CN111315091A - Photosensitive and timing-based community illumination control system and implementation method - Google Patents
Photosensitive and timing-based community illumination control system and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a community illumination control system based on a photosensitive element and a timing element, which comprises two strong and weak current isolation circuits, a direct current supply circuit, a light sampling circuit, a counting/timing circuit, a power supply zero-crossing detection circuit, a trigger circuit and a solid-state relay circuit consisting of silicon controlled rectifiers. The strong and weak current isolation circuit is divided into front-stage isolation and rear-stage isolation. The direct current power supply circuit is designed by adopting a very common voltage reduction type linear power supply of a power frequency transformer; the light sampling circuit passes through a photoresistor R14AND gate circuit N1And a resistance-capacitance network thereof; the counting/timing circuit is based on a 14-stage serial binary counter integrated circuit CD 4060; the power supply zero-crossing detection circuit is an alternating current power supply zero-crossing detection circuit consisting of two exclusive-OR gates; the trigger circuit consists of a photoelectric coupler; the solid state relay circuit consists of a thyristor Q2.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an automatic lighting control technology for a community or factory, and more particularly to a lighting control device with light-sensitive and timing functions, which can be used for any duration of switching applications based on the brightness change of external light.
Background
The lighting system of the residential area or the factory area is generally in charge of being turned on or off at regular time by a specially-assigned person, and the operation mode has many disadvantages, for example, when the street lamp is turned on, the residential area is painted black due to the inexhaustible responsibility of the responsible person; or forget to turn off the street lamp, so that the street lamp is lighted all night. The management mode not only causes the waste of national resources, but also causes the inconvenience of the lives of residents in a community and the threat to the life safety of the residents.
Aiming at the practical situation, a district street lamp lighting control system can be designed, and the system can trigger and turn on the lighting lamp when the outside light reaches the preset darkness and keep the state to be continuously adjustable within thirty minutes to six hours. The basic idea of this design is to minimize the consumption of electrical power. The control system is mainly used for controlling a street lamp lighting system of a residential area or a factory area, but in fact, the control system has certain universality, for example, the control system is used as a 'someone in home' anti-theft system, and the anti-theft system has better effect if controlled by sound (such as a radio) on the premise of controlling lighting, and the control system is easy to realize.
In fact, the design can be used for any long-time switching application based on the brightness change of the outside light.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a system device which has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and reliable use and can automatically control the lighting equipment of a cell or a factory to work or stop working.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a community illumination control system based on a photosensitive element and a timing element, which consists of a direct current power supply circuit, a light sampling circuit, a counting/timing circuit, a power supply zero-crossing detection circuit, an optical coupling trigger circuit, an optical isolation circuit and a solid-state relay circuit consisting of a bidirectional thyristor; the direct current power supply circuit comprises a +5V voltage stabilizing circuit consisting of a transformer T, a rectifier diode D1, a resistor R1, a voltage stabilizing diode D3 and a filter capacitor C1, wherein the +5V direct current output provided by the direct current power supply circuit is used as power supply for low-voltage control system circuits such as an IC1, an IC2, various transistors and the light sampling circuit; the output of the light sampling circuit is used as a trigger signal for the operation of the counting/timing circuit; the transistor Q1 forms the optical coupling trigger circuit, the output of the counting/timing circuit is connected with the emitter of the transistor Q1, the output of the power supply zero-crossing detection circuit is connected with the base of the transistor Q1, and the collector output of the transistor Q1 is connected with the non-ground input end of the optical isolation circuit, namely an optical coupling IC 3; the output of the photoelectric coupler IC3 is connected with the grid G of the bidirectional thyristor Q2, so that the output of the optical isolation circuit controls the conduction of the solid-state relay circuit, and the lighting lamp is lightened.
The light sampling circuit is completed by a photosensitive resistor R14 and a gate circuit N1 and a peripheral resistance-capacitance network thereof, the +5V power supply is connected with the working ground through the photosensitive resistor R14, a resistor R10 and a potentiometer P2 in sequence, the +5V power supply is connected with the 2 pin of a gate circuit N1, the connection point of the photosensitive resistor R14 and the resistor R10 is connected with the 1 pin of the gate circuit N1 through resistors R8 and R9 in sequence, the connection point of the resistors R8 and R9 is connected with the working ground through a capacitor C4, and the resistor R11 is connected between the 1 pin and the 3 pin of the gate circuit N1.
