CN111397454B - Method for realizing spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction - Google Patents
Method for realizing spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN111397454B CN111397454B CN202010246380.2A CN202010246380A CN111397454B CN 111397454 B CN111397454 B CN 111397454B CN 202010246380 A CN202010246380 A CN 202010246380A CN 111397454 B CN111397454 B CN 111397454B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing blasting drilling construction of a spiral tunnel, which comprises the following steps: deducing hole depth difference delta L relative to R according to geometric relation1And a mathematical calculation model of the tunnel cross section width B; considering the external extrapolation angle deviation angle beta brought by the spiral development line of the tunnel in the aspect of the external extrapolation angle of the peripheral holes, and determining the relation between the beta and the radius R of the spiral development line of the tunnel according to the geometric relation; the construction is guided based on the two geometric reasoning calculation models: and reversely deducing the footage at the side close to the center of the tunnel according to the over-under limit excavation value of the tunnel by using the pythagorean theorem so as to determine the maximum limit value of the cyclic footage, then determining the cyclic footage according to the actual engineering requirement, calculating delta L and comparing the delta L with a hole depth critical value c, adjusting the hole depth of the tunnel in a grading manner, and adjusting the external insertion angle in a grading manner according to the size of beta. The method for determining the blasting drilling parameters of the spiral tunnel has clear geometric principle, and is strictly suitable for blasting drilling construction of road tunnels, railway tunnels, hydraulic tunnels and mining roadways of spiral lines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction implementation method.
Background
With the rapid development of the current engineering construction in China, the domestic tunnel construction is continuously developed to a remote place and a deep mountain canyon, the situation that the height difference of the inlet and the outlet of the tunnel is large is more and more, the construction difficulty is more and more, more and more tunnels needing spiral expansion lines are needed, and related technologies are urgently needed to guide the blasting and drilling construction of the spiral tunnel. Because the spiral expansion line tunnel is slowly adopted in recent years, and along with the construction of infrastructure, will be more and more, the expansion line radius also will be littleer and more, the engineering construction degree of difficulty also can increase correspondingly, in blasting construction, spiral tunnel's circulation footage, peripheral hole depth, drilling angle isoparametric all need further confirm and adjust.
At present, all construction excavation methods adopted for the spiral tunnel are drilling and blasting methods, but various drilling parameters (such as difference values of hole depth values of the far center side and the near center side of the spiral tunnel and hole external insertion angle deviation angles) in the drilling and blasting methods lack a theoretical calculation basis, and a theoretical method for guidance in construction is lacked. The drilling parameters of the conventional spiral line-expanding rotary tunnel blasting are estimated manually, and the out-of-break value cannot be effectively controlled by a disordered manual estimation method. Resulting in unsafe construction, increased uncertainty and low construction efficiency. Secondly, the excessive undermining and the excessive undermining brought by the conventional tunnel blasting drilling method in the spiral tunnel are adopted, so that the construction safety and the engineering economy are greatly insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that various drilling parameters in the blasting method in the prior art, such as the difference between the hole depth values of the far side and the near side of a spiral tunnel, the deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle and the cyclic footage value lack a theoretical calculation basis, so that the construction parameters are disordered and the construction scheme cannot be guided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model and a spiral tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation calculation model through geometric reasoning;
step 2: acquiring an over under excavation limit value and a geometric parameter of the spiral tunnel to be blasted, and determining a circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the over under excavation limit value and the geometric parameter; respectively determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the cyclic footage value;
and step 3: according to the circulation footage obtained in the step 2, obtaining a hole depth difference value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted based on the spiral tunnel hole depth difference value calculation model; and solving a hole external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the circulation footage value obtained in the step 2 based on the spiral tunnel hole external insertion angle deviation angle calculation model;
and 4, step 4: comparing the hole depth difference value obtained in the step (3) with the hole depth critical value, and determining a first construction adjustment scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted; and (3) comparing the hole external insertion angle deviation angle obtained in the step (3) with the preset hole external insertion angle deviation angle, and determining a second construction regulation scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted.
