CN111375773A - Preparation method of aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered heterogeneous alloy plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered heterogeneous alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111375773A CN111375773A CN201811623594.6A CN201811623594A CN111375773A CN 111375773 A CN111375773 A CN 111375773A CN 201811623594 A CN201811623594 A CN 201811623594A CN 111375773 A CN111375773 A CN 111375773A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F2003/145—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously by warm compacting, below debindering temperature
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum laminated isomeric alloy plate. The method specifically comprises the steps of taking industrial pure aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder as raw materials, carrying out ball milling, cold press molding, stacking according to a sandwich form, carrying out hot-pressing sintering, carrying out lap rolling and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the alloy plate with the layered heterogeneous structure. The aluminum-magnesium-aluminum alloy plate prepared by the invention has the advantages of good particle diffusion degree at the interface, tight interface combination and excellent coordination deformation capability and comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered isomeric alloy plate.
Background
The aluminum is the most abundant light metal on the earth, has low aluminum alloy density, high specific strength and good plasticity, can be processed into various sections, and has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. Magnesium and magnesium alloy are the lightest metal structural materials at present, and the magnesium and magnesium alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, easy recyclability and the like, so that the magnesium and magnesium alloy is widely applied to industries such as automobiles, aviation and the like. However, the magnesium alloy has the defects of low strength and poor corrosion resistance, and the development and application of the magnesium alloy are limited. At present, the magnesium-aluminum alloy is widely used, aluminum can play a role in solid solution strengthening in magnesium, crystal grains are refined, and an oxidation film on the surface of the magnesium is stabilized to improve the corrosion resistance of the magnesium. In the prior art, an ARB composite rolling process is adopted to prepare an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum composite plate, matrix grains are refined through a pack rolling process, but due to poor magnesium deformation capacity and poor coordination capacity between aluminum and magnesium matrixes, the interface bonding property of the obtained composite material is poor, the material structure is not compact, and the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the material are influenced. The alloy prepared by the pure powder metallurgy method has fine grain size but slightly lower tensile property compared with the casting method, and the alloy prepared by the casting method has a coarse structure and is easy to cause failure behaviors such as cracking and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problem of poor comprehensive performance of materials caused by poor alloy interface bonding capacity and provides a preparation method of an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered isomeric alloy plate.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered heterogeneous alloy plate comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing two kinds of metal powder of industrial pure aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder according to a proportion;
(2) respectively putting the weighed aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder into a high-energy ball mill protected by argon gas for low-temperature ball milling;
(3) cold-pressing the ball-milled powder into cylindrical green compacts with the diameters of 5-30 mm respectively, wherein the unit pressing force is 300-400 MPa so as to ensure the flatness of the surface of each layer of powder;
(4) stacking the obtained cylindrical pressed compacts together in a sandwich structure form according to the sequence of Al/Mg/Al, and performing hot-pressing sintering under vacuum to form an alloy green compact;
(5) annealing the alloy at 200-300 ℃ for 0.5-5 h to eliminate the internal stress in the hot pressing process and homogenize the components;
(6) polishing the surface of the annealed alloy plate, and then placing the alloy plate into a two-roller rolling mill for carrying out stack rolling, wherein the pressing amount is 50-60%, and the rolling pass is 3-10 times;
(7) and carrying out low-temperature annealing treatment on the rolled material to eliminate the internal stress of the rolled material, wherein the annealing temperature is 400-450 ℃ and the time is 4-6 h.
Further, the mass ratio of the aluminum powder to the magnesium alloy powder is 3:1, and the aluminum powder is divided into two parts with equal mass.
Furthermore, the purity of the industrial pure aluminum powder is 99.7%, and the magnesium alloy is AZ 31.
Further, a ball mill is adopted as a planetary ball mill for low-temperature ball milling, liquid nitrogen is used as a ball milling medium, and stainless steel balls are used as a grinding medium; the ball milling condition is that the ball milling time is 1-30 h, the ball milling rotating speed is 100-500 r/min, and the ball material mass ratio is 10: 1-50: 1; can reduce the oxidation of powder material, effectively inhibit the recovery and recrystallization of the material, realize the grain refinement, even grain size and obtain nano-scale particles.
Furthermore, the hot pressing pressure is 30MPa to 50MPa, the temperature is 300 ℃ to 450 ℃, and the time is 0.5h to 2 h. So as to enhance the combination between the particles, obtain the fine-grained structure and improve the compactness of the material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. compared with the alloy plate prepared by simple powder metallurgy or plate pack rolling method, the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered heterogeneous alloy plate prepared by the invention has more excellent compactness and stability of the interface, and the coordinated deformability and the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy are improved.
