CN111302865A - Special fertilizer for rape and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for rape and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111302865A CN111302865A CN202010240324.8A CN202010240324A CN111302865A CN 111302865 A CN111302865 A CN 111302865A CN 202010240324 A CN202010240324 A CN 202010240324A CN 111302865 A CN111302865 A CN 111302865A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special rape fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of organic fertilizers. The rape special fertilizer comprises decomposed pig manure and auxiliary materials dispersed in the decomposed pig manure, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 7-12 parts of wormcast, 2-5 parts of fermented vinegar residue, 2.5-6 parts of tobacco stems, 0.05-0.1 part of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1-3 parts of bentonite, 3-8 parts of kiln dust potassium fertilizer and 6-10 parts of ammoniated straw powder. The special fertilizer for rape is prepared by screening and proportioning components, so that the physiological activity of rape can be improved, the rejuvenation and growth of rape seedlings are promoted, the utilization rate of nutrients in the fertilizer can be improved, the lasting period of the fertilizer is prolonged, the nutrients required by the whole growth period of rape can be met by applying the fertilizer once in the seedling period of rape, the time and the labor are saved, the effect of preventing plant diseases and insect pests is realized, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests of rape is reduced, and the yield and the quality of rape are promoted to be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special rape fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rape is used as the oil crop with the highest oil production efficiency, the produced rape oil reaches more than 50 percent of the specific gravity of the vegetable oil in China, and the rape oil occupies a very important position in the edible oil supply chain in China. Meanwhile, the rape is not only an important oil crop, but also a crop which is rich in protein and can be used for energy, feed and honey sources. Moreover, the rape also has the special function of land cultivation, and has extremely high economic and comprehensive utilization benefits.
With the annual increase of the rape planting area, the rape is the most important oil crop in China at present. However, in the rape planting process, due to blind fertilization and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, not only is fertilizer waste caused, but also the production of rape in China is restricted, and finally the rape yield is low and the economic benefit is low. Meanwhile, a large amount of fertilizer application can discharge water rich in fertilizer into rivers and lakes, so that the eutrophication phenomenon of the rivers and lakes can be caused, the production and domestic water can be seriously polluted, and the severe environmental pollution problem can be caused.
The rape is very sensitive to nutrient deficiency in the seedling stage, but the nutrient absorption amount is limited, so that the phenomenon of insufficient fertilizer supply in the later growth stage of the rape is easily caused, and the yield and the quality of the rapeseeds are influenced. The fertilizing scheme combining base fertilizer and additional fertilizer is to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and achieve effective measures for increasing both production and income. With the deep research on the nutrition and scientific fertilization of the rapes, the special rape formula fertilizer is applied in production and has good effect, but at present, most of the formulas are directed at base fertilizer, and the special rape formula additional fertilizer is lacked, and the rape additional fertilizer is only used for simply applying nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and the like, thereby influencing the popularization and application of the scientific fertilization of the rapes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides the special fertilizer for rape, which can improve the physiological activity of rape, promote the robust growth of rape seedlings and has high nutrient utilization rate, by selecting materials and scientifically proportioning according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of rape growth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special rape fertilizer which comprises decomposed pig manure and auxiliary materials dispersed in the decomposed pig manure, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by mass:
7-12 parts of wormcast, 2-5 parts of fermented vinegar residue, 2.5-6 parts of tobacco stems, 0.05-0.1 part of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1-3 parts of bentonite, 3-8 parts of kiln dust potassium fertilizer and 6-10 parts of ammoniated straw powder.
Preferably, the auxiliary materials include:
8.5-9.5 parts of wormcast, 2.4-4 parts of fermented vinegar residue, 3-4.5 parts of tobacco stems, 0.06-0.1 part of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1.2-2 parts of bentonite, 3.6-4.5 parts of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 7.2-8 parts of ammoniated straw powder.
More preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise:
9.2 parts of wormcast, 3.5 parts of fermented vinegar residue, 4 parts of tobacco stems, 0.08 part of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1.7 parts of bentonite, 4.1 parts of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 7.5 parts of ammoniated straw powder.
Preferably, the urea is added into the ammoniated straw powder in an amount of 2.5-4%.
