CN111392019B - Clean ship power system who discharges - Google Patents
Clean ship power system who discharges Download PDFInfo
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- CN111392019B CN111392019B CN202010226887.1A CN202010226887A CN111392019B CN 111392019 B CN111392019 B CN 111392019B CN 202010226887 A CN202010226887 A CN 202010226887A CN 111392019 B CN111392019 B CN 111392019B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The utility model provides a ship power system of clean emission, has ammonia liquefaction system, ammonia conveying system and ammonia fuel host computer, and the pipe of discharging fume of ammonia fuel host computer is connected with the flue gas blender, and in the tail gas that the ammonia fuel host computer discharged got into the flue gas blender, the flue gas blender was connected with the SCR reactor, and the ammonia fuel host computer still is connected with ammonia fuel supply system. The ammonia fuel supply system is provided with a liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, a liquid ammonia low-pressure pump is arranged in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump pumps out the liquid ammonia, and the liquid ammonia is delivered to the ammonia fuel host machine through a liquid ammonia daily tank, a liquid ammonia adding pump, a first valve, a liquid ammonia heater and a liquid ammonia supply buffer tank. The invention provides a system adopting ammonia as ship power fuel, because the ammonia does not contain sulfur and carbon elements, the combustion products are only nitrogen and water, and are main components of air, and the discharged tail gas does not contain sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide, thereby having the characteristics of cleanness and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ship construction and ship design, in particular to a ship power system with clean fuel and clean emission.
Background
The exhaust gas of the conventional fuel oil powered ship contains a large amount of carbon dioxide, oxysulfide, nitric oxide and the like, and the emission of the gases causes serious pollution such as greenhouse gas effect, photochemical smog, acid rain and the like, thereby endangering the global climate and the human living health. The international maritime organization of the IMO sets corresponding emission control laws and regulations aiming at the ship tail gas emission respectively so as to reduce the pollution emission in the ship tail gas.
Regarding carbon dioxide emissions:
the global warming phenomenon is intensified at present, so that extreme climate phenomena and natural disasters around the world are frequent, and the main cause of the phenomenon is greenhouse gas emission represented by CO 2. In the field of ship shipping, the latest EEDI standard for carbon emission is also set by the international maritime organization IMO, and over time, the standard puts higher demands on ship design, ship corollary equipment, new energy technology application and the like.
Regarding sulfur oxide emissions:
from 1 month 2020, IMO International maritime organization regulates that the sulfur content of global marine fuel cannot exceed 0.5%, and in the specified emission control ECA zone, a stricter 0.1% sulfur content limit is implemented to reduce the emission of sulfur oxides in marine exhaust gas and improve the air quality to protect the environment. The main current countermeasures are: firstly, expensive 0.1 percent of light diesel oil MGO for ships or ultra-low sulfur fuel oil ULSFO is adopted; secondly, adopting cheap HFO fuel oil, and installing expensive tail gas washing tower equipment; and thirdly, the liquefied natural gas LNG is used as a fuel for replacing the ship, and expensive liquefied natural gas storage and supply equipment is matched.
With regard to nitrogen oxide emissions:
for all ships built in 2016, 1 month, 1 day and later, and coming to and going from emission control areas in north america, caribbean and the like, the emission standard of nitrogen oxides in IMO Tier III needs to be met, and compared with the emission standard of nitrogen oxides in IMO Tier II, the emission standard of nitrogen oxides in ship exhaust needs to be reduced by about 76%, which causes great challenge to the design of ship engines. The current mainstream countermeasures are mainly to adopt a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system or an air recirculation (EGR) system.
Ammonia (-33.6 ℃, 1 atmosphere pressure, liquid state) is an important chemical raw material, and has wide application in the fields of chemical medicine and pesticide, national defense industry, metallurgical industry and the like, and as early as the 20 th century in the 60 th, engines using ammonia as fuel have been practically applied in the fields of automobiles, ships, space rockets and the like. Ammonia is stored and transported in a liquid state, has mature application on land, can be used as fuel for combustion, is only nitrogen and water as the combustion product because the combustion product contains no sulfur, does not have the problems of carbon emission and sulfur emission, and is clean fuel. At present, German Man group develops a dual-fuel low-speed host machine capable of burning liquid ammonia fuel, liquid ammonia with the pressure of 70bar is sprayed into a cylinder for burning, and the ship application of the machine type can realize zero-carbon and zero-sulfur emission of a propulsion system of a ship host machine, and has environmental protection value.
