CN111334930A - 石墨烯熔喷布、制造工艺及其防护用品 - Google Patents

石墨烯熔喷布、制造工艺及其防护用品 Download PDF

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CN111334930A
CN111334930A CN202010297808.6A CN202010297808A CN111334930A CN 111334930 A CN111334930 A CN 111334930A CN 202010297808 A CN202010297808 A CN 202010297808A CN 111334930 A CN111334930 A CN 111334930A
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顾建洪
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Jiangsu Simuxi Protective Equipment Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种石墨烯熔喷布、制造工艺及其防护用品，熔喷布纤维中分散粘连有石墨烯粉体，所述的粘连是石墨烯粉体颗粒部分嵌入熔喷布纤维中，或者石墨烯粉体粘接在熔喷布纤维表面，或者石墨烯粉体粘接包覆在纤维中，所述的石墨烯喷熔布与无纺布等复合后可用于制造石墨烯熔喷布防护用品。本发明具有高吸附过滤性能，能更有效去除有害气体，预防静电产生，耐撕裂，防毒抗菌效果更好。

Description

石墨烯熔喷布、制造工艺及其防护用品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种熔喷布的成型及后加工技术。
背景技术
熔喷布是口罩的主要原料，具有良好的过滤空气性能。熔喷布的原料是聚丙烯。
唐山工程技术学院学报1991年底4期，刊登的“聚丙烯粘接及其表面处理的研究”一文中的结论中指出，聚丙烯在加热的条件下表面氧化速度加快，在表面生成更多的极性基团，可以与粘接剂之间形成较多的氢键，从而得到较大的粘接强度”，这个给本专利有益启示，即加热的聚丙烯纤维容易与某些添加材料很好地粘合在一起。当然熔融的聚丙烯更可以嵌入粒子等添加材料。
专利申请号：2019100376120的发明涉及一种PM2.5口罩滤芯的制备方法。主要步骤为：首先采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯，然后制备羧基化石墨烯，之后将一定量的PVA、PET等粘合剂加入到不同浓度的羧基化石墨烯水溶液中，水浴搅拌30min。采用静电纺丝法将所得的粘稠的溶液在无纺布上纺丝，制备石墨烯膜，用做石墨烯口罩滤芯。该发明采用湿法制备，产生大量废水，纤维中成份比较复杂，卫生等级不高。
发明内容
发明目的：
提供一种具有更好吸附过滤效果、消毒杀菌效果、制造容易的石墨烯熔喷布、制造工艺及其防护用品。
技术方案：
本发明的石墨烯熔喷布，具有熔喷布的形状，熔喷布纤维中分散粘连有石墨烯（本文中包含氧化石墨烯）粉体，所述的粘连是石墨烯粉体（颗粒或片状）部分嵌入熔喷布纤维中，或者石墨烯粉体粘接在熔喷布纤维表面，或者石墨烯粉体粘接包覆在纤维中，所述的粘接是熔喷布纤维呈粘流态所具有的粘性而与粉体粘接。
聚丙烯熔融状态挤出聚丙烯纤维，尚未冷却硬化为时，粘接石墨烯粉体（尤其是纳米石墨烯，小于熔喷纤维的直径，不容易切断纤维，不降低纤维布的阻隔性能）的粘接强度较高，基本不会脱落。
石墨烯粉体主要粘连在熔喷布纤维的一个表面或者上下两个表面，在表面时，石墨烯更方便吸附废气粉尘或病菌。
在喷熔布纤维成型初期，喷熔布纤维呈现粘流态，此时喷洒的部分石墨烯粉体将嵌入纤维表面，部分被粘流态的纤维的粘性所粘附。而且喷熔布纤维容易卷曲，将粘接并包裹部分石墨烯粉体，使得两者粘接更牢。
粘接石墨烯粉体的喷熔布在冷却收卷成的同时，石墨烯粉体与PP纤维镶嵌或者凝结粘连在一起，而不是吸附或混杂在一起。粉体（颗粒）与纤维结合牢固，不易脱落，当制成防护用品如口罩时，粉体不会因空气流动二丢落到人的口腔中。
