CN110615713A - Carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 15-25 parts of biochar, 10-25 parts of ferric chloride, 1-5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 25-40 parts of cow dung, 25-35 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 10-15 parts of nano iron powder, 85 ~ parts of distilled water and 1-10 parts of honey.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Biochar is a solid material that is extremely rich in carbon, stable, and highly aromatic in carbon produced by pyrolyzing biomass at relatively low temperatures (< 700 ℃) in the absence of oxygen or low oxygen conditions. The biochar mainly comprises aromatic hydrocarbon, simple substance carbon or carbon with a graphite-like structure, and generally contains more than 60% of C element and other elements such as H, O, N, S. The biological carbon has extremely low solubility and high boiling point, has typical structural characteristics of high carboxylic acid esterification, aromatizing structure, aliphatic chain structure, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, aliphatic double bond, aromatizing and the like, and has extremely strong adsorption capacity and oxidation resistance. In the process of preparing charcoal, the micro-porous structure of the original substance is well retained in the biochar, so that the biochar has a large specific surface area. The biological carbon has the inherent characteristics of high carbon content, rich pore structure, large specific surface area and stable physicochemical property, and is also an important structural basis for returning the biological carbon to the field, improving soil, improving crop yield and realizing carbon sequestration.
In recent years, a great amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used, and a series of problems of agricultural non-point source pollution, continuous cropping obstacles and the like caused by perennial unreasonable continuous cropping, such as soil acidification hardening, nutrient reduction, heavy metal pollution, low fertilizer utilization rate, aggravation of greenhouse effect and the like, seriously affect agricultural development and ecological environment balance. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides seriously worsens the physical and chemical properties of soil, causes heavy metal pollution, and reduces the yield and quality of crops. The continuous cropping causes soil hardening, reduces soil nutrients, increases the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, influences crop yield, even causes soil salinization and soil acidification, inhibits the growth and development of crop roots, leads the plants to grow slowly and have poor nutrition, and reduces the disease resistance. In addition, in agricultural production, the random disposal or incineration treatment of a large amount of waste such as crop straws of tobacco, corn, soybean and the like, Chinese herbal medicine residues, mushroom residues and the like can cause serious pollution to farmlands and air environments, destroy surface microbial communities, mineralize humus and organic matters, aggravate soil hardening, change the physical properties of soil and influence the growth of cultivated crops. With the rapid development of animal husbandry and aquaculture, fecal contamination has become a difficult problem. On average, beef cattle weighing 1 head and 450kg can produce 23kg of excrement in a cowshed every day, and the pollution of the excrement to the environment exceeds the total amount of industrial pollution in some places and even reaches more than 2 times. The cow dung cannot be correctly treated, so that water sources and air are polluted, the soil surface microbial balance is influenced, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are deteriorated, and the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry is not facilitated. How to effectively slow down the use of a great amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and slow down the agricultural ecological environment problems caused by agricultural non-point source pollution, continuous cropping obstacles, agricultural waste pollution, livestock and poultry breeding pollution and the like becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the sustainable coordinated development of economy, ecology and environment in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of continuous cropping obstacles, heavy metal pollution and the like of soil, and the invention aims to relieve agricultural non-point source pollution, effectively improve the soil structure and porosity, loosen the soil, eliminate hardening, adjust the soil pH, promote the accumulation and conversion of organic substances, increase the contents of soil organic matters and N, P, K nutrients, adsorb, fix and passivate heavy metals in the soil, increase the microbial activity, repair the heavy metal pollution and continuous cropping obstacles of the soil and promote the growth of crops.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of biochar, 25-40 parts of cow dung, 25-35 parts of bran, 1-5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 10-25 parts of ferric chloride, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 10-15 parts of nano iron powder, 90-100 parts of distilled water and 1-10 parts of honey.
Wherein the modified biochar is prepared by mixing ferric chloride solution and biochar in a mass-volume ratio of 1: 25-1: 30g/ml and performing pyrolysis.