Preferably, the decomposed pig manure also comprises 10-15% of decomposed horse manure by mass ratio.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special rape fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing decomposed pig manure and horse manure
Adding activated carbon into pig manure and horse manure and uniformly mixing;
putting the uniformly mixed pig manure and horse manure into a closed big pool, and composting and decomposing under the cover of wheat straw for 12 days;
adding 5-12% of water into the mixture of the pig manure and the horse manure after retting and decomposing, uniformly stirring, and performing secondary retting and decomposing under the closed covering of a film for 28 days;
drying the mixture of the twice retted and decomposed pig manure and horse manure at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 20-30-mesh sieve for later use;
s2 preparation auxiliary materials
Drying the wormcast, the vinegar residue and the tobacco stems at 60 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
cutting the straws into 2-5mm long, and stacking and ammoniating the straw powder, the water and the urea in a large pool according to the mass ratio of 100:15-20:2.5-4 for 60 days;
drying the stacked ammoniated straw powder at 35 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
s3, mixing and dispersing
Uniformly mixing the crushed pig manure and horse manure mixture, wormcast, vinegar residue, tobacco stems and straw powder in a large pool, adding bentonite, and carrying out composting and decomposition under the covering of wheat straw for 10 days to obtain a mixture;
and adding the magnetic chitosan microspheres and the kiln dust potash fertilizer into the retted and decomposed mixture, and uniformly stirring by using a stirrer to prepare the special rape fertilizer.
The invention also provides a rape topdressing method, which comprises the following steps:
the special fertilizer for rape is applied to the seedling stage of rape.
Preferably, the application amount of the rape special fertilizer is 40-50 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the special fertilizer for rape has comprehensive nutrients and reasonable proportion, has the effects of slowly releasing the nutrients, promoting growth, rejuvenating seedlings and reducing insect pests, accords with the absorption rule of the nutrients required by the growth of rape, can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and can also obviously improve the yield of rapeseeds, thereby increasing the economic benefit; meanwhile, the rape special fertilizer can meet the nutrient requirement of the whole growth period of the rape by once topdressing, and is labor-saving; the decomposed pig manure is rich in humus, has the largest cation replacement amount and strong fertility preservation, can effectively improve the soil structure, loosen the hardened soil, provide the optimal conditions of moisture, oxygen and temperature for the growth of the root system of the rape and promote the growth and development of the overground part of the plant; meanwhile, the pig manure is thin in texture, the balance of auxiliary material dispersion can be improved by taking the pig manure as a bottom material, the nutrient proportion is more scientific, and the nutrient utilization rate of rape is improved; the auxiliary materials can activate the activity of the rape root system enzyme, promote the growth and the rejuvenation of the rape, reduce insect pests and promote the slow-release fertilizer control effect, improve the nutrient content and the comprehensiveness, and have the function of regulating the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ratio, so that the prepared fertilizer completely meets the growth requirement of the rape;
2) the rape special fertilizer disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method and low in cost, can promote the form of raw material nutrients to be free, is more suitable for the absorption and utilization of the rape to the nutrients, and simultaneously reduces the residue of harmful ingredients in the manure, improves the proportion of effective nutrients, enhances the fertilizer effect and prolongs the lasting period.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Materials involved in the examples are not indicated, and are all conventional products that can be obtained by commercial purchase; the straw is the straw of crops such as beans, rice or wheat, and the like, and the invention is not limited.
The fertilizer special for rape of the embodiment of the invention is specifically explained below.
The invention provides a special rape fertilizer which comprises decomposed pig manure and auxiliary materials dispersed in the decomposed pig manure, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise:
7-12 parts of wormcast, 2-5 parts of fermented vinegar residue, 2.5-6 parts of tobacco stems, 0.05-0.1 part of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1-3 parts of bentonite, 3-8 parts of kiln dust potassium fertilizer and 6-10 parts of ammoniated straw powder.
