CN111451152A - Conveying and screening device, spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader and method thereof - Google Patents
Conveying and screening device, spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
- B07B13/07—Apparatus in which aggregates or articles are moved along or past openings which increase in size in the direction of movement
- B07B13/072—Apparatus in which aggregates or articles are moved along or past openings which increase in size in the direction of movement the openings being rollers with a divergent axis and the material moving substantially along the rollers axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/14—Details or accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/14—Details or accessories
- B07B13/16—Feed or discharge arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/14—Details or accessories
- B07B13/18—Control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
- B08B1/12—Brushes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/20—Cleaning of moving articles, e.g. of moving webs or of objects on a conveyor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of peanut processing, and provides a conveying and screening device, a spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader and a method thereof. The conveying and screening device comprises a conveying and screening roller, a screening roller and a screening device, wherein the conveying and screening roller is composed of at least two stages of rollers with equal diameters; each stage of roller is uniformly surrounded by a plurality of round pipes, and the round pipes of each stage of roller have different gaps; the roller close to the feed inlet is a first-stage roller, the circular pipe gap of the first-stage roller is the minimum, and the circular pipe gap of the rear-stage roller is gradually increased compared with the circular pipe gap of the front-stage roller. The screening machine for peanut kernels not only improves the conveying speed and the grading efficiency, solves the problems of high cost and labor force, slow manual screening, high labor intensity and the like, but also ensures that the peanut kernels after grading have uniform particle sizes, ensures the grading precision, and has the characteristics of difficulty in blocking the screen and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peanut processing, and particularly relates to a conveying and screening device, a spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader and a method thereof.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The peanut yield of China is the first in the world, but the deep processing problem after peanut harvesting is increasingly prominent. The classification of peanut kernels is an important process in the deep processing process of the harvested peanuts. The market shows that the quality of peanut kernels is often closely related to the size of the peanut kernels in the marketing process, and the economic benefit of peanuts can be directly influenced. Due to the relative lag of the mechanical peanut grading technology, in order to ensure the quality of peanut kernels, people often adopt a manual method to grade the peanut kernels in various peanut kernel grading modes, namely manually sorting and screening the sizes of the peanut kernels. However, the manual sorting and screening has very low working efficiency and high labor cost, and the problems of uneven size of the screened peanut kernels and the like are easily caused by more peanut kernels to be screened and graded and overlarge labor intensity. In recent years, in order to realize deep processing and industrialization development of peanuts after harvesting, with the intensive research on mechanical peanut grading technology, a plurality of novel peanut kernel grading devices are successively developed. At present, three types of common peanut kernel mechanical grading and screening equipment are provided, namely vibrating screen type grading equipment, round roller gap type grading equipment and grid bar drum type grading equipment. Wherein, the vibrating screen type grading equipment can evenly grade the peanut kernel particles by utilizing sieve pores with proper size and shape and in a vibrating mode; the circular roller gap type grading equipment is relatively simple in structure, the grading screening work of peanut kernels with different grain diameters is realized by utilizing the size of the gap between the rolling rods, and the peanut kernel particles can be uniformly graded. The inventor believes that although the two types of classification equipment can classify peanut kernel particles uniformly, the feeding speed is strictly controlled in the working process, and the defects of low classification efficiency and poor classification effect generally exist.
According to the search, the Wang Lei, Dong Yan Jie, Zhao good storehouse, Lijing Yun, Ascency Xia and VanliXia of the institute of agricultural quality standard and detection technology of Shandong province academy of agricultural sciences invent a classified screening device for peanut kernels (patent number: Z L201911109599.1), which comprises a case, a screen plate, a connecting device and a power device, wherein the screen plate comprises a first screen plate and a second screen plate, the second screen plate is arranged below the first screen, the connecting device comprises a connecting rod and a sleeve, the lower end of the connecting rod is matched with the sleeve, a spring is arranged in the sleeve, the sleeve is connected with the inner bottom surface of the case, one ends of the first screen plate and the second screen plate are both connected with the connecting rod, the other ends of the first screen plate and the second screen plate are both connected with the inner wall of the case through a rotating shaft, the power device comprises a motor, an eccentric wheel and a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged above the connecting rod, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with the motor, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with the inner wall of the case, the rotating shaft is provided with the eccentric wheel, the.
The disadvantages of this classified screening device are: when the number of peanut kernel stages is large, the number of the vibration grading sieves is required to be large, so that the problems of large volume and large energy consumption of a machine are caused. And along with the increase of feeding volume, because the vibration classifying screen needs to drive peanut benevolence and vibrate together, can lead to the classification efficiency of this equipment to reduce, still exist the problem that can't solve stifled sieve phenomenon.
