CN111384441A - Battery electrolyte additive, electrolyte containing additive and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Battery electrolyte additive, electrolyte containing additive and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111384441A CN111384441A CN201910158849.4A CN201910158849A CN111384441A CN 111384441 A CN111384441 A CN 111384441A CN 201910158849 A CN201910158849 A CN 201910158849A CN 111384441 A CN111384441 A CN 111384441A
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- Prior art keywords
- additive
- battery electrolyte
- electrolyte
- lithium ion
- ion battery
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NEILRVQRJBVMSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(O)(O)O.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C Chemical compound B(O)(O)O.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C NEILRVQRJBVMSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003860 C1-C20 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003358 C2-C20 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004643 (C1-C12) haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004641 (C1-C12) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006710 (C2-C12) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006729 (C2-C5) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XJYDIOOQMIRSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiepane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCCCO1 XJYDIOOQMIRSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VTHRQKSLPFJQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(2-cyanoethoxy)ethoxy]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCOCCOCCC#N VTHRQKSLPFJQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012265 LiPO2F2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RBBXSUBZFUWCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hydrogen sulfite Chemical compound OS(=O)OC=C RBBXSUBZFUWCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000262 haloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004438 haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZRZFJYHYRSRUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.OP(O)(O)=O ZRZFJYHYRSRUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020632 Co Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020678 Co—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides an additive applied to battery electrolyte, which has the structure shown in the following (I),
the substituents are shown in the specification. The invention also provides an electrolyte and a battery using the additive. The additive provided by the invention can effectively reduce the interface impedance and charge transfer impedance between negative electrode materials such as graphite, silicon carbon and the like and electrolyte, and further effectively improve the cycle stability and rate capability of the negative electrode materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery electrolyte, and relates to an additive for lithium ion battery electrolyte, and electrolyte and a lithium ion battery using the additive.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, high working voltage, small self-discharge, no memory effect and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of 3C, energy storage, power batteries and the like. The development of lithium ion batteries is in the important direction, such as longer cycle life, higher energy density, faster rate performance, wider use temperature, lower price cost and the like.
The electrolyte is one of the key materials of the lithium ion battery, has the function of conducting lithium ions between the anode and the cathode, and has important influence on the rate capability, the cycle life, the temperature window and the like of the battery. The lithium ion electrolyte mainly comprises three parts of a solvent, lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive is divided into a negative electrode film forming additive, a water removing additive, a positive electrode film forming additive, an electrical conductivity improving additive, a wettability improving additive, a flame retardant additive and the like according to different functions.
As for the negative electrode film-forming additive, when the negative electrode film-forming additive is applied to a lithium ion battery, in the first charging process of the lithium ion battery, the negative electrode film-forming additive is firstly subjected to reductive decomposition in an electrolyte solvent, and a generated product is deposited on the surface of a negative electrode to form a passivation layer, which is also called an sei (solid electrochemical interface) film. The SEI film only allows lithium ions to pass through, so that the solvated lithium ions can be effectively prevented from being inserted into graphite layers, the graphite is prevented from being stripped, side reactions between a negative electrode and electrolyte can be effectively prevented, and the cycle stability of the lithium battery is improved. In addition, the SEI film also has an important influence on conductivity, temperature properties, and the like.
Typical negative electrode film forming additives reported in the prior art include Vinylene Carbonate (VC), Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate (VEC), 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and the like. These negative electrode film-forming additives can improve the cycle performance of the negative electrode of the battery, but have problems in improving the high-temperature and rate performance.
Therefore, it is necessary to further study the negative electrode film-forming additive used in lithium ion batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery electrolyte additive, which has the following structural formula (I):
wherein:
r1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 haloalkyl, C2-C20 haloalkenyl and C1-C20 haloalkoxy.
The substituent groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 of the compound shown in the structural formula (I) are independently selected from C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 haloalkyl, C2-C20 haloalkenyl and C1-C20 haloalkoxy.
Preferably, the substituents R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C2-C12 haloalkenyl and C1-C12 haloalkoxy.
