CN110972862A - Potato intercropping mung bean planting method and sowing machine - Google Patents

Potato intercropping mung bean planting method and sowing machine Download PDF

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CN110972862A
CN110972862A CN201911245601.8A CN201911245601A CN110972862A CN 110972862 A CN110972862 A CN 110972862A CN 201911245601 A CN201911245601 A CN 201911245601A CN 110972862 A CN110972862 A CN 110972862A
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potato
sowing
mung bean
mung
potatoes
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王小英
王斌
王孟
陈占飞
吴艳莉
张芳
吕婧娴
方玉川
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Yulin City Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Yulin City Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato intercropping mung bean planting method and a sowing machine, wherein the potato intercropping mung bean planting method comprises the following steps: s1) land preparation and fertilization; s2) seed potato sowing pretreatment; s3) performing pretreatment of mung bean before sowing; s4). According to the method for planting the mung beans by intercropping the potatoes, the mung beans and the potatoes can be sown at the same time by specially processing the mung beans, so that the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the intercropping benefit of the potatoes and the mung beans is increased on the side surface. By adopting the potato mung bean co-sowing machine, the mung bean and the potatoes can be sown at the same time, the sowing times are reduced, the labor intensity and the cost are greatly reduced, and the intercropping benefit of the potatoes and the mung beans is increased.

Description

Potato intercropping mung bean planting method and sowing machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for planting potatoes in an intercropping mode and a sowing machine.
Background
The potato is the third crop of Shanxi, and the intercropping is a very effective cultivation mode with long history in agricultural production, so that not only can a cultivation mode suitable for coordinated growth among different crops be found, but also natural resources such as land, time, fertility, light energy and the like can be fully utilized, and the agricultural production can achieve high yield and high efficiency. Zeng, 29856 and the like screen out the potatoes and the intercropped corn intercrops in a 6-species intercropping mode of 7 crops, and the benefit is the highest. The research on Liu dynasty and Li clouding shows that the different row ratios of corn, soybean and potato are intercropped, so that the utilization rate of light, water and fertilizer is increased, the shading is reduced, the photosynthesis is increased, and the leaf senescence is delayed. The intercropping can well prevent and control the occurrence and spread of diseases, the differences of the row ratio intercropping mode of corn to potato, such as 2: 1, 2: 7, 1: 2 and 2: 2, are most obvious, and the intercropping can increase the yield of a compound population. Zhang Qingfeng reports the intercropping and interplanting cultivation technique of potato, corn, cotton, vegetables and watermelon. Scholars also report high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation modes for intercropping potatoes with soybeans, broad beans, kidney beans and peas, and the intercropping mode of potatoes and mung beans is rarely reported. Therefore, in order to further increase crop yield and change the current single planting configuration, it is necessary to study the mode of intercropping between potatoes and mung beans in order to fully exploit marginal utility and maximize the use of biospace and light. The aim of this study was to increase the yield per unit by intercropping mung beans without affecting potato yield. In addition, no seeding machine suitable for simultaneously seeding mung beans and potatoes is found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for planting mung beans for intercropping potatoes, by which the best yield per unit and yield value can be obtained.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the invention relates to a method for planting mung beans by intercropping potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
s1) soil preparation and fertilization
Land selection and land preparation: selecting soft yellow soil and soft sandy soil, and ploughing in autumn to a depth of 15-25 cm;
base fertilizer: firstly applying 1400-1600kg of organic fertilizer per mu along with plowing, secondly spreading 30-40kg of diammonium phosphate per mu within 2-3 days before sowing, and then raking the soil;
ridging: ridging is carried out when potatoes are planted, wherein the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, the width of each ridge is 70cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 10 cm;
installing a drip irrigation tape: mounting a drip irrigation tape after ridging and before planting, wherein the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 80 cm;
s2) pretreatment of potato seed before sowing
Seed potato selection: after the seed potatoes are taken out of the cellar, high-quality virus-free seed potatoes are selected, frozen, rotten, diseased, injured and wilted tubers are removed, and young potatoes or strong-age potatoes which are uniform in potato blocks, accord with variety characters and have smooth, fine and tender potato skins and are fresh are selected;