According to retrieval, Chengli and Li of Chengdu Jie crown science and technology Limited company invent a novel peanut kernel grading and screening device (patent number: Z L201810268508.8), which comprises a left support rod, a right support rod, a first rolling grading device and a second rolling grading device, wherein the first rolling grading device comprises a cylindrical first screen, a first upper connecting end, a first lower connecting end and a first rotating motor, an inclined material receiving plate is arranged between the left support rod and the right support rod below the first rolling grading device in parallel, a screening discharge port is arranged at the lower bottom end of the inclined material receiving plate, the second rolling grading device comprises a cylindrical second screen, a second upper connecting end, a second lower connecting end and a second rotating motor, a material receiving groove is arranged between the left support rod and the right support rod below the second rolling grading device, the equivalent diameter of meshes of the first screen is larger than that of the second screen, during operation, peanut kernels are screened out through the overturning effect of the cylindrical screen in the first rolling grading device, and other materials enter the second rolling grading device through the inclined material receiving plate to be graded.
The disadvantages of this classification method are: each level of rolling grading device is provided with a rotating motor independently, which causes the problems of large integral volume of the machine, large energy consumption and poor grading precision, and the device has no measures for reasonably dealing with the screen blockage phenomenon.
The peanut kernel grading device comprises a rack, wherein an electric cabinet, a conveyor belt and a plurality of rolling bars are arranged on the rack, the conveyor belt provides power through a speed regulating motor, the speed regulating motor is controlled to operate through the electric cabinet, the feeder hopper is arranged above the conveyor belt, a discharge port is arranged below one side of the feeder hopper corresponding to the conveyor belt, a rotating shaft at one end, far away from the discharge port, of the conveyor belt is in transmission connection with the rolling bars at the front end, a plurality of adjacent sections of rolling bars are connected through a linkage device, the shaft distance is sequentially enlarged from front to back, a collecting device is arranged below the rolling bars, peanut kernels are conveyed to the rolling bars through the discharge port below the feeder hopper, the rotating rolling bars convey the peanut kernels forwards through surface friction force, and grading of the peanut kernels is realized by utilizing different shaft distances.
Through retrieval, the Haojiajun, Zhang Hehan, Li Jianchang, Ma Shikai, Zhao Jian, Lihao, Zhang Reqing, Longsi Ping, Nie and Jia Huafei of the university of Hebei agriculture invent a peanut grader (patent number: Z L201920152872.8), which comprises a frame, a peanut feeding device, a peanut grading device and a peanut collecting device, wherein the peanut feeding device comprises a feeding groove, a suspension arm and a driving structure, more than one discharging opening is arranged on the rear side wall of the feeding groove, the feeding groove is driven by the driving structure to swing so that peanut kernels are conveyed onto the grading rollers at a constant speed, the peanut grading device comprises a peanut grading channel and grading strip holes arranged at the lower end of the channel, the specific structure comprises two grading rollers which are arranged in a left-right opposite mode and a grading roller driving device, the grading roller driving device drives the two grading rollers to rotate in opposite directions so that the inner cambered surfaces of the upper half parts of the two grading rollers rotate from inside to outside, gaps between the two combined grading rollers form grading strip hole sections with different widths, and the grading strip holes with different grain diameters can be arranged below the grading device, and the grading device has the characteristic of high universality and the universality of realizing the classification of the classification.
The inventors have found that the disadvantages of both classification devices are: along with the increase of the roll bar interval, the roll bar receives the restriction to the effect of the frictional force that the shelled peanut carried forward, and the shelled peanut probably stops between the roll bar clearance, and conveying efficiency is low to reduce hierarchical efficiency, influenced hierarchical screening's effect. The peanut kernels are conveyed and classified slowly, and the classification efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a conveying and screening device, which is provided with circular pipes with different gaps to classify and screen peanut kernel particles according to particle sizes, and the device is used for screening peanut kernels, so that not only is conveying speed and classification efficiency improved, but also uniformity in particle size of the classified peanut kernels is ensured, classification accuracy is ensured, and the device has a characteristic of difficulty in screen blockage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a conveyor screening device comprising:
a conveying and screening drum composed of at least two stages of equal-diameter drums; each stage of roller is uniformly surrounded by a plurality of round pipes, and the round pipes of each stage of roller have different gaps; the roller close to the feed inlet is a first-stage roller, the circular pipe gap of the first-stage roller is the minimum, and the circular pipe gap of the rear-stage roller is gradually increased compared with the circular pipe gap of the front-stage roller.
