CN111425593B - Automatic gear shifting system and gear shifting method of agricultural machinery transmission - Google Patents

Automatic gear shifting system and gear shifting method of agricultural machinery transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111425593B
CN111425593B CN202010219413.4A CN202010219413A CN111425593B CN 111425593 B CN111425593 B CN 111425593B CN 202010219413 A CN202010219413 A CN 202010219413A CN 111425593 B CN111425593 B CN 111425593B
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China
Prior art keywords
gear
electromagnetic valve
oil
actuator
engaging
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CN111425593A (en
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邱辉鹏
严鉴铂
刘义
聂幸福
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Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Group Co Ltd
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Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Group Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/04—Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
    • F15B21/041—Removal or measurement of solid or liquid contamination, e.g. filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/08—Range selector apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0003—Arrangement or mounting of elements of the control apparatus, e.g. valve assemblies or snapfittings of valves; Arrangements of the control unit on or in the transmission gearbox
    • F16H61/0009—Hydraulic control units for transmission control, e.g. assembly of valve plates or valve units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/30—Hydraulic or pneumatic motors or related fluid control means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/30—Hydraulic or pneumatic motors or related fluid control means therefor
    • F16H2061/308—Modular hydraulic shift units, i.e. preassembled actuator units for select and shift movements adapted for being mounted on transmission casing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic gear shifting system and a gear shifting method of an agricultural machinery transmission, which comprise an oil pump, a plurality of gear engaging execution units and at least one gear selecting execution unit, wherein the gear engaging execution units and the gear selecting execution units both comprise electromagnetic valves and actuators, and the gear box can be engaged in different gears by the combined use of the plurality of gear engaging execution units and the at least one gear selecting execution unit.

Description

Automatic gear shifting system and gear shifting method of agricultural machinery transmission
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transmission gear shifting, in particular to an automatic gear shifting system and a gear shifting method of an agricultural machinery transmission.
Background
In the operation process of agricultural machinery, because the running resistance is very large, no matter a manual gear shifting transmission or a power gear shifting transmission, dozens of gears are usually needed, and some transmissions or even dozens of gears are needed. The main transmission is generally designed with 4 gears, but according to the number of actually required gears, there are also 2 gears, 3 gears, 5 gears and 6 gears, and the main transmission is generally selected by a synchronizer/meshing sleeve and the like together with a set of mechanical control lever system.
According to the traditional design, in order to realize smooth gear selection and engagement of a driver, the mechanical arrangement is complex and accurate generally, otherwise, clamping stagnation is easily caused in the gear shifting process, the cost of the transmission is high, and the frequent gear selection and engagement of the driver in the operation has high labor intensity and is easy to fatigue.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of complex structure and high labor intensity of frequent gear shifting of the existing agricultural transmission due to more gears, the invention provides the automatic gear shifting system and the gear shifting method of the agricultural transmission, which fully utilize a hydraulic system on the agricultural transmission, realize the gear shifting operation control of a main gear and multiple gears, reduce the labor intensity, and have simple and reliable system and easy modularization.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an automatic gear shifting system of an agricultural machinery transmission comprises an oil pump, a pressure reducing valve and a plurality of gear engaging execution units for controlling the transmission to engage, wherein each gear engaging execution unit comprises an electromagnetic valve and an actuator;
an oil outlet of the oil pump is connected with oil inlets of a plurality of gear engaging execution unit electromagnetic valves through a pressure reducing valve, an oil outlet of each electromagnetic valve is connected with an actuator, and an oil drain port of each electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil pan;
when the gear is engaged, the oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil outlet, and when the gear is disengaged, the oil outlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil discharge port.
Preferably, the transmission further comprises at least one gear selection execution unit for controlling the transmission to select gears, and the gear selection execution unit and the gear engagement execution unit have the same structure;
the electromagnetic valve of the gear selecting execution unit is connected with the oil pump through a pressure reducing valve, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve of the gear selecting execution unit is communicated with an oil outlet during gear selecting, and the oil outlet of the electromagnetic valve of the gear selecting execution unit is communicated with an oil drain port during gear returning.
