CN111386997B - Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane - Google Patents
Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111386997B CN111386997B CN202010279346.5A CN202010279346A CN111386997B CN 111386997 B CN111386997 B CN 111386997B CN 202010279346 A CN202010279346 A CN 202010279346A CN 111386997 B CN111386997 B CN 111386997B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- planting
- sugarcane
- fertilizer
- soil
- intertillage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcanes, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation; (2) seed stem preparation; (3) planting; (4) managing the field; (5) and (6) harvesting. According to the method, the wide-row thin planting mode is adopted, the sugarcane is planted in the planting furrows, the planting ridges are formed after intertillage and ridging, the grooves (in the shape of volcano mouths) are formed at the tops of the planting ridges in the early stage, water accumulation small furrows are formed at two sides of the planting ridges in the later stage, and mulching films are covered among the rows, so that rainwater can be fully accumulated and absorbed, the evaporation of water among the sugarcane rows is reduced, the growth of the sugarcane is not easily affected by drought weather, and the yield stabilization and the yield increase of the sugarcane are facilitated. Meanwhile, the method adopts a comprehensive lodging-resistant technology, seeds are soaked by adopting a coating agent added with the lodging-resistant agent in the early stage, deep seeds are adopted and silicon fertilizer is applied to serve as a base fertilizer, potassium fertilizer is additionally applied in the middle stage of sugarcane jointing, and mechanical leaf stripping and the like in the later stage are combined, so that the lodging-resistant capability of the sugarcane can be further improved, and the mechanical harvest loss rate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcanes.
Background
With the development of agricultural mechanization, in order to improve the efficiency and reduce the production cost of the sugarcane, the mechanized production adopted by the sugarcane planting management is an effective measure. The machines used in the planting management process, such as a seeder, a fertilizer applicator, a hiller, a weeding machine, a leaf peeling machine and the like, are generally driven by medium and large horsepower tractors, so that the wide-row planting is adopted for sugarcane planting, the smooth operation of the mechanical energy is ensured, and the mechanized production is realized. The surface of the wide-row planted sugarcane is larger than that of the traditional narrow-row sugarcane, the sugarcane is late to close rows, water is easy to evaporate and run off, and the sugarcane is easy to drought to influence the growth of the sugarcane, so that the yield is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a wide-row sugarcane soil moisture preservation planting method, through intertillage ridging operation, grooves (volcano-shaped) are formed at the top of planting ridges in the early stage, water accumulation ditches are formed at two sides of the planting ridges in the later stage, and mulching films are covered between rows, so that rainwater can be fully accumulated and absorbed, the evaporation of water among the sugarcanes is reduced, the rainfall utilization rate is improved, the sugarcanes are not easy to drought, the sugarcane yield is improved, the whole-process mechanical planting management of the sugarcanes is realized, the production cost is reduced, and the income of growers is improved.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcanes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deep scarification operation of over 50cm deep ploughing is carried out by using a deep scarification row opener, meanwhile, planting furrows with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 40-50cm are formed by using the deep scarification row opener, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rows of planting furrows is 1.50-2.50 m;
(2) seed stem preparation: adopting half-year-period healthy seed stems planted in a professional nursery to strip leaves, then drying the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days, and then cutting the seeds into standard double-bud-section sugarcane seeds by a cutting machine, wherein the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; the sugarcane seeds are soaked in the coating agent and then used for planting;
(3) planting: the integrated sugarcane planter is adopted to complete the processes of furrow rotary tillage soil breaking, fertilization, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering at one time; applying 20-30kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =14:27: 5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer to each mu of land as base fertilizer, and spraying insecticide; the seeding amount is 2800-3000 buds/mu, the planting mode is a wide-narrow row mode, the sugarcane is planted in the planting furrows, the row spacing of two narrow rows of sugarcane in the planting furrows is 30-35cm, and the row spacing of the wide rows between the two planting furrows is 1.20-2.20 m;
(4) field management: a: intertillage fertilization small hilling: firstly removing a mulching film of a planting row at the early tillering stage of the sugarcane, then spraying water and fertilizer by adopting a liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator, spraying 30-35kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =19:27: 0), 5-8kg of potassium fulvic acid, 5-8kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and 500kg of water for each mu of sugarcane row, and carrying out intertillage and small ridging, namely filling soil on two sides of a planting ditch into the planting ditch to ensure that the height of the planting ditch and the planting row is basically equal to or slightly lower, forming a crater-shaped groove between two narrow rows of the sugarcane, wherein the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top is 6-10 cm;
b: intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging: carrying out intertillage ridging and weeding at the early stage of jointing of the sugarcanes, namely ridging soil on two sides of a planting ditch to planting rows to form planting ridges, enabling the height of the planting ridges to be 10-15cm higher than the row spacing, enabling two rows of the sugarcanes on the planting ridges to still form groove shaped like a crater, enabling the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top to be 6-8cm, forming water accumulation small ditches with the depth of 5-8cm and the width of 12-15cm on two sides of the planting ridges, applying 35-45 kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15) and matching pesticides to control pests;
c: applying a stem tapping fertilizer once in the middle and last ten days of 8 months in the late growth period of the sugarcane, wherein the stem tapping fertilizer is 30-35kg of nitro phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15); and hilling, wherein the height of the hilling is 9-12cm (preferably about 10 cm), the height of the planting ridges is 20-25 cm higher than the row space, the two rows of the sugarcanes at the tops of the planting ridges are in a turtle back shape, small ponding ditches with the depth of 10-12cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed at the two sides of the planting ridges, and a mulching film is laid in the vacant land between the two ponding ditches. Mulching films are paved between the wide rows of the sugarcanes, so that the evaporation of moisture between the rows of the sugarcanes can be reduced, and the arrangement of the small ponding ditches is matched, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the sugarcanes.
(5) Harvesting: harvesting the mature sugarcane in time.
Preferably, in the step (5), the inter-row mulching film is firstly uncovered 1 month before the sugarcane is harvested, then the leaves are mechanically peeled for 1 time, and only 7-8 green leaves at the top of the sugarcane are left.
Preferably, in the step (2), the coating agent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.5-0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% fenamido, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.2 part of lodging-resistant agent, 0.1-0.2 part of spreader and the balance of water. The ingredients such as the lodging-resistant agent are purchased from the market and mixed according to the required proportion to prepare the coating agent.
Preferably, the cut sugarcane seeds are placed into the coating agent to be soaked for 25-30 minutes, then are fished out to be dried, and then are taken out to be planted.
Preferably, in steps (3) and (4), the pesticide is: 9080 Tetrachlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam, the application rate of both of which is 20-25 ml/mu.