In order to solve the above problems, a second aspect of the present invention provides an auger-type peanut kernel classifier, which comprises a conveying and screening device, wherein the conveying and screening device is provided with round tubes with different gaps for classifying and screening peanut kernel particles according to the size of the particle size. The peanut kernel screening device has the advantages that the conveying speed and the grading efficiency are improved, the uniform particle size of the graded peanut kernels is guaranteed, the grading precision is guaranteed, and the peanut kernels are not easy to block a screen.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an auger-type peanut kernel grader comprising:
the feeding device is used for conveying the peanut kernels to the conveying and screening device;
a conveying and screening device as described above;
the screen cleaning device is arranged above the conveying and screening device; the screen cleaning device is contacted and flapped with the conveying and screening roller to realize screen cleaning of the conveying and screening roller.
In order to solve the above problems, a third aspect of the present invention provides a working method of a spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader, which improves conveying speed and grading efficiency, ensures uniform particle size of the graded peanut kernels, ensures grading accuracy, and has a characteristic of being not easy to block a sieve.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a working method of an auger pushing type peanut kernel grader comprises the following steps:
conveying the peanut kernels to a conveying and screening device by a feeding device;
conveying and screening roller shafts drive round pipes of all levels of rollers and built-in spiral blades to rotate together, peanut kernels with the grain sizes smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value leak down from the round pipe gaps of the first grading roller and are sorted out from corresponding discharge holes; the peanut kernels with the particle sizes larger than a first preset threshold value enter a next-stage conveying and screening roller in sequence according to the particle sizes to be screened;
when the conveying and screening roller works, the screen cleaning device is contacted with the conveying and screening roller to flap to realize screen cleaning.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the conveying and screening roller in the conveying and screening device is composed of at least two stages of rollers with equal diameters; the pipe clearance of every grade of cylinder is different, and the cylinder that is close to feed inlet department is first order cylinder, and its pipe clearance is minimum, and the pipe clearance of back level cylinder is compared in the pipe clearance of preceding stage cylinder and is increased step by step, sieves peanut benevolence granule according to the size of particle diameter in grades, has improved conveying speed and classification efficiency, has guaranteed that the peanut benevolence granule size after grading is even moreover, has guaranteed hierarchical precision, still has the characteristics that are difficult for stifled sieve.
(2) The spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader comprises a feeding device, a conveying and screening device and a cleaning device, wherein a conveying and screening roller of the conveying and screening device is used for carrying out grading screening according to the particle size, so that the grading precision is ensured, and the cleaning device is in contact with the conveying and screening roller to flap, so that the cleaning of the conveying and screening roller is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a side view of an auger-type peanut kernel classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an auger-type peanut kernel classifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of an auger-type peanut kernel grader in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a side view of a gantry of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1;
FIG. 4(b) is a side view of the gantry of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a feed hopper of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a conveyor screening drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial view of a conveyor screening drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a conveyor screening drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a force analysis of peanut kernels during a conveying and screening process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a kinetic analysis of peanut kernels during a conveying and screening process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a side view of a shaker beater roll according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an exploded view of a screen cleaning beater roller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a side view of a synchronizing gear shaft of a cleaning beater drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, a frame I, a feeding device II, a conveying and screening device III and a screen cleaning device IV are arranged;
i-01-outer layer covering cylinder, I-02-first-level discharge port, I-03-second-level discharge port, I-04-third-level discharge port, I-05-fourth-level discharge port, I-06-end discharge port, I-07-cleaning and beating roller fixing plate, I-08-conveying and screening drum shaft bearing hole, I-09-feed hopper fixing rod fastening hole, I-10-variable frequency motor fastening hole, I-11-variable frequency motor, I-12-driving pulley, I-13-belt, I-14-driven pulley, and I-0101-outer layer covering cylinder feeding baffle.
II-01-feed hopper, II-02-feed hopper fixing bolt, II-03-feed hopper fixing rod, II-04-feeding baffle, II-0101-feed hopper opening and II-0102-feeding inclined plate.
III-01-round tube, III-02-conveying and screening roller shaft, III-03-built-in tooth-shaped helical blade, III-04-conveying and screening roller connecting rod, III-05-round tube limiting groove and III-06-conveying and screening roller fixing bearing.
IV-01-hard brush, IV-02-screen cleaning and beating roller, IV-03-screen cleaning and beating roller rotating shaft, IV-04-screen cleaning and beating roller synchronous gear, IV-05-screen cleaning and beating roller fixed bearing, IV-06-hexagon bolt and IV-07-hexagon nut.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only terms of relationships determined for convenience of describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present invention, and are not intended to refer to any parts or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific situations by persons skilled in the relevant scientific or technical field, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The inventor finds that the conveying speed and the grading efficiency of the peanut kernels can be obviously improved by designing a spiral drum type peanut kernel grading device to carry out grading treatment on the peanut kernels according to different particle sizes in combination with sufficient knowledge on the grading organization structure of the peanut kernels and the green development concept of energy conservation and environmental protection. As introduced by the background art, the development of the related devices is not perfect at present, the grading effect of the existing peanut kernel grading devices is not ideal, the defects of low conveying speed, low grading efficiency and the like generally exist, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a conveying and screening device, a spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader and a method thereof.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a transport screening device, it includes:
a conveying and screening drum composed of at least two stages of equal-diameter drums; each stage of roller is uniformly surrounded by a plurality of round pipes, and the round pipes of each stage of roller have different gaps; the roller close to the feed inlet is a first-stage roller, the circular pipe gap of the first-stage roller is the minimum, and the circular pipe gap of the rear-stage roller is gradually increased compared with the circular pipe gap of the front-stage roller.