Preferably, the oil inlet of oil pump is provided with the oil absorption and strains for carry out primary filtration to the inspiratory fluid of oil pump, the oil-out of oil pump is provided with the secondary filter, is used for carrying out secondary filtration to fluid.
Preferably, the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder.
The invention also provides a gear shifting method of the automatic gear shifting system of the agricultural machinery transmission,
when the target gear needs to be selected and then shifted, the electromagnetic valves corresponding to the preset gear selection execution unit and the preset gear shifting execution unit are sequentially electrified;
firstly, an oil inlet of a preset gear selection execution unit corresponding to an electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of a transmission to complete gear selection;
then, the preset gear engaging executing mechanism is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to move to complete gear engaging operation;
and the electromagnetic valves of the other gear selecting execution units and the gear engaging execution units are powered off, and the oil inlets are communicated with the oil discharge ports.
Preferably, when the target gear can be directly engaged, the electromagnetic valve corresponding to the preset engaging execution unit is electrified; an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to rotate to complete gear engaging operation;
and all the gear selecting execution units and the electromagnetic valves of the rest gear engaging execution units are powered off, and the oil inlets are communicated with the oil discharge ports.
Preferably, when the automatic gear shifting system is a two-gear system, the automatic gear shifting system comprises two gear engaging actuating mechanisms, namely a gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 and a gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2;
when the 1 gear or the 2 gear is engaged, an electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 or the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, oil enters an actuator through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls the transmission to be engaged in the 1 gear or the 2 gear;
and an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging actuating mechanism in the de-energized state are communicated.
Preferably, when the automatic gear shifting system is a three-gear or four-gear system, the automatic gear shifting system comprises a gear engaging executing mechanism Y1, a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 and a gear selecting executing mechanism X1;
when the 1 gear or the 2 gear is engaged, an electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 or the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, oil enters an actuator through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls the transmission to be engaged in the 1 gear or the 2 gear;
when the 3-gear is engaged, the gear selection executing mechanism X1 and the gear engagement executing mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified;
the gear selecting execution mechanism X1 is powered on, an oil inlet corresponding to the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to complete gear selection; then the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to engage;
when the 4-gear is engaged, the gear selection actuator X1 and the gear engagement actuator Y2 are sequentially powered on.
Preferably, when the 1 gear is engaged, the gear selection executing mechanism X1 and the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified;
the gear selecting execution mechanism X1 is powered on, an oil inlet corresponding to the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to complete gear selection; then the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to engage;
when the 2-gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X1 and a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 are sequentially electrified;
when the 3-gear or 4-gear is engaged, the electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 or the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, the oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil outlet, oil enters the actuator through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls the transmission to engage in the 3-gear or 4-gear.
Preferably, when the automatic gear shifting system is a five-gear or six-gear system, the automatic gear shifting system comprises a gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1, a gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2, a gear selecting actuating mechanism X1 and a gear selecting actuating mechanism X2;
when the 1 gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X1 and a gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified;
the gear selecting execution mechanism X1 is powered on, an oil inlet corresponding to the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to complete gear selection; then the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to engage;
when the 2-gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X1 and a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 are sequentially electrified;
when the 3-gear or 4-gear is engaged, the electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 or the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, the oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil outlet, oil enters the actuator through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls the transmission to engage in the 3-gear or 4-gear.
When 5-gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X2 and a gear engagement executing mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified;
the gear selecting execution mechanism X2 is powered on, an oil inlet corresponding to the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to complete gear selection; then the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to engage;
when the 6-gear is engaged, the gear selection actuator X2 and the gear engagement actuator Y2 are sequentially powered on.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides an automatic gear shifting system of an agricultural machinery transmission, which comprises an oil pump and a plurality of gear engaging execution units, wherein each gear engaging execution unit comprises an electromagnetic valve and an actuator, and the electromagnetic valves of the gear engaging execution units are electrified to control the transmission to be engaged in a target gear through the actuators.
