CN111296330B

CN111296330B - Device and method for breeding parent fish of bream with snout and obtaining fertilized eggs

Info

Publication number: CN111296330B
Application number: CN202010143749.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 平洪领; 史会来; 张涛; 卢斌; 余方平
Original assignee: Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Current assignee: Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-03-04
Filing date: 2020-03-04
Publication date: 2021-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-04
Also published as: CN111296330A

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for culturing parent fish of snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs, aiming at solving the defects of low parent survival rate and low fertilized egg hatchability in the process of culturing parent fish of snout bream. The artificial fish reef breeding device comprises a breeding pool and an egg collecting box, wherein a submersible pump, a plurality of aeration stones and a plurality of shelter pipes for simulating artificial fish reefs are arranged at the bottom of the breeding pool, a water outlet of the submersible pump is arranged in the breeding pool, an overflow pipe is arranged in the breeding pool, a mesh bag is arranged in the egg collecting box, the lower end of the overflow pipe is connected with the mesh bag, and an overflow port is arranged at the upper part of the overflow pipe; an incandescent lamp is arranged above the cultivation pool, and a temperature detector and a heating rod are arranged in the cultivation pool. The parent fish of the transverse banded seabream has high survival rate of the parent and high hatchability of fertilized eggs.

Description

Device and method for breeding parent fish of bream with snout and obtaining fertilized eggs

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an artificial culture technique of snout bream, and more particularly, to a device and a method for culturing parent fish of snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs.

Background

The horizontal banded snout bream (Hapaloyyenys mcronatus) belongs to the family Microsophorales (Perciforms), family Micropteridae (Pamadasyideae), genus Sparus (Hapalogenys), commonly known as Pacific fish, sixteen, etc. Is a typical reef-building fish which is a fish of middle and lower layers near the sea and inhabits the sea area of rocky reefs, and is eaten by small fish, crustaceans, shellfish and the like. China is distributed along the coast, and the marine fish has the advantages of high growth speed, small visceral mass, high meat yield, strong and fresh meat quality, delicious taste, higher nutritional value, gorgeous body color and the like, is popular among fishing lovers and consumers, and is marine fish with higher edible value and ornamental value. However, the total amount of wild resources is deficient, no obvious fish-bearing period exists, the catch amount is low, and the wild plants are native natural varieties and are not in demand in the market. The Lutjanus fasciatus is very suitable for breeding and releasing in ponds, industrial culture, net cage culture systems and marine ranches. Therefore, the development of artificial breeding of the bream with snout is very important and has wide market prospect. The progress of the artificial breeding technology is the key for the continuous development of the aquaculture industry, and the artificial breeding technology of the snout bream is to inject a new living organism for the marine fish aquaculture industry in China. When the artificial breeding and breeding technology of fishes is researched, the obtaining of sufficient and high-quality fish parents is the basis and precondition for the development of work. At present, the technology for breeding parent fish of the transverse snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs is not mature, more than 3-age sexual mature parent fish from sea fishing is collected directly in a breeding season, artificial spawning is directly performed after temporary breeding, and the parent fish from sea fishing is often damaged by a fishhook, is prone to ulceration, is difficult to adapt to the breeding environment and the like. The traditional parent fish breeding method is low in survival rate of parent fish, and even a small amount of fertilized eggs are obtained, the fertility rate is extremely low, and large-scale artificial breeding cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects of low parent survival rate and low fertilized egg hatchability of the parent fish of the rhabdosarus transversus, and provides a device and a method for breeding the parent fish of the rhabdosarus transversus and obtaining fertilized eggs.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a device for cultivating parent sea breams and obtaining fertilized eggs comprises a cultivating pool and an egg collecting box, wherein a submersible pump, a plurality of aeration stones and a plurality of shielding pipes for simulating artificial fish reefs are arranged at the bottom of the cultivating pool, a water outlet of the submersible pump is arranged in the cultivating pool, an overflow pipe is arranged in the cultivating pool, a mesh bag is arranged in the egg collecting box, the lower end of the overflow pipe is connected with the mesh bag, and an overflow port is arranged at the upper part of the overflow pipe; an incandescent lamp is arranged above the cultivation pool, and a temperature detector and a heating rod are arranged in the cultivation pool.

