CN110465670B - Method for preparing layered composite material by spark plasma sintering - Google Patents
Method for preparing layered composite material by spark plasma sintering Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018484 Ni—Cu—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
Abstract
A method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering, which relates to a method for preparing a layered composite material. Aims to solve the problem of low bonding strength of the layered composite material prepared by the existing spark plasma sintering method. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of conducting roughening treatment on the surface of a metal plate material, then stacking a plurality of layers of metal plates, flatly laying a layer of metal powder between adjacent metal plates, and conducting spark plasma sintering. The invention adopts metal powder lower than the melting point of the metal plates as a binder to form strong metallurgical bonding with the metal plates on two sides, thereby realizing the low-temperature preparation of the metal laminar composite material with high interface bonding. The invention is suitable for preparing the layered composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a layered composite material.
Background
With the development of science and technology, more comprehensive requirements are provided for the development of materials in the fields of aerospace, railway transportation, building, nuclear power and the like, such as high strength, corrosion resistance, light weight, vibration absorption and the like. The application field of the single metal material is greatly limited due to the limitation of natural resources or insufficient comprehensive performance. Through structural design, the composite material prepared by compounding two or more pure metals and the alloy has the advantage of compounding the pure metals and the alloy, and has wider application. The layered composite material belongs to common composite materials of pure metals and alloys, and the common layered composite materials comprise light corrosion-resistant aluminum-magnesium layered composite materials, light high-strength titanium-aluminum layered composite materials, high-electric-conductivity and high-heat-conductivity copper-aluminum layered composite materials and the like.
The preparation method of the layered composite material mainly comprises a hot pressing method (including explosive forming), a hot rolling method and a powder metallurgy method. The spark plasma sintering is a method for accelerating sintering and densification processes by enabling a material to be sintered to be in a plasma state locally through spark heating, and has the advantages of uniform heating, low sintering temperature, high sintering speed and high density. Patent CN101733623A proposes a method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering using a metal plate as a raw material, and indicates that the method has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, easy availability of raw materials, and few material interface reactions. However, the sintering process of the existing spark plasma sintering involves solid-solid interface contact and diffusion bonding, so that the raw material plate is required to have a flat and smooth surface, and needs to be polished before preparation, while for a plate which is rough or has obvious processing traces, the solid-solid interface contact area is small, and high-strength bonding is difficult to achieve, and the factors limit the wide application of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering, aiming at solving the problem of low bonding strength of the layered composite material prepared by the existing spark plasma sintering method.
The method for preparing the layered composite material by spark plasma sintering is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, roughening the surface of a metal plate until the roughness is larger than Ra12.5, cleaning the metal plate by using alcohol, then stacking a plurality of layers of metal plates, laying a layer of metal powder between adjacent metal plates to form a plate-powder laminated component, placing the plate-powder laminated component in a graphite mold, applying pressure to the plate-powder laminated component in the graphite mold, and performing spark plasma sintering to complete the process;
the melting point of the metal powder is 0.5-0.9 times of the lower value of the melting points of the metal plates on the two sides;
the material of the metal powder at different layers in the plate-powder laminated component is one or more;
the material of the metal plates of different layers in the plate-powder laminated component is one or more, and the difference of the melting points of the metal plates of different layers is less than 200 ℃.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
based on the working principle of spark plasma sintering, the invention provides a method for preparing a layered composite material with a flat interface, good bonding and a wide application range at a low temperature, aiming at the problems of long process, high energy consumption, poor material interface bonding and the like of the current composite material preparation method. According to the invention, metal powder lower than the melting point of the metal plates is used as a binder to form strong metallurgical bonding with the metal plates on two sides, so that the metal layered composite material with high interface bonding is prepared at low temperature.
1. The roughness of the surface of the selected metal plate is greater than Ra12.5, so that the requirement on the surface roughness of the original plate is low, and the method is particularly suitable for compounding plates with processing marks or rolling states on the surface. Due to the high fluidity of the metal powder, the powder can effectively fill scratches, pits and the like on the surface of the plate in the sintering process, so that the density, the interface bonding force, the uniform plastic deformation and the tensile strength of the composite material are improved, the composite interface is smooth, and the overall performance is stable;
2. the existing spark plasma sintering uses metal plates as raw materials to carry out multilayer compounding, the required sintering temperature is high, and the heat preservation time is long; the invention is different from the existing spark plasma sintering method in that the metal plate and the metal powder are adopted as raw materials to carry out multilayer compounding, the use of the metal powder reduces the sintering temperature, shortens the heat preservation time, and has less energy consumption and high efficiency. The method has the advantages of low sintering temperature, short heat preservation time, contribution to inhibiting the interface reaction, avoiding the generation of the hard brittle phase and improving the uniform plastic deformation and the tensile strength of the prepared composite material, so the method can be used for preparing a composite material system which is easy to generate the interface reaction.