accelerating germination of the seed potatoes: taking out the seed potato 20 days before sowing, spreading 2-3 layers in bright indoor or outdoor place with wind shielding and sun exposure, turning over for 1 time 2-3 days, maintaining the temperature at 15-18 deg.C for accelerating germination, and drying to green or purple when the length of young bud reaches 1 cm;
cutting into blocks and dressing seeds: cutting the buds, wherein the weight of each bud is 30-50g, and the minimum weight is not less than 30 g; when cutting seeds, the cutter is disinfected by 75% alcohol, and the cutter is changed once every 1 potato block is cut; the bud blocks are preferably cut and sown at the same time; mixing the seeds with talcum powder and thiophanate methyl when sowing, wherein 15g of talcum powder and 0.4-0.5g of thiophanate methyl are used for every 1kg of potato seeds;
s3) pretreatment of mung bean before sowing
Selecting mung beans: selecting multi-resistance vertical plant type varieties from the mung beans; manually removing seeds before sowing, rinsing with clear water to remove impurities, inferior seeds and bad seeds damaged by worms, airing for 2-3 days, and then coating; the coating method of the mung beans comprises the following steps: heating and melting paraffin, adding polypropylene under stirring, heating, dissolving the polypropylene and the paraffin at a ratio of 1:35-40 at 180 ℃ until all materials become uniform phases, coating mung bean seeds with the obtained solution, and curing the coated seeds to obtain coated seeds;
s4) sowing
Sowing the seed potatoes and the coated mung bean seeds at the same time in the ten days of 5 months, sowing the seed potato buds in the middle of ridges by adopting a potato and mung bean simultaneous sowing machine and a deep-planting shallow-earthing technology, wherein the sowing depth is 15-20cm, the earthing is 10-12cm, and the potato planting density is as follows: 3000 plants per mu, 80cm row spacing and 25cm plant spacing; the mung beans are sown by adopting a potato mung bean co-sowing machine according to the plant spacing, 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, 2 rows of mung beans are intercropped, and the mung beans are planted on two sides of a potato furrow, wherein the plant spacing is 13-15 cm.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s5) field management
Seedling checking, supplementing and setting: one week after the mung beans are sowed, attention is paid to checking seedlings, seedlings are found to be deficient, and germination is immediately promoted for replanting; when the first compound leaf is unfolded, pulling out the disease, weak and young seedlings and keeping the healthy and strong seedlings; when the second compound leaf is unfolded, the seedling is fixed according to the density requirement;
intertillage weeding and ridging: carrying out intertillage weeding twice in the bud emergence and flowering period of the potatoes, ridging, filling up ditches to form low ridges, wherein the ridges are 4-6cm high, and increasing a potato layer;
topdressing: 5 kg/mu of urea is applied with water in the flowering period of the potatoes.
And (3) irrigation: drip irrigation once in time after sowing to ensure seedling emergence.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s6) pest control
1) Pest and disease control for potato
Early blight, late blight: in order to control the source of disease and reduce the occurrence of central disease plants, the antasheng, the Yinfalli, the Jinleduomieer manganese zinc and the Kelu medicament are used for alternate prevention and control, so that the repeated use of a bactericide is avoided;
aboveground pests: the aphid is prevented and controlled by spraying imidacloprid, pirimicarb and other medicaments; the cypermethrin is used for preventing and controlling the ladybug dioctadecylate by spraying;
soil insects: 0.5kg of 10% diazinon granules or 1kg of 8% carbofuran-diniconazole granules of hero in the ground are used per mu, mixed with 300kg of poisonous soil or poisonous sand and spread, and then the mixture is turned into the soil; or hole application and furrow application are carried out during seeding; or the fertilizer is scattered on the ground surface in the growing period of the crops, and then the harrows are mixed in the soil;
2) disease and pest control of mung bean
Deeply turning over in spring and autumn, reducing the overwintering base number of pests, removing stems and leaves with diseases, and reducing pathogenic bacteria; when ploughing, the special pesticide for underground pests is spread to prevent the underground pests; the effective, low-toxic and low-residue pyrethrin and special-purpose pesticide and acaricide are used for preventing and curing red spider and bean aphid.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s7) harvesting
Harvesting the potatoes: harvesting when stems and leaves of most of field potatoes turn yellow and wither and tubers stop expanding, avoiding sunlight irradiation as much as possible during harvesting, and grading, arranging and packaging according to market requirements;
harvesting the mung beans: when more than 50% of plants in the field have 75% of pods mature, the period is suitable for harvest; drying in the sun, threshing and drying in the sun after harvesting; and when the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 14.5 percent, warehousing and storing.