The power supply zero-crossing detection circuit is characterized in that the positive end of a diode D is connected with the 8 pin of a gate circuit N3 through a resistor R2, the 9 pin of N3 is connected with a working ground, the 10 pin of N3 is connected with the 12 pin of N4, the 10 pin of N3 is sequentially connected with a resistor R5 and a capacitor C2 to the ground, the connection point of the resistor R5 and the capacitor C2 is connected with the 13 pin of N4, and the components form a simple and effective alternating current power supply zero-crossing detector.
The solid-state relay circuit is a solid-state relay consisting of a bidirectional thyristor Q2, no current passes through the primary side of a photoelectric coupler IC3, the secondary side of an optical coupler is connected with a bidirectional thyristor Q2 grid G, no trigger signal is output from the secondary side of the optical coupler, the grid G of the bidirectional thyristor Q2 is not opened, the bidirectional thyristor Q2 is in a closed state, and the lighting lamp is turned off; the primary side of the optical coupler IC3 has current, the secondary side of the optical coupler has trigger signal output, the grid G of the bidirectional thyristor has opening current, the bidirectional thyristor is conducted, and the lighting lamp is lightened.
Drawings
Figures 1, 2 and 3 are used to provide a pair of the present inventionFor a further understanding of the invention which forms a part of this application, FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of a cell lighting control system of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the internal circuitry of the counter circuit CD 4060; FIG. 3 is a drawing composed of N3And N4And the logic diagrams of the zero-crossing detection test points of the alternating current power supply zero-crossing detector are formed together.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of a cell lighting control system designed by the invention, which comprises two strong and weak current isolation circuits, a direct current supply circuit, a light sampling circuit, a counting/timing circuit, a power supply zero-crossing detection circuit, a trigger circuit and a solid-state relay circuit consisting of silicon controlled rectifiers. The present invention will be described in detail below.
Strong and weak current isolation: the strong and weak current isolation circuit is divided into a front stage isolation and a rear stage isolation, the front stage isolation is realized by a step-down transformer T, the rear stage isolation is realized by a photoelectric coupler IC3, strong and weak current isolation can prevent electromagnetic induction mutual interference, human safety can be fully guaranteed, and the circuit is extremely beneficial to later-stage maintenance.
D, direct current power supply: the DC power supply adopts a common design, namely a transformer T and a rectifier diode D1By a resistor R1And a zener diode D3Form a voltage stabilizing circuit and a filter capacitor C1The above parts together form a 5V DC output as IC1、IC2Power supply of each transistor, the light sampling circuit and the like.
An oscillation timing circuit: the design core circuit is a 14-stage serial binary counter integrated circuit CD4060 (IC)1) The basic, internal circuitry of CD4060 is shown in fig. 2.
It can be seen that CD4060 has 10 count outputs. A clock oscillation circuit is arranged in the counter, the oscillator is externally connected with an RC element or a quartz crystal to form controllable multi-harmonic oscillation, and the oscillator is internally connected to the clock input end of the counter.
The clock pulse oscillator plays an important role in the whole circuit, and the oscillation frequency of the oscillator is controlled by a capacitor C3Resistance R6Potentiometer P1Determining where P is1As the main frequency is adjusted, the 10 frequency division signal output ends of 4060 can output pulse control signals with different frequencies by adjusting the size of the main frequency, and various frequency combinations are reasonably utilized, so that a plurality of interesting electronic switch applications can be obtained.
The main oscillation frequency can be calculated by:
f=
(Hz)
in the formula, the unit f is Hertz, the resistance is ohm, and the capacitance is Farad.
The reset terminal (pin 12) R of 4060 is connected to the sensor circuit, and the sensor output is inverted due to environmental changes. For example, once the pin goes high, the counter will be cleared or reset, and then all the outputs of the 4060 counter will be cleared, including the Q that will be used by the design14(pin 3) the output will go low, at which time oscillator usage will be disabled; once the pin is changed into low level, the counter will start to count, after the timing starts a period, each frequency division output end has 10 kinds of different frequency pulse signals output, such as frequency division from 4 to 10, frequency division from 12 to 14, etc., and the switch pulse control signals of different periods can be obtained by using different frequency division output ends. Using division by 14 (3 pins: Q) in this document14) The signal is used as a switch pulse control signal of the design, and the potentiometer P1The switching pulse control signals with the frequency division of 14 and the time difference of 30 minutes to six hours are obtained by adjusting the main frequency, and the core of the design is the switching pulse control signals. The frequency of the signal divided by 14 is
fQ14=
Where f is the main frequency, so the output signal f of the 3 rd pinQ14The corresponding frequency of other frequency division is minimum, and the corresponding period is longest.
