CN113446134A - Gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure - Google Patents
Gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113446134A CN113446134A CN202110666405.9A CN202110666405A CN113446134A CN 113446134 A CN113446134 A CN 113446134A CN 202110666405 A CN202110666405 A CN 202110666405A CN 113446134 A CN113446134 A CN 113446134A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
- F02M21/0239—Pressure or flow regulators therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
A gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure belongs to the technical field of novel ammonia fuel engines. The invention solves the problem that the injection pressure is unstable in a highly vaporized state when the existing ammonia fuel enters the engine in a gaseous state. A switching valve and a first pressure reducing valve are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ammonia bottle and the heating vaporization cavity, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the heating vaporization cavity and the pressure surge cavity, a second pressure reducing valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the pressure surge cavity and the ammonia rail, a heating resistor is arranged outside the heating vaporization cavity, a first pressure sensor is arranged in the pressure surge cavity, and the electromagnetic valve, the first pressure sensor and the ammonia injection valve are respectively and electrically connected with an ECU controller. Through the automatic control to highly vaporized ammonia pressure, can realize gaseous ammonia fuel supply in injection pressure stable controllable and adjustable, the effectual injection pressure that exists that solves in the ammonia supply is unstable and the phenomenon of being difficult to control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure, and belongs to the technical field of novel ammonia fuel engines.
Background
With the decreasing reserves of fossil energy, the increasing severity of greenhouse effect, and the stricter emission regulations, there is an increasing interest in clean, carbon-free, sustainable alternative energy, and the global energy structure is shifting towards cleaner, lower carbon fuels. Ammonia fuel is receiving more and more attention as a good carrier of hydrogen, and the ammonia fuel can be completely combusted without generating greenhouse gases of carbon dioxide and particles, has high hydrogen content and is a green energy carrier with a very prospect. The energy density is equivalent to methanol and dimethyl ether, and the volume energy density is 33 percent higher than that of liquefied hydrogen. Currently, ammonia is widely used in fertilizers or as a raw material for synthesizing fertilizers, has a good basic measure in production, treatment, storage and distribution, and is considered as a commercial energy source with great commercial possibility. In addition, the ammonia fuel has the characteristic of high octane number, the octane number of the ammonia fuel is larger than 111, and the knocking phenomenon in the internal combustion engine can be effectively inhibited, so that the ammonia fuel engine can have a higher compression ratio. And the ammonia is a sustainable energy source, can utilize renewable energy sources such as wind energy or solar energy and the like, and adopts hydrogen and nitrogen to synthesize the ammonia fuel. But ammonia-fueled engines also face a number of challenges.
Firstly, the latent heat of vaporization is high, compared with the currently applied fuel, the latent heat of vaporization of ammonia is the highest, if ammonia is injected into a cylinder in a liquid state, the ammonia absorbs heat in the vaporization process, the temperature in the cylinder is obviously reduced, and the combustion temperature is reduced, so that the ammonia fuel gas is a feasible solution. The second is the high minimum ignition energy, which is the highest of all fuels, so successful ignition of ammonia requires a spark plug or a micro-ignition means. Besides, the ammonia fuel also faces the challenges of low flame propagation speed, high natural temperature, narrow flammability limit, potential high nitrogen oxide emission and the like. The ammonia fuel has strong corrosivity and toxicity, researches show that ammonia has a corrosive effect on copper, nickel and alloys thereof and rubber-based products, when the ammonia fuel enters an engine in a gaseous state, the phenomenon that the injection pressure is unstable and difficult to control exists in a highly vaporized state, the unstable ammonia injection pressure can cause incomplete combustion of the ammonia fuel engine and ammonia leakage, and in addition, many inconveniences are brought to the research work of the ammonia fuel engine, and the researches are not wanted. It is therefore desirable to develop a gaseous ammonia fuel supply system that is capable of stabilizing injection pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the injection pressure is unstable in a highly vaporized state when ammonia fuel enters an engine in a gaseous state in the prior art, and further provides a gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure comprises an ECU controller, an ammonia cylinder, a heating vaporization cavity, a pressure surge cavity, an ammonia gas rail and an ammonia gas injection valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein a switching valve and a first pressure reducing valve are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ammonia cylinder and the heating vaporization cavity, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the heating vaporization cavity and the pressure surge cavity, a second pressure reducing valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the pressure surge cavity and the ammonia gas rail, a heating resistor is arranged outside the heating vaporization cavity, a first pressure sensor is arranged in the pressure surge cavity, and the electromagnetic valve, the first pressure sensor and the ammonia gas injection valve are respectively and electrically connected with the ECU controller.