The cow dung is obtained after full decomposition, the water content of the common fresh cow dung is 85-90%, and the air permeability of the fresh cow dung is easily affected due to the fact that the fresh cow dung is high in water content, so that the water content of the cow dung is adjusted to 55-68% after a proper amount of bran is added and fully mixed.
Wherein the bran can be one or more of pulverized rice bran, wheat bran, sorghum bran and corn bran according to production places and conditions.
Wherein the ferric chloride is black brown crystal, is easy to dissolve in water and has strong water absorption, and can be purchased from Shandong Yu Lai chemical engineering Co.
Wherein, the citric acid is a commercial superior pure reagent.
Wherein the nanometer iron powder is black powder with average particle size of 30-80nm, and can be purchased from JindeShuo Metal materials Co.
The modified biochar is obtained by crushing, screening and sterilizing one or more of naturally air-dried rice, wheat, corn or tobacco straws, putting the crushed, screened and sterilized biochar into a customized baking pan, and carbonizing the biochar in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the carbonization temperature is 300-700 ℃, the heating speed is 10 ℃/min, and the constant temperature time is 0.5 h.
Wherein, the honey is sold in the market.
The invention relates to a carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified biochar: mixing 10-25 parts of ferric chloride and 65-75 parts of distilled water, soaking the mixed ferric chloride solution and biochar in a ferric chloride solution for 3-12 hours at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1: 25-1: 30g/ml, washing, drying at 80-105 ℃, and pyrolyzing at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
(2) preparation of cow dung material A: adjusting the water content of the cow dung: selecting crushed bran, stacking fresh cow dung into a stack, adding 15-20 parts of bran into the fresh cow dung according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and turning for 5-8 times by using a turning machine to obtain a cow dung material A with the water content and volume weight adjusted;
(3) preparation of EM active liquid: mixing the EM stock solution, honey and distilled water according to the corresponding parts, transferring the mixture into a fermentation bottle, putting the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature incubator, and fermenting for 7-8 days under a closed condition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 150-200r/min to prepare the EM active solution; the EM stock solution contains composite microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and the like, the number of viable bacteria is not less than 1 hundred million/ml, the pH value is not less than 3.8, the color is yellow brown, the semitransparent liquid has good soil improvement effect, and the rejuvenation solution contains growth promoting factors and has a stimulating effect on the growth of crops; the honey is used as an energy substance in the microbial rejuvenation process, so that EM rejuvenation is rapidly succeeded;
(4) preparation of EM bacteria solid powder B: taking the EM active liquid obtained in the step (3), adding 10-15 parts of bran, adding distilled water, fully mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain EM solid powder B;
(5) fermentation of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer: and (3) fully mixing the modified biochar obtained in the steps (1), (2) and (3), the cow dung material A and the EM solid powder, uniformly mixing, adding citric acid and nano iron powder in corresponding formula amounts into the mixture, mixing, stacking and fermenting, continuously mixing and turning by using a turning machine when the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and finishing rotten fermentation when the temperature is not increased to obtain a semi-finished product of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
(6) And (3) spraying 1-3 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) diluent diluted by 50-100 times on the semi-finished product obtained in the step (5), fermenting for 2-3 days for the second time, airing and crushing to obtain the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
The invention takes biochar made from wastes such as rice, wheat, corn or tobacco straw as a main raw material to obtain biochar, then modified biochar is obtained by modifying ferric chloride, composite microorganisms are immobilized, the biochar, effective microorganisms, cow dung, citric acid and nano iron powder are mixed according to a proportion to prepare a carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer, the biochar can be used as a carrier of microorganisms, nutrient elements and heavy metal adsorption components to provide a larger inhabitation environment for the biochar, can delay the release of nutrients and effective microorganisms and increase the adsorption and exchange of soil nutrients and heavy metals, thereby reducing the leaching loss of soil nutrients, reducing the pollution of soil heavy metals and pesticides, promoting the biomass, activity and diversity of soil microorganisms, improving the growth, yield and quality of crops, turning harmful into beneficial and comprehensively utilizing the biochar, and not only solving the pollution of wastes such as straw and the like, the pollution of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, The problem of cow dung treatment and continuous cropping obstacle can be solved, and a carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer can be provided to meet the increasing agricultural sustainable development requirement of China.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention is suitable for fertilizing fields, facility greenhouses, potted plants, heavy metal polluted lands and crops, and is beneficial to alleviating soil continuous cropping obstacles, heavy metal pollution and greenhouse gas emission.
