CN111338403A - Control method and control system of PTC heating device - Google Patents
Control method and control system of PTC heating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111338403A CN111338403A CN202010187269.0A CN202010187269A CN111338403A CN 111338403 A CN111338403 A CN 111338403A CN 202010187269 A CN202010187269 A CN 202010187269A CN 111338403 A CN111338403 A CN 111338403A
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- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/30—Automatic controllers with an auxiliary heating device affecting the sensing element, e.g. for anticipating change of temperature
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method of a PTC heating device, and also relates to a control system applied by the control method, wherein a drive controller electrically connected between a direct current bus power supply and the PTC heating device is adopted for realizing the drive control of the PTC heating device; the control method of the drive controller comprises temperature outer closed-loop control and current inner closed-loop control; the output signal of the temperature outer closed-loop control is used as a target working current signal input by the current inner closed-loop control, and the output signal of the current inner closed-loop control is used as a PWM duty ratio signal for driving the PTC heating device; compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the working current of the PTC heating device is more stable by adopting independent temperature closed-loop control, the impact on the PTC heating device and related components of a control system of the PTC heating device is obviously reduced, and the stability and the safety reliability of the PTC heating device are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of control of PTC heaters, and particularly relates to a control method of a PTC heating device and a control system applied to the control method.
Background
The PTC (abbreviation for Positive Temperature Coefficient) characteristic generally means that its resistivity increases with an increase in Temperature. Due to the existence of the PTC characteristic, the PTC characteristic is utilized to prepare a heating device with a temperature control function, which may also be referred to as a PTC heating device.
The existing control methods of the PTC heating devices all adopt temperature closed-loop control, specifically, a temperature sensor is adopted to sample the temperature of a PTC element or a medium applied by the PTC element, PI regulation is carried out on target control temperature and actual sampling temperature, and an output signal is used as a PWM duty ratio signal to drive the PTC to be heated until new temperature balance is reached. However, the applicant finds that in the temperature closed-loop control scheme, the output of the temperature difference after PI regulation is directly used as a driving PWM duty cycle signal, which causes the working current of the PTC heating device to have response hysteresis, which causes the working current of the control system to have large fluctuation and poor stability, and brings large impact to the PTC heating device and related components of the control system thereof, and finally causes negative effects on the service life of the PTC heating device.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method and a system for controlling a PTC heating device, so that the operating current of the PTC heating device is more stable than that of the PTC heating device controlled by a single temperature closed loop in the prior art, the impact on the PTC heating device and related components of the control system thereof is significantly reduced, and the stability and safety and reliability of the PTC heating device are significantly improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a control method of a PTC heating device adopts a drive controller which is electrically connected between a direct current bus power supply and the PTC heating device and is used for realizing the drive control of the PTC heating device; the control method of the driving controller comprises temperature outer closed-loop control and current inner closed-loop control; and the output signal of the temperature outer closed-loop control is used as a target working current signal input by the current inner closed-loop control, and the output signal of the current inner closed-loop control is used as a PWM duty ratio signal for driving the PTC heating device.
Preferably, the temperature outer closed-loop control outputs a target working current signal after performing PI or PID adjustment based on the temperature difference between a preset target temperature signal and an actual sampling temperature signal; and after the current inner closed-loop control carries out PI (proportional integral derivative) or PID (proportion integration differentiation) regulation on the basis of the current difference between the target working current signal and the actual sampling current signal, the current inner closed-loop control outputs a PWM (pulse width modulation) duty ratio signal which is used for driving the PTC heating device.
Preferably, the sampling period of the actual sampling current signal is smaller than the sampling period of the actual sampling temperature signal.
Preferably, the sampling period of the actual sampling current signal ranges from 20 ms to 200ms, and the sampling period of the actual sampling temperature signal ranges from 300 ms to 800 ms.
Preferably, the voltage range of the direct current bus power supply is 200-550V.
Preferably, the medium of the PTC heating device is cooling liquid, the target temperature range of the cooling liquid is 16-90 ℃, and the target working current of the PTC heating device is not more than 35A.
Preferably, the present invention further provides a control system for a PTC heating device, comprising a dc bus power supply, a PTC heating device, and a drive controller electrically connected between the dc bus power supply and the PTC heating device, wherein the drive controller is configured to implement drive control on the PTC heating device; the drive controller performs drive control using the control method described above.
