CN111362285A - Method for utilizing boron resource in salt lake brine - Google Patents

Method for utilizing boron resource in salt lake brine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111362285A
CN111362285A CN202010233474.6A CN202010233474A CN111362285A CN 111362285 A CN111362285 A CN 111362285A CN 202010233474 A CN202010233474 A CN 202010233474A CN 111362285 A CN111362285 A CN 111362285A
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lithium
boron
magnesium
salt lake
brine
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CN202010233474.6A
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Inventor
吕亮
李建光
王玉林
吴越超
曾惠明
杨弘
尹建
黄振轩
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Quzhou University
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Quzhou University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/08—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
    • C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
    • C01B35/1045—Oxyacids
    • C01B35/1054—Orthoboric acid
    • C01B35/1081—Preparation by working up other natural sources, e.g. seawater
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
    • C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
    • C01B35/1045—Oxyacids
    • C01B35/1054—Orthoboric acid
    • C01B35/109—Purification; Separation; Concentration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80—Compositional purity

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of salt lake brine resource utilization, and provides a method for utilizing boron resources in salt lake brine, which mainly comprises the steps of taking magnesium in the brine as a raw material, adding an aluminum source and a precipitator, allowing boron anions to enter into layers while magnesium aluminum is precipitated to obtain boron-rich magnesium-based layered double hydroxides (MgAl-B-LDHs) with borate intercalation, filtering and washing, directly adding the boron-rich magnesium-based layered double hydroxides into a flame-retardant PP composite material as a high smoke suppression flame retardant after drying, performing ion exchange with a sodium carbonate solution, enriching interlayer anion borate, and extracting boric acid; and lithium ions in the brine are remained in the filtrate, and the lithium is enriched and extracted by using the lithium ion imprinted polymer. The invention has the advantages that the resources of magnesium and boron in salt lake brine can be fully utilized, and the obtained boron-rich magnesium-based LDHs has good effect on smoke suppression and flame retardance of the flame-retardant PP composite material. The method has the advantages of short process flow and simple operation, and realizes the separation and enrichment of lithium while fully utilizing magnesium and boron.