The oxygen increasing air stone in the cultivating pool provides sufficient oxygen for the cultivating pool, and the shielding pipe simulates the effect of an artificial fish reef, so that a shielding place is provided for parent fishes. The submersible pump works to form circulation in the culture pond, and the parent fish can swim in the top water along the countercurrent direction, so that the gonad development of the parent fish can be stimulated, the motion amount of the parent fish can be increased, the parent fish is more robust, and a foundation is laid for the coming of a breeding season. In addition, the circulation flow along the pool wall can also gather the dirt to the center of the pool bottom, so that the cultivation pool is convenient to clean. The arrangement of the temperature detector and the heating rod is convenient for controlling the water temperature in the culture pond. The incandescent lamp can stimulate the gonad development of parent fish. The zygote is the buoyancy ovum, for avoiding collecting the zygote night, disturbs the parent fish that is mating and laying eggs, so adopts the overflow method at night to collect the zygote, 18 in evening every day: 00 connect overflow pipe and the pocket of collection ovum incasement, cultivate the pond and aerify, cultivate pond water inlet trickle, along with rivers constantly get into and cultivate the pond, the surface of water rises, and the rivers that carry the embryonated egg will flow out from overflow mouth department, flow into the pocket of collection ovum case and collect. The breeding pond with the structure is adopted to breed the parent fish of the porgy with snout and obtain the fertilized eggs, thereby being beneficial to improving the survival rate of the parent and improving the hatchability of the fertilized eggs.

Preferably, the water outlet of the submersible pump is horizontally arranged and forms an included angle of 30 degrees with the tangent line of the wall of the cultivation pool. The structure arrangement is convenient for forming circulation in the culture pond and stimulating the gonad development of the parent fish.

Preferably, the edge of the overflow port is in smooth transition. The smooth transition ensures that the fertilized eggs do not have damage when flowing through the overflow port.

Preferably, the net bag is filled with air stones, and the upper part of the egg collecting box is provided with an overflow hole. The air stone in the net bag is slightly inflated, so that the fertilized eggs are prevented from aggregating to cause oxygen deficiency.

Preferably, a cleaning mechanism is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the cultivating pond, the cleaning mechanism comprises a plurality of cleaning rods and a material receiving groove, a bulge is arranged on the bottom surface outside the cultivating pond, a plurality of cleaning slot holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the cultivating pond and correspond to the cleaning rods one by one, the cleaning slot holes are communicated to the lower surfaces of the bulge, the cleaning rods are rotatably arranged in the cleaning slot holes, the outer wall of each cleaning rod and the inner wall of the cleaning slot hole are hermetically arranged, the section of each cleaning rod is in a C-shaped structure to form an accommodating cavity, the opening width of the accommodating cavity is smaller than the thickness of the bulge position at the bottom of the cultivating pond, an installing head and a connecting head are respectively arranged at the two ends of each cleaning rod, the installing head and the connecting head respectively extend out of the two ends of the bulge, a driven bevel gear is arranged on the connecting head, a rotating shaft is arranged on the bottom surface outside the cultivating pond, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a handle, a plurality of driving bevel gears are arranged on the rotating shaft and correspond to one by one, the driven bevel gears are meshed with the driving bevel gears one by one, install the fixed plate on the arch, installation head rotates to be connected on the fixed plate, connects the silo to place and is used for receiving the filth of following the holding intracavity whereabouts in the mechanism of decontaminating below.