Further, a heat preservation resistor is arranged outside the pressure surge cavity.
Further, a pressure release valve is arranged on the heating vaporization cavity.
Furthermore, the ammonia gas rail is provided with a temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor.
Further, the temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are both electrically connected with the ECU controller.
Further, a heating belt is arranged outside the ammonia gas rail.
Further, the pressure after the second pressure reducing valve is not lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the ammonia gas at the corresponding temperature of the ammonia gas rail.
Furthermore, the pipelines are all seamless steel pipes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
this application is through the automatic control to high vaporization ammonia pressure, and injection pressure's stability is controllable and adjustable in can realizing gaseous ammonia fuel supply, and the injection pressure that exists is unstable and the phenomenon that is difficult to control in the effectual solution ammonia supply, and entire system has and arranges simply, and control is accurate, and the reaction is sensitive, and the air feed is stable, advantages such as real-time supervision.
The pressure surge chamber is added after the vaporization chamber is heated to sufficiently alleviate the phenomenon that the pressure of highly vaporized ammonia is unstable.
The ammonia in the pressure surge cavity is in a high vaporization state, the pressure is in a higher state, and the temperature and the pressure in the cavity are matched with those in the secondary decompression state, so that the phenomenon of liquefaction of the ammonia after decompression is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system components of the present application.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and a gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure comprises an ECU controller 16, an ammonia gas cylinder 1, a heating vaporization chamber 4, a pressure surge chamber 8, an ammonia gas rail 12 and an ammonia gas injection valve 15 which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein a switching valve 2 and a first pressure reducing valve 3 are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ammonia gas cylinder 1 and the heating vaporization chamber 4, an electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the heating vaporization chamber 4 and the pressure surge chamber 8, a second pressure reducing valve 11 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the pressure surge chamber 8 and the ammonia gas rail 12, a heating resistor 6 is arranged outside the heating vaporization chamber 4, a first pressure sensor 9 is arranged inside the pressure surge chamber 8, and the electromagnetic valve 7, the first pressure sensor 9 and the ammonia gas injection valve 15 are respectively and electrically connected with the ECU controller 16.
The electromagnetic valve 7 is a one-way valve.
The pressure surge chamber 8 is a cavity structure and mainly realizes the function of stabilizing the pressure.
The valves referred to in this application all employ valves specific to ammonia.
The ammonia gas is stored in a low-pressure liquefied gas state (25 ℃, 1.03bar) at normal temperature, and the heating vaporization chamber 4 is arranged to increase the pressure so as to enable the ammonia gas to reach a higher pressure state, thereby obtaining vaporized ammonia and higher injection pressure.
The ammonia has high latent heat of vaporization (1370kJ/kg), sets up heating vaporization chamber 4 and vaporizes liquid ammonia, prevents to exist among the prior art because of the pipeline that the vaporization process absorbed a large amount of heat and causes freezes the jam problem, and then prevents to produce the influence to the combustion process of internal-combustion engine.
This application is through the automatic control to high vaporization ammonia pressure, and injection pressure's stability is controllable and adjustable in can realizing gaseous ammonia fuel supply, and the injection pressure that exists is unstable and the phenomenon that is difficult to control in the effectual solution ammonia supply, and entire system has and arranges simply, and control is accurate, and the reaction is sensitive, and the air feed is stable, advantages such as real-time supervision.