(2) Can effectively adjust the pH value of facility soil, improve the soil structure and porosity, loosen the soil, promote the accumulation and conversion of organic substances, reduce the leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus of the soil and increase the content of organic substances and N, P, K nutrients of the soil.
(3) Increase the microbial activity, effectively adsorb, fix and passivate heavy metals in soil, repair the heavy metal pollution and continuous cropping obstacles in soil, and improve the yield and quality of crops.
(4) The invention has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple preparation process, low cost and no side effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a preparation process of a carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
Detailed Description
And (3) reagent sources:
the EM stock solution used by the invention is produced by Liangle environmental protection biotechnology (Nanjing) limited, the honey is a honey product purchased in a supermarket, cow dung, ferric chloride, bran, citric acid and nano iron powder are purchased from the market, and the straw biomass charcoal is produced and prepared by Guizhou Shijijin years biotechnology limited.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: preparation of carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer T1
The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of biochar, 10 parts of ferric chloride, 2.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, 25 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of bran, 5 parts of citric acid, 10 parts of nano iron powder, 95 parts of distilled water and 5 parts of honey.
The preparation method of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified biochar: mixing 10 parts of ferric chloride with 65 parts of distilled water, soaking the mixed ferric chloride solution and biochar in a ferric chloride solution for 5 hours at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:25 g/ml, washing, drying at 80 ℃, and pyrolyzing at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
(2) preparation of cow dung material A: adjusting the water content of the cow dung: selecting crushed bran, stacking fresh cow dung into a stack, adding 15 parts of bran into the fresh cow dung according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and turning for 5 times by using a turning machine to obtain a cow dung material A with the water content and volume weight adjusted;
(3) preparation of EM active liquid: mixing 1.5 parts of EM stock solution, 5 parts of honey and 20 parts of distilled water, transferring the mixture into a fermentation bottle, putting the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature incubator, and fermenting for 7 days under a closed condition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 150r/min to prepare EM active solution;
(4) preparation of EM bacteria solid powder B: taking the EM active liquid obtained in the step (3), adding 10 parts of bran and 10 parts of distilled water, fully and uniformly mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain EM bacteria solid powder B;
(5) fermentation of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer: and (3) fully mixing the modified biochar obtained in the steps (1), (2) and (3), the cow dung material A and the EM solid powder, uniformly mixing, adding citric acid and nano iron powder in corresponding formula amounts into the mixture, mixing, stacking and fermenting, continuously mixing and turning by using a turning machine when the temperature is 50 ℃, and finishing rotten fermentation when the temperature is not increased to obtain a semi-finished product of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
(6) And (4) spraying a diluent of 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms) diluted by 50 times on the semi-finished product obtained in the step (5), fermenting for 2 days for a second time, airing, and crushing to obtain the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer. Wherein the EM bacteria diluent of 50 times is obtained by diluting EM bacteria stock solution with distilled water of 50 times.
Example 2: preparation of carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer T2
The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of charcoal, 25 parts of ferric chloride, 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, 25 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of bran, 5 parts of citric acid, 10 parts of nano iron powder, 95 parts of distilled water and 5 parts of honey.