Preferably, in the step (2), the sugarcane variety is any one of cassia sugar No. 29, cassia sugar No. 44, cassia sugar No. 47, cassia sugar No. 49 and cassia sugar No. 52.
Preferably, in step C, the mulching film is a black equal-width mulching film.
Preferably, in step (3), the integrated sugarcane planting machine comprises:
the device comprises a furrow opener (4), one end of which is provided with a soil separating part, the other end of the furrow opener (4) is provided with a seed discharging port (41), the seed discharging port (41) is communicated with a seed inlet (42), and a rotary tillage cutter group (3) and a rotary tillage plough (2) are sequentially arranged along one end of the furrow opener (4) in an outward extending way;
the seed metering device (5) comprises a conveying belt (51), the conveying belt (51) is arranged on the rack (1) through a roller (52), the blanking end of the conveying belt (51) corresponds to the seed inlet (42), and a plurality of parting beads (53) are arranged on the conveying surface of the conveying belt (51) at intervals;
the fertilizer applicator (6) comprises an automatic fertilizer discharging device, a fertilizer inlet (61) of the automatic fertilizer discharging device is communicated with the interior of a fertilizer storage box (63), and a fertilizer discharging port (62) of the automatic fertilizer discharging device is positioned between the discharging end of the conveying belt (51) and the rotary tillage cutter group (3); and
the soil covering and film covering device (7) comprises a soil inlet (71), the width of the soil inlet (71) is larger than that of the seed metering opening (41) and is opposite to the seed metering opening (41), the soil inlet (71) extends in the direction back to the seed metering opening (41) and is gradually reduced to form a soil discharging opening (72), and a film covering assembly is arranged at the position along the soil discharging opening (72).
Preferably, the rotary blade group (3) comprises a rotary cultivating rotating shaft (31), rotary blades (32) are arranged on the rotary cultivating rotating shaft (31), the rotary cultivating rotating shaft (31) is connected with an output end of a first gear box (33) arranged on the rack (1), an input end of the first gear box (33) is connected with a spline shaft (34), and the rotary cultivating rotating shaft (31) is located between the rotary plough (2) and the soil separating part.
Preferably, in the step B, a weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine is adopted for intertillage, weeding, fertilizing and ridging, and the weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine comprises:
the weeding hilling assembly comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged below the intertillage rack, a weeding cutter disc is arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the weeding cutter disc comprises a cutter holder fixed with the rotating shaft and a weeding cutter detachably connected with the cutter holder; sleeves are detachably sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft respectively, and the sleeves are provided with earthing knives; the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the power transmission assembly; an arc soil retaining cylinder is further arranged on the intertillage rack above the rotating shaft, arc-shaped hilling plates are arranged on two sides of the arc soil retaining cylinder and connected with the soil retaining cylinder, and the angle of the arc-shaped hilling plates is adjustable; and
the fertilizer applicator comprises an automatic fertilizer applicator and a intertillage storage box, wherein the automatic fertilizer applicator is provided with an intertillage feed inlet, the intertillage feed inlet is communicated with the inside of the intertillage storage box, and an intertillage discharge hole of the automatic fertilizer applicator is connected with an intertillage fertilizer application pipe.
During operation, the ridging knives on the two sides are driven by the rotating shaft to throw soil to the oblique upper parts of the left side and the right side of the ridging machine, and the throwing distance of the soil can be controlled through the rotating speed of the rotating shaft, so that the ridging machine can work between planting rows of sugarcane, and two rows of sugarcane are ridged simultaneously. Meanwhile, the hilling knife and the weeding cutter head can remove grass roots by turning and throwing the soil, so that the weeding function is realized. Can be applied simultaneously when cultivating and hilling according to the requirement. In addition, because the earthing up sword is connected with the pivot for detachable, can select the earthing up sword of different length different shapes according to the earthing up demand of sugarcane different periods.
Preferably, the tail end of the weeding knife is bent, and the tail end of the earthing-up knife is bent outwards; the distance from the tail end of the hilling knife to the axis of the rotating shaft is greater than the distance from the tail end of the weeding knife to the axis of the rotating shaft. The length of the earthing knife is longer than that of the weeding knife, so that the inter-row soil can be better cultivated on the sugarcane planting rows. And small ditches are formed at the two sides of the planting rows, which is more favorable for collecting and draining rainwater (when rainwater needs to be collected, the two ends of the small ditches can be sealed, and when rainwater needs to be drained, the small ditches are connected with the drainage ditches)
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a wide-row thin planting mode, and the sugarcane is planted in a deeper planting ditch, so that the sugarcane is not easy to be affected by drought and sprout, a groove (volcano-mouth shape) is formed at the top of a planting ridge in the early stage by utilizing intertillage ridging operation, small ponding ditches are formed at two sides of the planting ridge in the later stage, and a mulching film is covered between rows, so that rainwater can be fully accumulated and absorbed, the evaporation of water in the sugarcane rows is reduced, the rainfall utilization rate is improved, the sugarcane is not easy to be affected by drought, and the stable yield production of the sugarcane is facilitated. Meanwhile, by adopting the innovative matching of the planting mode and the ridging mode and matching with special weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machines and other instruments, the whole-process mechanization (manual assistance for weeding and ridging and the like is not needed) in the field management process of the sugarcane is realized, the manual management cost during the sugarcane planting period can be effectively reduced, the cultivation management efficiency is improved, even if the sugarcane is planted in a large area, the sugarcane can catch up with the farming season in time, the sugarcane ridging and fertilizing method is particularly suitable for large-scale planting and has remarkable comprehensive economic benefit.
2. The invention adopts a comprehensive lodging-resistant technology, adopts the coating agent added with the lodging-resistant agent to soak and disinfect the seed stems of the sugarcane in the early stage, adopts deep seeds and applies silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, increases potassium fertilizer in the middle stage of jointing of the sugarcane, can improve the lodging resistance of the sugarcane, and can further improve the lodging-resistant capability of the sugarcane and reduce the loss rate of mechanical harvest by combining mechanical leaf stripping and the like in the later stage.
3. The high-phosphorus humic acid-containing and amino acid liquid fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage, so that the tillering and stem forming rate is improved, the sugarcane effective stems are mainly tillered, the main stems are assisted, the plant height uniformity of the sugarcane is improved, meanwhile, the leaf stripping at the later stage can reduce the impurity rate of mechanical harvesting, the harvesting quality is improved, and the mechanical popularization of the sugarcane is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a planting and ridging pattern of sugar cane of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the sugarcane planter of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the sugarcane planter as viewed from the bottom.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the furrow opener.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the rotary plow and the rotary blade set.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the seed meter configuration.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the fertilizer applicator.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the soil covering and mulching device.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine.