优选熔喷布纤维为聚丙烯熔喷布纤维。
进一步优选，喷洒纳米银或银的化合物类抗菌抗病毒物质粉体或液体（接触喷熔布纤维高温后溶剂挥发掉）；或者喷洒能够释放负离子物质（优选硅藻泥）的粉体或液体。
即在熔喷布纤维中还粘连有纳米银或银的化合物类抗菌抗病毒物质粉体颗粒，或者粘连有能够释放负离子物质的粉体颗粒。
石墨烯熔喷布的制造工艺，具有下列顺序的工艺过程：
1）在喷熔布喷熔纤维设备的出口（优选厚度0.1-5mm的扁平状出口，纤维直径是微米级）与冷却设备之间，增加石墨烯喷洒设备；
2）喷熔布喷熔成絮状或网状纤维，尚处于高温粘流状态时，向絮状或网状纤维上喷洒石墨烯粉体（粒径纳米级），使得石墨烯粉体局部嵌入纤维中或者粘接在纤维上；
3）冷却辊冷却喷洒过石墨烯粉体的熔喷纤维，冷却过程中，石墨烯粉体凝结在喷熔布纤维上，成为石墨烯喷熔布。
石墨烯熔喷布的制造工艺中，采用聚丙烯作为喷熔布主要原料，在上述工艺过程2）中，将石墨烯粉体预热到PP熔点（约165-180℃，聚合度不同略有差异，PP纤维的熔点略高于PP粒子的熔点）-PP粒子的软化点（155-160℃，PP纤维的软化点略高于此）之间的温度时，再喷洒到絮状或网状聚丙烯纤维上，保证两者接触瞬间熔喷纤维还处于粘流态而不会冷却为固态，同时温度不过高导致纤维熔断，石墨烯纤维能够嵌入纤维中或者牢固粘接在纤维上。
采用上述的石墨烯熔喷布做一层里层材料，与两层或多层无纺纤维布层或纺织品层复合制成石墨烯喷熔布复合布料，以此为主体材料再经过裁剪缝制加工制作成防护衣等防护用品；或者采用该复合布料，外加耳带或及鼻梁条而制成石墨烯熔喷布口罩。
有益效果：
本发明这样的制品，具有石墨烯的高吸附性能，介电性能，能更有效过滤吸附有害气体，预防静电产生。纤维中如还添加有其它抗菌物质抗病毒物质，这样的口罩还兼具杀菌灭毒功能。
比表面积大，吸附能力强，对烟气和灰尘、细菌病毒、吸湿透气的吸附能力强，过滤效果好；石墨烯与基材附着力强，水洗20次杀菌效果无明显变化；
石墨烯粉体（实际是片状的，材料柔软性好、本身具有很高的抗拉强度）与熔喷布纤维粘接后形成的复合层布料的力学强度也比单纯的熔喷布耐撕裂强度提高了。
石墨烯具有良好的抗菌性能，能够吸收对人体有害的紫外光，释放对人体有益的红外光，激活皮肤免疫细胞功能，加强了白细胞和网状内皮细胞的吞噬功能，达到消炎杀菌的目的。
由于石墨烯材料聚集体就像一个个纳米级的密集组合的万刃刀片组，而细菌、病毒等微生物是微米级，后者比前者大1000倍左右，当游动的细菌、病毒等微生物碰到石墨烯时，就如同碰到一把把很锋利的刀片，直接把细菌、病毒等微生物分成多段砍死。所以说，石墨烯对细菌病毒的种类是无选择性的杀灭。
经研究测试，对大肠杆菌、白色念球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌及绿藻、蓝藻等单细胞生物的杀菌率均达99%以上，对细菌的种类几乎无选择。
石墨烯不是添加在聚丙烯粒子中一同挤出，而是在处于粘流态未冷却具有粘性的熔喷纤维中添加，保证石墨烯不被聚丙烯全部包覆，只是局部镶嵌或者粘连，粉体既不易脱落，又能够发挥石墨烯的特有的吸附作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种产品口罩的结构示意图；
图中，1-石墨烯喷熔布层；2-石墨烯粉体；3-喷熔布纤维；4-无纺布层；5-耳带。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的石墨烯喷熔布口罩，采用聚丙烯熔喷布为中间层、两层无纺纤维布为上下层的复合布料，经过裁剪缝合（烫合），然后粘接两只耳带制成。聚丙烯熔喷纤维中分散粘连有石墨烯粉体，所述的粘连是石墨烯粉体颗粒部分嵌入熔喷布纤维中，或者石墨烯粉体粘接在熔喷布纤维表面上。
石墨烯喷熔布成型采用下述工艺：
1）在喷熔布喷熔纤维设备的0.5mm扁平状出口与冷却设备之间，增加石墨烯喷洒设备；
2）喷熔布喷熔成絮状或网状纤维，尚处于高温粘流状态时，向絮状或网状纤维上喷洒石墨烯粉体（粒径纳米级，经过加热至165℃），使得石墨烯粉体局部嵌入纤维中或者粘接在纤维上；
3）冷却辊冷却喷洒过石墨烯粉体的熔喷纤维网，冷却过程中，石墨烯粉体凝结在喷熔布纤维上，成为石墨烯喷熔布，再经过卷绕装置收卷备用。