The preparation method of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified biochar: firstly, mixing 25 parts of ferric chloride with 50 parts of distilled water, then soaking the mixed ferric chloride solution and biochar in the ferric chloride solution for 12 hours at a mass-volume ratio of 1: 25-1: 30g/ml, washing, drying at 105 ℃, and carrying out pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
(2) preparation of cow dung material A: adjusting the water content of the cow dung: selecting crushed bran, stacking fresh cow dung into a stack, adding 15 parts of bran into the fresh cow dung according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and turning for 8 times by using a turning machine to obtain a cow dung material A with the water content and volume weight adjusted;
(3) preparation of EM active liquid: mixing 3 parts of EM stock solution, 5 parts of honey and 30 parts of distilled water, transferring the mixture into a fermentation bottle, putting the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature incubator, and fermenting for 8 days under a closed condition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200r/min to prepare EM active solution;
(4) preparation of EM bacteria solid powder B: taking the EM active liquid obtained in the step (3), adding 15 parts of bran and 10 parts of distilled water, fully and uniformly mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain EM bacteria solid powder B;
(5) fermentation of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer: and (3) fully mixing the modified biochar obtained in the steps (1), (2) and (3), the cow dung material A and the EM solid powder, uniformly mixing, adding citric acid and nano iron powder in corresponding formula amounts into the mixture, mixing, stacking and fermenting, continuously mixing and turning by using a turning machine when the temperature is 60 ℃, and finishing rotten fermentation when the temperature is not increased to obtain a semi-finished product of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
(6) And (4) spraying 2 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) diluent diluted by 100 times on the semi-finished product obtained in the step (5), fermenting for 3 days for a second time, airing and crushing to obtain the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer. Wherein the EM bacteria diluent of 100 times is obtained by diluting EM bacteria stock solution by 100 times with distilled water.
Example 3: preparation of carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer T3
The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of modified biochar, 25 parts of ferric chloride, 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, 40 parts of cow dung, 35 parts of bran, 10 parts of citric acid, 15 parts of nano iron powder, 95 parts of distilled water and 10 parts of honey.
The preparation method of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified biochar: firstly, mixing 25 parts of ferric chloride with 50 parts of distilled water, then soaking the mixed ferric chloride solution and biochar in the ferric chloride solution for 12 hours at a mass-volume ratio of 1: 25-1: 30g/ml, washing, drying at 105 ℃, and carrying out pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
(2) preparation of cow dung material A: adjusting the water content of the cow dung: selecting crushed bran, stacking fresh cow dung into a stack, adding 20 parts of bran into the fresh cow dung according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and turning for 8 times by using a turning machine to obtain a cow dung material A with the water content and volume weight of the mixture adjusted;
(3) preparation of EM active liquid: mixing 3 parts of EM stock solution, 10 parts of honey and 35 parts of distilled water, transferring the mixture into a fermentation bottle, putting the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature incubator, and fermenting for 8 days under a closed condition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200r/min to prepare EM active solution;
(4) preparation of EM bacteria solid powder B: taking the EM active liquid obtained in the step (3), adding 15 parts of bran and 10 parts of distilled water, fully and uniformly mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain EM bacteria solid powder B;
(5) fermentation of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer: and (3) fully mixing the modified biochar obtained in the steps (1), (2) and (3), the cow dung material A and the EM solid powder, uniformly mixing, adding citric acid and nano iron powder in corresponding formula amounts into the mixture, mixing, stacking and fermenting, continuously mixing and turning by using a turning machine when the temperature is 60 ℃, and finishing rotten fermentation when the temperature is not increased to obtain a semi-finished product of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
(6) And (4) spraying 2 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) diluent diluted by 100 times on the semi-finished product obtained in the step (5), fermenting for 3 days for a second time, airing and crushing to obtain the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer. Wherein the EM bacteria diluent of 100 times is obtained by diluting EM bacteria stock solution by 100 times with distilled water.
Example 4: preparation of carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer T4
The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of biochar, 10 parts of ferric chloride, 2.5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, 25 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of bran, 5 parts of citric acid, 10 parts of nano iron powder, 95 parts of distilled water and 10 parts of honey.