In the specific implementation, a section of helical blade is arranged inside each stage of roller, the helical blade is arranged on the shaft of the conveying and screening roller, and the pitch of the helical blade is gradually increased from the first stage of roller to the rear stage of roller.
In the embodiment, an outer layer covering cylinder is arranged outside the conveying and screening roller and used for preventing peanut kernels from overflowing; and discharge ports at all levels corresponding to each section of conveying and screening roller are arranged below the outer layer shielding cylinder, so that no overflow loss and accurate blanking are realized.
In the embodiment, the built-in tooth-shaped helical blade of the conveying and screening drum is in a tooth shape, and is different from a common solid helical blade and a belt-type helical blade, so that the conveying and screening drum is more suitable for conveying materials which are easy to crush. And the surface of the built-in tooth-shaped helical blade of the conveying and screening roller is embedded with a flexible material so as to reduce the damage to the peanuts in the process of pushing the peanuts.
Referring to figure 6, a conveying and screening device III is internally provided with a built-in tooth-shaped helical blade III-03, the built-in tooth-shaped helical blade III-03 is arranged on a conveying and screening roller shaft III-02, the periphery of the conveying and screening device III is provided with 4 sections of circular pipes III-01 with different gaps, and each section is connected with an outlet which is respectively a first-stage discharge port I-02, a second-stage discharge port I-03, a third-stage discharge port I-04 and a fourth-stage discharge port I-05. The tail end of the conveying and screening device III is also provided with a tail end discharge port I-06, and peanuts with the largest particle size are output from the tail end discharge port I-06. The conveying and screening roller shaft III-02 and the round pipe III-01 are welded and fixed by a connecting rod III-04 of the conveying and screening roller, as shown in fig. 4(a) and 4 (b). As shown in figure 4(a), the conveying and screening roller shaft III-02 is arranged in a bearing hole I-08 of the conveying and screening roller shaft, a feed hopper fixing rod II-03 is arranged in a feed hopper fixing rod fastening hole I-09, and a variable frequency motor I-11 is arranged in a variable frequency motor fastening hole I-10. As shown in FIG. 4(b), the end of the outer shell covering cylinder I-01 is provided with an outer shell covering cylinder feeding baffle I-0101.
The pitch and the inclination angle of the internally-arranged toothed helical blade of the conveying and screening roller are gradually increased from the feed inlet end to the tail end feed inlet, so that the conveying speed of the front-section peanut kernels is low, the screening speed is low, the contact probability of the peanut kernels and the conveying and screening roller is improved, the contact area is effectively increased, and the grading effect is improved; the conveying speed of the peanut kernels at the rear end is high, the screening speed is high, and the conveying and screening efficiency of the peanut kernels can be improved. The pitch of the built-in tooth-shaped helical blade is gradually increased from the feed inlet end, so that the conveying speed of the front-section peanut kernels is low, the contact area is effectively increased, and the grading effect is improved; the conveying speed of the peanut kernels at the rear end is high, the screening speed is high, and the conveying and screening efficiency of the peanut kernels can be improved. When the pitch of the built-in helical blade is designed, the limit condition is considered, namely the pitch not only determines the lead angle of the helical blade, but also determines the slip plane of material operation under a certain filling coefficient, so the size of the pitch directly influences the material conveying process.
The maximum pitch should satisfy the following two conditions:
1) the friction relationship between the helicoids and the materials; 2) the proper distribution relation among the components of the speed;
the acting force of the peanut kernels in the axial direction of the helicoid is as follows:
Pshaft＝PCombination of Chinese herbscos(α+ρ)
Wherein, PCombination of Chinese herbsIs the resultant force suffered by the peanut kernels.
To make PShaft>0. The condition α ≦ pi/2-P must be satisfied, the helix angle α at the minimum radius r ≦ d/2 is maximum, and the force P in the transport direction is greatestShaftMinimum, and according to this condition, the maximum allowable pitch value is determined by:
if with k1Substituting D/D into the formula to obtain:
in addition, a second condition which must be satisfied in determining the maximum permissible screw pitch is based on the relationship between the most reasonable velocity components for the material particles, i.e. the maximum possible axial transport velocity of the material particles, and the axial transport velocity v of the points on the helicoidShaftGreater than the peripheral speed vRound (T-shaped). The size of the pitch will affect the distribution of the velocity components.