At the stages of domestication of parent fishes, cultivation of parent fishes and gonad development regulation and control of reproduction, the cultivation pond is regularly cleaned, water flow discharged from a water outlet of the submersible pump forms circulation along the pond wall, so that dirt in the cultivation pond is gathered to the center of the bottom of the pond, the handle is rotated to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the dirt removing rod to rotate, the dirt falling into the accommodating groove falls into the material receiving groove after being overturned downwards along with the dirt removing rod, and therefore the dirt removing operation of the bottom of the cultivation pond is achieved. The cleaning process inside the cultivation pond is not easy to disturb parent fishes, and the dirt is convenient to clean.

A method for culturing parent fish of snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs by using a device for culturing parent fish of snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs, comprising the steps of:

firstly, domesticating parent fishes, collecting captured immature wild Lucisus fasciatus of less than 2 ages, soaking and disinfecting the collected immature wild Lucisus fasciatus in a fresh water solution of 40 ppm formalin for 10 min, then transferring the collected immature wild Lucisus fasciatus into a culture pond, and carrying out daily intensive observation on the ingestion and movement conditions of the parent fishes, wherein if the parent fishes infected with diseases due to injury are found, the infected parent fishes need to be fished out in time for isolated culture treatment, and after the culture of the parent fishes is stable, the parent fishes are subjected to medicated bath once every 15 days by using the fresh water solution of 30 ppm formalin, and are fed once every morning and evening;

secondly, parent fish cultivation, namely domesticated parent fish grows to 3-year-old glands and begins to develop into a mature period, 3-year-old parent fish with the weight of more than 200 g is selected from a cultivation pond, the domesticated parent fish is placed into another parent fish cultivation pond after medicinal bath treatment, the stocking proportion of female and male parent fish is 2:1, the water temperature is kept above 18 ℃, the dissolved oxygen amount is above 5 mg/L, the daily water change amount is 300%, the water quality ammonia nitrogen index is regularly monitored, the water quality is maintained stable, the parent fish is fed once in the morning and evening every day, pond pouring and medicinal bath disinfection treatment is carried out on the parent fish every 15 days, the parent fish is soaked in 30 ppm formalin in batches and is subjected to medicinal bath for 10 min, and then the parent fish is quickly transferred into a new cultivation pond;

step three, genital regulation and gonad development, a, water temperature regulation and control: in the winter overwintering stage, when the natural seawater temperature is lower than 18 ℃, the sand filtration water for cultivation is heated to 18-22 ℃ for daily water change, and meanwhile, the temperature in the cultivation pond is kept constant at 18 ℃; when the breeding season is reached, the body shape change of the parent fish is regularly observed, and when the abdomen of the individual female fish begins to rise, the water temperature is increased by 1 ℃ month by month until the egg laying temperature of the parent fish reaches 22 ℃, and the temperature is maintained at 22 ℃; b. illumination regulation and control: when the natural water temperature is reduced to 18 ℃, starting an incandescent bulb above the cultivation pool, ensuring that the illumination intensity of each part of the water surface of the cultivation pool is 500 Lux, isolating external light and preserving heat by using a black curtain around the cultivation pool, wherein the initial illumination time is 12 h, increasing the illumination time for 20 min every 3 d later until the illumination time reaches 16 h, and keeping the illumination time unchanged; c. water flow regulation and control: setting the water flow at the water outlet of the submersible pump to be 800L/h from the first 4 months of the breeding period, adjusting the water flow to be 1200L/h when the abdomen of individual female fish rises, and stimulating the female fish for 12 h every day; d. and (3) bait nutrition strengthening: when the natural water temperature is reduced to 18 ℃, the bait nutrition of parent fishes is strengthened, the parent fishes are fed with mussel meat and fresh macrobrachium giganteum once a day, 2-4% of vitamin C, 1-2% of vitamin E and 5-6% of immune polysaccharide are added simultaneously, the daily feeding amount accounts for 1-2% of the weight of the fishes, wherein the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, the evening feeding amount accounts for 60%, when the abdomen of individual female fishes rises, the parent fishes are fed with mussel meat, oyster meat and clamworms once a day, 2-4% of vitamin C, 1-2% of vitamin E, 2% of lecithin and 5-6% of immune polysaccharide are added simultaneously, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 3% of the weight of the fishes;