2. The preparation method has universality, has guiding significance on preparation methods of other types of alloys, obtains a heterogeneous structure, improves the binding property of an alloy interface and further optimizes the comprehensive performance of the material.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples
Example 1
(1) First, two parts of commercially pure aluminum powder (purity: 99.7%) and 0.6g of magnesium alloy powder (AZ31) were weighed out in an amount of 0.9g by mass.
(2) The weighed aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder are respectively put into a high-energy ball mill under the protection of argon gas for low-temperature ball milling, so that the oxidation of powder materials can be reduced, the recovery and recrystallization of the materials can be effectively inhibited, the grain refinement and the uniform grain size can be realized, and the nano-scale particles can be obtained. The ball mill is a planetary ball mill, liquid nitrogen is used as a ball milling medium, and stainless steel balls are used as a grinding medium. The ball milling time is 10h, the ball milling rotating speed is 400r/min, and the ball material mass ratio is 30: 1.
(3) And cold-pressing the ball-milled powder into cylindrical green compacts with the diameter of 10mm respectively, wherein the unit pressing force is 300MPa, so that the flatness of the surface of each layer of powder is ensured.
(4) The obtained cylindrical pressed compacts are stacked together in a sandwich structure mode according to the sequence of Al/Mg/Al, and hot-pressing sintering is carried out under vacuum to form alloy green compacts so as to enhance the combination among particles, obtain fine-grained structures and improve the compactness of materials. The hot pressing pressure is 30MPa, the temperature is 300 ℃, and the time is 2 h.
(5) And (3) annealing the alloy at 200 ℃ for 2h to eliminate the internal stress in the hot pressing process and homogenize the components.
(6) And polishing the surface of the annealed alloy plate, removing impurities, placing the alloy plate into a two-roller rolling mill for rolling, wherein the rolling pass is 3 times to eliminate the defects of air holes and the like in the material, further refine crystal grains, enhance the combination between interfaces and improve the compactness of the material.
(7) And (3) carrying out low-temperature annealing treatment on the rolled material so as to eliminate the internal stress of the rolled material and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the material, such as strength, toughness and the like. Wherein the annealing temperature is 380 ℃ and the time is 4 h.
The aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered isomeric alloy plate prepared by the method realizes metallurgical bonding, enhances the interface bonding property and stability, and improves the coordinated deformability and the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy.
Example 2
(1) First, two parts of commercially pure aluminum powder (purity: 99.7%) and 2.8g of magnesium alloy powder (AZ31) were weighed in an amount of 4.2g by mass.
(2) The weighed aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder are respectively put into a high-energy ball mill under the protection of argon gas for low-temperature ball milling, so that the oxidation of powder materials can be reduced, the recovery and recrystallization of the materials can be effectively inhibited, the grain refinement and the uniform grain size can be realized, and the nano-scale particles can be obtained. The ball mill is a planetary ball mill, liquid nitrogen is used as a ball milling medium, and stainless steel balls are used as a grinding medium. The ball milling time is 12 hours, the ball milling rotating speed is 500r/min, and the ball material mass ratio is 30: 1.
(3) And cold-pressing the ball-milled powder into cylindrical green compacts with the diameter of 20mm respectively, wherein the unit pressing force is 300MPa, so that the flatness of the surface of each layer of powder is ensured.
(4) The obtained cylindrical pressed compacts are stacked together in a sandwich structure mode according to the sequence of Al/Mg/Al, and hot-pressing sintering is carried out under vacuum to form alloy green compacts so as to enhance the combination among particles, obtain fine-grained structures and improve the compactness of materials. The hot pressing pressure is 30MPa, the temperature is 400 ℃, and the time is 1 h.
(5) And (3) annealing the alloy at 300 ℃ for 2h to eliminate the internal stress in the hot pressing process and homogenize the components.
(6) And polishing the surface of the annealed alloy plate, removing impurities, placing the alloy plate into a two-roller rolling mill for rolling, wherein the rolling pass is 5 times to eliminate the defects of air holes and the like in the material, further refine crystal grains, enhance the combination between interfaces and improve the compactness of the material.
(7) And (3) carrying out low-temperature annealing treatment on the rolled material so as to eliminate the internal stress of the rolled material and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the material, such as strength, toughness and the like. Wherein the annealing temperature is 400 ℃ and the time is 4 h.
The aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered isomeric alloy plate prepared by the method realizes metallurgical bonding, enhances the interface bonding property and stability, and improves the coordinated deformability and the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy.