Thus, according to v at the circumference of the helixRound (T-shaped)≤vShaftThe conditions of (1):
obtaining:
let D equal to 2 r;
then:
therefore, the pitch s needs to satisfy two conditions:
wherein α is a helix angle (rad), ρ is an external friction equivalent angle (rad), n is a helix rotation speed (Hz), μ is a friction coefficient between peanut kernels and helical blades, D is a helical blade diameter (m), D is a helical shaft diameter (m), and r is a cross section radius (m) of the conveying and screening roller.
The connecting part of the two ends of the round pipe of each stage of roller is provided with a round pipe limiting groove, so that the round pipe can randomly translate within a preset error range, and flexible screening of peanut kernels is realized. As shown in the attached figure 7, the connecting part of the two ends of each section of circular tube III-01 on the conveying and screening device III is provided with a circular tube limiting groove with the diameter larger than the diameter of the circular tube by 0.6mm, so that the circular tube can randomly translate within the error range of +/-0.3 mm, the damage to peanut kernels in the conveying and screening process is reduced while the accurate classification of the peanut kernels is ensured, and the flexible screening effect is realized.
As shown in figure 8, a feeding baffle II-04 is welded on a connecting rod III-04 of a conveying and screening roller, the feeding baffle II-04 is arc-shaped and rotates along with the conveying and screening device III to be matched with an arc-shaped feeding hopper opening II-0101 on a feeding hopper II-01, and periodic feeding is realized, as shown in figure 5.
Example 2
The spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader comprises a feeding device, a conveying and screening device and a screen cleaning device, wherein the feeding device, the conveying and screening device and the screen cleaning device are fixed on a rack;
the feeding device comprises a feeding hopper and a feeding baffle arranged on a connecting rod of the conveying and screening roller, wherein the bottom of the feeding hopper is provided with a feeding inclined plate II-0102, and the opening of the feeding hopper is matched with the feeding hole of the conveying and screening roller and is in a circular arc shape;
the conveying and screening device comprises a conveying and screening roller, a plurality of sections of built-in toothed helical blades with different pitches and inclination angles are arranged in the conveying and screening roller, round pipes with different gaps are arranged on the periphery of the conveying and screening roller, a round pipe limiting groove is formed in the joint of two ends of each round pipe, and peanut kernels are accurately classified under the combined action of the built-in toothed helical blades and the conveying and screening roller;
the clear device of sieving includes clear sieve patting roller, and clear sieve patting roller is patted the roller, is cleared the sieve and patts cylinder, stereoplasm brush and clear sieve and pat cylinder synchronizing gear and constitute by clear sieve, and wherein the stereoplasm brush is arranged in clear sieve and is patted on the cylinder, and clear sieve is patted cylinder synchronizing gear and is carried the pipe clearance fit on the screening cylinder and realize rotating, is patted the roller by clear sieve and drives clear sieve and pat the cylinder and rotate the purpose of realizing clear sieve.
The spiral-propelling drum-type peanut kernel grader disclosed in the present embodiment is further described with reference to fig. 1-13, it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them;
referring to attached drawings 1 and 3, the spiral push drum type peanut kernel grader is composed of a frame I, a feeding device II, a conveying and screening device III and a screen cleaning device IV, wherein the feeding device II is located obliquely above the conveying and screening device III, the screen cleaning device IV is located right above the conveying and screening device III, and discharge ports of all levels are arranged below the conveying and screening device III. Wherein, the feed hopper II-01 is fixed on the frame I by a feed hopper fixing rod II-03 and is fastened by a feed hopper fixing bolt II-02 and a nut. The conveying and screening device III is fixed on the frame I through a conveying and screening roller shaft III-02 by a conveying and screening roller fixing bearing III-06, the outer side of the conveying and screening device III is provided with an outer layer shielding cylinder I-01, and the lower side of the conveying and screening device III is provided with discharge ports at all levels. The screen cleaning device IV is positioned right above the conveying and screening device III, penetrates through the screen cleaning and beating roller fixing plates I-07 at two ends through a screen cleaning and beating roller rotating shaft IV-03 and is fixed on the frame I through a screen cleaning and beating roller fixing bearing IV-05.
This embodiment passes through feed hopper opening and the transport screening cylinder feed inlet of feed arrangement and matches, and the arc feeding baffle on the transport screening cylinder connecting rod rotates along with transport screening cylinder, has realized periodic feeding, has improved feed efficiency, carries the screening for peanut benevolence on next step and makes preparation.
As shown in figure 2, the spiral pushing drum type peanut kernel grader is powered by a variable frequency motor I-11, and is driven by a driving belt pulley I-12, a belt I-13 and a driven belt pulley I-14 in a matching manner.