The preferable dosage of the wormcast is 8.5-9.5 parts, and more preferably 9.2 parts. The wormcast has the following effects: the nutrient content and the nutrient variety of the fertilizer are improved, and the water retention, effect retention and moisture retention functions of the fertilizer are enhanced;
the preferable using amount of the fermented vinegar residue is 2.4-4 parts, and more preferably 3.5 parts. The fermented vinegar residue is an acid-base agent and has the following functions: adjusting and balancing the pH value of the soil environment to ensure that the rape grows in a proper weak acid environment;
the tobacco stems are preferably used in an amount of 3 to 4.5 parts, more preferably 4 parts. The tobacco stems are pesticides and have the following functions: the occurrence of insect pests in soil is inhibited, and the invasion of the insect pests to the rape is reduced;
the preferable using amount of the magnetic chitosan microsphere is 0.06-0.1 part, and more preferably 0.08 part. The magnetic chitosan microsphere is used as an activator and has the following functions: activating the activity of rape seedling root system enzyme, improving the physiological activity of rape and promoting the growth of rape; and the tobacco stalk is matched, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of the rape can be reduced;
the bentonite is preferably used in an amount of 1.2 to 2 parts, more preferably 1.7 parts. The bentonite has the following functions: the morphological transformation of nutrient elements in the fertilizer is absorbed and slowed down, the lasting period of the fertilizer is prolonged, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved;
the preferable using amount of the kiln dust potash fertilizer is 3.6-4.5 parts, and more preferably 4.1 parts.
The preferable using amount of the ammoniated straw powder is 7.2 to 8 parts, and more preferably 7.5 parts.
The kiln dust potash fertilizer and the ammoniated straw powder enhance the proportion of nitrogen and potassium, provide the nitrogen and potassium needed by the growth of the rape and enhance the water retention performance of the fertilizer.
The components are combined and proportioned to prepare the special rape fertilizer, so that the physiological activity of rape can be improved, the rejuvenation and growth of rape seedlings are promoted, the utilization rate of nutrients in the fertilizer can be improved, the lasting period of the fertilizer is prolonged, the nutrients required by the whole growth period of rape can be met by applying the fertilizer once in the seedling period of rape, the time and the labor are saved, the effect of preventing plant diseases and insect pests is realized, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests of rape is reduced, and the yield and the quality of rape are improved.
Preferably, the urea is added into the ammoniated straw powder in an amount of 2.5-4%.
Preferably, the decomposed pig manure also comprises 10-15% of decomposed horse manure by mass ratio.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special rape fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing decomposed pig manure and horse manure
Adding activated carbon into pig manure and horse manure and uniformly mixing;
putting the uniformly mixed pig manure and horse manure into a closed big pool, and composting and decomposing under the cover of wheat straw for 12 days;
adding 5-12% of water into the mixture of the pig manure and the horse manure after retting and decomposing, uniformly stirring, and performing secondary retting and decomposing under the closed covering of a film for 28 days;
drying the mixture of the twice retted and decomposed pig manure and horse manure at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 20-30-mesh sieve for later use;
s2 preparation auxiliary materials
Drying the wormcast, the vinegar residue and the tobacco stems at 60 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
cutting the straws into 2-5mm long, and stacking and ammoniating the straw powder, the water and the urea in a large pool according to the mass ratio of 100:15-20:2.5-4 for 60 days;
drying the stacked ammoniated straw powder at 35 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
s3, mixing and dispersing
Uniformly mixing the crushed pig manure and horse manure mixture, wormcast, vinegar residue, tobacco stems and straw powder in a large pool, adding bentonite, and carrying out composting and decomposition under the covering of wheat straw for 10 days to obtain a mixture;
and adding the magnetic chitosan microspheres and the kiln dust potash fertilizer into the retted and decomposed mixture, and uniformly stirring by using a stirrer to prepare the special rape fertilizer.
The invention also provides a rape topdressing method, which comprises the following steps: the special fertilizer for rape is applied to the seedling stage of rape.
Preferably, the application amount of the rape special fertilizer is 40-50 kg/mu.