Light brightness sampling circuit when a logic '0' appears on CD4060 (IC)1) When the reset input end R (12 pin) of the circuit is started, the clock pulse circuitThe counter starts counting, which is done by the photoresistor R14AND gate circuit N1And a resistance-capacitance network thereof.
CD4077(IC2) Is a four 2-input exclusive-or gate, N used in the design1、N2、N3、N4The gate circuits all belong to ICs2The logic of the exclusive nor gate is: the 2 numbers are subjected to exclusive nor operation, the same is 1, the different is 0, just opposite to the exclusive or gate, and the description is omitted below.
When the brightness of the external light is enough, the resistance value of the photosensitive resistor is very small, and the capacitor C4Through a resistance R8Charging gate circuit N 11 pin goes high, N1Both input terminals are high, and output high, CD4060 (IC)1) The 12-pin high level, the counter is reset, all the output ends are low level '0', and the oscillator is not used.
When the external brightness is reduced, the resistance value of the photoresistor is increased sharply, and the capacitor C4Through a resistance R8、R10、P2Discharge gate circuit N 11 pin is inverted to low level, N1The two input ends have different levels, and output low level 0 (the change point of the low level can be changed from P)2Adjusted accordingly). If the external light is increased (such as illumination by taking a flashlight at night and maintenance of a control circuit) for any reason, the counter is reset after 10-20 seconds, and the clock oscillator stops working.
This is due to the gate N1Feedback hysteresis resistor R is added at the input end and the output end11Consequently, the introduction of this resistance delays the gate N1The system does not immediately turn off the illumination power supply due to occasional light brightness changes. That is to say, the flashlight can only continuously irradiate the control system for more than 20 seconds, the system can cut off the illumination power supply, otherwise, the system can not act immediately, and the defect that the system acts frequently due to the occasional change of light is avoided. This is one of the tricks to examine and repair whether the control system is working properly.
As described above, when a logic "0" appears on the IC1When the input terminal (R) is reset, the clock pulse circuit starts to work, and the counter starts to count.
Under normal conditions (when the external light is dark), the frequency is divided by 14 (3 pins: Q)14) The output signal period is correspondingly long, so Q14Continuous long-term output low level, gate circuit N2The two inputs are at the same level, the output is logic '1', 4060 counts and clocks continuously. Transistor Q at this time1By gate circuit N4The output control of (2).
Alternating current power zero passage detection circuit: n is a radical of3And N4Together, constitute a simple and effective ac power supply zero-crossing detector, the logic function of which can be described as such.
Gate circuit N3The 9 pins of the transformer are grounded and constantly have low level, the 8 pins are connected with the secondary side of the transformer T but are not rectified, and when the input power frequency signal is in a positive half shaft and a negative half shaft, namely non-zero input, the gate circuit N is connected with the positive half shaft and the negative half shaft3The two input levels are different, and a logic '0' level is output; gate circuit N 412 pins low level, 13 pins pass through a capacitor C2Ground, C2No charging, so pin 13 is also low, N4The two input levels are the same, the logic '1' level is output, and the transistor Q1Base high, as known above for transistor Q1The emitter is high, so that Q is at this time1Cutoff, photoelectric coupler IC3The primary side of the optical coupler has no current passing, the secondary side of the optical coupler has no trigger signal output, and the bidirectional thyristor Q2The gate G is not powered on and is in a closed state, and the lighting lamp is turned off.
Gate circuit N3At the moment when the power frequency power supply signal input by 8 pins passes zero from a positive half shaft to a negative half shaft (or vice versa), N3The two input levels are the same, and a high level is output; due to the capacitance C2The voltage at two ends can not change suddenly, and the capacitor C2The lower end is grounded, so zero-crossing moment N4Pin 13 is still low. Since the zero-crossing time is extremely short, N3The high level of the output is not easy to maintain, from R5And C2Forming an integrating circuit as N3A load of time constant R5* C2，R5Can delay C2Charging time of (2) to ensure N3Outputting a high level, which is effective but narrow, at this moment N4Two input levels are different, a logic '0' level is output, and a transistor Q1On, optical coupler IC3The primary side has current, the secondary side of the optical coupler has trigger signal output, the gate pole G of the bidirectional controllable silicon has opening current, the bidirectional controllable silicon is conducted, and the lighting lamp is lightened.