The preparation method of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified biochar: mixing 10 parts of ferric chloride and 50 parts of distilled water, soaking the mixed ferric chloride solution and biochar in a ferric chloride solution for 12 hours at a mass-volume ratio of 1: 25-1: 30g/ml, washing, drying at 105 ℃, and pyrolyzing at high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
(2) preparation of cow dung material A: adjusting the water content of the cow dung: selecting crushed bran, stacking fresh cow dung into a stack, adding 15 parts of bran into the fresh cow dung according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and turning for 8 times by using a turning machine to obtain a cow dung material A with the water content and volume weight of the mixture adjusted;
(3) preparation of EM active liquid: mixing 1.5 parts of EM stock solution, 10 parts of honey and 35 parts of distilled water, transferring the mixture into a fermentation bottle, putting the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature incubator, and fermenting for 8 days under a closed condition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200r/min to prepare EM active solution;
(4) preparation of EM bacteria solid powder B: taking the EM active liquid obtained in the step (3), adding 10 parts of bran and 10 parts of distilled water, fully and uniformly mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain EM bacteria solid powder B;
(5) fermentation of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer: and (3) fully mixing the modified biochar obtained in the steps (1), (2) and (3), the cow dung material A and the EM solid powder, uniformly mixing, adding citric acid and nano iron powder in corresponding formula amounts into the mixture, mixing, stacking and fermenting, continuously mixing and turning by using a turning machine when the temperature is 60 ℃, and finishing rotten fermentation when the temperature is not increased to obtain a semi-finished product of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
(6) And (4) spraying 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms) diluent diluted by 50 times to the semi-finished product obtained in the step (5), fermenting for 3 days for a second time, airing and crushing to obtain the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer. Wherein the EM bacteria diluent of 50 times is obtained by diluting EM bacteria stock solution with distilled water of 50 times.
Example 5: preparation of carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer T5
The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of charcoal, 25 parts of ferric chloride, 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, 25 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of bran, 10 parts of citric acid, 15 parts of nano iron powder, 95 parts of distilled water and 10 parts of honey.
The preparation method of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified biochar: firstly, mixing 25 parts of ferric chloride with 50 parts of distilled water, then soaking the mixed ferric chloride solution and biochar in the ferric chloride solution for 12 hours at a mass-volume ratio of 1: 25-1: 30g/ml, washing, drying at 105 ℃, and carrying out pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
(2) preparation of cow dung material A: adjusting the water content of the cow dung: selecting crushed bran, stacking fresh cow dung into a stack, adding 15 parts of bran into the fresh cow dung according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and turning for 8 times by using a turning machine to obtain a cow dung material A with the water content and volume weight of the mixture adjusted;
(3) preparation of EM active liquid: mixing 3 parts of EM stock solution, 10 parts of honey and 35 parts of distilled water, transferring the mixture into a fermentation bottle, putting the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature incubator, and fermenting for 8 days under a closed condition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200r/min to prepare EM active solution;
(4) preparation of EM bacteria solid powder B: taking the EM active liquid obtained in the step (3), adding 10 parts of bran and 10 parts of distilled water, fully and uniformly mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain EM bacteria solid powder B;
(5) fermentation of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer: and (3) fully mixing the modified biochar obtained in the steps (1), (2) and (3), the cow dung material A and the EM solid powder, uniformly mixing, adding citric acid and nano iron powder in corresponding formula amounts into the mixture, mixing, stacking and fermenting, continuously mixing and turning by using a turning machine when the temperature is 60 ℃, and finishing rotten fermentation when the temperature is not increased to obtain a semi-finished product of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
(6) And (4) spraying 2 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) diluent diluted by 100 times on the semi-finished product obtained in the step (5), fermenting for 3 days for a second time, airing and crushing to obtain the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer. Wherein the EM bacteria diluent of 100 times is obtained by diluting EM bacteria stock solution by 100 times with distilled water.
Example 6: preparation of carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer T6
The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of charcoal, 25 parts of ferric chloride, 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, 40 parts of cow dung, 35 parts of bran, 10 parts of citric acid, 15 parts of nano iron powder, 95 parts of distilled water and 10 parts of honey.