The invention also aims to provide a potato mung bean co-sowing and sowing machine adopted in the potato intercropping mung bean planting method.
The potato mung bean co-sowing machine comprises a rack, and a ditching mechanism and an earth covering mechanism which are sequentially arranged from front to back, wherein a potato sowing mechanism and a mung bean sowing mechanism are also arranged on the rack in parallel, and the potato sowing mechanism and the mung bean sowing mechanism are positioned between the ditching mechanism and the earth covering mechanism; the two sides of the rack are respectively provided with a wheel, the axial directions of wheel shafts of the two wheels are the same, and the height of the wheels relative to the rack can be adjusted up and down.
Further, potato sowing mechanism is including the bud piece hopper, bud piece transport mechanism, the seeding pipe that from top to bottom set gradually, the bud piece hopper is the funnel type, the bottom of bud piece hopper is provided with opening A, bud piece transport mechanism includes motor A, carousel, layer board, motor A's power output shaft and the coaxial fixed connection of carousel, the carousel top centers on the carousel outside edge is provided with a plurality of drums that the round set up side by side vertically, the setting of carousel below is hugged closely to the layer board, and the edge of layer board shelters from the bottom nozzle department of drum, the edge of layer board is provided with a through-hole, works as when the carousel rotates, the drum follows in proper order through-hole nozzle department sweeps, the vertical setting of seeding pipe, the butt joint of the top nozzle of seeding pipe and the through-hole on the layer board.
Further, mung bean sowing mechanism includes kind case, motor B, pivot, motor B's power output shaft is connected with the pivot transmission, the axial of pivot is horizontal to be set up, and the bottom of kind case is provided with opening B, the pivot is located opening B below to make the outer periphery shutoff of pivot block up opening B, be provided with the recess on the outer periphery of pivot.
Further, be provided with a crossbeam in the frame, potato seeding mechanism and mung bean seeding mechanism install on the crossbeam, just potato seeding mechanism and mung bean seeding mechanism are adjustable in position on the crossbeam.
Further, potato sowing mechanism and mung bean sowing mechanism respectively are provided with two, two mung bean sowing mechanisms are located between two potato sowing mechanisms, be provided with four sliders on the crossbeam, the slider can be followed the crossbeam removes, be provided with set screw on the slider and be used for fixing the slider on the crossbeam, the sign has the scale on the crossbeam, two mung bean sowing mechanisms and two potato sowing mechanisms set up respectively on four sliders.
The potato intercropping mung bean planting method and the sowing machine have the following beneficial effects:
1) the ridging specification and size determined by repeated field tests are very beneficial to yield increase and efficiency increase of the intercropping of the potatoes and the mung beans.
2) According to the method for planting the mung beans by intercropping the potatoes, the mung beans and the potatoes can be sown at the same time by specially processing the mung beans, so that the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the intercropping benefit of the potatoes and the mung beans is increased on the side surface.
3) By adopting the potato mung bean co-sowing machine, the mung bean and the potatoes can be sown at the same time, the sowing times are reduced, the labor intensity and the cost are greatly reduced, and the intercropping benefit of the potatoes and the mung beans is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the potato mung bean co-sowing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the potato mung bean simulcast seeding machine of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure shown in area A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of another potato mung bean simulcast seeding machine of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of region B in fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
example 1 Potato intercropping Green Bean planting method
The invention relates to a method for planting mung beans by intercropping potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
s1) soil preparation and fertilization
1. Land selection and land preparation: the method is characterized in that soft yellow soil, soft sandy soil and the like with deep soil layer, loose structure and moderate fertility are selected, cereal crops are preferably used as former stubbles, continuous cropping and stubble-reaping are avoided, the soil jacking capacity is weaker when potatoes and mung beans emerge, the requirement on soil preparation is higher, deep ploughing and fine harrowing are needed to loosen soil, store water and preserve soil moisture, increase the air permeability of the soil and ensure the whole seedlings. The deep ploughing in autumn is best to deepen the live soil layer, and the ploughing depth is generally 15-25 cm. And (5) performing grain grinding to preserve soil moisture after ploughing. The thin harrow is ploughed shallowly before film covering, so that the loosening is moderate, the ground is smooth, and good soil conditions are created for film covering and seeding.