Furthermore, a gear selecting execution mechanism is arranged, the gearbox can be used for engaging different gears through the combined use of the plurality of gear engaging execution units and the at least one gear selecting execution unit, the control principle is simple, the logic is clear, and the gear engaging execution units and the gear selecting execution units are compact in structure and can be arranged on the transmission as an independent module.
Furthermore, filters are arranged at two ends of the oil pump, hydraulic oil is filtered twice, and the service life of the automatic gear shifting system is prolonged.
According to the gear shifting method of the automatic gear shifting system, the gear shifting execution units and the gear selecting execution units are used in different combinations, so that the gear shifting method can control the gearbox to be shifted into different gears, and is simple in gear shifting logic and easy to achieve.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hydraulic schematic of an agricultural transmission shift system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram for a two-gear shift of the transmission shift system of the agricultural machine of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a shift logic diagram for a third gear of the transmission shift system of the agricultural machine of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first shift logic diagram for a fourth gear of the transmission shift system of the agricultural machine of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second shift logic diagram for a fourth gear of the transmission shift system of the agricultural machine of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a shift logic diagram for a fifth gear of the transmission shift system of the agricultural machine of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a shift logic diagram for a sixth gear of the transmission shift system of the agricultural machine of the present invention.
In the figure: 2. oil absorption and filtration; 3. an oil pump; 4. a fine filter; 5. a pressure reducing valve; 6. an oil pan; 7. an electromagnetic valve; 8. an actuator; x1, a first gear selection mechanism; x2, a second gear selection mechanism; y1, a first gear engaging mechanism; y2, second gear engaging mechanism.
● in FIGS. 2-7 represents solenoid valve power-up, and O represents solenoid valve power-down.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an automatic gear shifting system of an agricultural machinery transmission comprises an oil pump 3, a pressure reducing valve 5, a plurality of gear engaging execution units and at least one gear selecting execution unit;
the gear engaging execution unit is used for controlling the transmission to engage gears, the gear selecting execution unit is used for controlling the transmission to select gears, and the gear engaging execution unit and the gear selecting execution unit are identical in structure and comprise electromagnetic valves 7 and actuators 8.
The oil pump 3 is positioned in the transmission, an oil inlet of the oil pump 3 absorbs oil from an oil pan 6 of the transmission, an oil outlet of the oil pump 3 is respectively connected with oil inlets of electromagnetic valves 7 of the gear engaging execution unit and the gear selecting execution unit through pressure reducing valves 5, an oil outlet of the electromagnetic valve 7 is connected with an actuator 8, and an oil discharge port of the electromagnetic valve 7 is communicated with the oil pan.
When the battery valve is electrified, the oil inlet is communicated with the oil outlet, and when the battery valve is electrified, the oil outlet is communicated with the oil drain port.
An oil suction filter 2 is arranged at an oil inlet of the oil pump 3 and is used for filtering oil sucked by the oil pump; an oil outlet of the oil pump 3 is provided with a fine filter 4 for secondary filtration of oil, and the filtered oil enters a pressure reducing valve 5.
The actuator 8 is a hydraulic oil cylinder.
The gear engaging actuating mechanism comprises two gear engaging actuating mechanisms Y1 and Y2; the gear selection actuating mechanism comprises a gear selection actuating mechanism X1 and a gear selection actuating mechanism X2.
The outlet of the fine filter 4 is also provided with an oil distribution path which is used for realizing other functions of the transmission or the action of the agricultural implement.
The following provides a detailed description of a shifting method of an automatic shifting system of an agricultural transmission.
Example 1
The automatic gear shifting system of the agricultural transmission comprises a gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 and a gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2.
Referring to fig. 2, when the 1-gear is engaged, the electromagnetic valve 7 of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, the oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve after being adjusted to a set pressure value by the pressure reducing valve, and then enters the actuator 8 connected with the electromagnetic valve through the oil outlet, and the actuator 8 completes the gear engaging operation.