However, the ammonia fuel low-speed host adopts a diesel cycle, the exhaust gas discharged by the ammonia fuel low-speed host still contains nitrogen oxides such as NO, NO2 and the like, and does not meet the discharge standard of IMO tier III for the nitrogen oxides, aiming at the situation, the traditional method is to additionally increase a set of host exhaust gas after-treatment device SCR reactor device, the SCR reactor device is mixed with the exhaust gas in a urea spraying mode, the mixed gas passes through the SCR reactor and undergoes a reduction reaction under a catalyst, the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are reduced into N2, the reaction additionally generates CO2 and water, and the exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere; however, in the treatment mode, an additional urea storage, injection, cleaning, soot blowing and other systems are needed, and the CO2 is doped in the tail gas after reaction because urea is used as a reducing agent, so that the tail gas of the engine treats nitrogen oxides, but the emission cannot achieve zero-carbon emission.
The ammonia fuel used by the ammonia fuel engine is stored in a liquid state on the ship to save fuel storage space. According to the requirements of ship type, ship size, endurance and the like, liquid ammonia storage tanks with different volumes, different types and different design pressures are adopted, and the liquid ammonia storage tanks are generally divided into a semi-cold semi-pressure type (design temperature is minus 40 ℃, design pressure is 4-10 barg, and the type C storage tank) and a fully-cold type (design temperature is minus 40 ℃, design pressure is 0.7barg, and the type B storage tank or a film type storage tank). Liquid ammonia is volatile, has the toxicity, because the continuous infiltration of external heat liquid ammonia fuel storage tank leads to liquid ammonia constantly to volatilize, and the ammonia of volatilizing is gathered in the fuel storage tank, will lead to storage tank pressure to rise, if not handle ammonia in time and volatilize gas, will lead to the relief valve to take off the jump accident, liquid ammonia fuel storage tank structural damage even.
In conclusion, the ammonia fuel is used as the power fuel for the ship, the combustion product of the ammonia fuel does not contain sulfur oxide and carbon dioxide, and the ammonia fuel has the characteristic of environmental protection, but the tail gas of the ammonia fuel engine developed by MAN company still generates nitrogen oxide. Therefore, a set of ship power system which is zero in carbon dioxide and sulfur oxide emission and takes liquid ammonia as fuel needs to be developed, so that the exhaust tail gas meets the three-level emission standard of IMO tier III nitrogen oxide, and the clean emission of the ship power system is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a clean-emission ship power system, which aims to achieve the purposes that a main engine does not generate carbon dioxide, oxysulfide and other pollution gases in the working process, and the tail gas emitted by the main engine meets the three-level emission standard of IMO tier III nitric oxide, so as to achieve clean emission, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
the ship power system with clean emission comprises an ammonia liquefaction system, an ammonia gas conveying system and an ammonia fuel main machine, wherein a smoke exhaust pipe of the ammonia fuel main machine is connected with a smoke mixer, tail gas emitted by the ammonia fuel main machine enters the smoke mixer, the smoke mixer is connected with an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) reactor, and the ammonia fuel main machine is further connected with an ammonia fuel supply system. The invention provides a system adopting ammonia as ship power fuel, because the ammonia does not contain sulfur and carbon elements, the combustion products are only nitrogen and water, and are main components of air, and the discharged tail gas does not contain sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide, thereby having the characteristics of cleanness and environmental protection.
Ammonia fuel feed system has liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, have the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, the buffer tank is supplied with to liquid ammonia low-pressure pump pumps liquid ammonia, through daily jar of liquid ammonia, liquid ammonia booster pump, first valve, liquid ammonia heater, liquid ammonia, carries for ammonia fuel host computer. According to the invention, a fuel supply pressure of 50bar is established by the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump and the liquid ammonia booster pump, liquid ammonia is pumped out from the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, is conveyed to the liquid ammonia heater through the first valve, the temperature of the liquid ammonia fuel is regulated by the liquid ammonia heater to reach the supply temperature of 45 +/-10 ℃ required by the ammonia fuel host, and the heated ammonia fuel is supplied to the host for use. A liquid ammonia supply buffer tank is arranged between the liquid ammonia heater and the ammonia fuel host, and the pressure of the buffer system fluctuates.