2. Base fertilizer: firstly, 1500kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land along with ploughing. And secondly, spreading 35kg of diammonium phosphate in each mu within 2-3 days before sowing, and then raking the soil.
3. Ridging: research on intercropping mode of potatoes and mung beans is carried out on sandy soil in the elm area. Through a plurality of tests, the result shows that the best mode for intercropping the mung beans between the potatoes is to intercroph the mung beans between the potatoes in 2 rows and 2 rows, the yield is the highest, and the reduced yield of the potatoes and the mung beans is 14728 kg.hm respectively－2And 350 kg. hm－2The output value reaches 27065 yuan hm－2. The optimal ridge height and ridge width suitable for intercropping 2 rows of potatoes and 2 rows of mung beans are 15-20cm in ridge height and 70cm in width, and the distance between ridges is 10 cm.
4. Installing a drip irrigation tape: the sandy soil is suitable for laying drip irrigation belts, the drip irrigation belts are installed after ridging and before planting, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 80 cm.
S2) pretreatment of potato seed before sowing
Seed potato selection: after the seed potatoes are taken out of the cellar, high-quality virus-free seed potatoes are selected, frozen, rotten, diseased, injured and wilted tubers are removed, and young or strong potatoes which are neat in tuber blocks, accord with the characteristics of the variety, and have smooth, fine and tender potato skins, such as summer spinach pedicels and LK99, are selected.
Accelerating germination of the seed potatoes: taking out the seed potato 20 days before sowing, spreading 2-3 layers in bright indoor or outdoor place, turning for 1 time 2-3 days, maintaining at 15-18 deg.C for accelerating germination, and drying to green or purple when the sprout length reaches 1 cm.
Cutting into blocks and dressing seeds: the big bud blocks are the key of high yield of the potatoes, and the weight of each bud block preferably reaches 50g, and the minimum weight of each bud block is not less than 30 g. When cutting seeds, the cutter is sterilized by 75 percent alcohol, and the cutter is changed once every 1 potato block is cut. The buds are preferably cut and sown at the same time, and the accumulation time is not too long (the buds in the bud pile generate heat during the accumulation, and the buds are easily burnt due to too long time). When sowing, the talcum powder and the thiophanate methyl are used for dressing seeds (15 g of talcum powder and 0.4-0.5g of thiophanate methyl are used for 1kg of potato seeds), so that not only can the rot caused by the infection of germs of the potato seeds be reduced, but also callus can be formed, and the water loss can be reduced.
S3) pretreatment of mung bean before sowing
Selecting mung beans: the mung bean is selected from multi-resistance vertical plant type varieties, such as Zhonglv No. 8 and Weigreen No. 9; manually removing seeds before sowing, rinsing with clear water to remove impurities, inferior seeds and bad seeds damaged by worms, airing for 2-3 days, and then coating; the coating method of the mung beans comprises the following steps: heating and melting paraffin, adding polypropylene under stirring, heating, dissolving the polypropylene and the paraffin at a ratio of 1:35-40 at the temperature of 175-;
the suitable sowing date of the mung beans is about half a month later than that of the potatoes in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, so that the seed coating can delay the germination time of the mung bean seeds, the mung beans and the potatoes can be sown simultaneously, the sowing times are reduced, and the sowing cost is reduced.
S4) sowing
Sowing the seed potatoes and the coated mung bean seeds at the same time in the ten days of 5 months, sowing the seed potato buds in the middle of ridges by adopting a potato and mung bean simultaneous sowing machine and a deep-planting shallow-earthing technology, wherein the sowing depth is 15-20cm, the earthing is 10-12cm, and the potato planting density is as follows: 3000 plants per mu, 80cm row spacing and 25cm plant spacing; the mung beans are sown by adopting a potato mung bean co-sowing machine according to the plant spacing, 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, 2 rows of mung beans are intercropped, and the mung beans are planted on two sides of a potato furrow, wherein the plant spacing is 13-15 cm.