Fig. 10 is a structural view of a weeding ridging assembly of the weeding, fertilizing and ridging all-in-one machine.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1-frame, 2-rotary plow, 3-rotary blade group, 4-furrow opener, 5-seed sowing device, 6-fertilizer applicator, 7-covering soil and covering film device, 8-traction seat, 9-stool, 11-clapboard, 12-fence, 31-rotary tillage rotating shaft, 32-rotary blade, 33-first gear box, 34-spline shaft, 41-seed sowing port, 42-seed inlet, 43-soil separating plate, 44-soil separating blade, 45-guide plate, 46-connecting plate, 51-conveying belt, 52-roller, 53-parting strip, 54-layering, 55-spring, 56-second hydraulic pump, 61-fertilizer inlet, 62-fertilizer outlet, 63-fertilizer storage box, 64-fertilizer barrel, 65-screw rod, 66-second gear box, 67-a first hydraulic pump, 68-a shaft seat, 71-a soil inlet, 72-a soil outlet, 73-a film covering rotating shaft, 74-an arc plate, 75-a soil covering plate, 76-a film covering component support, 77-a connecting shaft, 78-a film pressing wheel arm, 79-a film pressing wheel, 710-a soil covering wheel arm, 711-a soil covering wheel, 81-a traction hole, 82-a spring rod, 13-a cultivator frame, 14-a rotating shaft, 15-a weeding cutter head, 151-a weeding cutter, 152-a cutter holder, 16-a sleeve, 17-a hilling cutter, 18-an arc soil blocking cylinder, 19-an arc hilling plate, 20-a fertilizer applicator and 21-a mulching film.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
The test is located in the Guangxi sugar sugarcane double high base, and the planted sugarcane variety is osmanthus sugar No. 29. The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deep scarification operation of over 50cm deep ploughing is carried out by using a deep scarification row opener, planting furrows with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 40-50cm are formed by using the row opener, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rows of planting furrows is 1.50-2.50 m.
(2) Seed stem preparation: selecting a No. 29 variety of the osmanthus sugar, adopting half-year healthy seed stems planted in a professional nursery to strip leaves, then sunning the seeds for 1-2 days, and then cutting the seeds into standard double-bud sugarcane seeds by a cutting machine, wherein the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; and putting the cut sugarcane seeds into the coating agent to soak the sugarcane seeds for 30 minutes, fishing out and drying the sugarcane seeds, and then taking the sugarcane seeds out for planting. The coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.5-0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% fenamido, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.2 part of lodging-resistant agent, 0.1-0.2 part of spreader and the balance of water.
(3) Planting: the integrated sugarcane planter is adopted to complete the processes of furrow rotary tillage soil breaking, fertilization, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering at one time; applying 20-25kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =14:27: 5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer to each mu to serve as base fertilizers, and adding 100 g/mu of fipronil and 100 g/mu of thiamethoxam; the seeding amount is 2800-3000 buds/mu, the planting mode is a wide-narrow row mode, the row spacing of two narrow rows of sugarcanes in the planting furrows is 30-35cm, and the row spacing of the wide rows between the two planting furrows is 1.20-2.20 m.
(4) Field management: a: intertillage fertilization small hilling: in the early tillering stage of the sugarcane, firstly removing a mulching film of a planting row, then spraying water and fertilizer by using a liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator, spraying 30kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =19:27: 0), 5kg of potassium fulvic acid and 5kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer into 500kg of water per mu, spraying sugarcane rows, and intertillage hilling, namely filling soil on two sides of a planting ditch into the planting ditch to enable the height of the planting ditch and the planting row to be basically equal or slightly lower, forming a volcano-mouth-shaped groove between two narrow rows of sugarcane, and enabling the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top to be 6-10 cm.
B: intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging: intertillage ridging and weeding are carried out at the early stage of jointing of the sugarcanes, namely, soil on two sides of a planting ditch is ridged to planting rows to form planting ridges, the height of each planting ridge is 10-15cm higher than that between the rows, grooves with volcano-mouth shapes are formed between two rows of the sugarcanes on the planting ridges, the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top is 6-8cm, small accumulated water ditches with the depth of 5-8cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed on two sides of the planting ridges, 35kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15) is applied, and 9080 (tetrachloro-tetramine) of 20 ml/mu and 25 ml/mu of thiamethoxam are added to control pests.
C: applying a stem tapping fertilizer once in the middle and last ten days of 8 months in the late growth period of the sugarcane, wherein the stem tapping fertilizer is 30kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15); and (3) hilling is carried out while fertilizing, the hilling height is 9-12cm, the height of the planting ridge is 20-25 cm higher than the row spacing, the two rows of sugarcanes at the top of the planting ridge are in a turtle back shape, small ponding ditches with the depth of 10-12cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed at the two sides of the planting ridge, and a mulching film is laid in the empty space between the two ponding ditches. The mulching film can adopt black equal-width mulching films 21.
(5) Harvesting: harvesting the mature sugarcane in time. 1 month before harvesting, removing the inter-row mulching film, mechanically stripping leaves for 1 time, and only leaving 7-8 green leaves at the top of the sugarcane.
A specific hilling mode can be referred to fig. 1. The realization of the ridging mode is mainly realized by a weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine which is independently designed and can adjust the ridging amount and the ridging height. The sugarcane is planted in the planting ditch in the early stage, so that rainwater can be absorbed and utilized favorably, and the influence on the germination of the sugarcane due to drought is prevented. The first hilling is a small amount of hilling, the sugarcane plants grow shorter, the number of leaves is large, and soil is not easy to enter between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes due to the small amount of hilling, so that a crater-shaped groove is formed between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes, rainwater can be stored in a accumulating manner, and the growth of the sugarcanes is facilitated. During the second ridging, the longer ridging knife can be replaced, and the ridging amount is increased. Not only the crater-shaped groove is formed between the two narrow rows of the sugarcanes, but also the water accumulation ditches are formed at the two sides of the planting ridge, which is beneficial to the absorption and accumulation of rainwater by the sugarcanes. The blade type ridging knife with large ridging amount is replaced for the last large ridging, the ridging amount is further improved, at the moment, the sugarcane grows high, blades at the base of the sugarcane wither or fall off, the crushed mud can enter narrow rows of sugarcane through gaps among the sugarcane by increasing throwing force and ridging amount, and finally, turtle-back-shaped sugarcane ridges are formed, so that later-stage growth and mechanical harvesting of the sugarcane are facilitated.
Example 2
The test is located in the Guangxi sugar sugarcane double high base, and the planted sugarcane variety is osmanthus sugar No. 29. The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deep scarification operation of over 50cm deep ploughing is carried out by using a deep scarification row opener, planting furrows with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 40-50cm are formed by using the row opener, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rows of planting furrows is 1.50-2.50 m.