The preparation method of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing modified biochar: firstly, mixing 25 parts of ferric chloride with 50 parts of distilled water, then soaking the mixed ferric chloride solution and biochar in the ferric chloride solution for 12 hours at a mass-volume ratio of 1: 25-1: 30g/ml, washing, drying at 105 ℃, and carrying out pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified biochar;
(2) preparation of cow dung material A: adjusting the water content of the cow dung: selecting crushed bran, stacking fresh cow dung into a stack, adding 20 parts of bran into the fresh cow dung according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and turning for 8 times by using a turning machine to obtain a cow dung material A with the water content and volume weight of the mixture adjusted;
(3) preparation of EM active liquid: mixing 3 parts of EM stock solution, 10 parts of honey and 35 parts of distilled water, transferring the mixture into a fermentation bottle, putting the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature incubator, and fermenting for 8 days under a closed condition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200r/min to prepare EM active solution;
(4) preparation of EM bacteria solid powder B: taking the EM active liquid obtained in the step (3), adding 15 parts of bran and 10 parts of distilled water, fully and uniformly mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain EM bacteria solid powder B;
(5) fermentation of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer: and (3) fully mixing the modified biochar obtained in the steps (1), (2) and (3), the cow dung material A and the EM solid powder, uniformly mixing, adding citric acid and nano iron powder in corresponding formula amounts into the mixture, mixing, stacking and fermenting, continuously mixing and turning by using a turning machine when the temperature is 60 ℃, and finishing rotten fermentation when the temperature is not increased to obtain a semi-finished product of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
(6) And (4) spraying 2 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) diluent diluted by 100 times on the semi-finished product obtained in the step (5), fermenting for 3 days for a second time, airing and crushing to obtain the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer. Wherein the EM bacteria diluent of 100 times is obtained by diluting EM bacteria stock solution by 100 times with distilled water.
Examples of the experiments
The experiment is carried out in vegetable and flower scientific research institute of Nanjing of Yangxi town of Jiangning district of Nanjing in 2019 in 5 months. The flue-cured tobacco variety is Yun 87. The experiment set up 7 treatments: CK control (base fertilizer); t1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 are the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1 to 6, and the treatments are cell tests and are arranged in random blocks. And (4) determining the agronomic characters of the flue-cured tobacco at 50d and 70d after the flue-cured tobacco is planted, and determining indexes such as soil physicochemical properties and the like. The results are shown in tables 1 to 2.
Slave watch1 and 2, the application of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer can obviously improve the agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco, adjust the pH of continuous cropping soil, increase the contents of soil microorganisms and N, P, K nutrients, improve the total porosity, improve the soil structure and the particle composition, and effectively reduce the contents of heavy metals of Cd, Cr and Pb. The results show that the plant heights of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 are respectively increased by 13.7, 15.3, 20.1, 19.5, 22 and 28.1cm compared with the CK treatment; the stem circumference is respectively improved by 2.2, 2.6, 3.4, 3.1, 3.6 and 3.6cm compared with CK treatment; compared with CK treatment, the leaf area is respectively improved by 176.7, 152.51, 268.47, 213.85, 283.01 and 387.99cm 2; the pH of the tobacco planting soil is respectively improved by 0.26, 0.1, 0.42, 0.48, 0.36 and 0.32 compared with the CK treatment; compared with CK treatment, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is respectively improved by 3.28, 2.81, 7.88, 4.05, 6.29 and 8.92 mg/kg; compared with CK treatment, the effective phosphorus is respectively increased by 6.13, 6.65, 8.24, 7.27, 6.52 and 9.67 mg/kg; compared with CK treatment, the quick-acting potassium is respectively increased by 22.47, 38.42, 41.08, 56.65, 50.3 and 67.12 mg/kg; compared with CK treatment, the fungus content is respectively increased by 1.34, 4.0, 4.74, 3.49, 5.42 and 5.88 multiplied by 104cfu·g-1(ii) a The total porosity is respectively improved by 3.5 percent, 1.7 percent, 4.3 percent, 6.9 percent, 6 percent and 8.3 percent compared with the CK treatment; compared with CK treatment, Cd is respectively reduced by 0.003, 0.008, 0.011, 0.012, 0.01 and 0.015 mg/kg; compared with CK treatment, Cr is reduced by 14.5, 19.1, 20.8, 17.4, 22.9 and 25.3mg/kg respectively; pb is reduced by 2, 2.8, 3.5, 1.7, 3.4 and 4mg/kg compared with CK treatment.