Description

Method for utilizing boron resource in salt lake brine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of salt lake brine resource utilization, and particularly provides a method for utilizing a boron resource in salt lake brine.
Background
The salt lake brine contains abundant potassium, lithium, boron, magnesium and other resources. The utilization of potassium resources in China reaches a considerable scale, only the Qinghai salt lake industrial group has the production capacity of 230 ten thousand tons of potassium fertilizers, but lithium, magnesium, boron and the like in the old brine after potassium extraction are not fully utilized. At present, salt lake brine resource utilization is more specific to enrichment and separation of a single resource, particularly extraction of lithium, and utilization research on magnesium and boron resources is relatively less.
Lithium has an important strategic position in the development of energy storage materials and clean nuclear energy, is widely applied in the fields of high-energy batteries, aerospace, nuclear power generation and the like, and gradually becomes a popular column in the battery industry. Lithium compounds such as LiCl, Li2CO3LiH and organic lithiates, and are widely used in industrial fields such as batteries, porcelain, refrigeration machines and the like.
The salt lake brine also contains a large amount of boron resources, and effective separation of the boron resources in the lithium extraction process is also an essential link for comprehensive utilization of the salt lake resources. Boron and compounds thereof are widely applied to the fields of glass, ceramics, metallurgy, atomic energy, leather, pigments, daily chemical medicines, agricultural fertilizers and the like, national defense and other chemical industries. In addition, the material has good performance in the field of new materials, such as nonlinear optical materials, laser materials, permanent magnetic materials, flame retardant materials and the like.
At present, the utilization of magnesium resources is mainly concentrated on primary magnesium compounds (magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and the like), magnesium building materials, magnesium refractory materials, magnesium alloys and the like, and the added value is not high. The capacity of the high-value magnesium-based functional material is relatively low, but the capacity and the demand of the high-value magnesium-based functional material are greatly increased in the next 5-10 years.
The invention utilizes an additional aluminum source to be coprecipitated with magnesium ions in brine into magnesium-based layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDHs), boron anions in the brine enter the interlayer in an intercalated way, and the boron anions in the brine are mainly formed by B (OH) due to the diversity of the existence forms of boron in the brine4 -、B2O4 2-And polymer form, wherein the ion volume is relatively large for the polyboron anion, and the polyboron ion is firstly converted into B by modulating the pH of the solution2O4 2-And B (OH)4 -And (3) ions are modulated, the Mg/Al ratio is modulated, the interlayer spacing is indirectly regulated and controlled, the efficient intercalation of boron is realized, the boron-rich magnesium-based LDHs is prepared, and the content of boron ions in the mother solution can hardly be detected. The obtained boron-rich magnesium-based LDHs has high smoke suppression and flame retardant properties in the processing of flame retardant PP composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for utilizing boron resources in salt lake brine. The method takes magnesium in brine as a raw material, aluminum source is added, alkali is used for precipitation, magnesium and aluminum are rapidly precipitated, boron anions enter interlamination to obtain boron-rich magnesium-based LDHs, and the LDHs is filtered, washed, dried and directly added into the flame-retardant PP composite material as a high smoke-suppression flame retardant; or ion exchange is carried out with a sodium carbonate solution, interlayer anion borate is exchanged into the solution to obtain a concentrated solution, and boric acid is obtained after acidification; and lithium ions in the brine are remained in the filtrate, and the lithium is enriched and extracted by using the lithium ion imprinted polymer. The method has the advantages of simple and safe process, short production period and good industrial application prospect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
adding an aluminum source into salt lake brine, using alkali as a precipitator to rapidly precipitate magnesium, enabling boron anions to enter interlamination to obtain magnesium-based LDHs of borate intercalation, filtering and washing, drying, and directly adding the magnesium-based LDHs as a high smoke suppression flame retardant into a flame-retardant PP composite material; or ion exchange is carried out with a sodium carbonate solution, interlayer anion borate is exchanged into the solution to obtain a concentrated solution, and boric acid is obtained after acidification; and lithium ions in the brine are remained in the filtrate, and the lithium is enriched and extracted by using the lithium ion imprinted polymer.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of smoke-inhibiting fire retardant
Weighing a certain amount of aluminum source, adding the aluminum source into the boron-containing salt lake brine, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing; weighing a certain amount of alkali, dissolving in water to prepare a precipitator; quickly mixing brine solution and a precipitator under high-speed shearing stirring, and keeping a certain temperature, stirring speed and system pH value for nucleation and crystallization for 1-12 h; then filtering the reaction solution, washing a filter cake to be alkalescent or neutral by pure water, and spray-drying to obtain the high smoke-suppression flame retardant (MgAl-B-LDHs); lithium ions are retained in the filtrate and used for subsequent separation and lithium extraction;
(2) extracting boron
Adding the solid obtained in the step (1) into a sodium carbonate solution for ion exchange, exchanging borate anions between MgAl-B-LDHs layers out of the layers by carbonate, realizing boron enrichment, and then acidifying, concentrating and crystallizing to obtain boric acid;
(3) lithium extraction
And (2) adding a proper amount of lithium ion imprinted polymer into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), fully adsorbing lithium ions in the filtrate, filtering and separating, desorbing the lithium ions by using bipolar membrane electrodialysis on the lithium ion imprinted polymer after lithium adsorption to obtain a lithium chloride concentrated solution, realizing enrichment of the lithium ions, and adding sodium carbonate to precipitate to obtain crude lithium carbonate for preparing refined lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide.