More preferably, the substituents R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C5 alkyl, C2-C5 alkenyl, C1-C5 alkoxy, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C2-C5 haloalkenyl and C1-C5 haloalkoxy.
Even more preferably, the substituents R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C5 alkyl groups and C1-C5 haloalkyl groups.
Most preferably, the substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are independently selected from C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 haloalkyl.
The battery electrolyte additive shown in the structural formula (I) is suitable to be used as a negative electrode film forming additive in battery electrolyte.
When the compound represented by the structural formula (I) is used as a negative electrode film-forming additive, the negative electrode of the battery is preferably graphite, silicon carbon or metallic lithium.
When the compound shown in the structural formula (I) is used as a negative electrode film forming additive, the negative electrode film forming additive can further comprise other negative electrode film forming additives.
In a preferred embodiment, the negative electrode film forming additive includes a compound represented by the structural formula (I) and at least one selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, tris (trimethylsilane) borate, fluoroethylene carbonate and vinylethylene carbonate.
In a further preferred mode, the negative electrode film-forming additive includes a compound represented by the structural formula (I) and at least one selected from vinylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, and tris (trimethylsilane) borate.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery electrolyte which contains the compound shown in the structural formula (I).
When the lithium ion battery electrolyte contains the compound shown in the structural formula (I), the content of the compound shown in the structural formula (I) in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is preferably 0.1-5%. More preferably, in the lithium ion battery electrolyte, the content of the compound represented by the structural formula (I) is 0.2 to 2 percent.
The lithium ion battery electrolyte provided by the invention can further contain lithium salt, organic solvent and additive besides the compound shown in the structural formula (I), namely: the lithium ion battery electrolyte contains lithium salt, an organic solvent, an additive and a compound shown in a structural formula (I).
The lithium salt used in the lithium ion battery electrolyte provided by the invention can be a lithium salt commonly used in the field. Preferably, the lithium salt is selected from LiBF4、LiPF6、LiFSI、LiTFSI、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiSO3CF3、 LiC2O4BC2O4、LiF2BC2O4、LiDTI、LiPO2F2At least one of (1).
The organic solvent used in the lithium ion battery electrolyte provided by the invention can be an organic solvent commonly used in the field. Preferably, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of carbonate, phosphate, carboxylate, ether, nitrile and sulfone solvents.
The additive used in the lithium ion battery electrolyte provided by the invention can be an additive which is beneficial to improving the performance of the electrolyte. Preferably, the additive is selected from at least one of a negative electrode film forming additive, a water removal additive, a positive electrode film forming additive, a conductivity increasing additive, a wettability improving additive, and a flame retardant additive. It is further preferred that the additive is selected from at least one of biphenyl, Vinylene Carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, propylene sulfite, butylene sulfite, 1, 3-Propanesultone (PS), 1, 4-butanesultone, 1,3- (1-propene) sultone, vinyl sulfite, vinyl sulfate, cyclohexylbenzene, tris (trimethylsilane) borate (TMSB), tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate, tert-butyl benzene, succinonitrile, ethylene glycol bis (propionitrile) ether, and succinic anhydride. Still more preferably, the additive is selected from at least one of vinylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, tris (trimethylsilane) borate, fluoroethylene carbonate and vinylethylene carbonate.
When the lithium ion battery electrolyte contains lithium salt, organic solvent, additive and compound shown in the structural formula (I), the content of the lithium salt, the organic solvent, the additive and the compound shown in the structural formula (I) in the electrolyte can improve the performance of the battery. Preferably, in the lithium ion battery electrolyte, the content of lithium salt is 5-15%, the content of organic solvent is 72-95%, the content of additive is 0.2-10%, and the content of compound shown in structural formula (I) is 0.1-5%.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery containing the electrolyte. In addition to the above electrolyte, the lithium ion battery according to the present invention may further include other components commonly used in lithium ion batteries described in the art.