TABLE 1 influence of different carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer treatments on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco
TABLE 2 influence of different carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer treatments on physicochemical properties and heavy metals
In summary, the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer and the preparation method and application thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages of simple preparation process and low cost, are used for fertilizing farmland, facility greenhouse, potted plants and other lands and crops, can effectively adjust the pH value of facility soil, improve the soil structure and porosity, loosen the soil, promote the accumulation and conversion of organic substances, reduce the leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil, and increase the content of organic matters and N, P, K nutrients in the soil. And the microbial activity can be increased, heavy metals in soil can be effectively adsorbed, fixed and passivated, the heavy metal pollution and continuous cropping obstacles in soil can be repaired, and the yield and the quality of crops can be improved.
Claims (6)
1. The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising, by weight, 15-25 parts of biochar, 25-40 parts of cow dung, 25-35 parts of bran, 1-5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms), 10-25 parts of ferric chloride, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 10-15 parts of nano iron powder, 90 ~ 100 parts of distilled water and 1-10 parts of honey.
2. The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified biochar is prepared by mixing ferric chloride solution and biochar in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:25 ~ 1:30 g/ml and performing pyrolysis.
3. The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the cow dung is 55-68%.
4. The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bran is one or more selected from crushed rice bran, wheat bran, sorghum bran and corn bran.
5. The carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nano iron powder is black powder with an average particle size of 30-80 nm.
6. The method for preparing the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 ~ 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the preparation method of the modified biochar comprises the steps of mixing 10-25 parts of ferric chloride with 65 ~ 75 parts of distilled water, soaking the biochar in the ferric chloride solution for 3 ~ 12 hours by using the mixed ferric chloride solution and the biochar according to the mass volume ratio of 1:25 ~ 1:30 g/ml, washing, drying at 80-105 ℃, and carrying out pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the modified biochar;
(2) preparation of cow dung material A: adjusting the water content of the cow dung: selecting crushed bran, stacking fresh cow dung into a stack, adding 15-20 parts of bran into the fresh cow dung according to parts by weight, and fully mixing and turning for 5-8 times by using a turning machine to obtain a cow dung material A with the water content and volume weight adjusted;
(3) preparation of EM active liquid: mixing the EM strain stock solution, honey and distilled water according to the corresponding parts, transferring the mixture into a fermentation bottle, putting the fermentation bottle into a constant-temperature incubator, and fermenting for 7-8 days under a closed condition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 150-;
(4) preparation of EM bacteria solid powder B: taking the EM active liquid obtained in the step (3), adding 10-15 parts of bran, adding distilled water, fully mixing, carrying out aerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain EM solid powder B;
(5) fermentation of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer: fully mixing the modified biochar obtained in the steps (1), (2) and (3), the cow dung material A and the EM solid powder, uniformly mixing, adding citric acid and nano iron powder in corresponding formula amounts into the mixture, mixing, stacking and fermenting, continuously mixing and turning by using a turning machine when the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and finishing rotten fermentation when the temperature is not increased to obtain a semi-finished product of the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer;
(6) and (3) spraying 1-3 parts of diluent of EM (effective microorganisms) diluted by 50-100 times on the semi-finished product obtained in the step (5), fermenting for 2-3 days, airing and crushing to obtain the carbon-based microbial organic fertilizer.
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