Preferably, the driving controller comprises an MCU main control module and a driving circuit for driving the PTC heating device, and the MCU main control module outputs a driving signal to the driving circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a temperature sensor for temperature sampling is arranged between the MCU main control module and the PTC heating device and is used for inputting an actual sampling temperature signal to the MCU main control module;
a current sampling circuit for current sampling is arranged between the direct current bus power supply and the PTC heating device, and the current sampling circuit inputs an actual sampling current signal to the MCU main control module;
and the MCU main control module calculates and outputs a PWM duty ratio signal according to the temperature outer closed-loop control and the current inner closed-loop control based on the target temperature, the actual sampling temperature signal and the actual sampling current signal, and takes the PWM duty ratio signal as the driving signal.
Preferably, the MCU master control module comprises a temperature PI regulator for performing PI or PID regulation on the temperature difference and a current PI regulator for performing PI or PID regulation on the current difference; the input signal of the temperature PI regulator comprises a target temperature signal and an actual sampling temperature signal, and the output end of the temperature PI regulator outputs a target working current signal; the input signal of the current PI regulator comprises the target working current signal and an actual sampling current signal, and the output end of the current PI regulator outputs the PWM duty ratio signal.
Preferably, the temperature sensor adopts an NTC sensor; and a low-pass filter for filtering the actual sampling current signal is arranged between the current sampling circuit and the MCU main control module, or the MCU main control module carries out filtering processing on the actual sampling current signal through a low-pass filtering algorithm.
It should be noted that the PI regulation according to the present invention refers to proportional and integral regulation, the PID regulation refers to proportional, integral and derivative regulation, the specific regulation principle and calculation formula are common knowledge in the art, and the present embodiment is not specifically explained; the technical effect of the present invention can be obtained by those skilled in the art by selecting the adjustment mode of the PI regulator according to the actual requirement and through setting the relevant adjustment parameter, for example, by using a PI adjustment mode or a PID adjustment mode, and equivalents or changes of these adjustment modes are within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be further specifically noted that, since the power is equal to the voltage of the current × dc bus power supply, and the voltage of the dc bus power supply in this application belongs to the non-closed-loop control parameter, when this application is embodied, the current inner closed-loop control in this application can also be replaced by the power inner closed-loop control completely, and the working nature of the power inner closed-loop control is also based on the current inner closed-loop control, except that the operational data of the MCU main control module is different, which are equivalent alternatives that can be made by those skilled in the art based on the common general knowledge in the art and the conventional technical means of this disclosure, and it should be noted that, as with the equivalent alternatives that use of the power inner closed-loop control, the current inner closed-loop control is implemented by changing the operational data based on the current inner closed-loop control, and these related parameter inner closed-loop controls also belong to the equivalent alternatives to the current inner closed-loop control in this application, and the protection scope of this invention is also included in this application.
The invention creatively provides a control idea of temperature outer closed-loop control and current inner closed-loop control, and the specific working principle is that firstly, the temperature outer closed-loop control carries out PI or PID adjustment and outputs an adjusting signal based on the temperature difference between the target temperature and the actual sampling temperature, the adjusting signal is further used as a target working current signal for realizing the temperature outer closed-loop control and further realizing the desired temperature ring balance, then, the current difference between the target working current signal and the actual sampling current signal is subjected to PI or PID adjustment through the current inner closed-loop control, the signal output by the current inner closed-loop control is used as a PWM duty ratio signal for driving a PTC heating device, the PWM duty ratio signal can sensitively and quickly output a working current set according to the target working current signal parameter to the DC bus power supply to the PTC heating device, so that the control system of the PTC heating device can reach the current ring balance in advance, and under the target working current, the temperature of the PTC heating device reaches the preset target temperature, and finally the temperature ring is balanced, the response sensitivity of the working current of the whole PTC heating device can be obviously improved through the working process, so that the working current of the PTC heating device is more stable compared with the control of adopting an independent temperature closed loop in the prior art, the impact on the PTC heating device and related components of a control system of the PTC heating device is obviously reduced, and the stability and the safety reliability of the PTC heating device are obviously improved.