When the compound shown in the structural formula (I) provided by the invention is used in a battery electrolyte, compared with the prior art, the compound has the following advantages:
(1) the compound shown in the structural formula (I) can effectively improve the interfacial wettability of the electrolyte to the electrode and reduce the interfacial contact impedance;
(2) the compound shown in the structural formula (I) has high reduction potential, and can be reduced and decomposed on the surfaces of graphite, silicon cathodes, metal lithium and other cathodes in advance of a common solvent of an electrolyte to generate an SEI film;
(3) the content of N and Li in the generated SEI film is increased, so that the SEI film is more stable, and the impedance of the SEI film can be effectively reduced;
(4) the interface impedance and the charge transfer impedance between the negative electrode materials such as graphite, silicon carbon and the like and the electrolyte can be effectively reduced, and the cycle stability and the rate capability of the negative electrode materials are further effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a LSV curve of the battery electrolytes prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the graphite negative electrode surface of the assembled graphite/lithium metal half cell of example 1 and comparative example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph of rate capability of the electrolytes prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 XPS plots of the graphite anode surface after cycling for electrolyte assembled batteries prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention encompasses all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the scope of the claims.
Firstly, electrolyte preparation and battery performance test
Example 1
(1) Preparation of the electrolyte
Ethylene Carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) were mixed in a mass ratio of EC: DEC: EMC ═ 3:2:5, and then lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was added6) Until the molar concentration of lithium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte was 1mol/L, 1% of compound 1 by mass of the total electrolyte was added. Compound 1 has the structure:
(2) preparation of Positive plate
A positive electrode active material lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide LiNi was mixed in a mass ratio of 93:4:30.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Or lithium cobaltate LiCoO2Conductive carbon black Super-P and a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and then dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a positive electrode slurry. And (3) uniformly coating the slurry on two sides of the aluminum foil, drying, rolling and vacuum drying, and welding an aluminum outgoing line by using an ultrasonic welding machine to obtain the positive plate.
(3) Preparation of negative plate
Mixing artificial graphite serving as a negative electrode active material, conductive carbon black Super-P, Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) serving as a binder and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) according to a mass ratio of 92:2:3:3, and dispersing the materials in deionized water to obtain negative electrode slurry. Coating the slurry on two sides of a copper foil, drying, rolling and vacuum drying, and welding a nickel outgoing line by using an ultrasonic welding machine to obtain the negative plate.
(4) Preparation of cell
And placing a polyethylene microporous membrane with the thickness of 20 mu m between the positive plate and the negative plate as a diaphragm, then winding a sandwich structure consisting of the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm, and encapsulating the wound structure in an aluminum plastic film after leading out a tab to obtain the battery cell to be injected with liquid.
(5) Liquid injection and formation of battery core
In a glove box with moisture content lower than 10ppm, the electrolyte prepared above was injected into the cell in an amount to ensure filling of the voids in the cell. Then the formation is carried out according to the following steps: charging at 0.01C for 30min, charging at 0.02C for 60min, charging at 0.05C for 90min, charging at 0.1C for 240min, standing for 1hr, shaping, sealing, charging at 0.2C for 4.40V, standing at room temperature for 24hr, and discharging at 0.2C for 3.0V.
(6) Rate capability test
Lithium cobaltate LiCoO as the positive electrode active material2The battery of (1) was constant-current charged to 4.40V at a current of 0.5C and then constant-voltage charged until the current dropped to 0.1C, and then constant-current discharged to 3.0V at a current of 0.5C, and thus cycled for 7 weeks. And then the constant current charging is carried out to 4.40V by the currents of 1.0C, 1.5C, 2.0C and 0.5C respectively in sequence, then the constant voltage charging is carried out until the current is reduced to 0.1C, then the constant current discharging is carried out to 3.0V by the corresponding currents, and the circulation is carried out for 7 weeks under each multiplying current. The rate performance data obtained from the test are shown in figure 2.
(7) Cycle performance test
The positive active material used was LiNi-Co-Mn oxide (LiNi-Co-Mn)0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2The battery of (1) is charged with a constant current of 1C to 4.40V and then charged at a constant voltage until the current drops to 0.1C, and then discharged with a constant current of 1C to 3.0V, and so onAt 300 weeks from the cycle, the discharge capacity at 1 week and the discharge capacity at 300 weeks were recorded, and the capacity retention rate of the battery cycle was calculated as follows:
capacity retention rate (discharge capacity at 300 th week/discharge capacity at 1 st week) × 100%.