The ammonia gas delivery system is characterized in that the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump pumps out liquid ammonia from the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, delivers the liquid ammonia to the liquid ammonia evaporator, treats the liquid ammonia with an ammonia gas buffer tank and an ammonia gas heater, delivers the liquid ammonia to the flue gas mixer through a pipeline, and mixes the liquid ammonia with tail gas. Low-temperature liquid ammonia is pumped out by a low-pressure pump and is conveyed to a liquid ammonia evaporator for evaporation to form low-temperature ammonia, the low-temperature ammonia enters an ammonia heater for heating through a pipeline and an ammonia gas buffer tank, heat required by the ammonia heater is supplied by steam of a main boiler, and the ammonia heater has high temperature requirement, so that the low-temperature ammonia is directly heated by the steam of the main boiler.
High-temperature ammonia gas formed by heating through an ammonia heater enters a flue gas mixer, is mixed with tail gas discharged by a host and compressed air, mixed gas after uniform mixing enters an SCR reactor, and clean gas is formed and discharged to the atmosphere after the SCR reactor is treated. Although clean and environment-friendly ammonia is used as fuel, the tail gas generated by the ammonia fuel host still contains nitrogen oxides such as NO, NO2 and the like, and does not meet the emission standard of IMO tier III for the nitrogen oxides. Aiming at the situation, the invention adopts high-temperature ammonia gas as a reducing agent of the SCR reactor to replace the traditional urea solid particles. The ammonia gas is uniformly diffused, does not contain solid impurities, does not need a water cleaning system, and is more fully mixed with the flue gas, so the volume of the flue gas mixer can be greatly reduced, the flue gas mixer and the SCR reactor are arranged on the tail gas exhaust pipe of the ammonia fuel host, the flue gas mixer can pre-mix the tail gas, the compressed air and the high-temperature ammonia gas, and the SCR reactor can realize the reduction reaction of the high-temperature ammonia gas and the nitrogen oxides in the tail gas, thereby realizing clean emission.
The ammonia liquefaction system is provided with an ammonia compressor, ammonia volatile gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank flows into the ammonia compressor through a pipeline, the ammonia compressor is respectively connected with the ammonia gas buffer tank and an ammonia precooler through pipelines, the ammonia precooler is connected with an ammonia liquefaction device, and the ammonia liquefaction device is connected with the ammonia fuel storage tank through a pipeline to form a loop. The ammonia gas liquefaction system can fully guarantee the safety of the whole power system, when excessive ammonia gas is generated in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, and when an engine is stopped or the engine tail gas treatment system cannot be completely consumed, the volatilized ammonia gas is compressed into liquid ammonia through the ammonia gas compressor and the ammonia gas liquefaction device, and is conveyed back to the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank through the pipeline. By arranging the ammonia pre-cooler, the power consumption of the ammonia liquefying device can be reduced, and the heat supply of the liquid ammonia heater can be reduced. Through the ammonia liquefaction device, reduce the gaseous phase pressure in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, guarantee system safety. The gas in the ammonia gas buffer tank comes from two parts, one part comes from an ammonia gas compressor, and the other part comes from a liquid ammonia evaporator.
The ammonia gas pre-cooler is characterized in that a first valve is arranged between the liquid ammonia booster pump and the liquid ammonia heater, the ammonia gas pre-cooler is connected with the first valve in parallel, a second valve is arranged between the liquid ammonia booster pump and the ammonia gas pre-cooler, a third valve is arranged between the ammonia gas pre-cooler and the liquid ammonia heater, a fourth valve is arranged between the ammonia gas compressor and the ammonia gas buffer tank, and a fifth valve is arranged between the ammonia gas compressor and the ammonia gas pre-cooler. According to different running conditions of the power system, the running of the power system is switched and controlled by adjusting the valve.