When a gear needs to be withdrawn, the electromagnetic valve is powered off, the oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil drain port, the actuator 8 is communicated with the oil pan 6 through the electromagnetic valve 7, hydraulic pressure in the closed oil cavity inside the actuator disappears, hydraulic oil enters the oil pan through the oil drain port under the action of the transmission returning device, and the transmission is withdrawn to a neutral gear.
In the process of engaging and disengaging, the engaging actuating mechanism Y1 is powered off, an oil inlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, and the actuator does not work.
When the gear 2 is engaged, the electromagnetic valve 7 of the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2 is powered on, and the working principle is the same as that of the gear 1, which is not described in detail.
Example 2
The automatic gear shifting system of the agricultural transmission comprises a gear engaging executing mechanism Y1, a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 and a gear selecting executing mechanism X1.
Referring to fig. 3, the operating principle of the 1 st and 2 nd gears is the same as that of embodiment 1, and the gear selection actuator X1 is de-energized during the 1 st and 2 nd gears.
When the 3-gear is engaged, the gear selection actuator X1 and the gear engagement actuator Y1 are sequentially powered on, and the gear engagement actuator Y2 is powered off.
Firstly, a gear selecting execution mechanism X1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator 8 connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator 8 controls a shifting fork shaft of a transmission to move or rotate to complete gear selection.
Then, the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters the actuator 8 connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator 8 controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to move to complete gear engaging operation.
During the reverse gear, the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 and the gear selecting actuating mechanism X1 are sequentially powered off.
Firstly, the gear engaging execution mechanism Y1 is de-energized, an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil drain port, hydraulic oil enters an oil pan through the oil drain port under the action of a transmission return device, and the transmission is shifted to a neutral gear.
Then, the gear selecting execution mechanism X1 is powered off, an oil outlet of the corresponding electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil drain port, hydraulic oil enters an oil pan through the oil drain port under the action of a transmission return device, and the transmission is reset to the 1 neutral gear.
Example 3
The automatic gear shifting system of the agricultural transmission comprises a gear engaging executing mechanism Y1, a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 and a gear selecting executing mechanism X1.
The control logic of the 4 th gear is two, specifically as follows:
referring to fig. 4, when the gear engaging actuator Y1 is powered on, the gear engaging actuator Y2 and the gear selecting actuator X1 are powered off, and the transmission is engaged in the 1 gear;
when the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2 is electrified, the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 and the gear selecting actuating mechanism X1 are electrified, and the transmission is engaged in the 2 gear;
when the gear selection actuating mechanism X1 and the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified, the transmission is engaged in the 3 gear.
When the gear selection executing mechanism X1 and the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 are sequentially powered on, the transmission is engaged in the 4 gear, and the working principle of the transmission is the same as that of the 3 gear engagement in the embodiment 2, which is not described again.
Referring to fig. 5, in another embodiment, the transmission is engaged in gear 1 with the gear selection actuator X1 and the gear engagement actuator Y1 sequentially energized.
When the gear selection actuating mechanism X1 and the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2 are sequentially electrified, the transmission is engaged in the 2 gear.
When the power of the X1 is off, the gear engaging device returns to a position between the 3 gear and the 4 gear, when the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 is powered on, the transmission is engaged in the 3 gear, and when the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2 is powered on, the transmission is engaged in the 4 gear.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 6, the automatic shifting system of the agricultural transmission includes a shift actuator Y1, a shift actuator Y2, a select actuator X1, and a select actuator X2.
The neutral gear is between the 3 gear and the 4 gear, when the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 is electrified, the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2, the gear selecting actuating mechanism X1 and the gear selecting actuating mechanism X2 are electrified, and the transmission is engaged in the 3 gear.
When the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2 is electrified, the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1, the gear selecting actuating mechanism X1 and the gear selecting actuating mechanism X2 are electrified, and the transmission is engaged in the 4-gear.
When the gear selection actuating mechanism X1 and the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified, the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2 and the gear selection actuating mechanism X2 are electrified, and the transmission is engaged in the 1 gear.
When the gear selection actuating mechanism X1 and the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2 are sequentially electrified, the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 and the gear selection actuating mechanism X2 are electrified, and the transmission is engaged in the 2 gear.