The following is a more detailed description of the present invention with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The special fertilizer for rape provided by the embodiment comprises the following components:
100kg of decomposed pig manure, 9.2kg of wormcast, 3.5kg of fermented vinegar residue, 4kg of tobacco stalks, 0.08kg of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1.7kg of bentonite, 4.1kg of kiln dust potassium fertilizer and 7.5kg of ammoniated straw powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing decomposed pig manure
Removing foreign matters and weed impurities from the pig manure;
adding activated carbon into the pretreated pig manure and uniformly mixing;
putting the uniformly mixed pig manure into a large sealed pool, and composting and decomposing under the cover of wheat straw for 12 days;
adding tap water accounting for 8.5 percent of the weight of the pig manure into the piled and retted and decomposed pig manure, uniformly stirring, and carrying out secondary composting and decomposition under the closed covering of a film for 28 days;
drying the twice retted and decomposed pig manure at 120 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 20-mesh sieve for later use;
s2 preparation auxiliary materials
Drying the wormcast, the vinegar residue and the tobacco stems at 60 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
cutting straws into 2mm long, and stacking and ammoniating straw powder, water and urea in a large pool according to the mass ratio of 100:15:2.5 for 60 days;
drying the stacked ammoniated straw powder at 35 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
s3, mixing and dispersing
Uniformly mixing the crushed pig manure, wormcast, vinegar residue, tobacco stalks and straw powder in a big pool, then adding bentonite, and composting and decomposing under the covering of wheat straw for 10 days to obtain a mixture;
and adding the magnetic chitosan microspheres and the kiln dust potash fertilizer into the retted and decomposed mixture, and uniformly stirring by using a stirrer to prepare the special rape fertilizer.
Example 2
The special fertilizer for rape provided by the embodiment comprises the following components:
100kg of pig manure, 8.5kg of wormcast, 2.4kg of fermented vinegar residue, 3kg of tobacco stems, 0.06kg of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1.2kg of bentonite, 3.6kg of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 7.2kg of ammoniated straw powder;
the preparation method is the same as that of the example 1, tap water accounting for 5.2 percent of the weight of the pig manure is added into the composting and rotting pig manure; when the straw powder is aminated, the straw powder, water and urea are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:18: 3.
Example 3
The special fertilizer for rape provided by the embodiment comprises the following components:
100kg of pig manure, 7kg of wormcast, 2kg of fermented vinegar residue, 2.5kg of tobacco stems, 0.05kg of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1kg of bentonite, 3kg of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 6kg of ammoniated straw powder;
the preparation method is the same as that of example 1, and tap water accounting for 5.2 percent of the weight of the pig manure is added into the composting and rotting pig manure.
Example 4
The special fertilizer for rape provided by the embodiment comprises the following components:
100kg of pig manure, 9.5kg of wormcast, 4kg of fermented vinegar residue, 4.5kg of tobacco stems, 0.1kg of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 2kg of bentonite, 4.5kg of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 8kg of ammoniated straw powder;
the preparation method is the same as that of the example 1, tap water accounting for 10.5 percent of the weight of the pig manure is added into the composting and rotting pig manure; when the straw powder is aminated, the straw powder, water and urea are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:18: 4; and (3) retting the decomposed pig manure for the second time, drying the pig manure at 150 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing the pig manure, and sieving the product with a 30-mesh sieve.
Example 5
The special fertilizer for rape provided by the embodiment comprises the following components:
100kg of pig manure, 12kg of wormcast, 5kg of fermented vinegar residue, 6kg of tobacco stems, 0.1kg of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 3kg of bentonite, 8kg of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 10kg of ammoniated straw powder;
the preparation method is the same as that of example 1, and tap water accounting for 12 percent of the weight of the pig manure is added into the stack retting decomposed pig manure.