(2) Seed stem preparation: selecting a No. 29 variety of the osmanthus sugar, adopting half-year healthy seed stems planted in a professional nursery to strip leaves, then sunning the seeds for 1-2 days, and then cutting the seeds into standard double-bud sugarcane seeds by a cutting machine, wherein the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; and (4) soaking the cut sugarcane seeds in the coating agent for 25 minutes, taking out, airing and taking out for planting. The coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.5-0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% fenamido, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.2 part of lodging-resistant agent, 0.1-0.2 part of spreader and the balance of water.
(3) Planting: the integrated sugarcane planter is adopted to complete the processes of furrow rotary tillage soil breaking, fertilization, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering at one time; applying 25-30kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =14:27: 5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer to each mu to serve as base fertilizers, and adding 100 g/mu of fipronil and 100 g/mu of thiamethoxam; the seeding amount is 2800-3000 buds/mu, the planting mode is a wide-narrow row mode, the row spacing of two narrow rows of sugarcanes in the planting furrows is 30-35cm, and the row spacing of the wide rows between the two planting furrows is 1.20-2.20 m.
(4) Field management: a: intertillage fertilization small hilling: in the early tillering stage of the sugarcane, firstly removing a mulching film of a planting row, then spraying water and fertilizer by using a liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator, adding water and fertilizer into 35kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =19:27: 0), 8kg of potassium fulvic acid and 5kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer per mu, and carrying out intertillage and hilling, namely filling soil on two sides of a planting ditch into the planting ditch to ensure that the height of the planting ditch and the planting row is basically equal to or slightly lower, forming a crater-shaped groove between two narrow rows of the sugarcane, and ensuring that the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top is 6-10 cm.
B: intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging: carrying out intertillage ridging and weeding at the early jointing stage of the sugarcanes, namely ridging soil on two sides of a planting ditch to a planting row to form a planting ridge, enabling the height of the planting ridge to be 10-15cm higher than the row spacing, enabling the two rows of the sugarcanes on the planting ridge to still form a crater-shaped groove, enabling the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top to be 6-8cm, forming water accumulation small ditches with the depth of 5-8cm and the width of 12-15cm on two sides of the planting ridge, simultaneously applying 40 kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15), and adding 9080 (tetrachloro-tetramine) 20 ml/mu and thiamethoxam 25 ml/mu to control pests.
C: applying a stem tapping fertilizer once in the middle and last ten days of 8 months in the late growth period of the sugarcane, wherein the stem tapping fertilizer is 30kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15); and (3) hilling is carried out while fertilizing, the hilling height is 9-12cm, the height of the planting ridge is 20-25 cm higher than the row spacing, the two rows of sugarcanes at the top of the planting ridge are in a turtle back shape, small ponding ditches with the depth of 10-12cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed at the two sides of the planting ridge, and a mulching film is laid in the empty space between the two ponding ditches. The mulching film can adopt black equal-width mulching films 21. A specific hilling mode can be referred to fig. 1.
(5) Harvesting: harvesting the mature sugarcane in time. 1 month before harvesting, removing the inter-row mulching film, mechanically stripping leaves for 1 time, and only leaving 7-8 green leaves at the top of the sugarcane.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2 to 8, the integrated sugarcane planter used in the above embodiment includes: the device comprises a frame 1, a rotary tillage plough 2, a rotary tillage cutter group 3, a furrow opener 4, a seed sowing device 5, a fertilizer applicator 6, a soil covering and film covering device 7, a traction seat 8, a stool 9, a partition plate 11, a fence 12, a rotary tillage rotating shaft 31, a rotary tillage cutter 32, a first gear box 33, a spline shaft 34, a seed sowing port 41, a seed inlet 42, a soil separating plate 43, a soil separating blade 44, a guide plate 45, a connecting plate 46, a conveying belt 51, a roller 52, a partition bar 53, a pressing strip 54, a spring 55, a second hydraulic pump 56, a fertilizer inlet 61, a fertilizer outlet 62, a fertilizer storage box 63, a fertilizer discharging cylinder 64, a screw rod 65, a second gear box 66, a first hydraulic pump 67, a shaft seat 68, a soil inlet 71, a soil discharging port 72, a film covering rotating shaft 73, an arc plate 74, a soil covering plate 75, a film covering component support 76, a 77, a film pressing wheel arm 78, a film pressing wheel 79, a soil covering wheel arm 710, a soil covering wheel 711, a traction hole 81 and a spring rod 82. The front end of the frame 1 is provided with three traction seats 8 in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', the traction seats 8 extend out to the front of the frame 1, and traction holes 81 are formed in the traction seats 8. The rotary plow 2 is arranged on the frame behind the traction seat, the plowshare of the rotary plow 2 extends to the bottom of the frame 1, and the rotary plow 2 is positioned behind the traction hole 81. A rotary blade group 3 is arranged at the rear of the rotary plow 2, the rotary blade group 3 comprises a rotary tillage rotating shaft 31 which is horizontally arranged along the left and right directions of the frame 1, a plurality of rotary blades 32 are arranged at two ends of the rotary tillage rotating shaft 31, and the rotary blades 32 are arranged around the circumference of the axis of the rotary tillage rotating shaft 31; the rotary tillage rotary shaft 31 is connected with the output end of the first gear box 33, the first gear box 33 is arranged on the frame 1, the input end of the first gear box 33 is connected with the spline shaft 34, and the spline shaft 34 faces the front end of the frame 1. A furrow opener 4 is arranged behind the rotary tillage cutter group 3, one end of the furrow opener 4 is a soil separating part which consists of two soil separating plates 43, one ends of the two soil separating plates 43 are welded with each other to form a vertical soil separating blade 44, the other ends of the two soil separating plates 43 extend backwards and are gradually separated, and the soil separating blade 44 is opposite to the rotary tillage cutter group 3; one end of each guide plate 45 is connected with the other end of the soil separating plate 43, the other ends of the two guide plates 45 continue to extend backwards, and the two guide plates 45 are parallel to each other and are vertical to the rotary tillage rotating shaft 31; the other ends of the two guide plates 45 are connected through a connecting plate 46, one side edge of the connecting plate 46 and the other ends of the two guide plates 45 form a seed sowing port 41, and the other side edge of the connecting plate 46, the side edges of the two guide plates 45 and the side edges of the two soil separating plates 43 form a seed inlet 42 together. The seed metering device 5 comprises a conveying belt 51, the feeding end of the conveying belt 51 is positioned at a position close to the rear end of the rack 1, the conveying belt 51 firstly conveys horizontally from the feeding end to the front end of the rack 1 and then conveys towards the feeding end in an inclined lower direction, and a roller 52 is respectively sleeved at the feeding end, the discharging end and the bent part of the conveying belt 51; wherein the roller 52 at the blanking end of the conveyor belt 51 