In daily practical application of the PCT heating device, a plurality of PCT heating device branches (referred to as "multi-branch PTC heaters" herein) arranged in parallel are usually provided to achieve efficient and accurate heating and temperature control effects on a medium to be temperature controlled (such as a coolant), and the existing control method for each PCT heating device branch basically adopts an MCU to output a synchronous PWM signal to a driving circuit corresponding to each PCT heating device branch, however, the applicant found that in an actual working process, because each PCT heating device branch is driven by a synchronous PWM signal, the overall working current of the PTC heater fluctuates in a large amplitude in a single driving signal period, and thus the average degree of input power of the overall control system of the PTC heater in a single driving signal period is very poor, which also brings great impact to the PTC heater and related components of the control system thereof, ultimately, the service life of the PTC heater is also adversely affected.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a control method for the multi-branch PTC heater, wherein the multi-branch PTC heater comprises a plurality of PCT heating devices which are connected in parallel, and a drive controller which is electrically connected between a direct current bus power supply and each PCT heating device is adopted and is used for respectively realizing the drive control of each PCT heating device; the driving controller comprises an MCU main control module and a plurality of driving circuits which are respectively used for the PCT heating devices, and the MCU main control module respectively sends PWM duty ratio signals with equal frequency to the driving circuits; wherein the PWM duty cycle signals of at least 2 driving circuits have a phase difference not equal to 0 for improving the average degree of the input power of the multi-branch PTC heater in a single signal period.
Preferably, the phase difference time is in the range of 10-90% of the period of a single PWM duty cycle signal.
Preferably, the phase difference time is in the range of 30-60% of a single PWM duty cycle signal period.
Preferably, the frequency of the PWM duty signal is 5-50 Hz.
Preferably, the duty cycle range is no greater than 33.3%, or greater than 33.3% and less than 66.6%, or no less than 66.6%. Of course, the present application relates to PWM duty cycle signals having a duty cycle greater than 0 and less than 100%, which is common knowledge of the person skilled in the art for duty cycle definition.
Preferably, the multi-branch PTC heater comprises 3 parallel PCT heating devices, and each PCT heating device is respectively provided with a first driving circuit, a second driving circuit and a third driving circuit; the MCU master control module sends a first PWM duty ratio signal, a second PWM duty ratio signal and a third PWM duty ratio signal with equal frequency to the first drive circuit, the second drive circuit and the third drive circuit respectively; and each two PWM duty ratio signals have a phase difference which is not equal to 0.
Preferably, a phase difference time of the first PWM duty signal and the second PWM duty signal is equal to a phase difference time of the second PWM duty signal and the third PWM duty signal.
Preferably, the ratio of the phase difference time of the first PWM duty signal and the second PWM duty signal to the period of the single PWM duty signal is 1/3.
Preferably, the control method of the PTC heating device as described above is employed for each PCT heating device in the multi-branch PTC heater in the present application: PWM duty ratio signals of the driving circuits are output after temperature outer closed-loop control and current inner closed-loop control are adopted through the MCU main control module; and the output signal of the temperature outer closed-loop control is used as a target working current signal input by the current inner closed-loop control, and the output signal of the current inner closed-loop control is used as a PWM duty ratio signal for driving the PCT heating device corresponding to the output signal.
Preferably, the temperature outer closed-loop control outputs a target working current signal after performing PI or PID adjustment based on the temperature difference between a preset target temperature signal and an actual sampling temperature signal; and after the current inner closed-loop control carries out PI or PID adjustment on the basis of the current difference between the target working current signal and the actual sampling current signal, the current inner closed-loop control outputs a PWM duty ratio signal which is used for driving the PCT heating device corresponding to the current inner closed-loop control.
The rest of the preferred technical schemes refer to the preferred technical scheme in the control method of the PTC heating device, and the description is not repeated.