Preferably, the spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model is as follows:
wherein, DeltaL is a hole depth difference, R1The radius of the proximal side expansion line of the spiral tunnel; l is the circulation footage of the spiral tunnel, B is the cross section width of the spiral tunnel.
Preferably, the calculation model of the helical tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation angle is as follows:
wherein beta is the hole external insertion angle deviation angle, L is the cyclic scale value of the spiral tunnel, and R is the proximal side expansion line radius of the spiral tunnel.
Preferably, the step 2 comprises:
step 201, acquiring a near-side out-of-excavation limit value and a near-side line-spreading radius of the spiral tunnel to be blasted;
step 202, calculating the allowed near-side footage of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the near-side overbreak limit value and the near-side line-spreading radius obtained in the step 201 by using a tunnel allowed footage calculation formula; determining the circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted by taking the near-side allowable footage as a threshold value of an actual circulating footage value;
and 203, performing error evaluation on the spiral tunnel project of the current to-be-blasted construction, and determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel of the to-be-blasted construction based on the circulation footage value.
Preferably, the tunnel allowable footage calculation formula is as follows:
wherein S isnIs the tunnel near side overbreak limit, LnAdmission gauge for tunnel near side；R1Is the tunnel proximal radius.
Preferably, the pore depth threshold is the cycle footage value x (2% to 4%).
Preferably, the first construction adjustment scheme includes:
if the hole depth difference obtained in the step 3 is smaller than the hole depth critical value, the hole depth is not adjusted;
and if the hole depth difference obtained in the step 3 is larger than the hole depth critical value, adjusting the hole depth.
Preferably, the predetermined angle of the external hole insertion angle is 1 degree.
Preferably, the second construction adjustment scheme includes:
if beta is less than or equal to 1 degree, the external inserting angle of the hole is not adjusted;
if the beta is more than or equal to 1 degree and less than or equal to 3 degrees, adjusting the angle of the external inserting angle of the hole;
if the beta is more than or equal to 3 degrees, adjusting the external insertion angle of the hole by adopting a long and short hole combination method;
wherein beta is a preset deviation angle of the hole external insertion angle obtained by calculation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the model is analyzed and calculated through clear geometric theory on the underground engineering blasting drill hole of the spiral expansion line, the difference value of hole depth values of the far center side and the near center side of the spiral tunnel and the hole external insertion angle deviation angle can be directly calculated through the model, the construction scheme can be determined according to the calculated parameters, the underground engineering over-under excavation of the spiral expansion line is effectively controlled, and the economy and the timeliness of tunnel construction are guaranteed. The method for realizing the spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction provided by the invention has clear geometric principle and strict derivation formula, and is suitable for blasting drilling construction of road tunnels, railway tunnels, hydraulic tunnels and mining roadways with spiral lines.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 illustrates a method for drilling by blasting spiral tunnels according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a first schematic diagram of a spiral tunnel geometry according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a spiral tunnel geometry in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a third schematic diagram of the spiral tunnel geometry of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction implementation method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, including:
step 1: establishing a spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model and a spiral tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation calculation model through geometric reasoning;
specifically, the difference value delta L between the depth of the telecentric side hole and the depth of the proximal side hole is deduced according to the geometric relation and related to R1And the tunnel cross section width B. And comparing the value of the delta L with a critical value c, and performing grading adjustment on the hole depth of the tunnel. The relation between the tunnel footage L and the spiral tunnel development radius R of beta is determined through a geometrical relation by considering the angle deviation (hole external angular deviation angle) beta caused by the spiral development of the tunnel in the aspect of the external extrapolation angle of the peripheral holes. And adjusting the extrapolation angle in a grading way according to the size of the beta.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the hole depth difference Δ L is a difference between the hole depth of the telecentric side of the spiral tunnel (tunnel center) and the hole depth of the proximal side of the spiral tunnel, and is as follows:
ΔL＝LW-Ln；
wherein, Delta L is the hole depth difference value, LwIs an allowable advance scale on the telecentric side, LnIs an allowance ruler at the proximal side.