is connected with the output end of a second hydraulic pump 56; the blanking end of the conveying belt 51 is positioned above the seed inlet 42, so that the seed stems of the sugarcane can fall into the seed inlet 42 from the blanking end of the conveying belt 51; a plurality of parting beads 53 are arranged on the conveying surface of the conveying belt 51 at the same intervals, and the parting beads 53 are vertical to the conveying direction of the conveying belt 51; two parallel pressing strips 54 are arranged above the conveying surface close to the blanking end of the conveying belt 51, one side edge of each pressing strip 54 is close to the top edge of each division strip 53 and is perpendicular to the division strips 53, the other side edge of each pressing strip 54 is connected with the rack 1 through a spring 55, and one side edge of each pressing strip 54 is made of rubber. The fertilizer applicator consists of a fertilizer storage box 63 and an automatic fertilizer application device, wherein the fertilizer storage box 63 is fixed on the frame 1, and the bottom of the inner cavity of the fertilizer storage box 63 is gradually contracted downwards and communicated with a fertilizer inlet 61 of the automatic fertilizer application device; the automatic fertilizing device comprises a fertilizer discharging cylinder 64, the fertilizer discharging cylinder 64 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of a fertilizer storage box 63, a fertilizer inlet 61 is formed in the side surface of the fertilizer discharging cylinder 64, fertilizer discharging ports 62 are formed in the two ends of the fertilizer discharging cylinder 64, and the fertilizer discharging ports 62 are located between the discharging end of the conveying belt 51 and the rotary tillage cutter group 3; the screw rod 65 is sleeved in the fertilizer discharging cylinder 64, and two ends of the screw rod 65 extend out of two ends of the fertilizer discharging cylinder 64 and are fixed on the rack 1 through the shaft seat 68; one end of the screw 65 is connected to an output end of the second gear box 66, and an input end of the second gear box 66 is connected to the first hydraulic pump 67. The soil covering and film covering device 7 comprises two soil covering plates 75, double rows of screw holes are formed in the soil covering plates 75, the soil covering plates 75 penetrate through the double rows of screw holes through bolts and are fixed at the ends of the film covering component brackets 76, a soil discharging opening 72 is formed between one ends of the two soil covering plates 75, the other ends of the two soil covering plates 75 are bent towards the front side of the soil discharging opening 72 to form a soil inlet 71, the width of the soil inlet 71 is larger than that of the seed discharging opening 41 and is opposite to the seed discharging opening 41, and the width of the soil inlet 71 is also larger than that of the soil discharging opening 72; the mulching assembly comprises a mulching rotating shaft 73, an arc plate 74, a connecting shaft 77, a film pressing wheel arm 78, a film pressing wheel 79, a soil covering wheel arm 710, a soil covering wheel 711 and a spring rod 82; the mulch film rotating shaft 73 is rotatably arranged on the mulch film assembly bracket 76, the axis of the mulch film rotating shaft 73 is perpendicular to the guide plate 45, the arc plate 74 is fixed between the mulch film rotating shaft 73 and the soil discharge opening 72, one side of the arc surface of the arc plate 74 facing the soil discharge opening 72 is arched, the opening of the arc plate 74 faces the mulch film rotating shaft 73, and the axis of the arc surface of the arc plate 74 is parallel to the axis of the mulch film rotating shaft 73; the connecting shaft 77 is fixed behind the cover film rotating shaft 73 and is parallel to the cover film rotating shaft 73; one end of each of the two soil covering wheel arms 710 is connected with two ends of the connecting shaft 77, the other end of each of the two soil covering wheel arms 710 extends to the rear of the connecting shaft 77 and can swing around the connecting shaft 77, the other end of each of the two soil covering wheel arms 710 is provided with a soil covering wheel 711, and the axes of the two soil covering wheels 711 point to the film covering rotating shaft 73 and gradually approach each other to form a V shape; one end of each film pressing wheel arm 78 is connected with the middle of the connecting shaft 77 at a certain distance, the other end of each film pressing wheel arm 78 extends towards the rear of the connecting shaft 77 and can swing by taking the connecting shaft 77 as an axis, a film pressing wheel 79 is arranged at the other end of each film pressing wheel arm 78, and the film pressing wheels 79 are positioned between the film covering rotating shafts 73 and the soil covering wheels 711; a spring rod 82 is arranged between the earthing wheel arm 710 and the bottom of the frame 1, and a spring rod 82 is also arranged between the film pressing wheel arm 78 and the bottom of the frame 1. A partition board 11 is arranged on the frame 1, two sides of the conveying belt 51 are respectively provided with a stool 9, the stools 9 are fixed on the partition board 11, and a fence 12 is arranged around the partition board 11.
When in use, the traction base 8 is firstly connected with the rear suspension of the tractor through the traction hole 81, the power output shaft of the tractor is connected with the spline shaft 34, and the first hydraulic pump 67 and the second hydraulic pump 56 are respectively connected with the hydraulic station of the tractor; then fertilizer is added into the fertilizer storage box 63, a mulching film reel is sleeved on the mulching film covering rotating shaft 73, and a section of mulching film is pulled out from the mulching film reel and pressed below the two film pressing wheels 79; and finally, starting the tractor to operate. During operation, operators sit on the two stools 9 respectively, and put the cut sugarcane seed stems on the feeding end of the conveying belt 51 and between the two adjacent parting strips 53.
The working principle is as follows: the equipment firstly plows soil by the rotary plow 2, then loosens the soil by the rotary plow blade group 3, divides the loosened soil by the soil dividing part of the furrow opener 4, and forms a groove in the divided soil by the guide plate 45 on the furrow opener 4; the seed sowing device 5 can discharge the sugarcane seed stems into the groove in a horizontal direction, and the balance stability of the posture when the seed stems fall into the groove can be ensured through the layering 54; when the seeds are sowed, the fertilizer applicator 6 can broadcast fertilizer and sugarcane seed stems into the grooves, and because the two sides of the fertilizer barrel 64 in the fertilizer applicator 6 are provided with the fertilizer outlets 62, when the fertilizer barrel 64 is blocked, the fertilizer application channel can be dredged by controlling the reverse rotation of the screw 65, and meanwhile, the fertilizing amount can be accurately controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the first hydraulic pump 67; after seeding is finished, the soil covering plate 75 can refill the soil turned out from the two sides of the groove into the groove for covering soil, the soil covered ground is leveled through the arc surface of the arc plate 74, the mounting height of the soil covering plate 75 can be adjusted by adjusting the positions of the bolts and the double rows of screw holes mounted on the bolts, the height of the soil discharging port 72 is changed, and the soil covering thickness is changed; the plastic film reel cover is in the tectorial membrane pivot, and the part of tearing out from the plastic film reel is pressed in the below of press mold wheel 79, and along with advancing forward of equipment, the plastic film is pressed the plastic film on the slot and continuously pulls and presses by press mold wheel 79 all the time, again afterwards carries out the earthing through the gap department of earthing wheel 711 to the plastic film both sides of laying to accomplish the tectorial membrane work.