Example 3
(1) First, two parts of commercially pure aluminum powder (purity: 99.7%) and 1.6g of magnesium alloy powder (AZ31) were weighed out in an amount of 2.4g by mass.
(2) The weighed aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder are respectively put into a high-energy ball mill under the protection of argon gas for low-temperature ball milling, so that the oxidation of powder materials can be reduced, the recovery and recrystallization of the materials can be effectively inhibited, the grain refinement and the uniform grain size can be realized, and the nano-scale particles can be obtained. The ball mill is a planetary ball mill, liquid nitrogen is used as a ball milling medium, and stainless steel balls are used as a grinding medium. The ball milling time is 10h, the ball milling rotating speed is 400r/min, and the ball material mass ratio is 40: 1.
(3) And cold-pressing the ball-milled powder into cylindrical green compacts with the diameter of 15mm respectively, wherein the unit pressing force is 300MPa, so that the flatness of the surface of each layer of powder is ensured.
(4) The obtained cylindrical pressed compacts are stacked together in a sandwich structure mode according to the sequence of Al/Mg/Al, and hot-pressing sintering is carried out under vacuum to form alloy green compacts so as to enhance the combination among particles, obtain fine-grained structures and improve the compactness of materials. The hot pressing pressure is 30MPa, the temperature is 300 ℃, and the time is 2 h.
(5) And (3) annealing the alloy at 300 ℃ for 2h to eliminate the internal stress in the hot pressing process and homogenize the components.
(6) And polishing the surface of the annealed alloy plate, removing impurities, placing the alloy plate into a two-roller rolling mill for rolling, wherein the rolling pass is 6 times to eliminate the defects of air holes and the like in the material, further refine crystal grains, enhance the combination between interfaces and improve the compactness of the material.
(7) And (3) carrying out low-temperature annealing treatment on the rolled material so as to eliminate the internal stress of the rolled material and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the material, such as strength, toughness and the like. Wherein the annealing temperature is 400 ℃ and the time is 4 h.
The aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered isomeric alloy plate prepared by the method realizes metallurgical bonding, enhances the interface bonding property and stability, and improves the coordinated deformability and the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered isomeric alloy plate is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly preparing two kinds of metal powder of industrial pure aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder for preparing the alloy plate, then carrying out low-temperature ball milling, cold press molding, stacking materials according to a sandwich form, carrying out hot-pressing sintering, and carrying out annealing treatment, pack rolling and secondary annealing treatment to obtain the alloy plate with a layered isomeric structure.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered heterogeneous alloy sheet according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, weighing two kinds of metal powder of industrial pure aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder according to a proportion;
step 2, respectively putting the weighed aluminum powder and magnesium alloy powder into a high-energy ball mill protected by argon gas for low-temperature ball milling;
step 3, cold-pressing the ball-milled powder into cylindrical green compacts with the diameters of 5-30 mm respectively, wherein the unit pressing force is 300-400 MPa so as to ensure the flatness of the surface of each layer of powder;
step 4, stacking the obtained cylindrical pressed compacts together in a sandwich structure form according to the sequence of Al/Mg/Al, and performing hot-pressing sintering under vacuum to form an alloy green compact;
step 5, annealing the alloy at 200-300 ℃ for 0.5-5 h to eliminate the internal stress in the hot pressing process and homogenize the components;
step 6, polishing the surface of the annealed alloy plate, and then placing the alloy plate into a two-roller rolling mill for rolling, wherein the rolling reduction is 50-60%, and the rolling pass is 3-10 times;
and 7, carrying out low-temperature annealing treatment on the rolled material to eliminate the internal stress of the rolled material, wherein the annealing temperature is 400-450 ℃ and the annealing time is 4-6 h.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered heterogeneous alloy plate according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum powder to the magnesium alloy powder is 3:1, and the aluminum powder is divided into two parts of equal mass.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered isomeric alloy plate as recited in claim 2, wherein the purity of the industrial pure aluminum powder is 99.7%, and the magnesium alloy is AZ 31.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered isomeric alloy plate as recited in claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the low temperature ball milling is performed by using a ball mill as a planetary ball mill, liquid nitrogen as a ball milling medium, and stainless steel balls as a grinding medium; the ball milling condition is that the ball milling time is 1-30 h, the ball milling rotating speed is 100-500 r/min, and the ball material mass ratio is 10: 1-50: 1.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum layered heterogeneous alloy plate according to claim 2, wherein in the step 4, the hot pressing pressure is 30MPa to 50MPa, the temperature is 300 ℃ to 450 ℃, and the time is 0.5h to 2 h.
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CN112828037A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-25 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing ultrathin aluminum-magnesium layered composite material by low-temperature rolling |
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