3. The preparation method of the layered composite material adopts single metal powder or metal plate as the material, and the material composition is single;
4. the thickness of each layer can be accurately controlled, namely the comprehensive performance of the composite material is adjusted by changing the thickness of each metal plate and the interlayer metal powder, the type of metal and the like, so that the method has high controllability and meets the requirements of different application fields.
5. The elastic modulus of the Ni-Cu-Ni three-layer composite material prepared by the method is 190GPa, the yield strength is 400MPa, the elongation is 15.5 percent, and the density is 99.5 percent. The density of the W-Cu-W-Fe-Ni five-layer composite material reaches 99%, the elastic modulus reaches 280GPa, and the tensile strength reaches 1100 MPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram of the process for producing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering in example 1; in the figure, 1 is an upper electrode, 2 is an upper pressure head, 3 is a die, 4 is a lower pressure head, 5 is a lower electrode, 6 is a water-cooling vacuum cavity, and 7 is a plate-powder laminated component;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of the Ni-Cu-Ni three-layer composite prepared in example 1, wherein the Cu layer thickness was 0.2 mm.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments is included.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for preparing the layered composite material by spark plasma sintering according to the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, roughening the surface of a metal plate until the roughness is larger than Ra12.5, cleaning the metal plate by using alcohol, then stacking a plurality of layers of metal plates, laying a layer of metal powder between adjacent metal plates to form a plate-powder laminated component, placing the plate-powder laminated component in a graphite mold, applying pressure to the plate-powder laminated component in the graphite mold, and performing spark plasma sintering to complete the process;
the melting point of the metal powder is 0.5-0.9 times of the lower value of the melting points of the metal plates on the two sides; the material of the metal powder at different layers in the plate-powder laminated component is one or more; the material of the metal plates of different layers in the plate-powder laminated component is one or more, and the difference of the melting points of the metal plates of different layers is less than 200 ℃.
The embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. the roughness of the surface of the metal plate selected by the embodiment is greater than Ra12.5, so that the requirement on the surface roughness of the original plate is low, and the method is particularly suitable for compounding plates with machining marks or rolling states on the surface. Due to the high fluidity of the metal powder, the powder can effectively fill scratches, pits and the like on the surface of the plate in the sintering process, so that the density, the interface bonding force, the uniform plastic deformation and the tensile strength of the composite material are improved, the composite interface is smooth, and the overall performance is stable;
2. the existing spark plasma sintering uses metal plates as raw materials to carry out multilayer compounding, the required sintering temperature is high, and the heat preservation time is long; the embodiment is different from the existing spark plasma sintering method in that a metal plate and metal powder are adopted as raw materials to carry out multilayer compounding, the use of the metal powder reduces the sintering temperature, shortens the heat preservation time, and has the advantages of less energy consumption and high efficiency. The intermetallic interface reaction often generates hard and brittle phases with harmful performance, the method of the embodiment has low sintering temperature and short heat preservation time, is beneficial to inhibiting the interface reaction, avoids the generation of the hard and brittle phases, and improves the uniform plastic deformation and the tensile strength of the prepared composite material, so the embodiment can be used for preparing the composite material system which is easy to generate the interface reaction.
3. When the traditional layered composite material is prepared, single metal powder or metal plates are used as materials, the material composition is single, the metal powder and the metal plates are used as raw materials simultaneously in the method, and the advantages of low powder sintering temperature and good fluidity as well as the advantages of low price, easy obtaining and high density of the plates are taken into consideration;
4. the thickness of each layer in the embodiment can be accurately controlled, namely, the comprehensive performance of the composite material is adjusted by changing the thickness of each metal plate and the interlayer metal powder, the type of metal and the like, so that the method of the embodiment has high controllability and meets the requirements of different application fields.
5. The Ni-Cu-Ni three-layer composite material prepared by the method of the embodiment has the elastic modulus of 190GPa, the yield strength of 400MPa, the elongation of 15.5 percent and the density of 99.5 percent. The density of the W-Cu-W-Fe-Ni five-layer composite material reaches 99%, the elastic modulus reaches 280GPa, and the tensile strength reaches 1100 MPa.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the metal plate is made of pure metal or metal alloy; the pure metal is Fe, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg or W; the metal alloy is an alloy with Fe, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg or W as a main component. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the thickness of the metal plate is 0.05-10 mm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the metal powder is made of pure metal or metal alloy; the pure metal is Fe, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg or W; the metal alloy is an alloy with Fe, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg or W as a main component. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the number of the metal plates in the plate-powder laminated component is 3-7. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: and polishing the surface of the metal plate by using No. 60-80 abrasive paper when the surface of the metal plate is subjected to roughening treatment. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
After 60 ~ 80# abrasive paper is polished, the impurity and the oxide layer on sheet metal surface are got rid of, and the roughness on sheet metal surface improves after abrasive paper polishes simultaneously.