S5) field management
Seedling checking, supplementing and setting: one week after the mung beans are sowed, attention is paid to checking seedlings, seedlings are found to be deficient, and germination is immediately promoted for replanting; when the first compound leaf is unfolded, pulling out the disease, weak and young seedlings and keeping the healthy and strong seedlings; when the second compound leaf is unfolded, the seedling is fixed according to the density requirement;
intertillage weeding and ridging: carrying out intertillage weeding twice in the bud emergence and flowering period of the potatoes, ridging, filling up ditches to form low ridges, wherein the ridges are 4-6cm high, and increasing a potato layer; meanwhile, the method can prevent the late stage of excessive overcast and rainy days, which causes ponding and leads to yield reduction or tuber decay.
Topdressing: 5 kg/mu of urea is applied with water in the flowering period of the potatoes.
And (3) irrigation: drip irrigation once in time after sowing to ensure seedling emergence.
S6) pest control
1) Pest and disease control for potato
Early blight, late blight: in order to control the source of disease and reduce the occurrence of central disease plants, the antasheng, the Yinfalli, the Jinleduomieer manganese zinc and the Kelu medicament are used for alternate prevention and control, so that the repeated use of a bactericide is avoided;
aboveground pests: the aphid is prevented and controlled by spraying imidacloprid, pirimicarb and other medicaments; the cypermethrin is used for preventing and controlling the ladybug dioctadecylate by spraying;
soil insects: 0.5kg of 10% diazinon granules or 1kg of 8% carbofuran-diniconazole granules of hero in the ground are used per mu, mixed with 300kg of poisonous soil or poisonous sand and spread, and then the mixture is turned into the soil; or hole application and furrow application are carried out during seeding; or the fertilizer is scattered on the ground surface in the growing period of the crops, and then the harrows are mixed in the soil;
2) disease and pest control of mung bean
Deeply turning over in spring and autumn, reducing the overwintering base number of pests, removing stems and leaves with diseases, and reducing pathogenic bacteria; when ploughing, the special pesticide for underground pests is spread to prevent the underground pests; the effective, low-toxic and low-residue pyrethrin and special-purpose pesticide and acaricide are used for preventing and curing red spider and bean aphid.
S7) harvesting
Harvesting the potatoes: harvesting when stems and leaves of most of field potatoes turn yellow and wither and tubers stop expanding, avoiding sunlight irradiation as much as possible during harvesting, and grading, arranging and packaging according to market requirements;
harvesting the mung beans: mung beans have both infinite pod bearing and limited pod bearing habits, and for varieties with infinite pod bearing habits, the flowering phase is longer, the mature period is inconsistent, the pods at the lower part of the plant are already mature, and the pods at the upper part of the plant are still greenish or are being grouted and swelled. The grain color is not good, the grain shape is irregular, blighted grains are increased, and the quality is reduced; the pod is easy to crack and fall after late harvest, the luster of grains is reduced, the grain color is deepened, and the appearance quality is reduced. After a plurality of tests, the condition that the field is in a proper harvest period when 75% of the plants above 50% in the field have mature pods is concluded; drying in the sun, threshing and drying in the sun after harvesting; and when the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 14.5 percent, warehousing and storing.