Further, the specific process of establishing the spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model through geometric reasoning is as follows: at a certain cyclic footage L, it is known from geometric knowledge that:
wherein R is1The radius of the expansion line at the proximal side of the spiral tunnel and the width of the cross section of the spiral tunnel are B.
The calculation model of the external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel hole is established through geometric reasoning in the following specific process: referring to fig. 4, in the standard circle, the central angle corresponding to an arc may be approximately the ratio of the arc length to the circumference multiplied by 2 pi (approximately the secant length is taken as the arc length), that is:
since the segment AB is the cyclic footage L of the tunnel segment, there are:
the same can be obtained
CO＝R cosθ
And because of
BC+CO＝BO＝R
Therefore, it is
BC＝R-CO＝R(1-cosθ)
Because of the fact that
∠BAC＝β
Substituting into BC and AC to obtain
Therefore, it is
And because of
To obtain
Step 2: acquiring an over under excavation limit value and a geometric parameter of the spiral tunnel to be blasted, and determining a circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the over under excavation limit value and the geometric parameter; respectively determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the cyclic footage value;
specifically, in conjunction with fig. 2, if the conventional and unconventional drilling conditions are the same, that is, the factors of the drilling control level are not considered, the overbreak difference of the spiral tunnel to be blasted can be calculated according to the specifications, and the geometric relationship of fig. 2 can be used to derive the overbreak difference
Since the radius of the spiral tunnel is given by the design, which is a known condition, sw＜[Sw]And sn＜[Sn]The inner and outer circulation footage can be determined. The specific cycle footage determining thought is as follows: according to the limiting standard of overbreak and underrun [ S ]w]、[Sn]Reversely pushing out the allowable advancing rule L at the far and near sidesw、LnSpecifically, the following formula is shown.
Because the depth of the inner and outer blast holes is different and the allowable footage at the proximal side is smaller than that at the distal side, L is usednThe maximum advance length L of the current spiral tunnel and the upper limit of the actual circulating advance length value of the spiral tunnel are LnIn practical engineering, the footage of the spiral tunnel should not be greater than LnAccordingly, blasting overbreak and underbreak can be theoretically and systematically controlled, so that overbreak and underbreak are reduced to the greatest extent from the source. Thus, according to LnAnd taking values of the actual circulating scale feeding value of the spiral tunnel.
And performing error evaluation on the current spiral tunnel project to be blasted, evaluating an error tolerance range for each project, and determining a hole depth critical value and a hole external insertion angle preset deviation angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the circulation footage value after determining a corresponding error range. In this embodiment, the hole depth threshold value c is determined to be the circulation depth value L x (2% to 4%) according to the allowable error values of the plurality of spiral tunnels. In this embodiment, the critical value of the hole depth is taken to be the cycle footage value × 2%. The corresponding first construction adjustment scheme (the adjustment principle of the hole depth around the left and right side walls) is as follows:
when Delta L is less than c, the hole depth is not adjusted
And when the hole depth difference value delta L is larger than or equal to the hole depth critical value c, the depth is adjusted, the distance between the far center side and the near center side is increased by c/2 based on the original depth of the tunnel, and the distance between the near center side and the hole depth is increased by c/2 based on the original depth.
The external insertion angle adjustment at the telecentric side wall of the spiral tunnel is to reduce a certain angle on the basis of the external insertion angle alpha of the conventional tunnel hole so as to reduce the over-excavation phenomenon. Namely:
γfar away＝|α-β|
Wherein, alpha is an external insertion angle, beta is an external hole insertion angle deviation angle caused by the radius of the spiral expansion line, and gamma is an actual angle caused by the superposition of the two.
The external inserting angle at the side wall near the center of the spiral tunnel is adjusted by increasing a certain angle on the basis of the external inserting angle of the conventional tunnel so as to reduce the underexcavation phenomenon. Namely:
γnear to＝|α+β|
Further, the data corresponding to the overbreak and the underbreak of the sizes of the beta under different footings are analyzed and calculated, and the adjustment method can be divided into three stages according to the data corresponding to the overbreak and the underbreak of the sizes of the beta under different footings by combining the table 1.