The liquid ammonia fuel storage tank provided by the invention can provide fuel for the ammonia fuel host, can also provide ammonia gas for the tail gas treatment device, and is also provided with the ammonia gas liquefaction system, so that the safety of the ship in the operation process is ensured.
In the ship power system with clean emission, the flue gas mixer is connected with a compressed air system, the compressed air system is provided with an air compressor and a buffer tank, the air compressor is respectively connected with the buffer tank and a soot blower through pipelines, the soot blower is connected with the SCR reactor, and the buffer tank is connected with the flue gas mixer. A compressed air system is provided to provide sufficient oxygen for the SCR reactor.
In the clean-emission marine power system, the main shaft of the ammonia fuel main engine is connected with a gear box, and the gear box is connected with a shaft generator. Because only the main engine can adopt ammonia fuel, the invention arranges a gear box on the main shaft of the main engine, is connected to a shaft generator, realizes the power generation of the ammonia fuel by utilizing the abundant power of the main engine, and supplies the power to the ship power grid, thereby solving the problem of the power demand of the ship without configuring other fuel generators.
In the above clean exhaust marine power system, further, the second valve, the ammonia gas pre-cooler and the third valve are connected in parallel with the first valve.
In the ship power system with clean emission, further, heat released by water in a main engine boiler or a main engine cylinder sleeve is supplied to the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater through a water glycol heat exchange medium by a water glycol heater and a water glycol circulating pump. The heat released by the main boiler or the main cylinder sleeve water is provided for the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater, the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater of the liquid ammonia supply system share a water-glycol circulation heating system, and a water-glycol circulation pump is arranged in a water-glycol circulation pipeline.
In the marine power system with clean emission, cold energy released by the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater is further provided for a main engine boiler or main engine cylinder liner water. The liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater adopt water glycol as an intermediate heat exchange medium, heat released by cylinder jacket water of the host machine or boiler steam is transferred to the water glycol heat exchange medium, and the high-temperature water glycol heat exchange medium exchanges heat at the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater to provide heat for the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater and supply energy for the operation of the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater. Cold energy released by the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater is transferred to the water-ethylene glycol heat exchange medium, and after heat exchange, the low-temperature water-ethylene glycol heat exchange medium returns to supply energy to the main boiler or the main cylinder sleeve water.
According to the ship power system with clean emission, a pressure regulating valve bank is further arranged between the liquid ammonia supply buffer tank and the ammonia fuel main machine. The pressure regulating valve group realizes the regulation of the fuel supply pressure of the main engine.
The ship power system for clean discharge is characterized in that a pressure reducing valve is arranged between the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump and the liquid ammonia evaporator. The liquid ammonia pumped from the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank is depressurized to 6bar by a pressure reducing valve.
In the ship power system with clean emission, a flow regulating valve is further arranged between the ammonia gas heater and the flue gas mixer. And after the flow of the ammonia gas is regulated by the flow regulating valve, the ammonia gas is sprayed into the flue gas mixer and is fully mixed with tail gas discharged by the engine.
The invention has the beneficial effects that 1, liquid ammonia is adopted as the fuel of the propulsion system of the marine main engine, and the ammonia fuel does not contain sulfur, so that zero sulfur emission is realized. The tail gas emission of the liquid ammonia fuel power system only contains nitrogen and water, so that the liquid ammonia fuel power system is very clean and has great environmental protection benefit.
2. The invention adopts ammonia gas as a reducing agent, and saves urea raw materials and systems for storing, spraying, cleaning and the like compared with the traditional SCR denitrification mode. Because the ammonia mixes more evenly with the tail gas, the flue gas blender size reduces greatly.
3. The invention fully utilizes the volatile gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, is preferably applied to the tail gas denitrification treatment of the ammonia fuel host, and is provided with the ammonia gas liquefying device as a supplement means for the ammonia volatile gas treatment, so that the whole treatment of the volatile gas in the liquid ammonia storage tank can be realized, the pressure rise and the structural damage of the liquid ammonia storage tank caused by the continuous accumulation of the ammonia volatile gas are avoided, the emission of a large amount of ammonia volatile gas to the atmosphere is avoided, and the safety of the liquid ammonia storage tank and a ship is ensured.