The brine in the method is boron-rich and lithium-rich brine in the brine of the Qinghai salt lake in China.
The aluminum source in the method is one or a mixture of two of aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum hydroxide and pseudo-boehmite.
The precipitant is one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
The aluminum adding amount in the method isMg in brine2+The amount of the substance is 1/5-1/2.
In the step (1) in the method, the pH value of the crystallization reaction is 8-12, the reaction time is 1-12 h, and the reaction temperature is 25-100 ℃.
In the step (1) of the above method, the nucleation crystallization temperature is 25%oC~100oC。
In the step (1) of the above process, the amount of the base is Mg2+And Al3+1.5 to 4 times the sum of the amounts of the substances.
In the step (2) in the method, the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 1-5 mol/L.
In the step (3) of the above method, the lithium ion imprinted polymer is a cellulose-modified cross-linked ion imprinted polymer.
The invention has the advantages that: the magnesium-aluminum ratio of the LDHs can be adjusted within a certain range according to application requirements, so that boron anions can be inserted between layers, the obtained boron-rich magnesium-based LDHs can be widely applied as a high smoke suppression flame retardant, and the comprehensive utilization of magnesium and boron resources is realized. The method has the advantages of short process flow and simple operation, and can well realize the separation of magnesium, boron and lithium.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Weighing 2.17g AlCl3·6H2O was dissolved in 100ml of boron-containing brine (measured as 0.359mol/L magnesium, 0.0206mol/L boron, 0.0365mol/L lithium), and 6.5g of NaOH was weighed and dissolved in 50ml of pure water to prepare a precipitant. Adding aluminum salt brine and a precipitator, quickly mixing under high-speed shearing and stirring within 1-15 min, adjusting pH =10, crystallizing at 65 ℃ for 12h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain Mg4Al-B-LDHs4.04g. The residual rate of boron in the filtrate after filtration is 0.026%, Li+The retention rate was 95.26%.
Mixing the obtained Mg4Adding Al-B-LDHs into 10ml of 1mol/L sodium carbonate solution, performing ion exchange, filtering, adjusting the acidity of the filtrate with hydrochloric acid to obtain boric acid solution, and concentrating and crystallizing 0.1 of boric acid2g。
Adding 1g of lithium ion imprinted polymer into the filtrate, fully stirring, adsorbing and filtering, and adding Li in the filtrate+It is hardly detectable. And then the imprinted polymer absorbing lithium ions is subjected to electrodialysis by a bipolar membrane to separate out lithium chloride, and sodium carbonate is added to obtain 0.129g of lithium carbonate precipitate.
Example 2
Weighing 2.87g AlCl3·6H2O was dissolved in 100ml of boron-containing brine (measured as 0.359mol/L magnesium, 0.0206mol/L boron, 0.0365mol/L lithium), and 6.91g of NaOH was weighed and dissolved in 50ml of pure water to prepare a precipitant. Adding aluminum salt brine and a precipitator, quickly mixing under high-speed shearing and stirring within 1-15 min, adjusting pH =11, crystallizing at 100 ℃ for 6h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain Mg3Al-B-LDHs4.85g. The residual rate of boron in the filtrate obtained after filtration was 0.005%, Li+The retention rate was 97.19%.
Mixing the obtained Mg3Al-B-LDHs is added into PP, and the prepared flame-retardant PP composite material has good smoke suppression and flame retardant effects and reaches V0 level.
Adding 1g of lithium ion imprinted polymer into the filtrate, fully stirring, adsorbing and filtering, and adding Li in the filtrate+It is hardly detectable. And then the imprinted polymer absorbing lithium ions is subjected to electrodialysis by a bipolar membrane to separate out lithium chloride, and sodium carbonate is added to obtain 0.13g of lithium carbonate precipitate.
Example 3
2.83g of Al (NO) are weighed3)·9H2O was dissolved in 100ml of brine (measured to contain 0.359mol/L magnesium, 0.0206mol/L boron, and 0.0365mol/L lithium), and 7.6g of NaOH was weighed and dissolved in 50ml of pure water to prepare a precipitant. Adding aluminum salt brine and a precipitator, quickly mixing under high-speed shearing stirring within 1-15 min, adjusting pH =12, crystallizing at 25 ℃ for 12h, filtering and washing to obtain Mg4Al-LDHs. The residual rate of boron in the obtained filtrate was determined to be 0.001%, Li+The retention rate was 94.15%. Adding 0.5g of lithium ion imprinted polymer into the filtrate, fully stirring, adsorbing and filtering, and adding Li into the filtrate+It is hardly detectable. Then the imprinted polymer after absorbing lithium ions is electrodialysis separated by using a bipolar membrane to obtain lithium chlorideSodium carbonate was added to obtain 0.11g of lithium carbonate precipitate.
Example 4
Weigh 0.94g Al (OH)3Adding into 100ml bittern (containing magnesium 0.359mol/L, boron 0.0206mol/L, lithium 0.0365 mol/L) to form emulsion; 6.08g of NaOH was weighed and dissolved in 50ml of pure water to prepare a precipitant. Rapidly mixing aluminum-containing brine and a precipitator under high-speed shearing stirring within 1-15 min, adjusting pH =12, crystallizing at 100 ℃ for 8h, filtering and washing to obtain Mg3Al-LDHs. The boron residue rate in the obtained filtrate was determined to be 0.0796%, Li+The retention rate was 96.36%. Adding 1g of lithium ion imprinted polymer into the filtrate, fully stirring, adsorbing and filtering, and adding Li in the filtrate+It is hardly detectable. And then the imprinted polymer absorbing lithium ions is subjected to electrodialysis by a bipolar membrane to separate out lithium chloride, and sodium carbonate is added to obtain 0.12g of lithium carbonate precipitate.
Example 5
Weighing 1g of pseudo-boehmite, adding the pseudo-boehmite into 100ml of brine (containing 0.359mol/L magnesium, 0.0206mol/L boron and 0.0365mol/L lithium by determination) to form emulsion; 6.08g of NaOH was weighed and dissolved in 50ml of pure water to prepare a precipitant. And (3) rapidly mixing the aluminum-containing brine and the precipitant under high-speed shearing and stirring within 1-15 min, adjusting the pH to be =12, crystallizing at 80 ℃ for 12h, filtering and washing to obtain the boron-rich magnesium-based LDHs. The residual rate of boron in the obtained filtrate is 0.0087 percent through measurement, and Li+The retention rate was 97.31%. Adding 1g of lithium ion imprinted polymer into the filtrate, fully stirring, adsorbing and filtering, and adding Li in the filtrate+It is hardly detectable. And then the imprinted polymer absorbing lithium ions is subjected to electrodialysis by a bipolar membrane to separate out lithium chloride, and sodium carbonate is added to obtain 0.13g of lithium carbonate precipitate.