The seventh embodiment: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the grain diameter of the metal powder is 1-100 mu m. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the thickness of the metal powder layer is 20-500 μm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the pressure applied to the plate-powder laminated member in the graphite mold is 5-40 MPa. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: when the spark plasma sintering is carried out, the heating rate is 30-400 ℃/h, the sintering temperature is 60-80% of the melting point of the metal powder with the lowest melting point in the plate-powder laminated component, and the sintering atmosphere is 10%-3The vacuum atmosphere of 10Pa or the inert protective atmosphere of 0.1-0.5 MPa, the heat preservation time is 300-1800 s, and furnace cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is finished. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example 1: the method for preparing the layered composite material by spark plasma sintering of the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, roughening the surface of a metal plate until the roughness is Ra12.5, cleaning the metal plate by using alcohol, then stacking 2 layers of metal plates, laying a layer of metal powder between adjacent metal plates to form a plate-powder laminated component, placing the plate-powder laminated component in a graphite mold, applying pressure to the plate-powder laminated component in the graphite mold, and performing discharge plasma sintering to obtain a Ni-Cu-Ni three-layer composite material;
the material of the metal powder of different layers in the plate-powder laminated component is one; the metal powder is made of Cu;
the material of the metal plate of 2 layers in the plate-powder laminated component is one; the metal plate is made of pure nickel;
the thickness of the metal plate is 1.0 mm;
when the surface of the metal plate is roughened, 60# abrasive paper is used for polishing the surface of the metal plate;
the particle size of the metal powder is 10 mu m;
the thickness of the metal powder layer is 0.25 mm;
the pressure applied to the plate-powder laminated member in the graphite mold is 10 MPa;
when the spark plasma sintering is carried out, the heating rate is 150 ℃/h, the sintering temperature is 550 ℃, and the sintering atmosphere is 10-1The heat preservation time is 10 minutes under the vacuum atmosphere of Pa, the furnace cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is finished, and the cooling rate of the furnace cooling is 100 ℃/h;
FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram of the process for producing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering in example 1; in the figure, 1 is an upper electrode, 2 is an upper pressure head, 3 is a die, 4 is a lower pressure head, 5 is a lower electrode, 6 is a water-cooling vacuum cavity, and 7 is a plate-powder laminated component; FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of a Ni-Cu-Ti three-layer composite prepared in example 1, wherein the Cu layer thickness was 0.2 mm. Fig. 2 shows that the interface between layers is flat and no preparation defect reacts with the distinct interface. Therefore, the interface combination of the layered composite material prepared in the example 1 is good, and the macroscopic performance is excellent.
The embodiment provides a method for preparing a layered composite material with a flat interface, good bonding and a wide application range at a low temperature based on the working principle of spark plasma sintering and aiming at the problems of long flow, large energy consumption, poor material interface bonding and the like of the current composite material preparation method. In the embodiment, metal powder lower than the melting point of the metal plates is used as a binder to form strong metallurgical bonding with the metal plates on two sides, so that the metal layered composite material with high interface bonding is prepared at low temperature. The roughness of the surface of the metal plate selected by the embodiment is Ra12.5, and due to the high fluidity of the metal powder, the powder can effectively fill scratches, pits and the like on the surface of the plate in the sintering process, so that the density, the interface bonding force, the uniform plastic deformation and the tensile strength of the composite material are improved, the composite interface is smooth, and the overall performance is stable. The difference between the embodiment and the existing spark plasma sintering method is that the metal plate and the metal powder are adopted as raw materials to carry out multilayer compounding, the use of the metal powder reduces the sintering temperature, shortens the heat preservation time, and has the advantages of less energy consumption and high efficiency. The method has the advantages of low sintering temperature and short heat preservation time, is beneficial to inhibiting interface reaction, avoids the generation of hard and brittle phases, and improves the uniform plastic deformation and tensile strength of the prepared composite material, so that the method can be used for preparing a composite material system which is easy to generate interface reaction. In the method, the metal powder and the metal plate are simultaneously used as raw materials, and the advantages of low sintering temperature of the powder and good fluidity, as well as the advantages of cheap and easily available plate and high density are considered.
The Ni-Cu-Ti three-layer composite material prepared in example 1 has an elastic modulus of 190GPa, a yield strength of 400MPa, an elongation of 15.5% and a compactness of 99.5%.