The planting machine plows, loosens and ditches the land through the rotary plow, the rotary blade set and the ditcher; the fertilizer applicator and the seeding unit are used for simultaneously carrying out accurate fertilization and stable transverse quantitative seeding in the groove; finally, soil covering and film covering are carried out through a soil covering and film covering device, the whole set of planting procedures of the sugarcane are continuously realized, and the consistency of each procedure is strong; the equipment is simple in structure and convenient to maintain, and saves labor cost, time cost and equipment cost.
As shown in fig. 9 to 10, the integrated weeding, fertilizing and banking machine includes: a cultivating frame 13, a weeding and ridging component and a fertilizer applicator.
Weeding subassembly of earthing up includes pivot 14, intertillage frame 13 below is located to pivot 14, the middle part of pivot 14 is equipped with weeding blade disc 15, weeding blade disc 15 include with the fixed blade holder 152 of pivot 14 and with the detachable weeding sword 151 that links to each other of blade holder 152. The two ends of the rotating shaft 14 are respectively provided with a sleeve 16 in a detachable mode in a sleeved mode, the sleeve 16 is provided with a hilling knife 17, and the rotating shaft 14 is driven to rotate by a power transmission assembly. The power transmission assembly mainly comprises a gearbox in transmission connection with a tractor, and the output end of the gearbox is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft 14. An arc soil blocking cylinder 18 is further arranged on the intertillage rack 13 above the rotating shaft 14, arc soil blocking plates 19 are arranged on two sides of the arc soil blocking cylinder 18, and the arc soil blocking plates 19 are connected with the soil blocking cylinder 18 and are adjustable in angle. The accessible sets up the screw of adjustable screw rod and different positions and realizes the regulation of a fender soil section of thick bamboo, also can adopt other current different modes to realize adjusting. The design of adjustable arc fender soil section of thick bamboo 18 combines with detachable weeding sword 151, earthing up sword 17 etc. and adjustable earthing up height satisfies the demand of earthing up of different periods crop. The tail end of the weeding knife 151 is bent, the tail end of the earthing up knife 17 is bent outwards, and the weeding or weeding and earthing up functions can be realized by adjusting the bending direction of the weeding knife 151. The distance from the tail end of the hilling knife 17 to the axis of the rotating shaft 14 is greater than the distance from the tail end of the weeding knife 151 to the axis of the rotating shaft 14. The length of the earthing knife 17 is longer than that of the weeding knife 151, so that the soil between rows can be better cultivated on the sugarcane planting rows. And small ditches are formed at the two sides of the planting rows, so that rainwater can be collected more conveniently (two ends of each small ditch can be sealed).
The fertilizer applicator 20 comprises an automatic fertilizer applicator and a intertillage storage box, wherein an intertillage feed inlet is arranged on the automatic fertilizer applicator, the intertillage feed inlet is communicated with the inside of the intertillage storage box, and an intertillage discharge outlet of the automatic fertilizer applicator is connected with an intertillage fertilizer application pipe. The structure of the fertilizer applicator 20 is similar to that of the fertilizer applicator 6 of the integrated sugarcane planter, and the description is omitted.
During operation, the ridging knives 17 on the two sides are driven by the rotating shaft 14 to throw soil to the oblique upper parts of the left side and the right side of the ridging machine, and the throwing distance of the soil can be controlled through the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 14, so that the ridging machine can work between the planting rows of the sugarcanes and simultaneously ridging two rows of the sugarcanes. Meanwhile, the hilling knife 17 and the weeding cutter head 15 can remove grass roots by turning and throwing the soil, so that the weeding function is realized. Can be applied simultaneously when cultivating and hilling according to the requirement. In addition, because the hilling knife 17 is detachably connected with the rotating shaft 14, the hilling knives 17 with different lengths and different shapes can be selected according to the hilling requirements of the sugarcanes in different periods.
Comparative example 1:
the method is a traditional planting method. The sugarcane seeds are planted by farmers by themselves without disinfection and coating, the planting density is 8000 plus 9000 buds/mu, the planting row spacing is 0.9-1.0 meter, the sugarcane seeds are planted at equal row spacing, the mechanical land preparation and row opening are carried out, the sugarcane seeds are planted manually, the planting process is carried out by applying common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (no nitrate base fertilizer), the one-base one-topdressing method is adopted, the manual operation is adopted for fertilizing, intertillage and ridging, no accumulated water and small ditches are formed at the two sides of the planting rows, and herbicide is required to be sprayed and applied for weeding separately. In addition, before mechanical harvesting, leaf peeling is not carried out, and manual operation is also adopted for harvesting.
The results of averaging example 1 and example 2 and comparing with conventional planting methods are as follows.