Referring to the attached figure 6, a built-in tooth-shaped helical blade III-03 is arranged in a conveying and screening device III, the built-in tooth-shaped helical blade III-03 is arranged on a conveying and screening roller shaft III-02, the periphery of the conveying and screening device III is provided with 4 sections of circular tubes III-01 with different gaps, and the conveying and screening roller shaft III-02 and the circular tubes III-01 are welded and fixed through a conveying and screening roller connecting rod III-04.
The pitch of the built-in tooth-shaped helical blade is gradually increased from the feed inlet end, so that the conveying speed of the front-section peanut kernels is low, the contact area is effectively increased, and the grading effect is improved; the conveying speed of the peanut kernels at the rear end is high, the screening speed is high, and the conveying and screening efficiency of the peanut kernels can be improved. When the pitch of the built-in helical blade is designed, the limit condition is considered, namely the pitch not only determines the lead angle of the helical blade, but also determines the slip plane of material operation under a certain filling coefficient, so the size of the pitch directly influences the material conveying process. The maximum pitch should satisfy the following two conditions:
1) the friction relationship between the helicoids and the materials; 2) the proper distribution relation among the components of the speed;
the acting force of the peanut kernels in the axial direction of the helicoid is as follows:
Pshaft＝PCombination of Chinese herbscos(α+ρ)
Wherein, PCombination of Chinese herbsIs the resultant force suffered by the peanut kernels.
To make PShaft>0. The condition α ≦ pi/2-P must be satisfied, the helix angle α at the minimum radius r ≦ d/2 is maximum, and the force P in the transport direction is greatestShaftMinimum, and according to this condition, the maximum allowable pitch value is determined by:
if with k1＝d/Dk1Substituting D/D into the formula to obtain:
in addition, a second condition which must be satisfied in determining the maximum permissible screw pitch is based on the relationship between the most reasonable velocity components for the material particles, i.e. the maximum possible axial transport velocity of the material particles, and the axial transport velocity v of the points on the helicoidShaftGreater than the peripheral speed vRound (T-shaped). The size of the pitch will affect the distribution of the velocity components。
Thus, according to v at the circumference of the helixRound (T-shaped)≤vShaftThe conditions of (1):
obtaining:
let D equal to 2 r;
then:
therefore, the pitch s needs to satisfy two conditions:
wherein α is a helix angle (rad), ρ is an external friction equivalent angle (rad), n is a helix rotation speed (Hz), μ is a friction coefficient between peanut kernels and helical blades, D is a helical blade diameter (m), D is a helical shaft diameter (m), and r is a cross section radius (m) of the conveying and screening roller.
As shown in the attached figure 7, a circular tube limiting groove with the diameter being 0.6mm larger than that of the circular tube is arranged at the joint of the two ends of each section of the circular tube III-01 on the conveying and screening device III, so that the circular tubes can randomly translate within the error range of +/-0.3 mm, and the flexible screening of peanut kernels is realized.
As shown in figure 8, a feeding baffle II-04 is welded on a connecting rod III-04 of a conveying and screening roller, the feeding baffle II-04 is arc-shaped and rotates along with the conveying and screening device III to be matched with an arc-shaped feeding hopper opening II-0101 on a feeding hopper II-01, and periodic feeding is realized.
As shown in FIG. 9, the stress on the peanuts during the conveying and sifting process is described in detail below, and the peanuts are subjected to a weight when the conveying and sifting device is rotatedForce mg, centrifugal force FCAnd supporting force F of the built-in tooth-shaped helical bladeNAnd the friction force F of the built-in tooth-shaped helical blade to the samefThe combined force of (a). Use the barycenter P of peanut benevolence as the original point, carry the tangential of screening cylinder to be the X axle direction, carry the normal direction of screening cylinder to be the Y axle direction, decompose the dead weight mg of peanut benevolence respectively in X axle and Y axle direction, obtain:
FN＝-mgsinα (1)
Ff＝μFN(2)
Fc＝mω2r (3)
in the formula, mu is the friction coefficient of the peanut kernel and the helical blade, α is the helix angle (rad), i.e. the helix angle of the peanut kernel, m is the mass of the material, kg, g is the acceleration of gravity, m/s2(ii) a r is the radius of the cross section of the conveying and screening roller, m; omega is the angular velocity of the material movement, rad/s.
When the conveying and screening roller drives the peanut kernels to do circular motion in the roller, when the lift angle is a certain value, the critical condition that the peanut kernels P start to roll downwards along the blades is as follows:
Fc+mgsinα＝Ff(4)
substituting the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (3) into the formula (4) to obtain:
mω2r+mgsinα＝μmgcosα (5)
after simplification, the following can be obtained:
tanα＝μ-ω2rgcosα (6)
α≥arctan(μ-ω2rg) (7)
according to the formula (7), the rising angle of the peanut kernels in the conveying and screening roller is α, and the inclination angle of the built-in tooth-shaped helical blade is not less than α, so that the blade of the previous roller can smoothly push the peanut kernels with larger diameter size to the next roller.