The invention creatively provides that PWM duty ratio signals with non-0 phase difference and equal frequency are adopted as driving signals for each PCT heating device, under the action of the technical idea, the current fluctuation amplitude of a multi-branch PTC heater in a single signal period can be effectively reduced, the average degree of input power of the multi-branch PTC heater in the single signal period is improved, further, the impact on the PTC heater and related components of a control system of the PTC heater in the working process of the multi-branch PTC heater can be reduced, finally, the stability and the safety reliability of the multi-branch PTC heater are improved, and further, the service life of the multi-branch PTC heater in practical application is ensured; the invention further enables the multi-branch PTC heater to obtain a working current waveform with good stability through specific parameter design, the input power of the multi-branch PTC heater is evenly distributed in a single signal period, and the multi-branch PTC heater has an excellent average power control effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control algorithm logic structure of a PTC heating device in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the control system of the PTC heating device in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a logical structure of a control algorithm of a PTC heating device in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the operating current in the implementation process of embodiment 1 of the present invention in a specific application case;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of an operating current in the implementation process of a specific application case in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a multi-branch PTC heater in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing PWM duty signals and their operating current waveforms (single signal period) of a multi-branch PTC heater in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing PWM duty signals and their operating current waveforms (single signal period) for a multi-branch PTC heater in comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing PWM duty signals and their operating current waveforms (single signal period) for a multi-branch PTC heater in accordance with embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a graph (single signal period) of PWM duty signals and operating current waveforms of the multi-branch PTC heaters according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention discloses a control method of a PTC heating device, which adopts a drive controller electrically connected between a direct current bus power supply and a PTC heater for realizing the drive control of the PTC heater; the control method of the drive controller comprises temperature outer closed-loop control and current inner closed-loop control; the output signal of the temperature outer closed-loop control is used as a target working current signal input by the current inner closed-loop control, and the output signal of the current inner closed-loop control is used as a PWM duty ratio signal for driving the PTC heater.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1 and 2, a control method of the PTC heating device 20 employs a driving controller 30 electrically connected between a dc bus power supply 10 and the PTC heating device 20 for implementing driving control of the PTC heating device 20; the control method of the drive controller comprises temperature outer closed-loop control and current inner closed-loop control; wherein, the output signal of the outer closed-loop control of the temperature is used as the target working current signal input by the inner closed-loop control of the current, and the output signal of the inner closed-loop control of the current is used as the PWM duty ratio signal for driving the PTC heating device 20; specifically, the temperature outer closed-loop control outputs a target working current signal after performing PI or PID adjustment based on the temperature difference between a preset target temperature signal and an actual sampling temperature signal; the current inner closed-loop control performs PI or PID adjustment based on the current difference between the target working current signal and the actual sampling current signal, and then outputs the current difference as a PWM duty ratio signal for driving the PTC heating device 20;
in this embodiment, the medium of the PTC heating device 20 is a cooling liquid, and in consideration of the temperature control requirement of the cooling liquid, this embodiment further proposes a preferable scheme, where the target temperature range of the cooling liquid is 16-90 ℃, and the target operating current of the PTC heating device 20 is not greater than 35A; the voltage range of the DC bus power supply 10 is 200-550V; of course, in other embodiments, the target temperature range, the target operating current range and the voltage range of the dc bus power supply 10 can be adjusted according to the medium change applied by the PTC heating device 20, which are all conventional technical choices that can be made by those skilled in the art according to the description of the present application, and therefore, the embodiments of the present application are not described in detail.
In order to achieve a better implementation effect, in the present embodiment, the sampling period of the actual sampling current signal is smaller than the sampling period of the actual sampling temperature signal; preferably, the sampling period range of the actual sampling current signal is 20-200ms, and the sampling period range of the actual sampling temperature signal is 300-800 ms; more specifically, preferably, in the present embodiment, the sampling period of the actually sampled current signal is 100ms, the sampling period of the actually sampled temperature signal is 500ms, and the sensitivity of the temperature sampling signal is generally smaller than that of the current sampling signal;
referring to fig. 2 as well, the present embodiment further specifically and preferably proposes a control system applied to the control method of the PTC heating device 20, which includes a dc bus power supply 10, the PTC heating device 20, and a drive controller 30 electrically connected between the dc bus power supply 10 and the PTC heating device 20, where the drive controller 30 is configured to implement drive control on the PTC heating device 20; the drive controller 30 performs drive control by the above control method; preferably, in the present embodiment, the driving controller 30 includes an MCU main control module 31 and a driving circuit 32 for driving the PTC heating device 20, and the MCU main control module 31 outputs a driving signal to the driving circuit 32; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a temperature sensor 41 for temperature sampling is arranged between the MCU main control module 31 and the PTC heating device 20 and is used for inputting an actual sampling temperature signal to the MCU main control module 31;