Example 2 Potato mung Bean sowing machine
As shown in fig. 1-5, the potato mung bean co-sowing seeding machine comprises a frame 1, a ditching mechanism 2 and an earthing mechanism 3 which are sequentially arranged from front to back, wherein a potato sowing mechanism 4 and a mung bean sowing mechanism 5 are also arranged on the frame 1 in parallel, and the potato sowing mechanism and the mung bean sowing mechanism are positioned between the ditching mechanism 2 and the earthing mechanism 3; the two sides of the rack 1 are respectively provided with a wheel 6, the wheel shafts of the two wheels are the same in axial direction, the height of the wheels relative to the rack 1 can be adjusted up and down, the wheels can be installed on a swing arm connected with a hydraulic cylinder, one end of the swing arm is hinged to the rack, the wheels are hinged to the other end of the swing arm, two ends of the hydraulic cylinder are hinged to the middle of the rack and the middle of the swing arm respectively, and the swing arm can be driven by the hydraulic cylinder to swing to adjust the height of. Specifically, potato sowing mechanism 4 is including the bud piece hopper 41, bud piece transport mechanism, the seeding pipe 42 that from top to bottom set gradually, the bud piece hopper is the funnel type, the bottom of bud piece hopper is provided with opening A43, bud piece transport mechanism includes motor A44, carousel 45, layer board 46, motor A44's power output shaft and the coaxial fixed connection of carousel 45, the carousel top centers on the carousel outside edge is provided with a plurality of drums 47 that the round set up side by side vertically, the setting of carousel below is hugged closely to the layer board, and the bottom nozzle department of drum is sheltered from to the edge of layer board, the edge of layer board is provided with a through-hole 48, works as when the carousel rotates, drum 47 follows in proper order through-hole nozzle department sweeps, the vertical setting of seeding pipe, the top nozzle of seeding pipe 42 docks with the through-hole on the layer board. Mung bean sowing mechanism 5 includes kind case 51, motor B52, pivot 53, motor B's power output shaft is connected with the pivot transmission, the axial of pivot is transversely set up, and the bottom of kind case is provided with opening B54, the pivot is located opening B below to make the outer periphery shutoff of pivot block up opening B, be provided with recess 55 on the outer periphery of pivot. In addition, the quantity and the position of the ditching mechanisms 2 and the earthing mechanisms 3 correspond to the quantity and the position of the potato seeding mechanisms and the mung bean seeding mechanisms one by one, the ditching depth of each ditching mechanism can be independently adjusted, the earthing thickness of each earthing mechanism can also be independently adjusted, and the specific structures of the ditching mechanisms 2 and the earthing mechanisms 3 can adopt the prior art.
The working method of the potato mung bean co-sowing machine in the embodiment comprises the following steps: before seeding, the machine frame is hung on power machines such as a tractor and the like, the height of wheels is adjusted, and the ditching depth of the ditching mechanism and the soil covering thickness of the soil covering mechanism are respectively adjusted to the potato seeding mechanism and the mung bean seeding mechanism which are to be arranged. The positions of the potato seeding mechanism and the mung bean seeding mechanism and the distance between the potato seeding mechanism and the mung bean seeding mechanism are correspondingly adjusted according to the intercropping distance between the potatoes and the mung beans.
The potato mung bean co-sowing machine achieves the purpose of sowing potatoes and mung beans at the same time, so that the potato intercropping mung bean planting method in the embodiment 1 is smoothly implemented. The labor cost for sowing can be obviously reduced by sowing the potatoes and the mung beans simultaneously.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a beam 11 is arranged on the rack 1, the potato seeding mechanism and the mung bean seeding mechanism are arranged on the beam, and the positions of the potato seeding mechanism and the mung bean seeding mechanism on the beam are adjustable. The arrangement can realize the adjustment of the row spacing between the potatoes and the mung beans.
As the further improvement of above-mentioned technical scheme, potato sowing mechanism and mung bean sowing mechanism respectively are provided with two, two mung bean sowing mechanisms are located between two potato sowing mechanisms, be provided with four slider 12 on the crossbeam, the slider can be followed the crossbeam removes, be provided with set screw on the slider and be used for fixing the slider on the crossbeam, the sign has the scale on the crossbeam, two mung bean sowing mechanisms and two potato sowing mechanisms set up respectively on four sliders. The seeding row spacing can be very conveniently adjusted by arranging the scales and the sliding blocks on the cross beam, and the row spacing distance is more accurate.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.