As shown in fig. 10, the movement of the peanut kernels during the conveying and screening process is described below, and under the influence of the built-in toothed helical blades, the peanut kernels do not move only in the axial direction but also move in a compound manner in the axial direction and rotate in the radial direction. Taking the peanut kernels M on the helical blades at the position R away from the axis of the helical blades as a research object, and decomposing the speed of the peanut kernels M.
If the spiral body rotates at the angular speed omega, the linear speed V of the peanut kernel M at the point A0Along the tangential direction of the point, the speed is the traction speed of the peanut kernels; without considering the influence of friction of the helical blade, the peanut kernels are V-shaped along the normal direction of the helical bladeNAbsolute velocity motion of; however, due to the tangential friction force f between the peanut kernel and the helical bladelThe velocity V of the peanut kernel at point a will be deflected by an angle approximating the outer friction equivalent angle p of the peanut kernel: speed V is decomposed into axial speed VzAnd a circumferential velocity VTWherein V isZIs the conveying speed of the peanut kernel, and VTThe peanut kernel conveying device plays a role in turning over the conveying of peanut kernels.
As shown in the attached drawings 11, 12 and 13, the screen cleaning device IV comprises a screen cleaning and beating roller shaft IV-03, a screen cleaning and beating roller IV-02, a hard brush IV-01 and a screen cleaning and beating roller synchronizing gear IV-04, the screen cleaning and beating roller IV-04 and the screen cleaning and beating roller synchronizing gear IV-04 are connected in series through the screen cleaning and beating roller shaft IV-03, the hard brush IV-01 is arranged on the screen cleaning and beating roller IV-02, and the screen cleaning and beating roller synchronizing gear IV-04 is in clearance engagement with a circular tube III-01 on the conveying and sieving roller IV-02 to realize rotation. The rotating shaft IV-03 of the cleaning and beating roller and the fixed bearing IV-05 of the cleaning and beating roller are fixed through a hexagon bolt IV-06, and a hexagon nut IV-07 is arranged on the hexagon bolt IV-06 in a matching way.
The screen cleaning beating roller of the embodiment is rotated by the gap engagement of the synchronous gear of the screen cleaning beating roller and the circular tube, and a plurality of (for example, 16) hard brushes arranged on the screen cleaning beating roller rotate along with the synchronous gear and contact with the conveying screening roller for beating, so that the effect of efficient screen cleaning is realized.
The working principle of the spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader of the embodiment is as follows:
conveying the peanut kernels to a conveying and screening device by a feeding device;
conveying and screening roller shafts drive round pipes of all levels of rollers and built-in spiral blades to rotate together, peanut kernels with the grain sizes smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value leak down from the round pipe gaps of the first grading roller and are sorted out from corresponding discharge holes; the peanut kernels with the particle sizes larger than a first preset threshold value enter a next-stage conveying and screening roller in sequence according to the particle sizes to be screened;
when the conveying and screening roller works, the screen cleaning device is contacted with the conveying and screening roller to flap to realize screen cleaning.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A conveyor screening device, comprising:
a conveying and screening drum composed of at least two stages of equal-diameter drums; each stage of roller is uniformly surrounded by a plurality of round pipes, and the round pipes of each stage of roller have different gaps; the roller close to the feed inlet is a first-stage roller, the circular pipe gap of the first-stage roller is the minimum, and the circular pipe gap of the rear-stage roller is gradually increased compared with the circular pipe gap of the front-stage roller.
2. A conveying and screening unit according to claim 1, wherein a section of helical blade is provided inside each stage of drum, the helical blade being provided on the shaft of the conveying and screening drum, the pitch of the helical blade increasing from the first stage of drum to the subsequent stage of drum.
3. The conveyor screen apparatus of claim 2, wherein the helical blade is a toothed helical blade.
4. A conveying and screening unit as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, wherein said helical blades are faced with a flexible material to reduce damage to the peanuts during the pushing thereof.
5. The conveying and screening device as recited in claim 1, wherein the connection of the two ends of the circular tube of each stage of drum is provided with a circular tube limiting groove, so that the circular tube can randomly translate within a preset error range to realize flexible screening of peanut kernels;
or
An outer layer covering cylinder is arranged on the outer side of the conveying and screening roller and used for preventing peanut kernels from overflowing; and discharge ports at all levels corresponding to each section of conveying and screening roller are arranged below the outer layer shielding cylinder, so that no overflow loss and accurate blanking are realized.