The logic diagram of each test point of the alternating current power supply zero-crossing detection circuit is shown in the attached figure 2.
To summarize, from N3And N4Zero-crossing detector of AC power supply, resulting in N4The output of (a) provides a narrow pulse at each zero crossing of the cycle, N since the sine signal crosses zero at each of the rising and falling edges of the cycle4The output narrow pulse frequency is twice (100 Hz) of the power frequency signal frequency (50 Hz), the period is 10mS, and the waveform is shown in figure 2. This narrow pulse is at N2When the output is logic '1', the transistor Q1And the bidirectional thyristor is triggered to be conducted. That is, the triac is only conducting at the zero point of the ac power source-this is the most ideal switch. The illumination LAMP is turned on at this time.
The operating principle of thyristors is known to be that if it is desired to turn on the thyristor, a forward voltage is applied between its anode a and cathode K, and a forward trigger voltage is input between its control electrode G and cathode K. After the thyristor is conducted, the trigger voltage is removed, and the conduction state is still maintained. Corresponding to the design, although the silicon controlled rectifier has no trigger signal in the non-zero-crossing time, the silicon controlled rectifier still keeps the conducting state, and at the moment when the power frequency alternating current signal voltage is zero and the silicon controlled rectifier is possibly turned off, a narrow pulse trigger signal just provides the door opening current, so that the silicon controlled rectifier is ensured to be conducted in the whole working period of the timer, and the lighting lamp is kept to be lighted.
And (4) finishing timing: when IC1At the end of the first count period, it divides by 14Q14The output terminal will jump to logic "1", and this high level passes through the diode D2Deactivating the clock oscillator and Q14The output terminal maintains a high level. At this time, the gate circuit N2Pin 5 is logic "1", and pin 6 is logic "0", N2Is returned to a low level to thereby make the transistor Q1And when the bidirectional thyristor is cut off, the bidirectional thyristor is turned off, and the illumination of the community is extinguished.
It is important to emphasize here that the diode D in the circuit of fig. 12(IN 4148) is indispensable IN the present design, if the diode is not present, the counter IC1Will continue to oscillate with the result that the first counting period of the counter ends, resulting in the illumination of the cell being extinguished, as long as the IC is on1The reset input terminal R (12 pin) is still at '0' level (i.e. no light), IC1The second counting period will continue and the cell illumination will light up again, which is not desirable. End of the first counting cycle Q14High level of output passes through diode D2The clock oscillator can be stopped and Q can be enabled14The output end continuously maintains high level, namely the illumination of the cell keeps an off state.
When the next day is enough bright illumination, the photoresistor R14The resistance becomes very small again, the gate circuit N1Output high, counter 4060 is reset, and the output is all clear (including Q)14) The control system waits quietly for the coming of the next night so as to start a new counting timing again, and the process is repeated in cycles without stopping.
A practical classical scheme:
1) scheme 1:
because the number of the lighting lamps in the community is large, the total power is large, the designed circuit can be suitable for the community with the total current of the lighting circuit being less than 100A by selecting a proper power device such as a bidirectional thyristor and a proper trigger device such as a photoelectric coupler. For example, the type of the bidirectional thyristor is selected as follows: "BTA 100-800B": the parameters are as shown in table one
TABLE 1 scheme of controlled silicon parameters
| Rated forward average current | 100（A） | Control electrode trigger current | 20-25（mA） |
| Maximum stable operating current | 100（A） | Peak voltage of inversion repetition | 800（V） |
Photoelectric coupler type: 'moc 3063', which is a controllable silicon type optical coupler, the load capacity is 100mA, and the bidirectional controllable silicon can be completely triggered.
The control system configured above is relatively economical and has high cost performance, if the system is used under full load, a radiator which is large enough must be added to the controllable silicon, and the safest use environment is that the maximum total current is less than 80A.
Note that: the control system herein is designed using the above set of parameters.
Scheme 2:
if the lighting circuit current is controlled to be larger than the use in the cell with the current more than 100A, the thyristor can select the thyristor module with the working current of about 200A, such as: "MFC 200a 1600V", rated voltage: 1600V; rated current: 200A.
The trigger circuit is a special trigger for silicon controlled rectifier module, such as YJGK-1 single-phase silicon controlled rectifier phase shift trigger, and the parameters are as shown in Table II
TABLE 2 scheme 2 silicon controlled trigger parameters
The configuration can be completely matched with a low-voltage control circuit designed in the text to realize a timing, photosensitive and zero-crossing control cell lighting system. The manufacturing cost is not too expensive.