The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 2
The mass content of the compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to 0.2%, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the electrolyte injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 3
The mass content of the compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to 0.5%, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the electrolyte injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 4
The mass content of the compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to 2%, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the electrolyte injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 5
The mass content of the compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to 5%, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the electrolyte injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 6
The compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in the example 1 was changed to the compound 2, the mass content of the compound 2 in the electrolyte was changed to 1%, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell were prepared under the same operation conditions as those in the example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The structural formula of compound 2 is as follows:
the obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 7
The compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to the compound 2, the mass content of the compound 2 in the electrolyte was changed to 0.5%, and the electrolyte, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as those in example 1, and the electrolyte injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 8
The compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in the example 1 was changed to the compound 2, the mass content of the compound 2 in the electrolyte was changed to 2%, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell were prepared under the same operation conditions as those in the example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 9
The compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to the compound 3, the mass content of the compound 3 in the electrolyte was changed to 1%, and the electrolyte, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the electrolyte injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The structural formula of compound 3 is as follows:
the obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 10
The compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to the compound 4, the mass content of the compound 4 in the electrolyte was changed to 1%, and the electrolyte, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the electrolyte injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The structural formula of compound 4 is as follows:
the obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 11
The compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to the compound 5, the mass content of the compound 5 in the electrolyte was changed to 1%, and the electrolyte, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the electrolyte injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The structural formula of compound 5 is as follows:
the obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 12
Compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to a composition of compound 1 and TMSB (tris (trimethylsilane) borate), wherein in the electrolyte: the mass content of compound 1 was 1%, and the mass content of TMSB was 1%. And preparing the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell according to the same operation conditions as the operation conditions in the embodiment 1, and carrying out liquid injection and formation of the battery cell and cycle performance test of the battery. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 13
Compound 1 in the electrolyte prepared in example 1 was changed to a composition of compound 1 and TMSB (tris (trimethylsilane) borate), wherein in the electrolyte: the mass content of the compound 1 was 1%, and the mass content of TMSB was 0.5%. And preparing the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell according to the same operation conditions as the operation conditions in the embodiment 1, and carrying out liquid injection and formation of the battery cell and cycle performance test of the battery. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 14
The graphite in the preparation of the negative plate in the example 1 is replaced by a silicon-carbon negative electrode (the capacity is 450mAh/g), and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell are prepared according to the same operation conditions as the example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery are carried out. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 15
The graphite in the preparation of the negative plate in the example 1 is replaced by a metallic lithium negative electrode, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell are prepared under the same operation conditions as the example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery are carried out. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Example 16
LiNi in preparation of positive electrode plate of example 10.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Change to LiCoO2And preparing the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell according to the same operation conditions as the operation conditions in the embodiment 1, and carrying out liquid injection and formation of the battery cell and cycle performance test of the battery. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The compound 1 in the preparation of the electrolyte in the example 1 is removed, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell are prepared according to the same operation conditions as the example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery are carried out. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
The compound 1 in the electrolyte preparation in example 1 was changed to VC, and the mass content of the compound in the electrolyte was 1%, and the electrolyte, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3
The compound 1 in the electrolyte preparation of example 1 was changed to PS, and the mass content of the compound in the electrolyte was 1%, and the electrolyte, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as those of example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 4
The compound 1 in the electrolyte preparation in example 1 was changed to VC and PS, and the mass contents of VC and PS in the electrolyte were 0.5%, respectively, and the electrolyte, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 5
The compound 1 in the electrolyte preparation in example 1 was changed to VC and PS, and the mass contents of VC and PS in the electrolyte were 1%, respectively, and the electrolyte, the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the battery cell were prepared under the same operating conditions as in example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery were performed. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 6
The compound 1 in the preparation of the electrolyte in example 1 is removed, the graphite in the preparation of the negative plate is replaced by a silicon-carbon negative electrode (the capacity is 450mAh/g), the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell are prepared according to the same operation conditions as in example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery are carried out. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 7
The compound 1 in the preparation of the electrolyte in example 1 is removed, the graphite in the preparation of the negative plate is replaced by a metallic lithium negative electrode, and the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell are prepared according to the same operation conditions as in example 1, and the injection and formation of the battery cell and the cycle performance test of the battery are carried out. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 8
Compound 1 in the preparation of the electrolyte of example 1 was removed, and LiNi in the preparation of a positive electrode plate was used0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Change to LiCoO2And preparing the electrolyte, the positive plate, the negative plate and the battery cell according to the same operation conditions as the operation conditions in the embodiment 1, and carrying out liquid injection and formation of the battery cell and cycle performance test of the battery. The obtained cycle performance data at normal temperature are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Secondly, testing the film forming performance of the negative electrode of the additive
In order to verify the negative electrode film-forming property of the lithium ion battery electrolyte additive shown in formula (1), the electrolyte prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 is used as a sample to perform LSV curve, scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the graphite negative electrode after circulation and LiCoO2Multiplying power performance test and X-ray photoelectron spectrum test of the graphite cell.