In conclusion, compared with the traditional conventional planting method, the wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for the sugarcanes has the advantages that the sugarcanes are planted in deeper planting ditches, so that the sugarcanes are not easy to be affected by drought, the germination is not influenced, grooves (in a crater shape) are formed at the tops of the planting ridges in the early stage by utilizing intertillage ridging operation, water accumulation small ditches are formed at two sides of the planting ridges in the later stage, and mulching films are covered between the rows, so that rainwater can be fully accumulated and absorbed, the evaporation of water among the sugarcanes is reduced, the rainfall utilization rate is improved, the sugarcanes are not easy to be affected by drought, and the stable yield and the yield increase of the sugarcanes are facilitated. Meanwhile, compared with the common thin planting method of the sugarcane, the planting and hilling mode can more fully utilize accumulated water and solve the drought resistance problem. In addition, the method can realize whole-process mechanized production, improve planting efficiency, reduce management cost and improve comprehensive economic benefits of the sugarcane.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deep scarification operation of over 50cm deep ploughing is carried out by using a deep scarification row opener, meanwhile, planting furrows with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 40-50cm are formed by using the deep scarification row opener, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rows of planting furrows is 1.50-2.50 m;
(2) seed stem preparation: adopting half-year-period healthy seed stems planted in a professional nursery to strip leaves, then drying the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days, and then cutting the seeds into standard double-bud-section sugarcane seeds by a cutting machine, wherein the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; the sugarcane seeds are soaked in the coating agent and then used for planting;
(3) planting: the integrated sugarcane planter is adopted to complete the processes of furrow rotary tillage soil breaking, fertilization, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering at one time; applying N per mu: p: 20-30kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer with the K ratio of 14:27:5 and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer are used as base fertilizer, and pesticide is sprayed; the seeding amount is 2800-3000 buds/mu, the planting mode is a wide-narrow row mode, the sugarcane is planted in the planting furrows, the row spacing of two narrow rows of sugarcane in the planting furrows is 30-35cm, and the row spacing of the wide rows between the two planting furrows is 1.20-2.20 m;
(4) field management: a: intertillage fertilization small hilling: firstly removing a mulching film of a planting row at the early tillering stage of sugarcane, then sprinkling and applying water and fertilizer by adopting a liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator, and applying N: p: 30-35kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer with the K ratio of 19:27:0, 5-8kg of potassium fulvate and 5-8kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer are mixed with 500kg of water, sugarcane rows are sprayed, intertillage small ridging is carried out, namely, the soil on two sides of a planting ditch is filled into the planting ditch, the heights of the planting ditch and the planting rows are basically equal to or slightly lower, a crater-shaped groove is formed between two narrow rows of sugarcanes, and the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top is 6-10 cm;
b: intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging: carrying out intertillage ridging and weeding at the early stage of sugarcane jointing, namely ridging soil on two sides of a planting ditch towards planting rows to form planting ridges, enabling the height of the planting ridges to be 10-15cm higher than the row spacing, enabling two rows of sugarcanes on the planting ridges to still form a groove in a shape of a crater, enabling the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top to be 6-8cm, forming water accumulation small ditches with the depth of 5-8cm and the width of 12-15cm on two sides of the planting ridges, and meanwhile, applying N, P, K according to the proportion of 20: 8: 15 kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and is matched with insecticide to prevent and control pests;
c: and additionally applying a stem tapping fertilizer once in the middle and last ten days of 8 months in the late growth period of the sugarcane, wherein the ratio of N to P to K is 20: 8: 30-35kg of 15 nitro phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer; ridging, wherein the ridging height is 9-12cm, the height of each planting ridge is 20-25 cm higher than the row space, the space between two rows of sugarcanes at the top of each planting ridge is in a turtle back shape, small ponding ditches with the depth of 10-12cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed at the two sides of each planting ridge, and mulching films are paved between the ponding ditches of the two rows of planting ridges;
(5) harvesting: harvesting the mature sugarcane in time;
in the step (4), intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging are carried out by adopting a weeding, fertilization and ridging integrated machine, and the weeding, fertilization and ridging integrated machine comprises:
the weeding hilling assembly comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged below the intertillage rack, a weeding cutter disc is arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the weeding cutter disc comprises a cutter holder fixed with the rotating shaft and a weeding cutter detachably connected with the cutter holder; sleeves are detachably sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft respectively, and the sleeves are provided with earthing knives; the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the power transmission assembly; an arc soil blocking cylinder is further arranged on the intertillage rack above the rotating shaft, arc-shaped hilling plates are arranged on two sides of the arc soil blocking cylinder and connected with the arc soil blocking cylinder, and the angle of each arc-shaped hilling plate is adjustable; and
the fertilizer applicator comprises an automatic fertilizer applicator and a intertillage storage box, wherein the automatic fertilizer applicator is provided with a intertillage feed inlet, the intertillage feed inlet is communicated with the interior of the intertillage storage box, and a intertillage discharge hole of the automatic fertilizer applicator is connected with a intertillage fertilizer application pipe;
the tail end of the weeding knife is bent, and the tail end of the earthing-up knife is bent outwards; the distance from the tail end of the hilling knife to the axis of the rotating shaft is greater than the distance from the tail end of the weeding knife to the axis of the rotating shaft.
2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), 1 month before the sugarcane is harvested, the inter-row mulching film is firstly removed, and then the leaves are mechanically stripped for 1 time, and only 7-8 green leaves at the top of the sugarcane are left.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.5-0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% fenamido, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.2 part of lodging-resistant agent, 0.1-0.2 part of spreader and the balance of water; and (4) soaking the cut sugarcane seeds in the coating agent for 25-30 minutes, taking out, airing and taking out for planting.
4. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein in steps (3) and (4), the pesticide is: 9080 Tetrachlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam, the application rate of both of which is 20-25 ml/mu.
5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the sugarcane variety is any one of cassia sugar No. 29, cassia sugar No. 44, cassia sugar No. 47, cassia sugar No. 49 and cassia sugar No. 52.
6. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step C, the mulch is a black equal width mulch.
7. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the integrated sugarcane planter comprises:
the device comprises a furrow opener (4), one end of which is provided with a soil separating part, the other end of the furrow opener (4) is provided with a seed discharging port (41), the seed discharging port (41) is communicated with a seed inlet (42), and a rotary tillage cutter group (3) and a rotary tillage plough (2) are sequentially arranged along one end of the furrow opener (4) in an outward extending way;
the seed metering device (5) comprises a conveying belt (51), the conveying belt (51) is arranged on the rack (1) through a roller (52), the blanking end of the conveying belt (51) corresponds to the seed inlet (42), and a plurality of parting beads (53) are arranged on the conveying surface of the conveying belt (51) at intervals;
the fertilizer applicator (6) comprises an automatic fertilizer discharging device, a fertilizer inlet (61) of the automatic fertilizer discharging device is communicated with the interior of a fertilizer storage box (63), and a fertilizer discharging port (62) of the automatic fertilizer discharging device is positioned between the discharging end of the conveying belt (51) and the rotary tillage cutter group (3); and
the soil covering and film covering device (7) comprises a soil inlet (71), the width of the soil inlet (71) is larger than that of the seed metering opening (41) and is opposite to the seed metering opening (41), the soil inlet (71) extends in the direction back to the seed metering opening (41) and is gradually reduced to form a soil discharging opening (72), and a film covering assembly is arranged at the position along the soil discharging opening (72).