The pressure surge chamber 8 is added after the vaporization chamber 4 is heated to sufficiently alleviate the phenomenon that the pressure of highly vaporized ammonia is unstable.
The ammonia in the pressure surge cavity 8 is in a high vaporization state, the pressure is in a higher state, and the temperature and the pressure in the cavity are matched with those in the first-stage decompression state, so that the phenomenon of liquefaction of the ammonia after decompression is avoided.
The second pressure reducing valve 11 is arranged to further regulate the pressure of the ammonia gas so as to realize stable pressure supply.
The opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 7 are controlled by the signal fed back by the first pressure sensor 9 in the pressure surge cavity 8, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically adjusting the pressure.
The working principle is as follows:
firstly, opening a switch valve 2, and then leading the higher-pressure liquid ammonia in an ammonia gas bottle 1 to enter a heating vaporization cavity 4 for heating vaporization after passing through an ammonia gas special pressure reducing valve, so that the ammonia reaches a high-pressure highly vaporized state, and the temperature and the pressure of the ammonia gas are both in the highest state of the whole pressure supply period;
the highly vaporized ammonia gas enters a pressure surge cavity 8 through an electromagnetic valve 7, a pressure range required by the pressure surge cavity 8 is set in an ECU controller 16, a first pressure sensor 9 in the pressure surge cavity 8 collects the pressure in the pressure surge cavity and transmits the pressure to the ECU controller 16, and when the pressure in the pressure surge cavity 8 is lower than the lower limit of the set pressure range, the ECU controller 16 controls the electromagnetic valve 7 to be opened, and the heating vaporization cavity 4 is used for pressure supplement; when the pressure is higher than the upper limit of the pressure range, the ECU controller 16 controls the electromagnetic valve 7 to close, the pressure supplement is finished, the pressure surge cycle is a pressure surge cycle, and the pressure is continuously circulated in the whole gas supply process so as to keep the pressure range of a surge cavity in a stable state;
then, the ammonia gas is decompressed by the second decompression valve 11 and enters the ammonia gas rail 12, at this time, the pressure behind the second decompression valve 11 is completely controllable, and the pressure of the required gaseous ammonia can be obtained through the adjustment of the second decompression valve 11. And finally, controlling the ammonia gas injection valve 15 to inject ammonia gas by the ECU controller 16, wherein the pressure behind the second pressure reducing valve 11 is not lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the ammonia gas at the corresponding temperature of the ammonia gas rail 12, so that the ammonia gas is prevented from being liquefied in the ammonia gas rail 12 due to overhigh pressure, and the gas supply process is finished.
And a heat preservation resistor 10 is arranged outside the pressure surge cavity 8. To ensure that the temperature in the pressure surge chamber 8 remains stable.
A pressure release valve 5 is arranged on the heating vaporization cavity 4. By adopting the design, when the pressure in the heating vaporization cavity 4 is too high, the pressure in the cavity can be adjusted.
The ammonia gas rail 12 is provided with a temperature sensor 13 and a second pressure sensor 14. The device is used for monitoring the actual temperature and pressure state before ammonia gas injection in real time.
The temperature sensor 13 and the second pressure sensor 14 are both electrically connected to the ECU controller 16.
The ammonia gas rail 12 is externally provided with a heating belt. The device mainly plays a role in heat preservation of ammonia gas after decompression so as to ensure stable temperature in the ammonia gas rail 12 and further ensure stable pressure.
The pressure after the second pressure reducing valve 11 must not be lower than the saturated vapor pressure of ammonia gas at the corresponding temperature of the ammonia gas rail 12. By such a design, the ammonia gas is prevented from being liquefied due to the excessive pressure in the ammonia gas rail 12.