Example 6
The special fertilizer for rape provided by the embodiment comprises the following components:
85kg of decomposed pig manure, 15kg of decomposed horse manure, 9.2kg of wormcast, 3.5kg of fermented vinegar residue, 4kg of tobacco stems, 0.08kg of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1.7kg of bentonite, 4.1kg of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 7.5kg of ammoniated straw powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing decomposed pig manure and horse manure
Adding activated carbon into pig manure and horse manure and uniformly mixing;
putting the uniformly mixed pig manure and horse manure into a closed big pool, and composting and decomposing under the cover of wheat straw for 12 days;
adding 8.5% of tap water into the mixture of the pig manure and the horse manure after retting and decomposing, uniformly stirring, and performing secondary retting and decomposing under the closed covering of a film for 28 days;
drying the mixture of the pig manure and the horse manure subjected to secondary retting and decomposition at 120 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 20-mesh sieve for later use;
s2 preparation auxiliary materials
Drying the wormcast, the vinegar residue and the tobacco stems at 60 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
cutting the straws into 2-5mm long, and stacking and ammoniating the straw powder, water and urea in a large pool according to the mass ratio of 100:20:4 for 60 days;
drying the stacked ammoniated straw powder at 35 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
s3, mixing and dispersing
Uniformly mixing the crushed pig manure and horse manure mixture, wormcast, vinegar residue, tobacco stems and straw powder in a large pool, adding bentonite, and carrying out composting and decomposition under the covering of wheat straw for 10 days to obtain a mixture;
and adding the magnetic chitosan microspheres and the kiln dust potash fertilizer into the retted and decomposed mixture, and uniformly stirring by using a stirrer to prepare the special rape fertilizer.
Example 7
The special fertilizer for rape provided by the embodiment comprises the following components:
90kg of decomposed pig manure, 10kg of decomposed horse manure, 9.2kg of wormcast, 3.5kg of fermented vinegar residue, 4kg of tobacco stems, 0.08kg of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1.7kg of bentonite, 4.1kg of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 7.5kg of ammoniated straw powder;
the preparation method is the same as that of example 6, tap water accounting for 10.2 percent of the weight of the pig manure is added into the stack retting decomposed pig manure.
Comparative example 8
The fertilizer formulations of the comparative examples were: 200kg of fermented potato residues, 200kg of fermented purple potato residues, 250kg of decomposed sheep manure, 150kg of decomposed donkey manure, 15kg of urea and 8.5kg of diammonium phosphate; 8kg of potassium chloride.
Experimental example 9
The rape special fertilizer is applied to directly sown winter rape, the rape variety is tall oil 1358, the experiment is carried out in 27 military farms in Hebei Shijiazhuang, the pH value of the soil is 8.42, the organic matter content is 17.18mg/kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.91mg/kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.83mg/kg, the total potassium content is 18.7mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 24.21mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 88.96mg/kg, and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 70.25 mg/kg.
Before direct seeding and planting of rape, applying decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer in the soil of an experimental land, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2000 kg/mu;
dividing the experimental land equally according to the area, wherein each subarea is 1 mu, and the total area is 4 subareas;
when 2-3 true leaves grow out and seedlings emerge from the rapes, the special rape fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is applied to the subarea soil of one of the experimental lands, the application amount of the special rape fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, the application depth is 8cm, and the application is marked as the experimental land
；
When 2-3 true leaves grow out and seedlings emerge from the rapes, the special rape fertilizer prepared in the example 6 is applied to the subarea soil of the two experimental lands, the application amount of the special rape fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, the application depth is 8cm, and the application is marked as the experimental land
；
When the seedlings of the rapes emerge and 2-3 true leaves grow, the fertilizer of the comparative example is applied to the subarea soil of three of the experimental lands, the application amount of the fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, the application depth is 8cm, and the application is marked as comparison;
no fertilizer was applied to the zonal soil of four of the experimental plots, marked blank (CK);
after the treatments of the above experiments, the growth indexes of the rape seedlings were investigated when the rape seedlings grow to 10 true leaves, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 growth indices of oilseed rape seedlings
As can be seen from Table 1, the top dressing had the effect of promoting the growth of seedlings of Brassica napus. In each treatment, experiments were carried out
Best effect of treatment, experiment
Effect and experiment of treatment
Is relatively close to but obviously higher than the effect of contrast treatment, and the effect of contrast treatment is obviously better than CK. Therefore, the special fertilizer for rape of the invention has the function of promoting the rejuvenation and growth of rape seedlings.
At the time of rape maturity harvest, 20 treated rapes were randomly picked and the economic traits of the rapes were investigated, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 economic traits of oilseed rape
As can be seen from Table 2, the economic traits of the rapes treated by the experiment II are the best, the treatment of the experiment I is relatively close, and compared with the comparative treatment effect, the economic traits of the CK treatment are the worst. The economic characters of the rape can be improved by additional fertilization in the seedling stage, and the special rape fertilizer has the best treatment effect.