6. An auger-type peanut kernel grader, comprising:
the feeding device is used for conveying the peanut kernels to the conveying and screening device;
the delivery screening device of any one of claims 1-5;
the screen cleaning device is arranged above the conveying and screening device; the screen cleaning device is contacted and flapped with the conveying and screening roller to realize screen cleaning of the conveying and screening roller.
7. An auger-type peanut kernel grader as in claim 6 wherein said feed device comprises:
the opening of the feed hopper is in a circular arc shape and is matched with the feed inlet of the conveying and screening roller;
the feeding baffle is arranged on the conveying and screening roller; the feeding baffle plate rotates along with the conveying and screening roller to realize periodic feeding;
the feeding inclined plate is arranged at the bottom of the feeding hopper.
8. An auger-type peanut kernel classifier as in claim 6 wherein said cleaning means comprises:
the screen cleaning and flapping roller is provided with a screen cleaning and flapping roller and a screen cleaning and flapping roller synchronous gear, and the screen cleaning and flapping roller synchronous gear are connected in series through a screen cleaning and flapping roller rotating shaft;
the screen cleaning and flapping roller synchronous gear is in clearance engagement with the round pipe on the conveying and screening roller.
9. An auger-type peanut kernel grader as in claim 8 wherein said cleaning beating drum has brushes in it, the number of brushes is the same as the number of teeth of the synchronous gears of the cleaning beating drum, and the position of the brushes is the same as the direction of the teeth of the synchronous gears of the cleaning beating drum, so as to achieve the synchronous cleaning of the conveying and screening drum.
10. A method of operating an auger-type peanut kernel grader as in any one of claims 6-9 comprising:
conveying the peanut kernels to a conveying and screening device by a feeding device;
conveying and screening roller shafts drive round pipes of all levels of rollers and built-in spiral blades to rotate together, peanut kernels with the grain sizes smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value leak down from the round pipe gaps of the first grading roller and are sorted out from corresponding discharge holes; the peanut kernels with the particle sizes larger than a first preset threshold value enter a next-stage conveying and screening roller in sequence according to the particle sizes to be screened;
when the conveying and screening roller works, the screen cleaning device is contacted with the conveying and screening roller to flap to realize screen cleaning.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010286114.2A CN111451152A (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-04-13 | Conveying and screening device, spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader and method thereof |
| PCT/CN2020/089270 WO2021208158A1 (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-05-08 | Conveying and screening device, spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader, and method thereof |
| ZA2021/05071A ZA202105071B (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2021-07-19 | Conveying and screening device, spiral pushing type peanut kernel grading machine and method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010286114.2A CN111451152A (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-04-13 | Conveying and screening device, spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader and method thereof |
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| CN111451152A true CN111451152A (en) | 2020-07-28 |
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| CN202010286114.2A Withdrawn CN111451152A (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2020-04-13 | Conveying and screening device, spiral pushing type peanut kernel grader and method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111451152A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021208158A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202105071B (en) |
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| CN112295923A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-02-02 | 逄中胜 | Automatic recovery unit of waste battery |
| CN113560188A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Fruit vegetables product sorter |
| NL2026314A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-03-21 | Univ Anhui Sci & Technology | Unbalance sampling and analyzing system for safety early warning of deep coal mine |
| CN114522871A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-24 | 贺沛祥 | Crop harvesting device with screening and grading functions |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2049473U (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1989-12-20 | 牛振裕 | Spiral type equipment for classifying shelled peanut |
| CN201618690U (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-11-03 | 白文庆 | Automatic anti-blocking rotary screen |
| CN202143878U (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-02-15 | 塔里木大学 | Variable-pitch screw grid type red date grader |
| JP6209425B2 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2017-10-04 | キユーピー株式会社 | Contaminant separator |
| CN204842153U (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-12-09 | 赣州汇金农产品有限公司 | Peanut sorter |
| CN208727945U (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2019-04-12 | 南阳泰都环保科技有限公司 | A kind of drum-type screening plant |
| CN109967338A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-05 | 合肥壹点通信息科技有限公司 | A kind of classifying screen |
| CN212041358U (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-12-01 | 青岛理工大学 | Peanut kernel conveying and screening device and peanut kernel grader |
-
2020
- 2020-04-13 CN CN202010286114.2A patent/CN111451152A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-05-08 WO PCT/CN2020/089270 patent/WO2021208158A1/en active Application Filing
-
2021
- 2021-07-19 ZA ZA2021/05071A patent/ZA202105071B/en unknown
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| NL2026314A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-03-21 | Univ Anhui Sci & Technology | Unbalance sampling and analyzing system for safety early warning of deep coal mine |
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| CN114522871A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-24 | 贺沛祥 | Crop harvesting device with screening and grading functions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ZA202105071B (en) | 2021-08-25 |
| WO2021208158A1 (en) | 2021-10-21 |
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