and fourthly, obtaining fertilized eggs, wherein the natural seawater temperature reaches 24 ℃, and through early reproductive regulation, the female and male gonads of the rhamsus fasciatus can naturally develop to sexual maturity when reaching the breeding season, the female and male fishes chase after each other, the body color of the female fishes blackens, and the body color of the male fishes becomes white, so that the characteristic is more obvious, at the moment, a flashlight is needed to irradiate a water body every morning to check whether natural spawning starts, and because the spawning time is concentrated in the time of 20:00 to 22:00 at night, the fertilized eggs are floating eggs, so that the fertilized eggs are collected at night to avoid collecting the fertilized eggs at night and frighten the parent fishes mating and laying eggs, the fertilized eggs are collected by adopting a night overflow method, wherein 18: 00, connecting an overflow pipe with a mesh bag in an egg collecting box, inflating a cultivating pool, allowing micro-flow water at a water inlet of the cultivating pool to continuously enter the cultivating pool along with water flow, enabling the water surface to rise, and allowing the water flow carrying fertilized eggs to flow out from the overflow port and flow into the mesh bag of the egg collecting box for collection; stopping aerating the culture pond for 10 min the next day, collecting fertilized eggs floating on the water surface by using a bolting silk net, pouring the fertilized eggs collected by the egg collection box and the bolting silk net into a plastic bucket filled with 1ppm povidone iodine seawater, slightly aerating for 10 min, collecting the normally-developing fertilized eggs floating on the surface by using the bolting silk net, discarding damaged eggs on the bottom layer, fully flushing fresh seawater, and uniformly distributing the normal fertilized eggs into a circular incubation bucket.

Preferably, the bait fed in the second step is mussel meat and fresh lobster gigantean, 2-4% of vitamin C, 1-2% of vitamin E and 6-8% of immune polysaccharide are added, the daily feeding amount accounts for 1-2% of the weight of the fish, wherein the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the night feeding amount accounts for 60%.

Preferably, the fertilized eggs are incubated in an incubation barrel with the water temperature of 21-25 ℃, the salinity of 25-30 per mill, the pH value of 7.5-8.0 and micro-aeration.