8. The planting method according to claim 7, wherein the rotary blade group (3) comprises a rotary blade shaft (31), the rotary blade shaft (31) is provided with a rotary blade (32), the rotary blade shaft (31) is connected with an output end of a first gear box (33) arranged on the frame (1), an input end of the first gear box (33) is connected with a spline shaft (34), and the rotary blade shaft (31) is positioned between the rotary plow (2) and the soil separating part.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010279346.5A CN111386997B (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010279346.5A CN111386997B (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111386997A CN111386997A (en) | 2020-07-10 |
| CN111386997B true CN111386997B (en) | 2022-05-03 |
Family
ID=71411792
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010279346.5A Active CN111386997B (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111386997B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112470571B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-11-24 | 广西大学 | Multifunctional driving sugarcane intertillage ridger |
| CN113016549B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting tillering and stem forming of sugarcane and internode sugar accumulation under continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN113615526A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-09 | 山东省农业科学院 | Saline-resistant waterlogging-preventing concave-convex cultivation method for cotton in coastal saline-alkali land |
| CN113973681B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-02-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters |
| CN114557253B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-05-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane cultivation device and cultivation method thereof |
| CN115053778B (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2023-07-07 | 柳州工学院 | Sugarcane planting method for improving utilization of nitrogenous fertilizer of rain-fed sugarcane and reducing migration loss of nitrogenous fertilizer |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2176638Y (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1994-09-14 | 王洪仁 | Single-sapling precision-measuring automatic topdressing machine |
| CN2609327Y (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-04-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业机械研究所 | Combined planter for sugarcane |
| CN201839592U (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2011-05-25 | 广西贵港动力有限公司 | Composite type cutter cultivator |
| CN202818895U (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-03-27 | 黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院 | Intertillage ridging device |
| CN204741693U (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-11 | 北碚区复兴镇忠旭机械配件厂 | Miniature cultivator |
| CN206533694U (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-10-03 | 广西玉柴动力机械有限公司 | A kind of suspension sugarcane cultivator-cumridger |
| CN207099579U (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-03-16 | 郭天伟 | Cultivator-cumridger and cultivation and banking equipment |
| CN209402974U (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-09-20 | 山东五征集团有限公司 | Soil heaping board angle infinitely variable intertillage hiller |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1169902A (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 1999-03-16 | Toshinobu Ishihara | Planting of sugar cane and automatic sugar cane planter |
| CN100421541C (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-10-01 | 云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业机械研究所 | Wide row, double-bud horizontally placing, film-mulching method for sugar cane plantation |
| CN203775670U (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-08-20 | 广西玉柴动力机械有限公司 | Sugarcane wide-narrow row planter with deep scarification and ploughing functions |
| CN104488522A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Sugarcane planting method based on wide and narrow rows |
| CN104813787A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-08-05 | 广西钦州力顺机械有限公司 | Multifunctional wide and narrow row spacing sugarcane planter |
| CN206042785U (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-03-29 | 广西日风机械设备有限公司 | A kind of wide-and narrow-row sugarcane planting machine |
| CN106717929A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆壹点玖包企业管理咨询有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of casting skin sugarcane |
| CN107432172A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-12-05 | 崇左市岜陇品农业有限公司 | Sugarcane wide-and narrow-row zanjon plants year and receives two stubble cutting and planting methods |
| CN107673866A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-02-09 | 上海紫顺生物科技有限公司 | A kind of sugarcane specific complex organic fungi-manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN207744355U (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-08-21 | 北海市农机管理服务中心 | Sugarcane mechanization intertillage fertilising ridging all-in-one machine |
| WO2020051479A1 (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-12 | Illustris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for delivery of active agents to plants and pests |
| CN209234514U (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-08-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | A kind of sugarcane health seedling is with cutting bud machine |
| CN109588253B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-12-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane mechanized planting method |
| CN110583125B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-09-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Horizontal sugarcane precision planter |
| CN110663492A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane mechanical planting method with ultra-wide row spacing |
| CN110741792B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rail-dividing type sugarcane fertilizing and seed-metering machine |
-
2020
- 2020-04-10 CN CN202010279346.5A patent/CN111386997B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2176638Y (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1994-09-14 | 王洪仁 | Single-sapling precision-measuring automatic topdressing machine |
| CN2609327Y (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-04-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业机械研究所 | Combined planter for sugarcane |
| CN201839592U (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2011-05-25 | 广西贵港动力有限公司 | Composite type cutter cultivator |
| CN202818895U (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-03-27 | 黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院 | Intertillage ridging device |
| CN204741693U (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-11 | 北碚区复兴镇忠旭机械配件厂 | Miniature cultivator |
| CN206533694U (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-10-03 | 广西玉柴动力机械有限公司 | A kind of suspension sugarcane cultivator-cumridger |
| CN207099579U (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-03-16 | 郭天伟 | Cultivator-cumridger and cultivation and banking equipment |
| CN209402974U (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-09-20 | 山东五征集团有限公司 | Soil heaping board angle infinitely variable intertillage hiller |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111386997A (en) | 2020-07-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111386997B (en) | Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane | |
| AU2020101716A4 (en) | A Sustainable Planting Mode Based on Intercropping of Wheat and Maize with Green Manure | |
| CN103392467B (en) | Corn planting and cultivating method | |
| CN109588253B (en) | Sugarcane mechanized planting method | |
| CN103053256B (en) | Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition | |
| CN111109036B (en) | Sugarcane planting method for improving mechanical harvesting efficiency and quality of sugarcane | |
| CN110663492A (en) | Sugarcane mechanical planting method with ultra-wide row spacing | |
| CN111096207B (en) | Low-lying wide-row-spacing sugarcane mechanized planting method | |
| CN105284397A (en) | Annual field-returning shifting planting method for wheat corn twice-harvested straws | |
| CN113016549B (en) | Cultivation method for promoting tillering and stem forming of sugarcane and internode sugar accumulation under continuous cropping obstacle | |
| CN110012797B (en) | Whole-course mechanized cultivation method for wheat with rice stubble | |
| CN109220654A (en) | A kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method | |
| CN103141288A (en) | Efficient culture method for interplanting fritillary with sugarcane in greenhouses in Nantong | |
| CN110115207A (en) | A method of in Liaoning Area multiple cropping brassica campestris var purpurea, spring rape and forage rape | |
| CN110972862A (en) | Potato intercropping mung bean planting method and sowing machine | |
| CN103931398A (en) | Wheat and sesbania two-yield efficient cultivating method and wheat and sesbania matching harvesting header | |
| CN208624055U (en) | A kind of strong block-resistant type no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine | |
| CN109618848A (en) | A kind of wet pipe method of dry seeded rice | |
| CN109618838A (en) | Make light to simplify Cultivate administration method between a kind of soya corn wide cut | |
| CN112470849A (en) | Sugarcane double-bud-section planting method integrating square shape and accurately placing seeds, applying fertilizers and applying pesticides | |
| CN200983746Y (en) | Ridging type wheat plowing-free fertilizing and seeding machine | |
| CN108605750A (en) | A kind of campanulaceae standardization Efficient cultivation technique | |
| CN112772315A (en) | Whole-course mechanized high-yield synergistic planting method for summer corn in Huang-Huai-Hai tide soil area | |
| CN1031377C (en) | Artificial cultivating method for Chinese gromwell | |
| CN113973681B (en) | Sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |