CN111333056A - Porous graphene and preparation method under magnetic field environment - Google Patents
Porous graphene and preparation method under magnetic field environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111333056A CN111333056A CN202010109678.9A CN202010109678A CN111333056A CN 111333056 A CN111333056 A CN 111333056A CN 202010109678 A CN202010109678 A CN 202010109678A CN 111333056 A CN111333056 A CN 111333056A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of graphene preparation, and particularly relates to porous graphene and a preparation method thereof in a magnetic field environment. According to the invention, ferrocene or nickelocene or cobaltocene is used as a catalyst precursor, low-temperature hydrothermal treatment is carried out, the ferrocene or nickelocene or cobaltocene is combined with an oxygen-containing functional group of graphene oxide and anchored in a magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet, the ferrocene is reduced into iron nanoparticles through carbonization heat treatment, and meanwhile, the iron nanoparticles can etch carbon atoms in the graphene, holes are left on a graphene sheet layer, and porous graphene is formed after acid washing. The porous graphene prepared by the invention has uniform pore diameter, can be adjusted within the range of several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers as required, has large pore diameter distribution range, and is simple in process, high in preparation efficiency, low in cost and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of graphene preparation, and particularly relates to porous graphene and a preparation method thereof in a magnetic field environment.
Background
Graphene was discovered in 2004 and immediately after its publication has received widespread scientific attention. Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms closely packed into a two-dimensional hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure, which is currently the thinnest material known. The special hexagonal honeycomb structure of graphene contains rich and novel physical phenomena, which are not the sameOnly has excellent electrical performance (the electron mobility can reach 2 × 10 at room temperature)5cm2·V-1·s-1) And outstanding heat-conducting performance (5000 W.m)-1·K-1) Ultra-high specific surface area (2630 m)2·g-1) And simultaneously, the Young modulus (1100GPa) and the breaking strength (125GPa) of the nano-tube can be comparable with those of the nano-tube. In addition, the material also has unique physical properties such as perfect quantum tunneling effect, half-integer quantum Hall effect, never-disappearing conductivity and the like. The graphene can be expected to have wide application prospects in the fields of novel electronic devices such as future nano electronic devices and integrated circuits, flexible electronic devices, ultra-high-sensitivity sensors and the like, composite materials, coatings, solar cells, super capacitors, lithium ion batteries, hydrogen storage materials and the like. At present, a large number of enterprises enter the field of development and sale of graphene-related products.
However, due to the high van der waals force and strong pi-pi acting force between graphene sheets, the graphene sheets are easy to agglomerate in the preparation process even without external force, so that the surface area of the graphene sheets cannot be fully utilized; therefore, exposing the surface of the graphene material out is particularly important for fully exerting the performance of the graphene material. The porous graphene is holes with nanometer sizes, which are manufactured in graphene sheets by a physical or chemical method, so that the defects of graphene agglomeration, insufficient utilization of surface area and the like are effectively overcome, the advantages of the two-dimensional nanosheet material are fully exerted, and the mobility of substances and energy in the graphene material is effectively improved; therefore, the porous graphene is more suitable for serving as an energy source, a catalytic material or an adsorption material, so that the performance of various devices using the porous graphene material is greatly improved.
Currently, the preparation methods of porous graphene are reported as follows: 1) strong acid oxidation followed by reduction, including chemical reduction and thermal reduction; 2) carrying out thermal reduction on metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, and removing a pore-forming agent through acid washing; 3) pore-forming by activating agents such as potassium hydroxide; 4) laser hole forming; 5) vapor deposition is carried out on a porous matrix to directly obtain porous graphene, and other methods are adopted. However, these methods provide a small pore size range, are heterogeneous, are complex and uncontrollable, and are costly to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the prior art is complex in process and basically uncontrollable in preparation process, the pore size range of the prepared porous graphene is very small, and the defects of a finished product are more, the invention provides porous graphene and a preparation method in a magnetic field environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
porous graphene prepared by the following steps:
step 1, stirring and dissolving ferrocene, cobaltocene or nickelocene with an ethanol solution, adding a graphene oxide aqueous solution, reacting in a reaction kettle after ultrasonic dispersion, and vertically placing a permanent magnet in the reaction kettle in advance;
step 2, performing suction filtration on a product after reaction in the reaction kettle, washing the product with ethanol until the product is colorless, performing freeze drying, and transferring the product to a carbonization furnace for heat treatment;
and 3, washing the product after the heat treatment with a dilute acid solution, stirring and filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the porous graphene.
Further, in the step 1, the concentration of ferrocene, cobaltocene or nickelocene in the ethanol solution is 0.1-5 mg/mL;
the concentration of the graphene oxide in the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1-20 mg/mL;
the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the ferrocene, the cobaltocene or the nickelocene is 1: 0.01-2;
the height of the permanent magnet is equal to the liquid level of the added solution, and the volume of the permanent magnet accounts for 5-50% of the total volume.
Further, the operating conditions of the ultrasonic dispersion in the step 1 are as follows: performing ultrasonic treatment in an ice water bath for 5-60 min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 100-500W; the reaction condition of the reaction kettle is constant temperature reaction at 90-180 ℃ for 2-24 h; the stirring time in the step 3 is 1-24 hours; the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
Further, the heat treatment condition of the carbonization furnace in the step 2 is constant temperature reaction at 700-1200 ℃ for 0.5-6 h; the carbonization atmosphere in the heat treatment of the carbonization furnace is argon or nitrogen, or a mixed gas of hydrogen and high argon or nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of the hydrogen in the mixed gas is 3-15%.
A preparation method of porous graphene in a magnetic field environment comprises the following steps:
step 1, stirring and dissolving ferrocene, cobaltocene or nickelocene with an ethanol solution, adding a graphene oxide aqueous solution, reacting in a reaction kettle after ultrasonic dispersion, and vertically placing a permanent magnet in the reaction kettle in advance;
step 2, performing suction filtration on a product after reaction in the reaction kettle, washing the product with ethanol until the product is colorless, performing freeze drying, and transferring the product to a carbonization furnace for heat treatment;
and 3, washing the product after the heat treatment with a dilute acid solution, stirring and filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the porous graphene.
Further, in the step 1, the concentration of ferrocene, cobaltocene or nickelocene in the ethanol solution is 0.1-5 mg/mL;
the concentration of the graphene oxide in the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1-20 mg/mL;
the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the ferrocene, the cobaltocene or the nickelocene is 1: 0.01-2;
the height of the permanent magnet is equal to the liquid level of the added solution, and the volume of the permanent magnet accounts for 5-50% of the total volume.
Further, the operating conditions of the ultrasonic dispersion in the step 1 are as follows: performing ultrasonic treatment in an ice water bath for 5-60 min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 100-500W; the reaction condition of the reaction kettle is constant temperature reaction at 90-180 ℃ for 2-24 h; the stirring time in the step 3 is 1-24 hours; the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
Further, the heat treatment condition of the carbonization furnace in the step 2 is constant temperature reaction at 700-1200 ℃ for 0.5-6 h; the carbonization atmosphere in the heat treatment of the carbonization furnace is argon or nitrogen, or a mixed gas of hydrogen and high argon or nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of the hydrogen in the mixed gas is 3-15%.
The invention provides a new method, namely, ferrocene or nickelocene or cobaltocene is used as a catalyst precursor, low-temperature hydrothermal treatment is carried out, the ferrocene or nickelocene or cobaltocene is combined with oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene oxide and anchored in a magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet, the ferrocene is reduced into iron nano particles through carbonization heat treatment, meanwhile, the iron nano particles can etch carbon atoms in the graphene, holes are left on graphene sheet layers, and porous graphene is formed after acid cleaning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method of the invention ensures that the prepared porous graphene has uniform aperture, can be adjusted within the range of several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers according to the requirement, has large aperture distribution range, simple process, high preparation efficiency and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of porous graphene according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the porous graphene of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of electrochemical performance-cycle and rate performance of porous graphene.
Detailed Description
Example 1: preparation of porous graphene
1) Adding 10mg of ferrocene into 100mL of ethanol, stirring and dissolving to prepare a 0.1mg/mL solution, continuing stirring, adding 10mg/mL of graphene oxide aqueous solution into the solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 60min under the power of 100W, transferring into a reaction kettle, keeping the height of a permanent magnet preset in the reaction kettle equal to the height of the liquid level of the added solution, heating to 90 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 24 h;
2) carrying out suction filtration on the reaction product in the step 1, washing the reaction product with ethanol until the reaction product is colorless, and after freeze drying, placing the freeze-dried product in a carbonization furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 6 hours at 700 ℃;
3) and (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in a dilute acid solution for washing, stirring for 24 hours, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to be neutral, and drying (60 ℃ for 24 hours) to obtain the final product. As shown in fig. 1, which is a scanning electron microscope image of the porous graphene of the present invention, the porous graphene prepared by the method has a pore size of 10 to 100nm, which is a pore in a graphene sheet. In addition to nanopores within the sheet, there are also a large number of stacked pores between graphene sheets.
Example 2: preparation of porous graphene
1) Adding 300mg of nickelocene into 100mL of ethanol, stirring and dissolving to prepare a solution of 3mg/mL, continuously stirring, adding a graphene oxide aqueous solution of 2.99mg/mL into the solution, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 32.5min under the power of 300W, transferring the solution into a reaction kettle, keeping the height of a permanent magnet preset in the reaction kettle to be equal to the height of the liquid level of the added solution, enabling the volume of the permanent magnet to account for 20% of the total volume, heating to 135 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 13 h;
2) carrying out suction filtration on the reaction product in the step 1, washing the reaction product with ethanol until the reaction product is colorless, and after freeze drying, placing the freeze-dried product in a carbonization furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 3.25h at 950 ℃;
3) and (3) putting the product obtained in the step (2) into a dilute acid solution for washing, stirring for 12.5h, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to be neutral, and drying (90 ℃ for 14h) to obtain a final product. As shown in fig. 2, which is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the porous graphene of the present invention, it was found that the peak of the 26 ° carbon peak is broad and the intensity is not high, which is due to the porous structure of graphene.
Example 3: preparation of porous graphene
1) Adding 500mg of cobaltocene into 100mL of ethanol, stirring and dissolving to prepare a solution of 5mg/mL, continuously stirring, adding a graphene oxide aqueous solution of 2.5mg/mL into the solution, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 5min under the power of 500W, transferring the solution into a reaction kettle, keeping the height of a permanent magnet preset in the reaction kettle equal to the height of the liquid level of the added solution, enabling the volume of the permanent magnet to account for 50% of the total volume, heating to 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours;
2) carrying out suction filtration on the reaction product in the step 1, washing the reaction product with ethanol until the reaction product is colorless, and after freeze drying, placing the freeze-dried product in a carbonization furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 0.5h at 1200 ℃;
3) and (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in a dilute acid solution for washing, stirring for 1h, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to be neutral, and drying (120 ℃, 4h) to obtain the final product. As can be seen from fig. 3, when the initial rate test is performed on the porous graphene prepared by the present invention, under the current densities of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200mA/g, the reversible capacities of approximately 600, 480, 425, 380, 340, 300, 260 can be obtained, and when 3200mA/g is still 54% of 100mA/g, the rate performance is good. Meanwhile, when the current density of 100mA/g is used for circulating for the next 40 cycles, the reversible specific capacity can quickly return to the level of 480mAh/g, and the specific capacity is increased to 530mAh/g from 480 to a certain extent. When a multiplying power test of large current density is carried out, the reversible specific capacity can still reach 380 mAh/g, 320 mAh/g, 225 mAh/g and 150mAh/g under the current densities of 1, 2, 5 and 10A/g. And returning to the current density of 1A/g, the long-cycle test shows that the long-cycle test increases from 360 to 545mAh/g, and the long-cycle test is basically stable, which indicates that the cycle stability is very good.
Example 4: preparation of porous graphene
1) Adding 20mg of cobaltocene into 100mL of ethanol, stirring and dissolving to prepare a 0.2mg/mL solution, continuing stirring, adding 20mg/mL of graphene oxide aqueous solution into the solution, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 5min under the power of 500W, transferring the solution into a reaction kettle, keeping the height of a permanent magnet preset in the reaction kettle equal to the height of the liquid level of the added solution, enabling the volume of the permanent magnet to account for 35% of the total volume, heating to 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours;
2) carrying out suction filtration on the reaction product in the step 1, washing the reaction product with ethanol until the reaction product is colorless, and after freeze drying, placing the freeze-dried product in a carbonization furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 0.5h at 1200 ℃;
3) and (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in a dilute acid solution for washing, stirring for 1h, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to be neutral, and drying (120 ℃, 4h) to obtain the final product.