a current sampling circuit 42 (specifically comprising a sampling resistor 43) for current sampling is arranged between the direct current bus power supply 10 and the PTC heating device 20, and the current sampling circuit 42 inputs an actual sampling current signal to the MCU main control module 31;
the MCU main control module 31 calculates and outputs a PWM duty ratio signal according to temperature outer closed-loop control and current inner closed-loop control based on the target temperature, the actual sampling temperature signal and the actual sampling current signal, and takes the PWM duty ratio signal as a driving signal; particularly preferably, in the present embodiment, the MCU main control module 31 includes a temperature PI regulator 31a for performing PI or PID regulation on the temperature difference, and a current PI regulator 31b for performing PI or PID regulation on the current difference; the input signal of the temperature PI regulator 31a includes a target temperature signal and an actual sampling temperature signal, and the output end thereof outputs a target working current signal; the input signal of the current PI regulator 31b includes a target operating current signal and an actual sampling current signal, and the output terminal thereof outputs a PWM duty signal.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the driving circuit 32 may adopt a driving circuit having a driving function in the prior art, and the present application does not particularly limit the driving circuit, and specifically, in the present embodiment, the driving circuit includes a plurality of power switching transistors (for example, MOS transistors or a combination of the MOS transistors and the transistors) and is configured to input a PWM duty signal to implement a driving function for the PTC heating device; the temperature sensor adopts an NTC sensor (belonging to a thermistor); a low-pass filter 44 for filtering the actual sampling current signal is arranged between the current sampling circuit 42 and the MCU main control module 31; in other embodiments of the present application, a low-pass filtering algorithm may also be directly set in the MCU main control module to perform filtering processing on the actual sampled current signal, so that a similar filtering processing effect may be obtained.
To further specifically explain the implementation process of the embodiment, the application specifically develops the implementation process of a specific application case:
in this specific embodiment, the medium of the PTC heating device 20 is a coolant, the control system of the PTC heating device 20 is at a preset target temperature of 35 ℃, the actual sampling temperature is also 35 ℃, the target working current signal output by the temperature PI regulator 31a is 8A, the actual sampling current signal is 8A, the current PI regulator 31b outputs a PWM duty cycle signal with a duty cycle of 50%, and at this time, the PTC heating device 20 is in a bi-stable balanced temperature outer closed-loop control state and a current inner closed-loop control state; when the control system receives a new preset target temperature of 40 ℃ input by an upper computer, the temperature PI regulator 31a recognizes that a temperature difference of 5 ℃ is generated at the moment, the target working current signal is regulated upwards through PID regulation, the original 8A is increased by 10A, the current PI regulator 31b recognizes that a current difference of 2A is generated at the moment, the current PI regulator 31b regulates and increases the PWM duty ratio signal output by the current PI regulator through PID regulation, specifically, the duty ratio is increased to 80% from 50%, under the driving action of the PWM duty ratio signal with the duty ratio of 80%, the working current of the PTC heating device 20 is rapidly increased, until the actual sampling current signal reaches 10A, the current inner closed-loop control firstly enters a stable balanced state, the PTC heating device 20 rapidly increases the temperature of the cooling liquid under the working current of 10A until the actual sampling temperature signal is displayed to reach 40 ℃, at this time, the temperature outer closed-loop control also enters a stable equilibrium state, and at this time, the PTC heating device 20 enters the temperature outer closed-loop control state and the current inner closed-loop control state of the bistable equilibrium again.
This embodiment 1 creatively provides a control idea of temperature external closed-loop control and current internal closed-loop control, and the specific working principle is that firstly, the temperature external closed-loop control performs PI or PID adjustment based on the temperature difference between the target temperature and the actual sampling temperature and outputs an adjustment signal, the adjustment signal further serves as a target working current signal for achieving the temperature external closed-loop control and further achieving the desired temperature loop balance, then, the current difference between the target working current signal and the actual sampling current signal is subjected to PI or PID adjustment through the current internal closed-loop control, the signal output by the current internal closed-loop control serves as a PWM duty signal for driving the PTC heating device, the PWM duty signal can sensitively and rapidly output a working current set according to the target working current signal parameter to the dc bus power supply 10 to the PTC heating device 20, so as to previously enable the control system of the PTC heating device 20 to achieve current loop balance, and under the target working current, the temperature of the PTC heating device 20 reaches the preset target temperature, and finally reaches the temperature ring balance, the response sensitivity of the working current of the whole PTC heating device 20 can be obviously improved through the working process, so that the working current of the PTC heating device 20 is more stable compared with the control of adopting a single temperature closed loop in the prior art, the impact on the PTC heating device 20 and related components of a control system of the PTC heating device 20 is obviously reduced, and the stability and the safety reliability of the PTC heating device 20 are obviously improved.