TABLE 1
The preset angle of the external hole insertion angle of the spiral tunnel can be determined, referring to table 1, the preset deviation angle of the external hole insertion angle is 1 degree in the embodiment. The corresponding second construction adjustment scheme (adjustment principle of hole depth around the left and right side walls) is as follows:
(1) when beta is less than or equal to 1 degree, the footage section can be regarded as a straight line without adjusting the external insertion angle of the peripheral eyes
(2) When beta is more than or equal to 1 degree and less than or equal to 3 degrees, the bending degree of the footage section influences the overbreak and the underexcavation of the tunnel, and corresponding adjustment is carried out.
(3) When the beta is more than or equal to 3 degrees and the curvature of the footage section is larger, not only the external insertion angle is adjusted, but also a long-hole and short-hole combination method is adopted.
And step 3: according to the circulation footage obtained in the step 2, obtaining a hole depth difference value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted based on the spiral tunnel hole depth difference value calculation model; and solving a hole external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the circulation footage value obtained in the step 2 based on the spiral tunnel hole external insertion angle calculation model;
and 4, step 4: comparing the hole depth difference value obtained in the step (3) with the hole depth critical value, and determining a first construction adjustment scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted; and (3) comparing the hole external insertion angle deviation angle obtained in the step (3) with the preset hole external insertion angle deviation angle, and determining a second construction regulation scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: and determining which of the first construction adjustment schemes should be adopted in actual construction according to the comparison between the hole depth difference value obtained in the step 3 and the hole depth critical value, and determining which of the second construction adjustment schemes should be adopted in actual construction according to the comparison between the hole external insertion angle deviation angle obtained in the step 3 and the preset hole external insertion angle deviation angle.
The invention deduces the relation of the first parameter hole depth difference (hole depth difference between the telecentric side and the proximal side) delta L to R through geometric reasoning on the spiral tunnel1And a mathematical calculation model of the tunnel cross section width B; determining a mathematical calculation model of the second parameter hole external deviation angle beta about the tunnel circulation footage L and the spiral tunnel line-spreading radius R through a geometric relation; during specific construction, the circular footage of the spiral tunnel can be reversely deduced, the threshold values of two parameters are determined according to engineering error tolerance, after the hole depth critical value and the deviation set angle beta, the actual hole depth difference value and the actual hole extrapolation angle value of the current spiral tunnel are determined by utilizing two mathematical calculation models based on the circular footage L, and the actual value is compared with the parameter threshold value, so that the construction scheme aiming at the spiral tunnel can be determined; i.e. the hole depth of the tunnel is adjusted in stages by comparing the value of Δ L with the critical value c.And considering the angle deviation beta brought by the spiral development of the tunnel in the aspect of the extrapolation angle of the peripheral holes, and determining the relation of the beta on the tunnel footage L and the spiral tunnel development radius R through a geometric relation. And adjusting the extrapolation angle in a grading way according to the size of the beta. According to the method, the model is analyzed and calculated through clear geometric theory on the underground engineering blasting drill hole of the spiral expansion line, the difference value of the hole depth values of the far center side and the near center side of the spiral tunnel and the hole external insertion angle can be directly calculated through the model, the construction scheme can be determined according to the calculated parameters, the underground engineering over-under excavation of the spiral expansion line is effectively controlled, and the economy and the timeliness of tunnel construction are guaranteed. The method for realizing the spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction provided by the invention has clear geometric principle and strict derivation formula, and is suitable for blasting drilling construction of road tunnels, railway tunnels, hydraulic tunnels and mining roadways with spiral lines.