4. According to the invention, the ammonia gas pre-cooler is arranged in front of the ammonia gas liquefying device, and the ammonia volatile gas is pre-cooled by using cold energy carried by liquid ammonia fuel at the outlet of the liquid ammonia booster pump, so that the power consumption of the ammonia gas liquefying device can be reduced; meanwhile, as the temperature of the liquid ammonia fuel at the outlet of the booster pump is increased, the heat supply requirement of the liquid ammonia heater is further reduced, and finally the heat source consumption of the ship is saved.
5. The invention realizes the integration of a liquid ammonia fuel supply system and an ammonia fuel engine tail gas denitrification system, simplifies the configuration of system equipment by means of a common liquid ammonia low-pressure pump, a water glycol circulating system and the like, and has compact system design.
6. The invention adopts the scheme that the liquid ammonia fuel host is matched with the gear box and the shaft generator, realizes the power supply of the ship, does not adopt a fuel oil or other fuel generators, and further ensures the clean discharge of a power system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the powertrain configuration of the present invention;
wherein: 1-liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, 2-liquid ammonia low-pressure pump, 3-liquid ammonia daily tank, 4-liquid ammonia booster pump, 5-liquid ammonia evaporator, 6-liquid ammonia heater, 7-liquid ammonia supply buffer tank, 8-pressure regulating valve bank, 9-pressure reducing valve, 10-ammonia gas buffer tank, 11-ammonia heater, 12-ammonia precooler, 13-flow regulating valve, 14-flue gas mixer, 15-SCR reactor, 16-ammonia compressor, 17-ammonia liquefaction device, 18-water glycol circulating pump, 19-ammonia fuel host, 20-gear box, 21-axial generator, 22-water glycol heater, 23-host boiler, 24-soot blower, 25-air compressor, 26-buffer tank, etc, 27-first valve, 28-second valve, 29-third valve, 30-fourth valve, 31-fifth valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings, and the ship power system with clean emission shown in figure 1 comprises an ammonia liquefaction system, an ammonia gas conveying system, an ammonia fuel supply system and an ammonia fuel host, wherein the ammonia fuel host 19 is connected with a flue gas mixer and the ammonia fuel supply system, and the flue gas mixer 14 is connected with an SCR reactor 15 and a compressed air system. The compressed air system is provided with an air compressor 25 and a buffer tank 26, the air compressor is respectively connected with one end of the buffer tank and one end of a soot blower 24 through pipelines, the other end of the soot blower is connected with the SCR reactor, and the other end of the buffer tank is connected with the flue gas mixer. The main shaft of the ammonia fuel main engine is connected with a gear box 20, and the gear box is connected with a shaft generator 21.
The ammonia fuel supply system is provided with a liquid ammonia fuel storage tank 1, a liquid ammonia low-pressure pump 2 is arranged in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, and the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump is sequentially connected with a liquid ammonia daily tank 3, a liquid ammonia booster pump 4, a first valve 27, a liquid ammonia heater 6, a liquid ammonia supply buffer tank 7, a pressure regulating valve group 8 and an ammonia fuel host through pipelines. The liquid ammonia supply buffer tank buffers system pressure fluctuation.
Liquid ammonia is pumped out from a liquid ammonia fuel storage tank by a liquid ammonia low-pressure pump and is conveyed to a liquid ammonia evaporator 5, the liquid ammonia evaporator is sequentially connected with an ammonia gas buffer tank 10 and an ammonia gas heater 11, and the ammonia gas heater is connected with a flue gas mixer to form an ammonia gas conveying system. A pressure reducing valve 9 is also arranged between the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump and the liquid ammonia evaporator, and a flow regulating valve 13 is arranged between the ammonia heater and the flue gas mixer. The ammonia heater is connected with the main boiler 23, and the heat required by the ammonia heater is from the steam of the main boiler.
The ammonia liquefaction system is provided with an ammonia compressor 16, ammonia volatile gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank flows into the ammonia compressor through a pipeline, the ammonia compressor is respectively connected with an ammonia gas buffer tank 10 and an ammonia precooler 12 through pipelines, a fourth valve 30 is arranged between the ammonia compressor and the ammonia gas buffer tank, and a fifth valve 31 is arranged between the ammonia compressor and the ammonia precooler. The other end of the ammonia gas precooler is connected with an ammonia gas liquefying device 17, and the ammonia gas liquefying device is connected with an ammonia fuel storage tank through a pipeline to form a loop.