Comparative example 1: the present comparative example 1 adopts the conventional control method and control system of the PTC heating device 20, and the overall block diagram of the control system of the present comparative example 1 is the same as that of the above embodiment 1, except that: referring to fig. 3, in the present comparative example 1, the arithmetic logic structure of the MCU main control module does not include the current PI regulator, and the control method thereof includes: the temperature PI regulator 31a of the MCU main control module calculates and outputs a PWM duty ratio signal according to the existing temperature closed-loop control based on the target temperature and the actual sampling temperature signal, and the PWM duty ratio signal is directly used as a driving signal of the driving circuit.
To further directly compare the effects of the above examples 1 and comparative examples 1, the present application also performed the heating requirements of the same conditions using example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively: a heating demand is received from an initial equilibrium state with a target temperature of 45 c.
Referring to fig. 4, in the heating control process of embodiment 1, the working current waveform of the control system of embodiment 1 is stable; referring to fig. 5, in the heating control process of comparative example 1, the operating current waveform of the control system of comparative example 1 shows significantly severe changes, and the stability is poor, which is obviously not favorable for the stability and safety reliability of the PTC heating device.
Example 2: referring to fig. 6, a control method for a multi-branch PTC heater 2, the multi-branch PTC heater 2 includes a plurality of PCT heating devices 20 connected in parallel, and a drive controller electrically connected between a dc bus power supply 1 and each PCT heating device 20 is used to respectively realize drive control of each PCT heating device 20; the driving controller comprises an MCU main control module 31 and a plurality of driving circuits 32 which are respectively used for each PCT heating device 20, the MCU main control module 31 respectively sends PWM duty ratio signals with equal frequency to each driving circuit 32, wherein the PWM duty ratio signals of at least 2 driving circuits 32 have phase difference which is not equal to 0, and the driving controller is used for improving the average degree of input power of the multi-branch PTC heater 2 in a single signal period; under the action of the technical idea, the current fluctuation amplitude of the multi-branch PTC heater 2 in a single signal period can be effectively reduced, the average degree of the input power of the multi-branch PTC heater 2 in the single signal period is improved, further, the impact on the PTC heater 2 and relevant components of a control system of the PTC heater 2 in the working process of the multi-branch PTC heater 2 can be reduced, the stability and the safety reliability of the multi-branch PTC heater 2 are finally improved, and the service life of the multi-branch PTC heater 2 in practical application is further ensured;
preferably, as further shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the multi-branch PTC heater 2 comprises 3 PCT heating devices 20 connected in parallel, and each PCT heating device 20 is provided with a first driving circuit 32a, a second driving circuit 32b and a third driving circuit 32c respectively; the MCU main control module 31 sends a first PWM duty signal PTC1, a second PWM duty signal PTC2 and a third PWM duty signal PTC3 with equal frequency to the first driving circuit 32a, the second driving circuit 32b and the third driving circuit 32c respectively; wherein, every two PWM duty ratio signals have a phase difference which is not equal to 0; preferably, the frequency of the PWM duty signal of each driving circuit is 5 to 50Hz, more preferably, in the present embodiment, the frequency of the PWM duty signal of each driving circuit is 8 to 16Hz, specifically, in the present embodiment, the frequencies of the first, second and third PWM duty signals PTC1, PTC2 and PTC3 are all 12Hz, and the duty ranges of the respective PWM duty signals PTC1, PTC2 and PTC3 are not more than 33.3%;
in order to make the multi-branch PTC heater 2 obtain more obvious average input power effect, generally speaking, the proportion of the phase difference time in a single PWM duty cycle signal period is in the range of 10-90%; more preferably, the proportion of the phase difference time in a single PWM duty cycle signal period is in the range of 30-60%; particularly preferably, in the present embodiment, the phase difference time t1 of the first PWM duty signal PTC1 and the second PWM duty signal PTC2 is equal to the phase difference time t2 of the second PWM duty signal and the third PWM duty signal; the ratio of the phase difference time T1 of the first PWM duty signal and the second PWM duty signal to the single PWM duty signal period T is 1/3.