Comparative example 1
1) Adding 10mg of ferrocene into 100mL of ethanol, stirring and dissolving to prepare a solution of 0.1mg/mL, continuing stirring, adding a graphene oxide aqueous solution of 10mg/mL into the solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 60min under the power of 100W, transferring the solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 90 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 24 h;
2) carrying out suction filtration on the reaction product in the step 1, washing the reaction product with ethanol until the reaction product is colorless, and after freeze drying, placing the freeze-dried product in a carbonization furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 6 hours at 700 ℃;
3) and (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in a dilute acid solution for washing, stirring for 24 hours, carrying out suction filtration, washing with water to be neutral, and drying (60 ℃ for 24 hours) to obtain the final product. As shown in fig. 1, which is a scanning electron microscope image of the porous graphene of the present invention, the porous graphene prepared by the method has a pore size of 10 to 100nm, which is a pore in a graphene sheet. In addition to nanopores within the sheet, there are also a large number of stacked pores between graphene sheets.
When the comparative example is compared with the porous graphene prepared in the embodiment 1, the distribution of the nano-pores of the porous graphene prepared in the embodiment 1 is uniform, and the distribution of the nano-pores of the porous graphene prepared in the comparative example is very non-uniform.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (8)
1. A porous graphene characterized by: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, stirring and dissolving ferrocene, cobaltocene or nickelocene with an ethanol solution, adding a graphene oxide aqueous solution, reacting in a reaction kettle after ultrasonic dispersion, and vertically placing a permanent magnet in the reaction kettle in advance;
step 2, performing suction filtration on a product after reaction in the reaction kettle, washing the product with ethanol until the product is colorless, performing freeze drying, and transferring the product to a carbonization furnace for heat treatment;
and 3, washing the product after the heat treatment with a dilute acid solution, stirring and filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the porous graphene.
2. The porous graphene according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the concentration of ferrocene, cobaltocene or nickelocene in the ethanol solution is 0.1-5 mg/mL;
the concentration of the graphene oxide in the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1-20 mg/mL;
the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the ferrocene, the cobaltocene or the nickelocene is 1: 0.01-2;
the height of the permanent magnet is equal to the liquid level of the added solution, and the volume of the permanent magnet accounts for 5-50% of the total volume.
3. The porous graphene according to claim 1, wherein: the operating conditions of the ultrasonic dispersion in the step 1 are as follows: performing ultrasonic treatment in an ice water bath for 5-60 min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 100-500W; the reaction condition of the reaction kettle is constant temperature reaction at 90-180 ℃ for 2-24 h; the stirring time in the step 3 is 1-24 hours; the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
4. The porous graphene according to claim 1, wherein: the carbonization furnace in the step 2 is subjected to heat treatment at a constant temperature of 700-1200 ℃ for 0.5-6 h; the carbonization atmosphere in the heat treatment of the carbonization furnace is argon or nitrogen, or a mixed gas of hydrogen and high argon or nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of the hydrogen in the mixed gas is 3-15%.
5. A preparation method of porous graphene in a magnetic field environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, stirring and dissolving ferrocene, cobaltocene or nickelocene with an ethanol solution, adding a graphene oxide aqueous solution, reacting in a reaction kettle after ultrasonic dispersion, and vertically placing a permanent magnet in the reaction kettle in advance;
step 2, performing suction filtration on a product after reaction in the reaction kettle, washing the product with ethanol until the product is colorless, performing freeze drying, and transferring the product to a carbonization furnace for heat treatment;
and 3, washing the product after the heat treatment with a dilute acid solution, stirring and filtering, washing with water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the porous graphene.
6. The preparation method of porous graphene according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the concentration of ferrocene, cobaltocene or nickelocene in the ethanol solution is 0.1-5 mg/mL;
the concentration of the graphene oxide in the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 1-20 mg/mL;
the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the ferrocene, the cobaltocene or the nickelocene is 1: 0.01-2;
the height of the permanent magnet is equal to the liquid level of the added solution, and the volume of the permanent magnet accounts for 5-50% of the total volume.
7. The preparation method of porous graphene according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the operating conditions of the ultrasonic dispersion in the step 1 are as follows: performing ultrasonic treatment in an ice water bath for 5-60 min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 100-500W; the reaction condition of the reaction kettle is constant temperature reaction at 90-180 ℃ for 2-24 h; the stirring time in the step 3 is 1-24 hours; the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃, and the drying time is 4-24 h.
8. The preparation method of porous graphene according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the carbonization furnace in the step 2 is subjected to heat treatment at a constant temperature of 700-1200 ℃ for 0.5-6 h; the carbonization atmosphere in the heat treatment of the carbonization furnace is argon or nitrogen, or a mixed gas of hydrogen and high argon or nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of the hydrogen in the mixed gas is 3-15%.
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2020
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