Example 2
The construction method is determined for a spiral tunnel with a generating line radius of 100m on the proximal side (the calculation method on the distal side is the same as that on the proximal side and is omitted here), wherein the cross section width of the spiral tunnel is 10m, the limit of the over-excavation is 10cm, and the proximal side allowable advancing ruler can be calculated according to the formula:
therefore, the circulation footage should not be larger than 4.47m, so the actual circulation footage is 3m in this embodiment;
then, the theoretical difference value of the peripheral holes on the proximal side and the distal side is 0.28m, and if the C value is 0.06m (two percent of the actual cyclic footage) according to the actual situation of the project, a first construction scheme is determined, and the hole depth of the peripheral holes on the left side wall and the right side wall should be adjusted;
and calculating the hole external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel according to the hole external insertion angle calculation model in the embodiment 1:
and if the available beta is less than 1 degree when the angle is 0.86 degrees, determining a second construction scheme, and if the current footage section is increased, recalculating and verifying whether the adjustment of the angle of the external insertion angle is considered.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for realizing the spiral tunnel blasting drilling construction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a spiral tunnel hole depth difference calculation model and a spiral tunnel hole extrapolation angle deviation calculation model through geometric reasoning;
step 2: acquiring an over under excavation limit value and a geometric parameter of the spiral tunnel to be blasted, and determining a circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the over under excavation limit value and the geometric parameter; respectively determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the cyclic footage value;
and step 3: according to the circulation footage obtained in the step 2, obtaining a hole depth difference value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted based on the spiral tunnel hole depth difference value calculation model; and solving the hole external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the circulation footage value obtained in the step 2 based on the spiral tunnel hole external insertion angle deviation angle calculation model;
and 4, step 4: comparing the hole depth difference value calculated in the step (3) with the hole depth critical value, and determining a first construction adjustment scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted; comparing the deviation angle of the external plugging angle calculated in the step 3 with the preset deviation angle of the external plugging angle to determine a second construction adjustment scheme of the spiral tunnel to be blasted;
wherein, the calculation model of the hole depth difference value of the spiral tunnel is as follows:
wherein, DeltaL is a hole depth difference, R1The radius of the proximal side expansion line of the spiral tunnel; l is the circulation footage of the spiral tunnel, B is the cross section width of the spiral tunnel;
the calculation model of the external insertion angle deviation angle of the spiral tunnel hole comprises the following steps:
wherein beta is the hole external insertion angle deviation angle, L is the cyclic scale value of the spiral tunnel, R1Is the proximal side expansion line radius of the spiral tunnel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises:
step 201, acquiring a near-side out-of-cut limit value and a near-center side line radius of the spiral tunnel to be blasted;
step 202, calculating the near side allowable footage of the spiral tunnel to be blasted according to the near side out-of-cut limit value and the near side line-of-spread radius obtained in the step 201 by using a tunnel near side allowable footage calculation formula; determining the circulating footage value of the spiral tunnel to be blasted by taking the near-side allowable footage as a threshold value of an actual circulating footage value;
and 203, performing error evaluation on the spiral tunnel project of the current to-be-blasted construction, and determining a hole depth critical value and a preset deviation angle of an external hole plugging angle of the spiral tunnel of the to-be-blasted construction based on the circulation footage value.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the tunnel proximal allowable footage calculation is formulated as:
wherein S isnIs the tunnel near side overbreak limit, LnAllowing footage for the tunnel proximal side; r1Is the proximal side expansion line radius of the spiral tunnel.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the hole depth threshold is the cycle depth value x (2% to 4%).
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first construction adjustment scenario comprises:
if the calculated hole depth difference value is smaller than the hole depth critical value, the hole depth is not adjusted;
and if the calculated hole depth difference value is larger than or equal to the hole depth critical value, adjusting the hole depth.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the off-hole extrapolation angle is preset to be a deviation angle of 1 degree.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second construction adjustment scenario comprises:
if beta is less than 1 degree, the angle of the hole external inserting angle is not adjusted;
if the beta is more than or equal to 1 degree and less than 3 degrees, adjusting the external inserting angle of the hole;
if the beta is more than or equal to 3 degrees, adjusting the external insertion angle of the hole by adopting a long and short hole combination method;
wherein β is the calculated hole extrapolation angle deviation angle.
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