1. LSV curve test
The LSV curve was tested as follows:
the LSV curve test method is as follows: the scanning rate of the three-electrode method (graphite electrode is a working electrode, and metal lithium is respectively used as a counter electrode and a reference electrode) is 0.05mV/s, and the lower scanning limit is 0.01V.
To verify the negative electrode film forming ability possessed by the compound of formula (I), we tested the LSV curves of the three electrolytes in example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the electrolyte prepared in comparative example 1 is reduced and decomposed from 0.65V, while the reduction potential of the electrolyte prepared in example 1 is increased from 0.65V to 1.45V, and the reduction peak at 0.65V disappears, which indicates that compound 1 is reduced preferentially to EC, and the reduction product is deposited on the surface of the graphite negative electrode to assist in forming a more stable SEI film, so that the side reaction between the electrolyte and the electrode in the subsequent cycle process can be effectively inhibited, and the rate capability and cycle stability of the battery can be significantly improved.
2. Scanning electron microscope testing
In order to further confirm the influence of the compound 1 on the reduction film formation of the graphite negative electrode surface, a graphite negative electrode initial pole piece, a pole piece after circulating for 3 weeks in the electrolyte of comparative example 1 and a pole piece after circulating for 3 weeks in the electrolyte of example 1 were respectively taken and subjected to a scanning electron microscope test. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the graphite particles on the surface of the electrode sheet circulating in the electrolyte of example 1 containing the additive represented by formula (1) were clearer, the surface was smooth, and it was seen from the enlarged view of (i) that a denser and uniform SEI film was formed. The reason why the gaps between graphite particles on the surface of the pole piece circulating in the electrolyte of comparative example 1 are covered with thick deposits is that the electrolyte continuously performs a reduction reaction on the surface of the graphite negative electrode because the SEI film on the surface is unstable and not dense.
3. Rate capability test
Test of Rate Performance in LiCoO2The graphite battery is charged and discharged by multiplying current of 0.5C, 1.0C, 1.5C and 2.0C respectively. As a result, as shown in fig. 3, the rate performance of the battery of example 1 containing the additive described in formula (1) was significantly superior to that of comparative example 1. The improvement in rate performance is due to two aspects: firstly, the additive in the formula (1) has a preferential film forming effect, an interfacial film with good conductivity is formed on the surface of a graphite cathode, and the stability of the interfacial film is improved by the component containing C-F and C-Si bonds; and secondly, the addition of the additive shown in the formula (1) improves the liquid wettability and the permeability of the electrolyte.
4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
The electrolytes in comparative example 1 and example 1 were used to assemble a lithium metal/graphite half cell, and the circulated graphite negative electrode sheet was subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the results of which are shown in fig. 4. In example 1, the C-C and C-O components on the graphite surface are reduced, and the LiF component is greatly increased, which indicates that the additive forms an SEI film on the graphite surface, and the SEI film has a higher proportion of LiF component, thereby improving the surface stability of the interfacial film.