Referring further to fig. 7, it can be seen that the PWM duty cycle signals of the PCT heating devices 20 and the operating current waveform diagrams of the PCT heaters 2 in this embodiment 1 are good and smooth operating current waveforms of this embodiment 1, and the input powers of the multiple PTC heaters 2 are evenly distributed in a single signal period.
More preferably, in the present embodiment, the control method and control structure of the PTC heating devices as described in embodiment 1 are adopted for each PCT heating device 20 in the multi-branch PTC heater 2 in the present embodiment: a current sampling circuit 42 (specifically comprising a sampling resistor 43) for sampling current is arranged between the direct current bus power supply 10 and each PTC heating device 20, and the current sampling circuit 42 inputs actual sampling current signals of each PTC heating device 20 to the MCU main control module 31; temperature sensors 41 for temperature sampling are arranged between the MCU main control module 31 and the PTC heating devices 20, and are used for inputting actual sampling temperature signals of the PTC heating devices 20 to the MCU main control module 31;
the PWM duty ratio signals of each driving circuit 32 are output through the MCU main control module 31 by using temperature external closed-loop control and current internal closed-loop control; wherein, the output signal of the temperature outer closed-loop control is used as the target working current signal input by the current inner closed-loop control, and the output signal of the current inner closed-loop control is used as the PWM duty ratio signal for driving the PCT heating device 20 corresponding to the output signal; the temperature outer closed-loop control carries out PI or PID adjustment based on the temperature difference between a preset target temperature signal and an actual sampling temperature signal and then outputs a target working current signal; the current inner closed-loop control carries out PI or PID adjustment based on the current difference between the target working current signal and the actual sampling current signal, and then the current inner closed-loop control outputs a PWM duty ratio signal which is used for driving the PCT heating device 20 corresponding to the current inner closed-loop control; more specific control method can be directly referred to the technical scheme of embodiment 1, and by combining the above 2 innovative schemes, not only can the multi-branch PTC heater 2 obtain a working current waveform with good stability, and the input power of the multi-branch PTC heater 2 is evenly distributed in a single signal period, so as to have excellent average power control effect, but also the working current of each PTC heating device 20 can be more stable compared with the prior art that the single temperature closed-loop control is adopted, so that the impact on all PTC heating devices 20 and related components of the control system thereof is obviously reduced, and the stability and safety reliability of the PTC heating devices 20 are further obviously improved.
Comparative example 2: the remaining technical solutions of the comparative example 2 are the same as those of the embodiment 2, except that the synchronous driving technique in the prior art is adopted to replace the control method with the non-0 phase difference in the embodiment 2, and the synchronous driving technique of the comparative example 2 specifically means that the first PWM duty signal PTC1 ', the second PWM duty signal PTC2 ' and the third PWM duty signal PTC3 ' have no phase difference.
Referring to fig. 8, it can be seen that the PWM duty signals PTC1 ', PTC2 ', PTC3 ' and the operating current waveform of the PCT heater 2 of each PCT heating device 20 in the present comparative example 2 have large fluctuation of the operating current waveform of the present comparative example 2, and the average distribution of the input power of the multi-branch PTC heater 2 in a single signal period is significantly poor.
Example 3: the remaining technical solutions of this embodiment 3 are the same as those of embodiment 2, except that the duty ranges of the PWM duty signals PTC1a, PTC2a, and PTC3a in this embodiment 3 are greater than 33.3% and less than 66.6%; referring to fig. 9, it is apparent that the PWM duty signals PTC1a, PTC2a, PTC3a and the operating current waveform of the PCT heater 2 of each PCT heating device 20 in this embodiment 3 have a stable operating current waveform, and the input power of the multiple branch PTC heaters 2 is evenly distributed in a single signal period.
Example 4: the remaining technical solutions of this embodiment 4 are the same as those of embodiment 2, except that the duty ranges of the PWM duty signals PTC1b, PTC2b, and PTC3b in this embodiment 4 are not less than 66.6%; referring to fig. 10, it is apparent that the PWM duty signals PTC1b, PTC2b, PTC3b and the operating current waveform of the PCT heater 2 of each PCT heating device 20 in this embodiment 4 have a stable operating current waveform, and the input power of the multiple branch PTC heaters 2 is evenly distributed in a single signal period.