Claims (8)

1. A method for utilizing boron resources in salt lake brine is characterized in that salt lake brine is taken as a raw material, an aluminum source and a precipitator are added, magnesium and aluminum are rapidly precipitated, boron anions enter interlamination to obtain magnesium-based layered double hydroxides (MgAl-B-LDHs) with borate intercalation, and the magnesium-based layered double hydroxides (MgAl-B-LDHs) are filtered, washed, dried and directly used as a high smoke suppression flame retardant to be added into a flame retardant PP composite material; or ion exchange is carried out with a sodium carbonate solution, interlayer anion borate is exchanged into the solution to obtain a concentrated solution, and boric acid is obtained after acidification; and lithium ions in the brine are remained in the filtrate, and the lithium is enriched and extracted by using the lithium ion imprinted polymer. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of smoke-inhibiting fire retardant
Weighing a certain amount of aluminum source, adding the aluminum source into the boron-containing salt lake brine, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing; weighing a certain amount of alkali, dissolving in water to prepare a precipitator; rapidly mixing brine solution and a precipitator under high-speed shearing stirring to form nuclei, and then crystallizing for 1-12 hours at a certain temperature, stirring speed and system pH value; then filtering the reaction solution, washing a filter cake to be alkalescent or neutral by pure water, and spray-drying to obtain the high smoke-suppression flame retardant (MgAl-B-LDHs); lithium ions are retained in the filtrate and used for subsequent separation and lithium extraction;
(2) extracting boron
Adding the solid obtained in the step (1) into a sodium carbonate solution for ion exchange, exchanging borate anions between MgAl-B-LDHs layers out of the layers by carbonate, realizing boron enrichment, and then acidifying, concentrating and crystallizing to obtain boric acid;
(3) lithium extraction
And (2) adding a proper amount of lithium ion imprinted polymer into the filtrate obtained in the step (1), fully adsorbing lithium ions in the filtrate, filtering and separating, desorbing the lithium ions by using bipolar membrane electrodialysis on the lithium ion imprinted polymer after lithium adsorption to obtain a lithium chloride concentrated solution, realizing enrichment of the lithium ions, and adding sodium carbonate to precipitate to obtain crude lithium carbonate for preparing refined lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide.
2. The method for utilizing the boron resource in the salt lake brine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added aluminum source is one or a mixture of two of aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum hydroxide and pseudo-boehmite.
3. The method for utilizing the boron resource in the salt lake brine according to claim 1, wherein the precipitant is one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
4. The method for utilizing the boron resource in the salt lake brine as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), Al in the added aluminum source3+The amount of the substance is Mg in brine2+The amount of the substance is 1/5-1/2.
5. The method for utilizing the boron resource in the salt lake brine according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the crystallization temperature is 25 DEGoC~100oC。
6. The method for utilizing the boron resource in the salt lake brine according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the amount of the alkali is Mg2+And Al3+1.5 to 4 times the sum of the amounts of the substances.
7. The method for utilizing the boron resource in the salt lake brine according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 1-5 mol/L.
8. The method for extracting lithium from the salt lake brine with high magnesium-lithium ratio according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the lithium ion imprinted polymer is a cellulose modified cross-linked ion imprinted polymer.
CN202010233474.6A 2020-03-29 2020-03-29 Method for utilizing boron resource in salt lake brine Pending CN111362285A (en)

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