When the gear selection actuating mechanism X2 and the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified, the gear engaging actuating mechanism Y2 and the gear selection actuating mechanism X1 are electrified, and the transmission is engaged in the 5 gear.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 7, the automatic shifting system of the agricultural transmission includes a shift actuator Y1, a shift actuator Y2, a select actuator X1, and a select actuator X2.
When the 1 or 2 gear is engaged, the gear selection actuator X1 is electrified to complete gear selection, the transmission is in a neutral gear between the 1 gear and the 2 gear, when the gear selection actuator Y1 is electrified, the transmission enters the 1 gear, and when the gear selection actuator Y2 is electrified, the transmission enters the 2 gear.
If 5 and 6 gears need to be engaged, the gear selection executing mechanism X2 is electrified to complete gear selection, the transmission is in a neutral gear between the 5 gear and the 6 gear, when the gear selection executing mechanism Y1 is electrified, the transmission enters the 5 gear, and when the gear selection executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, the transmission enters the 6 gear.
The invention provides an automatic gear shifting system of an agricultural machine transmission, which fully utilizes a hydraulic system on the agricultural machine transmission, particularly a power gear shifting transmission, designs the automatic gear shifting system, adopts 2-4 electromagnetic valves to realize the gear shifting action of 2-6 range gears of a main transmission, has simple gear shifting principle and clear logic, has compact structure of a hydraulic valve group, can be arranged on the transmission as an independent module, has mechanical return devices which are widely used in the transmission and have various forms, and is used as known knowledge, and the mechanical structure of the automatic gear shifting system is not detailed.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The automatic gear shifting system of the agricultural machinery transmission is characterized by comprising an oil pump (3), a pressure reducing valve (5) and a plurality of gear engaging execution units for controlling the transmission to engage, wherein each gear engaging execution unit comprises an electromagnetic valve (7) and an actuator (8);
an oil outlet of the oil pump (3) is connected with oil inlets of a plurality of gear engaging execution unit electromagnetic valves through a pressure reducing valve (5), an oil outlet of an electromagnetic valve (7) is connected with an actuator (8), and an oil drain port of the electromagnetic valve (7) is communicated with an oil pan;
when the gear is engaged, the oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil outlet, and when the gear is disengaged, the oil outlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil drain port;
the gear shifting method of the automatic gear shifting system comprises the following steps: when the target gear needs to be selected and then shifted, the electromagnetic valves corresponding to the preset gear selection execution unit and the preset gear shifting execution unit are sequentially electrified;
firstly, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a preset gear selection execution unit corresponding to an electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator (8) connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator (8) controls a shifting fork shaft of a transmission to complete gear selection;
then, the preset gear engaging executing mechanism is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator (8) connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator (8) controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to move to complete gear engaging operation;
the electromagnetic valves of the other gear selecting execution units and the gear engaging execution units are powered off, and the oil inlets are communicated with the oil discharge ports;
when the target gear can be directly engaged, the electromagnetic valve corresponding to the preset engaging execution unit is electrified; an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters an actuator (8) connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator (8) controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to rotate to complete gear engaging operation;
all the electromagnetic valves of the gear selecting execution units and the rest of the gear engaging execution units are powered off, and the oil inlets are communicated with the oil discharge ports;
when the automatic gear shifting system is a two-gear system, the automatic gear shifting system comprises two gear engaging executing mechanisms, namely a gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 and a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2;
when the 1 gear or the 2 gear is engaged, an electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 or the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, oil enters an actuator through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls the transmission to be engaged in the 1 gear or the 2 gear;
an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging actuating mechanism in the de-energized state are communicated;
when the automatic gear shifting system is a three-gear or four-gear system, the automatic gear shifting system comprises a gear engaging executing mechanism Y1, a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 and a gear selecting executing mechanism X1;
when the 1 gear or the 2 gear is engaged, an electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 or the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, oil enters an actuator through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls the transmission to be engaged in the 1 gear or the 2 gear;