From the above examples and comparative examples, it can be known that the additive represented by formula (1) provided by the present invention can not only be subjected to reductive decomposition in preference to a solvent, and the decomposition product is deposited on the surfaces of graphite, silicon carbon and lithium metal to form a relatively stable SEI film with high conductivity, but also improve the wetting performance of an electrolyte, thereby effectively improving the rate capability and cycle performance of a battery.
Claims (21)
1. A battery electrolyte additive shown in a structural formula (I),
wherein:
r1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 haloalkyl, C2-C20 haloalkenyl and C1-C20 haloalkoxy.
2. The battery electrolyte additive of claim 1 wherein in said structural formula (I):
r1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, C1-C12 alkoxy, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C2-C12 haloalkenyl and C1-C12 haloalkoxy.
3. The battery electrolyte additive of claim 2 wherein in said structural formula (I):
r1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C5 alkyl, C2-C5 alkenyl, C1-C5 alkoxy, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C2-C5 haloalkenyl and C1-C5 haloalkoxy.
4. A battery electrolyte additive according to claim 3 wherein in said structural formula (I):
r1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C5 alkyl and C1-C5 haloalkyl.
5. The battery electrolyte additive of claim 4 wherein in said structural formula (I):
r1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-C3 alkyl and C1-C3 haloalkyl.
6. The battery electrolyte additive of claim 1 wherein said additive is used as a negative electrode film forming additive.
7. The battery electrolyte additive of claim 6 wherein said additive is used as a negative electrode film forming additive, said battery negative electrode being selected from the group consisting of graphite, silicon carbon, and metallic lithium.
8. The battery electrolyte additive of claim 6 wherein the negative film forming additive comprises a compound of formula (I) and at least one member selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate, 1, 3-propanesultone, tris (trimethylsilane) borate, fluoroethylene carbonate and vinylethylene carbonate.
9. The battery electrolyte additive of claim 8 wherein the negative film forming additive comprises a compound of formula (I) and at least one member selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, and tris (trimethylsilane) borate.
10. A lithium ion battery electrolyte, characterized in that it contains a compound of formula (I) according to claim 1.
11. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 10, wherein the content of the compound represented by the structural formula (I) in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 0.05% to 5%.
12. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 11, wherein the content of the compound represented by the structural formula (I) in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 0.5% to 5%.
13. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 12, wherein the content of the compound represented by the structural formula (I) in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is 1% to 2%.
14. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 10, wherein the lithium ion battery electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent, an additive, and a compound of formula (I).
15. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 14, wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of LiBF4、LiPF6、LiFSI、LiTFSI、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiSO3CF3、LiC2O4BC2O4、LiF2BC2O4、LiDTI、LiPO2F2At least one of (1).
16. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 14, wherein the organic solvent is selected from at least one of carbonate, phosphate, carboxylate, ether, nitrile, and sulfone solvents.
17. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 14, wherein the additive is selected from at least one of a negative electrode film forming additive, a water removal additive, a positive electrode film forming additive, a conductivity enhancing additive, a wettability enhancing additive, and a flame retardant additive.
18. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 14 wherein the additive is selected from at least one of biphenyl, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, propylene sulfite, butylene sulfite, 1, 3-propane sultone, 1,4 butane sultone, 1,3- (1-propene) sultone, vinyl sulfite, vinyl sulfate, cyclohexylbenzene, tris (trimethylsilane) borate, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate, t-butyl benzene, succinonitrile, ethylene glycol bis (propionitrile) ether, and succinic anhydride.
19. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 18 wherein the additive is selected from at least one of vinylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, tris (trimethylsilane) borate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and vinyl ethylene carbonate.
20. The lithium ion battery electrolyte of claim 14, wherein the lithium ion battery electrolyte contains 5 to 15% of lithium salt, 72 to 95% of organic solvent, 0.2 to 10% of additive, and 0.1 to 5% of compound represented by structural formula (I).
21. A lithium ion battery, characterized in that it contains the battery electrolyte according to claim 10.
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