After rape was harvested at maturity, the yield of rape was investigated and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 rape yield
As can be seen from Table 3, the yield of the rape treated in experiment II is the highest, the yield of the rape treated in experiment I and experiment II is not greatly different, and the yield of the rape treated with CK is the lowest. The additional fertilizer can improve the yield of the rape in the seedling stage, and the special fertilizer for the rape has the obvious effect of promoting the yield increase of the rape.
In the rape growth period, the incidence of rape was also investigated, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 rape incidence
As can be seen from Table 4, the fertilizer special for rape of the invention can effectively prevent the occurrence of rape yellow leaf disease and brown burnt leaves, namely has the function of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
By combining the experiments, the special rape fertilizer disclosed by the invention can improve the physiological activity of rape, promote the rejuvenation and growth of rape seedlings, improve the utilization rate of nutrients in the fertilizer, prolong the lasting period of the fertilizer, meet the requirements of the rape in the whole growth period by applying the fertilizer once in the rape seedling period, save time and labor, prevent the pest and disease damage, reduce the incidence rate of the pest and disease damage of the rape and promote the yield and quality of the rape.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The special fertilizer for rape is characterized by comprising decomposed pig manure and auxiliary materials dispersed in the decomposed pig manure, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in parts by mass:
7-12 parts of wormcast, 2-5 parts of fermented vinegar residue, 2.5-6 parts of tobacco stems, 0.05-0.1 part of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1-3 parts of bentonite, 3-8 parts of kiln dust potassium fertilizer and 6-10 parts of ammoniated straw powder.
2. The fertilizer special for rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise:
8.5-9.5 parts of wormcast, 2.4-4 parts of fermented vinegar residue, 3-4.5 parts of tobacco stems, 0.06-0.1 part of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1.2-2 parts of bentonite, 3.6-4.5 parts of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 7.2-8 parts of ammoniated straw powder.
3. The fertilizer special for rape as claimed in claim 2, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise:
9.2 parts of wormcast, 3.5 parts of fermented vinegar residue, 4 parts of tobacco stems, 0.08 part of magnetic chitosan microspheres, 1.7 parts of bentonite, 4.1 parts of kiln dust potash fertilizer and 7.5 parts of ammoniated straw powder.
4. The fertilizer special for rape as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the urea is added into the ammoniated straw powder in an amount of 2.5 to 4 percent.
5. The fertilizer special for rape as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the decomposed pig manure further comprises 10 to 15 mass percent of decomposed horse manure.
6. The preparation method of the special rape fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing decomposed pig manure and horse manure
Adding activated carbon into pig manure and horse manure and uniformly mixing;
putting the uniformly mixed pig manure and horse manure into a closed big pool, and composting and decomposing under the cover of wheat straw for 12 days;
adding 5-12% of water into the mixture of the pig manure and the horse manure after retting and decomposing, uniformly stirring, and performing secondary retting and decomposing under the closed covering of a film for 28 days;
drying the mixture of the twice retted and decomposed pig manure and horse manure at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 20-30-mesh sieve for later use;
s2 preparation auxiliary materials
Drying the wormcast, the vinegar residue and the tobacco stems at 60 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
cutting the straws into 2-5mm long, and stacking and ammoniating the straw powder, the water and the urea in a large pool according to the mass ratio of 100:15-20:2.5-4 for 60 days;
drying the stacked ammoniated straw powder at 35 ℃ to constant humidity, crushing, and sieving the product with a 60-mesh sieve;
s3, mixing and dispersing
Uniformly mixing the crushed pig manure and horse manure mixture, wormcast, vinegar residue, tobacco stems and straw powder in a large pool, adding bentonite, and carrying out composting and decomposition under the covering of wheat straw for 10 days to obtain a mixture;
and adding the magnetic chitosan microspheres and the kiln dust potash fertilizer into the retted and decomposed mixture, and uniformly stirring by using a stirrer to prepare the special rape fertilizer.
7. A rape topdressing method, which is characterized in that the rape special fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is applied to the seedling stage of rape.
8. The method for topdressing rape as claimed in claim 7, wherein the application amount of the rape specific fertilizer is 40-50 kg/mu.
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Application publication date: 20200619 |