The design can also be made without N3And N4The zero-crossing detector is used for controlling the conduction of the controllable silicon, and the photoelectric coupler with the zero-crossing detector is directly used for directly triggering the double-triggerThe thyristor is a mature zero-crossing control technology, but if the thyristor is not triggered by an optical coupler with zero-crossing detection, such as a device adopted in scheme 2, zero-crossing triggering cannot be directly realized. However, zero-crossing triggering can be realized by using the zero-crossing detection technology designed in the text, so the zero-crossing detector designed in the text is also a more efficient and widely used zero-crossing triggering technology, and the effect is good.
In a word, the control system better solves the problem of automatic opening and closing of street lamp illumination in a residential area or a factory area, not only liberates manpower, but also effectively ensures the safety of resident life, saves electric power resources, is more effective, higher in cost performance, more stable and easier to maintain than some related systems controlled by computers, and is worthy of popularization.
Claims (4)
1. A community illumination control system based on light sensitivity and timing and an implementation method are characterized in that: the lighting control system consists of a direct current power supply circuit, a light sampling circuit, a counting/timing circuit, a power supply zero-crossing detection circuit, an optical coupling trigger circuit, an optical isolation circuit and a solid-state relay circuit; the direct current power supply circuit comprises a +5V voltage stabilizing circuit consisting of a transformer T, a rectifier diode D1, a resistor R1, a voltage stabilizing diode D3 and a filter capacitor C1, wherein the +5V direct current output provided by the direct current power supply circuit is used as power supply for low-voltage control system circuits such as an IC1, an IC2, various transistors and the light sampling circuit; the output of the light sampling circuit is used as a trigger signal for the operation of the counting/timing circuit; the transistor Q1 forms the optical coupling trigger circuit, the output of the counting/timing circuit is connected with the emitter of the transistor Q1, the output of the power supply zero-crossing detection circuit is connected with the base of the transistor Q1, and the collector output of the transistor Q1 is connected with the non-ground input end of the optical isolation circuit, namely an optical coupling IC 3; the output of the photoelectric coupler IC3 is connected with the grid G of the bidirectional thyristor Q2, so that the output of the optical isolation circuit controls the conduction of the solid-state relay circuit, and the lighting lamp is lightened.
2. The system and method of claim 1, wherein: the light sampling circuit is completed by a photosensitive resistor R14 and a gate circuit N1 and a peripheral resistance-capacitance network thereof, the +5V power supply is connected with the working ground through the photosensitive resistor R14, a resistor R10 and a potentiometer P2 in sequence, the +5V power supply is connected with the 2 pin of a gate circuit N1, the connection point of the photosensitive resistor R14 and the resistor R10 is connected with the 1 pin of the gate circuit N1 through resistors R8 and R9 in sequence, the connection point of the resistors R8 and R9 is connected with the working ground through a capacitor C4, and the resistor R11 is connected between the 1 pin and the 3 pin of the gate circuit N1.
3. The system and method for controlling lighting in residential area based on light sensing and timing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power zero crossing detection circuit is composed of a positive terminal of diode D connected to 8 pins of gate N3 through resistor R2, pin 9 of N3 connected to the ground, pin 10 of N3 connected to pin 12 of N4, pin 10 of N3 connected to resistor R5 and capacitor C2 connected to ground, and a connection point of resistor R5 and capacitor C2 connected to pin 13 of N4, which are all connected to form a simple and effective ac power zero crossing detector.
4. The system and method for controlling lighting in residential areas based on light sensitivity and timing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid state relay circuit comprises a triac Q2, no current passes through the primary of the photocoupler IC3, the secondary of the photocoupler is connected to the triac Q2 grid G, no trigger signal is output from the secondary of the photocoupler, no current is supplied to the grid G of the triac Q2, the lighting fixture is turned off; the primary side of the optical coupler IC3 has current, the secondary side of the optical coupler has trigger signal output, the grid G of the bidirectional thyristor has opening current, the bidirectional thyristor is conducted, and the lighting lamp is lightened.
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| CN115499966B (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-10-20 | 江苏宜美照明科技股份有限公司 | Inductor for constant current power supply tail end power taking |
| CN116564096A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-08-08 | 四川交通职业技术学院 | Tunnel traffic control system and method |
| CN116564096B (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-09-15 | 四川交通职业技术学院 | Tunnel traffic control system and method |
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| CN111315091B (en) | 2023-08-01 |
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