The liquid ammonia booster pump is connected with one end of the ammonia precooler, the other end of the ammonia precooler is connected with the liquid ammonia heater, a second valve 28 is arranged between the liquid ammonia booster pump and the ammonia precooler, and a third valve 29 is arranged between the ammonia precooler and the liquid ammonia heater.
The liquid ammonia evaporator is connected with a water glycol circulating pump 18, a water glycol heater 22 and a main boiler through pipelines to form circulation, and a water glycol heat exchange medium flows in the circulation. The liquid ammonia heater is connected with the main boiler through a water glycol circulating pump and a water glycol heater to form circulation, and a water glycol heat exchange medium flows in the circulation. The liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater share one water glycol circulating pump, and heat exchange circulation is well realized.
Example 1
When the ship runs, the ammonia gas volatile gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank is less than or basically equal to the ammonia gas demand in tail gas treatment, the first valve and the fourth valve are opened, and the second valve, the third valve and the liquid ammonia evaporator are closed. The amount of volatile gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank is too much, and when the ammonia fuel engine tail gas is treated and the ammonia demand is small, the situation can occur under the working conditions that the volume of the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank is too large, the cold insulation effect of the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank is poor, the running environment of a ship is severe or a host is in a sure II running mode and does not need to perform tail gas denitrification treatment.
Through the ammonia fuel supply system, low-temperature liquid ammonia passes through the liquid ammonia daily tank and the liquid ammonia booster pump in sequence, after the delivery pressure is pressurized to 70bar through the liquid ammonia booster pump, the liquid ammonia is delivered to the liquid ammonia heater through the first valve to be heated, liquid ammonia fuel with the temperature of 45 +/-10 ℃ is formed, the liquid ammonia fuel with the temperature of 45 +/-10 ℃ is provided for the ammonia fuel host, and the power system is enabled to operate.
Liquid ammonia fuel with the delivery pressure of 18bar is decompressed to 6bar through a decompression valve before entering a liquid ammonia evaporator, the decompressed liquid ammonia fuel enters the liquid ammonia evaporator to be evaporated to form low-temperature ammonia, the low-temperature ammonia enters an ammonia gas buffer tank to be buffered and then enters an ammonia gas heater to be heated to form high-temperature ammonia, and the finally formed high-temperature ammonia is delivered into a flue gas mixer to be used for treating tail gas discharged by a host. In the flue gas mixer, the tail gas discharged by the main engine, high-temperature ammonia gas and air are uniformly mixed and then enter the SCR reactor for reaction, and finally, the discharged gas meeting the requirements is formed and discharged to the atmosphere.
And the fourth valve is opened, and the ammonia gas volatilized in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank enters the ammonia gas buffer tank through the fourth valve after passing through the ammonia compressor, passes through the ammonia gas conveying system, and finally enters the flue gas mixer for treating tail gas.
Heat generated by the main boiler or the main cylinder liner water in the working process is supplied to the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater through the water glycol circulating pump and is used for working of the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater; and the cold energy released by the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater during working can be provided for the main engine boiler and the main engine cylinder liner water.
Example 2
When the amount of the volatile gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank is too much and exceeds the amount of the volatile gas required by tail gas treatment, the second valve, the third valve and the fifth valve are opened, the first valve and the fourth valve are closed, and the fifth valve is opened to start the ammonia liquefaction system. This kind of condition can take place in liquid ammonia fuel storage tank volume too big, liquid ammonia fuel storage tank cold preservation effect is poor, boats and ships operating environment is abominable or the host computer is in the operating mode of sure II and need not to carry out operating mode such as tail gas denitrogenation processing. Volatilizing ammonia gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, passing through an ammonia compressor, entering an ammonia precooler through a fifth valve, carrying out heat exchange at the ammonia precooler, carrying out precooling on ammonia, entering an ammonia liquefying device from the cooled ammonia, liquefying to form liquid ammonia, and returning to the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank through a pipeline.