when the 3-gear is engaged, the gear selection executing mechanism X1 and the gear engagement executing mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified;
the gear selecting execution mechanism X1 is powered on, an oil inlet corresponding to the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to complete gear selection; then the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to engage;
when the 4-gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X1 and a gear engagement executing mechanism Y2 are sequentially electrified;
when the automatic gear shifting system is a five-gear or six-gear system, the automatic gear shifting system comprises a gear engaging executing mechanism Y1, a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2, a gear selecting executing mechanism X1 and a gear selecting executing mechanism X2;
when the 1 gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X1 and a gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified;
the gear selecting execution mechanism X1 is powered on, an oil inlet corresponding to the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to complete gear selection; then the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to engage;
when the 2-gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X1 and a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 are sequentially electrified;
when the 3-gear or 4-gear is engaged, an electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 or the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, oil enters an actuator through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls the transmission to be engaged in the 3-gear or 4-gear;
when 5-gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X2 and a gear engagement executing mechanism Y1 are sequentially electrified;
the gear selecting execution mechanism X2 is powered on, an oil inlet corresponding to the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to complete gear selection; then the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to engage;
when the 6-gear is engaged, the gear selection actuator X2 and the gear engagement actuator Y2 are sequentially powered on.
2. The automatic gear shifting system of the agricultural transmission according to claim 1, further comprising at least one gear selection executing unit for controlling the transmission to select gears, wherein the gear selection executing unit and the gear engagement executing unit have the same structure;
the electromagnetic valve of the gear selecting execution unit is connected with the oil pump through a pressure reducing valve, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve of the gear selecting execution unit is communicated with an oil outlet during gear selecting, and the oil outlet of the electromagnetic valve of the gear selecting execution unit is communicated with an oil drain port during gear returning.
3. The automatic gear shifting system of the agricultural machinery transmission, as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the oil inlet of the oil pump (3) is provided with an oil suction filter (2) for performing a primary filtration on oil sucked by the oil pump, and the oil outlet of the oil pump (3) is provided with a fine filter (4) for performing a secondary filtration on the oil.
4. An automatic gear shifting system of an agricultural machine transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (8) is a hydraulic cylinder.
5. The automatic shifting system of an agricultural transmission according to claim 1, wherein when the 1 gear is engaged, the gear selection actuator X1 and the gear engagement actuator Y1 are sequentially powered;
the gear selecting execution mechanism X1 is powered on, an oil inlet corresponding to the electromagnetic valve is communicated with an oil outlet, hydraulic oil enters the actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to complete gear selection; then the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 is powered on, an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a corresponding electromagnetic valve are communicated, hydraulic oil enters an actuator connected with the electromagnetic valve through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls a shifting fork shaft of the transmission to engage;
when the 2-gear is engaged, a gear selection executing mechanism X1 and a gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 are sequentially electrified;
when the 3-gear or 4-gear is engaged, the electromagnetic valve of the gear engaging executing mechanism Y1 or the gear engaging executing mechanism Y2 is electrified, the oil inlet of the electromagnetic valve is communicated with the oil outlet, oil enters the actuator through the electromagnetic valve, and the actuator controls the transmission to engage in the 3-gear or 4-gear.
CN202010219413.4A 2020-03-25 2020-03-25 Automatic gear shifting system and gear shifting method of agricultural machinery transmission Active CN111425593B (en)

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SE504248C2 (en) * 1995-04-26 1996-12-16 Scania Cv Ab Gear maneuvering device
CN101260938A (en) * 2007-12-27 2008-09-10 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 Automobile electric control mechanical type automatic speed variator hydraulic system and its control method
CN202946658U (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-05-22 武汉理工通宇新源动力有限公司 Automatic speed changer hydraulic shifting actuator
CN107061547B (en) * 2017-05-24 2022-11-08 捷孚传动科技有限公司 Hybrid electric vehicle and gearbox hydraulic control system thereof
CN108757916B (en) * 2018-07-09 2023-07-11 湖南农业大学 Automatic gear shifting control device of wheeled tractor and control method thereof

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