The pipelines are all seamless steel pipes. All parts of the structure in this application adopt ammonia compatible material, effectively avoid appearing the problem that ammonia corrodes.
The whole system is divided into four components, wherein:
the ammonia bottle 1, the switch valve 2 and the first reducing valve 3 form a liquid ammonia supply part;
the heating vaporization cavity 4, the pressure release valve 5 and the heating resistor 6 form a liquid ammonia vaporization part;
the electromagnetic valve 7, the pressure surge cavity 8, the heat-preservation resistor 10, the second reducing valve 11, the first pressure sensor 9 and the ECU controller 16 form an automatic pressure control part to realize the automatic control and adjustment of the ammonia pressure;
the ammonia gas rail 12, the heat preservation heating belt and the ammonia gas injection valve 15 form an ammonia gas stable injection part.
Claims (8)
1. A gaseous ammonia fuel supply system of stabilized injection pressure characterized by: it comprises an ECU controller (16), an ammonia bottle (1), a heating vaporization cavity (4), a pressure surge cavity (8), an ammonia gas rail (12) and an ammonia gas injection valve (15) which are connected in sequence through pipelines, wherein a connecting pipeline between the ammonia gas bottle (1) and the heating vaporization cavity (4) is sequentially provided with a switch valve (2) and a first reducing valve (3), a connecting pipeline between the heating vaporization cavity (4) and the pressure surge cavity (8) is provided with an electromagnetic valve (7), a connecting pipeline between the pressure surge cavity (8) and the ammonia gas rail (12) is provided with a second reducing valve (11), the heating vaporization cavity (4) is externally provided with a heating resistor (6), a first pressure sensor (9) is arranged in the pressure surge cavity (8), and the electromagnetic valve (7), the first pressure sensor (9) and the ammonia gas injection valve (15) are respectively and electrically connected with an ECU controller (16).
2. A stable injection pressure gaseous ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, wherein: and a heat preservation resistor (10) is arranged outside the pressure surge cavity (8).
3. A stable injection pressure gaseous ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, wherein: a pressure release valve (5) is arranged on the heating vaporization cavity (4).
4. A stable injection pressure gaseous ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: a temperature sensor (13) and a second pressure sensor (14) are arranged on the ammonia gas rail (12).
5. A stable injection pressure gaseous ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 4, wherein: the temperature sensor (13) and the second pressure sensor (14) are both electrically connected with the ECU controller (16).
6. A gaseous ammonia fuel supply system of stabilized injection pressure according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that: and a heating belt is arranged outside the ammonia gas rail (12).
7. A stable injection pressure gaseous ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 6, wherein: the pressure after the second pressure reducing valve (11) is not lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the ammonia gas at the corresponding temperature of the ammonia gas rail (12).
8. A stable injection pressure gaseous ammonia fuel supply system according to claim 1, 2, 3, 5 or 7, characterized in that: the pipelines are all seamless steel pipes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110666405.9A CN113446134A (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-06-16 | Gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110666405.9A CN113446134A (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-06-16 | Gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure |
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| CN113446134A true CN113446134A (en) | 2021-09-28 |
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| CN202110666405.9A Pending CN113446134A (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-06-16 | Gaseous ammonia fuel supply system with stable injection pressure |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113982788A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-28 | 厦门大学 | Ammonia liquid supply system of ammonia-mixed diesel engine |
| CN115030840A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-09-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Zero-emission ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel injection system and operation method |
| CN117927390A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-04-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Fuel supply and injection control system of ammonia dual-fuel engine |
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| CN113982788A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-28 | 厦门大学 | Ammonia liquid supply system of ammonia-mixed diesel engine |
| CN115030840A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-09-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Zero-emission ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel injection system and operation method |
| CN115030840B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-08-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Zero-emission ammonia-hydrogen engine fuel injection system and operation method |
| CN117927390A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-04-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Fuel supply and injection control system of ammonia dual-fuel engine |
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