And the heat exchange of the volatilized ammonia gas at the ammonia gas precooler is carried out with low-temperature liquid ammonia which passes through a liquid ammonia daily tank, a liquid ammonia booster pump and a second valve in an ammonia fuel supply system, the liquid ammonia after heat exchange enters a liquid ammonia heater through a third valve, and finally liquid ammonia fuel with the temperature of 45 +/-10 ℃ is formed and supplied to an ammonia fuel host machine, so that the power system is operated. And (5) normally operating the ammonia gas conveying system.
Claims (9)
1. A clean-draining marine power system, characterized by: the ammonia fuel system comprises an ammonia liquefaction system, an ammonia gas conveying system and an ammonia fuel host, wherein a smoke exhaust pipe of the ammonia fuel host (19) is connected with a smoke mixer (14), tail gas discharged by the ammonia fuel host enters the smoke mixer, the smoke mixer (14) is connected with an SCR reactor (15), and the ammonia fuel host is also connected with an ammonia fuel supply system;
the ammonia fuel supply system is provided with a liquid ammonia fuel storage tank (1), a liquid ammonia low-pressure pump (2) is arranged in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, and the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump pumps out liquid ammonia, passes through a liquid ammonia daily tank (3), a liquid ammonia booster pump (4), a first valve (27), a liquid ammonia heater (6) and a liquid ammonia supply buffer tank (7) and is conveyed to an ammonia fuel host;
the ammonia gas delivery system is characterized in that the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump pumps out liquid ammonia from the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank, delivers the liquid ammonia to the liquid ammonia evaporator (5), treats the liquid ammonia by the liquid ammonia evaporator, treats the liquid ammonia by the ammonia gas buffer tank and the ammonia gas heater (11), delivers the liquid ammonia to the flue gas mixer through a pipeline, and mixes the liquid ammonia with tail gas;
the ammonia gas liquefaction system is provided with an ammonia gas compressor (16), ammonia gas volatile gas in the liquid ammonia fuel storage tank flows into the ammonia gas compressor through a pipeline, the ammonia gas compressor is respectively connected with the ammonia gas buffer tank (10) and an ammonia gas precooler (12) through pipelines, the ammonia gas precooler is connected with an ammonia gas liquefaction device (17), and the ammonia gas liquefaction device is connected with the ammonia fuel storage tank through a pipeline to form a loop;
a first valve is arranged between the liquid ammonia booster pump and the liquid ammonia heater, the ammonia precooler is connected with the first valve in parallel, a second valve is arranged between the liquid ammonia booster pump and the ammonia precooler, a third valve is arranged between the ammonia precooler and the liquid ammonia heater, a fourth valve (30) is arranged between the ammonia compressor and the ammonia gas buffer tank, and a fifth valve (31) is arranged between the ammonia compressor and the ammonia precooler.
2. A clean-draining marine power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the flue gas mixer is connected with a compressed air system, the compressed air system is provided with an air compressor (25) and a buffer tank (26), the air compressor is respectively connected with the buffer tank and a soot blower (24) through a pipeline, the soot blower is connected with the SCR reactor, and the buffer tank is connected with the flue gas mixer.
3. A clean-draining marine power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the main shaft of the ammonia fuel main engine is connected with a gear box (20), and the gear box is connected with a shaft generator (21).
4. A clean-draining marine power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second valve (28), the ammonia gas pre-cooler and the third valve (29) are connected with the first valve in parallel.
5. A clean-draining marine power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat released by the main boiler or the main cylinder sleeve water passes through a water glycol heater (22) and a water glycol circulating pump (18) and is respectively supplied to the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater through a water glycol heat exchange medium.
6. A clean-draining marine power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cold energy released by the liquid ammonia evaporator and the liquid ammonia heater is provided for a main engine boiler (23) or main engine cylinder liner water.
7. A clean-draining marine power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a pressure regulating valve group (8) is arranged between the liquid ammonia supply buffer tank and the ammonia fuel host.
8. A clean-draining marine power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a pressure reducing valve (9) is arranged between the liquid ammonia low-pressure pump and the liquid ammonia evaporator.
9. A clean-draining marine power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a flow regulating valve (13) is arranged between the ammonia heater and the flue gas mixer.
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