Claims (9)

1.一种石墨烯熔喷布，具有熔喷布的形状，其特征在于：熔喷布纤维中分散粘连有石墨烯粉体，所述的粘连是石墨烯粉体颗粒部分嵌入熔喷布纤维中，或者石墨烯粉体粘接在熔喷布纤维表面，或者石墨烯粉体粘接包覆在纤维中，所述的粘接是熔喷布纤维呈粘流态所具有的粘性而与粉体粘接。
2.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯熔喷布，其特征在于：石墨烯粉体主要粘连在熔喷布纤维的一个表面或者上下两个表面。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的石墨烯熔喷布，其特征在于：熔喷布纤维为聚丙烯熔喷布纤维。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的石墨烯熔喷布，其特征在于：熔喷布纤维中还粘连有纳米银或银的化合物类抗菌抗病毒物质粉体。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的石墨烯熔喷布，其特征在于：熔喷布纤维中还粘连有能够释放出负离子的物质粉体。
6.一种石墨烯熔喷布的制造工艺，其特征在于：具有下列顺序的工艺过程：
1）在喷熔布喷熔纤维设备的出口与冷却设备之间，增加石墨烯喷洒设备；
2）喷熔布喷熔成絮状或网状纤维，尚处于高温粘流状态时，向絮状或网状纤维上喷洒石墨烯粉体，使得石墨烯粉体局部嵌入纤维中或者粘接在纤维上；
3）冷却辊冷却喷洒过石墨烯粉体的喷熔纤维，冷却过程中，石墨烯粉体凝结在喷熔布纤维上，成为石墨烯喷熔布。
7.如权利要求6所述的石墨烯熔喷布的制造工艺，其特征在于：
采用聚丙烯作为喷熔布的主要原料，在上述工艺过程2）中，将石墨烯粉体预热到PP纤维熔点-PP软化点之间的温度后，再喷洒到絮状或网状聚丙烯纤维上。
8.一种石墨烯熔喷布防护用品，其特征在于：采用权利要求1所述的石墨烯熔喷布做一层材料，与两层或多层无纺纤维布层或纺织品层复合为复合布料，采用该复合布料为主体材料，经过裁剪缝制加工而成。
9.如权利要求8所述的石墨烯熔喷布防护用品，其特征在于：裁剪缝制，再添加耳带、或及鼻梁条，加工而成石墨烯熔喷布口罩。
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CN112481644A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-03-12 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 花状石墨烯、熔喷布及二者制备方法和一种口罩
EP3954818A1 (en) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-16 Fameccanica.Data S.p.A. A method and apparatus for producing nonwoven articles containing graphene and/or graphene oxide and nonwoven articles produced using the same
CN114775103A (zh) * 2022-04-26 2022-07-22 周泊罕 一种具有抗hpv病毒功能的复合纤维材料及其应用
CN115354445A (zh) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-18 江苏英伟医疗有限公司 一种具有粗糙表面的疏水熔喷布及其制备方法

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EP3954818A1 (en) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-16 Fameccanica.Data S.p.A. A method and apparatus for producing nonwoven articles containing graphene and/or graphene oxide and nonwoven articles produced using the same
EP4148173A1 (en) * 2020-08-11 2023-03-15 Fameccanica.Data S.p.A. A method and apparatus for producing non-woven elements containing graphene
US11807963B2 (en) 2020-08-11 2023-11-07 Fameccanica.Data S.P.A. Method for producing non-woven elements containing graphene and/or graphene oxide
CN112481644A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-03-12 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 花状石墨烯、熔喷布及二者制备方法和一种口罩
CN112481644B (zh) * 2020-11-10 2024-05-24 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 花状石墨烯、熔喷布及二者制备方法和一种口罩
CN114775103A (zh) * 2022-04-26 2022-07-22 周泊罕 一种具有抗hpv病毒功能的复合纤维材料及其应用
CN114775103B (zh) * 2022-04-26 2024-01-09 周泊罕 一种具有抗hpv病毒功能的复合纤维材料及其应用
CN115354445A (zh) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-18 江苏英伟医疗有限公司 一种具有粗糙表面的疏水熔喷布及其制备方法

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