Claims (9)

1. The method for planting the potato intercropping mung beans is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1) soil preparation and fertilization
Land selection and land preparation: selecting soft yellow soil and soft sandy soil, and ploughing in autumn to a depth of 15-25 cm;
base fertilizer: firstly applying 1400-1600kg of organic fertilizer per mu along with plowing, secondly spreading 30-40kg of diammonium phosphate per mu within 2-3 days before sowing, and then raking the soil;
ridging: ridging is carried out when potatoes are planted, wherein the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, the width of each ridge is 70cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 10 cm;
installing a drip irrigation tape: mounting a drip irrigation tape after ridging and before planting, wherein the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 80 cm;
s2) pretreatment of potato seed before sowing
Seed potato selection: after the seed potatoes are taken out of the cellar, high-quality virus-free seed potatoes are selected, frozen, rotten, diseased, injured and wilted tubers are removed, and young potatoes or strong-age potatoes which are uniform in potato blocks, accord with variety characters and have smooth, fine and tender potato skins and are fresh are selected;
accelerating germination of the seed potatoes: taking out the seed potato 20 days before sowing, spreading 2-3 layers in bright indoor or outdoor place with wind shielding and sun exposure, turning over for 1 time 2-3 days, maintaining the temperature at 15-18 deg.C for accelerating germination, and drying to green or purple when the length of young bud reaches 1 cm;
cutting into blocks and dressing seeds: cutting the buds, wherein the weight of each bud is 30-50g, and the minimum weight is not less than 30 g; when cutting seeds, the cutter is disinfected by 75% alcohol, and the cutter is changed once every 1 potato block is cut; the bud blocks are preferably cut and sown at the same time; mixing the seeds with talcum powder and thiophanate methyl when sowing, wherein 15g of talcum powder and 0.4-0.5g of thiophanate methyl are used for every 1kg of potato seeds;
s3) pretreatment of mung bean before sowing
Selecting mung beans: selecting multi-resistance vertical plant type varieties from the mung beans; manually removing seeds before sowing, rinsing with clear water to remove impurities, inferior seeds and bad seeds damaged by worms, airing for 2-3 days, and then coating; the coating method of the mung beans comprises the following steps: heating and melting paraffin, adding polypropylene under stirring, heating at a ratio of polypropylene to paraffin of 1:35-40, dissolving at 180 deg.C until all materials become homogeneous phase, coating mung bean seeds with the obtained solution, and curing the coated seeds to obtain coated seeds.
S4) sowing
Sowing the seed potatoes and the coated mung bean seeds at the same time in the ten days of 5 months, sowing the seed potato buds in the middle of ridges by adopting a potato and mung bean simultaneous sowing machine and a deep-planting shallow-earthing technology, wherein the sowing depth is 15-20cm, the earthing is 10-12cm, and the potato planting density is as follows: 3000 plants per mu, 80cm row spacing and 25cm plant spacing; the mung beans are sown by adopting a potato mung bean co-sowing machine according to the plant spacing, 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, 2 rows of mung beans are intercropped, and the mung beans are planted on two sides of a potato furrow, wherein the plant spacing is 13-15 cm.
2. The method for planting potato intercropped mung beans as recited in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s5) field management
Seedling checking, supplementing and setting: one week after the mung beans are sowed, attention is paid to checking seedlings, seedlings are found to be deficient, and germination is immediately promoted for replanting; when the first compound leaf is unfolded, pulling out the disease, weak and young seedlings and keeping the healthy and strong seedlings; when the second compound leaf is unfolded, the seedling is fixed according to the density requirement;
intertillage weeding and ridging: carrying out intertillage weeding twice in the bud emergence and flowering period of the potatoes, ridging, filling up ditches to form low ridges, wherein the ridges are 4-6cm high, and increasing a potato layer;
topdressing: 5 kg/mu of urea is applied with water in the flowering period of the potatoes.
And (3) irrigation: drip irrigation once in time after sowing to ensure seedling emergence.