Example 2:
the method for preparing the layered composite material by spark plasma sintering of the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, roughening the surface of a metal plate until the roughness is Ra12.5, cleaning the metal plate by using alcohol, then stacking 3 layers of metal plates, laying a layer of metal powder between adjacent metal plates to form a plate-powder laminated component, placing the plate-powder laminated component in a graphite mold, applying pressure to the plate-powder laminated component in the graphite mold, and performing discharge plasma sintering to obtain a W-Cu-W-Fe-Ni five-layer composite material;
the particle size of the metal powder is 10 mu m;
the material of the metal powder in the plate-powder laminated component is 2, namely pure Cu and pure Fe; the thickness is 0.2 mm;
the materials of the metal plates of the 3 layers in the plate-powder laminated component are respectively pure W, pure W and pure Ni, and the thicknesses of the metal plates are respectively 1.0mm, 0.5mm and 1.0 mm;
when the surface of the metal plate is roughened, 60# abrasive paper is used for polishing the surface of the metal plate;
the pressure applied to the plate-powder laminated member in the graphite mold is 40 MPa;
when the spark plasma sintering is carried out, the heating rate is 150 ℃/h, the sintering temperature is 850 ℃, the sintering atmosphere is 0.1MPa of Ar gas atmosphere, the heat preservation time is 20 minutes, furnace cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is finished, and the cooling rate of the furnace cooling is 100 ℃/h;
the embodiment provides a method for preparing a layered composite material with a flat interface, good bonding and a wide application range at a low temperature based on the working principle of spark plasma sintering and aiming at the problems of long flow, large energy consumption, poor material interface bonding and the like of the current composite material preparation method. In the embodiment, metal powder lower than the melting point of the metal plates is used as a binder to form strong metallurgical bonding with the metal plates on two sides, so that the metal layered composite material with high interface bonding is prepared at low temperature. The roughness of the surface of the metal plate selected by the embodiment is Ra12.5, and due to the high fluidity of the metal powder, the powder can effectively fill scratches, pits and the like on the surface of the plate in the sintering process, so that the density, the interface bonding force, the uniform plastic deformation and the tensile strength of the composite material are improved, the composite interface is smooth, and the overall performance is stable. The difference between the embodiment and the existing spark plasma sintering method is that the metal plate and the metal powder are adopted as raw materials to carry out multilayer compounding, the use of the metal powder reduces the sintering temperature, shortens the heat preservation time, and has the advantages of less energy consumption and high efficiency. The method has the advantages of low sintering temperature and short heat preservation time, is beneficial to inhibiting interface reaction, avoids the generation of hard and brittle phases, and improves the uniform plastic deformation and tensile strength of the prepared composite material, so that the method can be used for preparing a composite material system which is easy to generate interface reaction. In the method, the metal powder and the metal plate are simultaneously used as raw materials, and the advantages of low sintering temperature of the powder and good fluidity, as well as the advantages of cheap and easily available plate and high density are considered.
The properties of the W-Cu-W-Fe-Ni five-layer composite material prepared in example 1 are as follows: the density reaches 99 percent, the elastic modulus reaches 280GPa, and the tensile strength reaches 1100 MPa.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, roughening the surface of a metal plate until the roughness is greater than Ra12.5, cleaning the metal plate by using alcohol, then stacking a plurality of layers of metal plates, paving a layer of metal powder between adjacent metal plates to form a plate-powder laminated component, placing the plate-powder laminated component in a graphite mold, applying pressure to the plate-powder laminated component in the graphite mold, and performing discharge plasma sintering to complete the preparation of the high-interface-bonding metal laminated composite material at low temperature;
the melting point of the metal powder is 0.5-0.9 times of the lower value of the melting points of the metal plates on the two sides;
the material of the metal powder at different layers in the plate-powder laminated component is one or more;
the material of the metal plates on different layers in the plate-powder laminated component is one or more, and the difference of the melting points of the metal plates on different layers is less than 200 ℃;
when the spark plasma sintering is carried out, the heating rate is 30-400 ℃/h, the sintering temperature is 60-80% of the melting point of the metal powder with the lowest melting point in the plate-powder laminated component, and the sintering atmosphere is 10%-3Vacuum atmosphere of 10Pa or inert protective atmosphere of 0.1-0.5 MPa, heat preservation time of 300-1800 s, furnace cooling after heat preservation;
the metal plate is made of pure metal or metal alloy; the pure metal is Fe, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg or W; the metal alloy is an alloy with Fe, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg or W as a main component;
the metal powder is made of pure metal or metal alloy; the pure metal is Fe, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg or W; the metal alloy is an alloy with Fe, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg or W as a main component.
2. The method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the metal plate is 0.05-10 mm.
3. The method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the metal plates in the plate-powder laminated component is 3-7.
4. The method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering according to claim 1, wherein: and polishing the surface of the metal plate by using No. 60-80 abrasive paper when the surface of the metal plate is subjected to roughening treatment.
5. The method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the metal powder is 1-100 mu m.
6. The method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the metal powder layer is 20-500 μm.
7. The method for preparing a layered composite material by spark plasma sintering according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure applied to the plate-powder laminated member in the graphite mold is 5-40 MPa.
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