It should be particularly noted that, in the technical teaching of the present embodiment, a person skilled in the art can set parameters such as phase difference time, each PWM duty cycle signal period, and the duty cycle of each PWM duty cycle signal according to actual driving control needs to obtain input power effects with different average performances, and when the change of the parameter settings is compared with the prior art that the multi-branch PTC heater control technology using 0 phase difference PWM duty cycle signal can obtain the improvement of the input power average level of the multi-branch PTC heater in a single signal period, the change of the parameter selection generally belongs to the protection scope of the present application.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A control method of a PTC heating device adopts a drive controller which is electrically connected between a direct current bus power supply and the PTC heating device and is used for realizing the drive control of the PTC heating device; the control method of the drive controller is characterized by comprising temperature outer closed-loop control and current inner closed-loop control; and the output signal of the temperature outer closed-loop control is used as a target working current signal input by the current inner closed-loop control, and the output signal of the current inner closed-loop control is used as a PWM duty ratio signal for driving the PTC heating device.
2. The method of controlling a PTC heating device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature outer closed-loop control outputs a target operating current signal after PI or PID adjustment based on a temperature difference between a preset target temperature signal and an actual sampling temperature signal; and after the current inner closed-loop control carries out PI (proportional integral derivative) or PID (proportion integration differentiation) regulation on the basis of the current difference between the target working current signal and the actual sampling current signal, the current inner closed-loop control outputs a PWM (pulse width modulation) duty ratio signal which is used for driving the PTC heating device.
3. A control method of a PTC heating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sampling period of the actual sampled current signal is shorter than the sampling period of the actual sampled temperature signal.
4. A control method of a PTC heating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sampling period of the actual sampling current signal is in the range of 20-200ms, and the sampling period of the actual sampling temperature signal is in the range of 300-800 ms.
5. The method of controlling a PTC heating device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage range of the dc bus power supply is 200-550V.
6. A control method of a PTC heating device according to claim 1, wherein the medium of the PTC heating device is a coolant, the target temperature range of the coolant is 16-90 ℃, and the target operating current of the PTC heating device is not more than 35A.
7. A control system of a PTC heating device comprises a direct-current bus power supply, the PTC heating device and a drive controller electrically connected between the direct-current bus power supply and the PTC heating device, wherein the drive controller is used for realizing drive control of the PTC heating device; characterized in that the drive controller performs drive control using the control method according to claims 1 to 6.
8. A control system of a PTC heating device according to claim 7, wherein the driving controller includes a MCU main control module and a driving circuit for driving operation of the PTC heating device, the MCU main control module outputting a driving signal to the driving circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a temperature sensor for temperature sampling is arranged between the MCU main control module and the PTC heating device and is used for inputting an actual sampling temperature signal to the MCU main control module;
a current sampling circuit for current sampling is arranged between the direct current bus power supply and the PTC heating device, and the current sampling circuit inputs an actual sampling current signal to the MCU main control module;
and the MCU main control module calculates and outputs a PWM duty ratio signal according to the temperature outer closed-loop control and the current inner closed-loop control based on the target temperature, the actual sampling temperature signal and the actual sampling current signal, and takes the PWM duty ratio signal as the driving signal.
9. The control system of a PTC heating device according to claim 8, wherein the MCU main control module comprises a temperature PI regulator for PI or PID regulation of temperature difference, and a current PI regulator for PI or PID regulation of current difference; the input signal of the temperature PI regulator comprises a target temperature signal and an actual sampling temperature signal, and the output end of the temperature PI regulator outputs a target working current signal; the input signal of the current PI regulator comprises the target working current signal and an actual sampling current signal, and the output end of the current PI regulator outputs the PWM duty ratio signal.
10. A control system of a PTC heating device according to claim 8, wherein the temperature sensor employs an NTC sensor; and a low-pass filter for filtering the actual sampling current signal is arranged between the current sampling circuit and the MCU main control module, or the MCU main control module carries out filtering processing on the actual sampling current signal through a low-pass filtering algorithm.
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