3. The method for planting potato intercropped mung beans as recited in claim 2, further comprising the steps of:
s6) pest control
1) Pest and disease control for potato
Early blight, late blight: in order to control the source of disease and reduce the occurrence of central disease plants, the antasheng, the Yinfalli, the Jinleduomieer manganese zinc and the Kelu medicament are used for alternate prevention and control, so that the repeated use of a bactericide is avoided;
aboveground pests: the aphid is prevented and controlled by spraying imidacloprid, pirimicarb and other medicaments; the cypermethrin is used for preventing and controlling the ladybug dioctadecylate by spraying;
soil insects: 0.5kg of 10% diazinon granules or 1kg of 8% carbofuran-diniconazole granules of hero in the ground are used per mu, mixed with 300kg of poisonous soil or poisonous sand and spread, and then the mixture is turned into the soil; or hole application and furrow application are carried out during seeding; or the fertilizer is scattered on the ground surface in the growing period of the crops, and then the harrows are mixed in the soil;
2) disease and pest control of mung bean
Deeply turning over in spring and autumn, reducing the overwintering base number of pests, removing stems and leaves with diseases, and reducing pathogenic bacteria; when ploughing, the special pesticide for underground pests is spread to prevent the underground pests; the effective, low-toxic and low-residue pyrethrin and special-purpose pesticide and acaricide are used for preventing and curing red spider and bean aphid.
4. The method for planting potato intercropped mung beans as recited in claim 3, further comprising the steps of:
s7) harvesting
Harvesting the potatoes: harvesting when stems and leaves of most of field potatoes turn yellow and wither and tubers stop expanding, avoiding sunlight irradiation as much as possible during harvesting, and grading, arranging and packaging according to market requirements;
harvesting the mung beans: when more than 50% of plants in the field have 75% of pods mature, the period is suitable for harvest; drying in the sun, threshing and drying in the sun after harvesting; and when the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 14.5 percent, warehousing and storing.
5. A potato mung bean simulcast seeding machine used in the potato intercropping mung bean planting method as set forth in claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the potato seeding machine comprises a rack, and a ditching mechanism and an earthing mechanism which are sequentially arranged from front to back, wherein a potato seeding mechanism and a mung bean seeding mechanism are also arranged on the rack in parallel, and are positioned between the ditching mechanism and the earthing mechanism; the two sides of the rack are respectively provided with a wheel, the axial directions of wheel shafts of the two wheels are the same, and the height of the wheels relative to the rack can be adjusted up and down.
6. The potato mung bean simulcast seeding machine according to claim 5, wherein: potato sowing mechanism is including the bud piece hopper, bud piece transport mechanism, the seeding pipe that from top to bottom set gradually, the bud piece hopper is the funnel type, the bottom of bud piece hopper is provided with opening A, bud piece transport mechanism includes motor A, carousel, layer board, motor A's power output shaft and the coaxial fixed connection of carousel, the carousel top centers on the carousel outside edge is provided with a plurality of drums of the vertical setting of round side by side, the setting of carousel below is hugged closely to the layer board, and the edge of layer board shelters from the bottom nozzle department of drum, the edge of layer board is provided with a through-hole, works as when the carousel rotates, the drum follows in proper order through-hole nozzle department sweeps, the vertical setting of seeding pipe, the butt joint of the top nozzle of seeding pipe and the through-hole on the layer board.
7. The potato mung bean simulcast seeding machine of claim 6, wherein: mung bean sowing mechanism includes kind case, motor B, pivot, motor B's power output shaft is connected with the pivot transmission, the axial of pivot is transversely set up, and the bottom of kind case is provided with opening B, the pivot is located opening B below to make the outer periphery shutoff of pivot block up opening B, be provided with the recess on the outer periphery of pivot.
8. The potato mung bean simulcast seeding machine of claim 7, wherein: the potato seeder is characterized in that a cross beam is arranged on the rack, the potato seeding mechanism and the mung bean seeding mechanism are arranged on the cross beam, and the positions of the potato seeding mechanism and the mung bean seeding mechanism on the cross beam are adjustable.
9. The potato mung bean simulcast seeding machine of claim 8, wherein: potato sowing mechanism and mung bean sowing mechanism respectively are provided with two, two mung bean sowing mechanisms are located between two potato sowing mechanisms, be provided with four sliders on the crossbeam, the slider can be followed the crossbeam removes, be provided with set screw on the slider and be used for fixing the slider on the crossbeam, the sign has the scale on the crossbeam, two mung bean sowing mechanisms and two potato sowing mechanisms set up respectively on four sliders.
CN201911245601.8A 2019-12-07 2019-12-07 Potato intercropping mung bean planting method and sowing machine Pending CN110972862A (en)

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CN115428618A (en) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-06 黑龙江大学 Automatic sowing machine for agricultural organic granular manure

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