Preferably, a cleaning mechanism is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the cultivating pond, the cleaning mechanism comprises a plurality of cleaning rods and a material receiving groove, a bulge is arranged on the bottom surface outside the cultivating pond, a plurality of cleaning slot holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the cultivating pond and correspond to the cleaning rods one by one, the cleaning slot holes are communicated to the lower surfaces of the bulge, the cleaning rods are rotatably arranged in the cleaning slot holes, the outer wall of each cleaning rod and the inner wall of the cleaning slot hole are hermetically arranged, the section of each cleaning rod is in a C-shaped structure to form an accommodating cavity, the opening width of the accommodating cavity is smaller than the thickness of the bulge position at the bottom of the cultivating pond, an installing head and a connecting head are respectively arranged at the two ends of each cleaning rod, the installing head and the connecting head respectively extend out of the two ends of the bulge, a driven bevel gear is arranged on the connecting head, a rotating shaft is arranged on the bottom surface outside the cultivating pond, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a handle, a plurality of driving bevel gears are arranged on the rotating shaft and correspond to one by one, the driven bevel gears are meshed with the driving bevel gears one by one, a fixed plate is arranged on the bulge, the mounting head is rotatably connected to the fixed plate, and the material receiving groove is arranged below the dirt removing mechanism and used for receiving dirt falling from the containing cavity; at the stages of domestication of parent fishes, cultivation of parent fishes and gonad development regulation and control of reproduction, the cultivation pond is regularly cleaned, water flow discharged from a water outlet of the submersible pump forms circulation along the pond wall, so that dirt in the cultivation pond is gathered to the center of the bottom of the pond, the handle is rotated to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the dirt removing rod to rotate, the dirt falling into the accommodating groove falls into the material receiving groove after being overturned downwards along with the dirt removing rod, and therefore the dirt removing operation of the bottom of the cultivation pond is achieved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) in the process of breeding parent fish of the rhabdosargus sargassum, the survival rate of the parent fish is high, and the hatchability of fertilized eggs is high: (2) through the technical means of regular medicated bath disinfection treatment, advance water temperature rise and the like, the occurrence of fish ulceration is effectively reduced, and the survival rate of the parent fish in the domestication and cultivation stages is remarkably improved; providing proper environmental factor conditions and nutrition strengthening measures required by the gonad development of the parent fish, so that the gonad of the cultured parent fish naturally develops and matures; inducing the sexual gland of the parent fish of the bream with snout bream to mature and naturally lay eggs and fertilize by a series of comprehensive measures, thereby not only avoiding the operation damage of induced spawning, egg squeezing, sperm squeezing and the like of the parent fish in the process of artificial insemination, but also naturally laying eggs and discharging sperm of the parent fish, and the process of fertilization is naturally selected; according to the characteristic that the oosperms of the transverse snout bream are floating eggs, collecting the oosperms by an overflow method, and providing facilities and a method for optimally collecting the oosperms, high-quality oosperms with high hatching rate can be obtained, and the hatching rate of the oosperms reaches 92%; the spawning time can be manually controlled by manually controlling the temperature and the illumination period, so that the aim of planned production is fulfilled; lays a foundation for the development of fingerling and artificial culture of the Lucispus fasciatus which is a precious marine fish.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a culture tank of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the bottom of the culture tank of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the dirt removing mechanism of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. the device comprises a culture pond, 2, an egg collecting box, 3, a submersible pump, 4, a refuge pipe, 5, an overflow pipe, 6, a mesh bag, 7, an overflow port, 8, an incandescent lamp, 9, a dirt cleaning rod, 10, a material receiving groove, 11, a protrusion, 12, a dirt cleaning groove hole, 13, a containing cavity, 14, an installing head, 15, a connector, 16, a driven bevel gear, 17, a rotating shaft, 18, a handle, 19, a driving bevel gear, 20 and a fixing plate.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in combination with the attached drawings:

example (b): a device for cultivating parent sea breams and obtaining fertilized eggs (see attached figures 1 to 3) comprises a cultivating pool 1 and an egg collecting box 2, wherein a submersible pump 3, a plurality of aeration stones and a plurality of shielding pipes 4 for simulating artificial fish reefs are arranged at the bottom of the cultivating pool, a water outlet of the submersible pump is arranged in the cultivating pool, an overflow pipe 5 is arranged in the cultivating pool, a mesh bag 6 is arranged in the egg collecting box, the lower end of the overflow pipe is connected with the mesh bag, and an overflow port 7 is arranged at the upper part of the overflow pipe; an incandescent lamp 8 is arranged above the cultivating pool, and a temperature detector and a heating rod are arranged in the cultivating pool. The water outlet of the submersible pump is horizontally arranged and forms an included angle of 30 degrees with the tangent line of the wall of the cultivation pool. The edge of the overflow port is in smooth transition, and the opening size at the position of the overflow port is gradually increased from bottom to top. The net bag is filled with air stone, and the upper part of the egg collecting box is provided with an overflow hole. The diameter of the cultivation pool is 3.5m, the water depth is 1.2m, 6 oxygen increasing stones are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cultivation pool, and two ends of the shielding pipe are communicated and tightly mounted at the bottom of the cultivation pool. The distance between the overflow port and the bottom of the tank is 1.2m, and the overflow port is commonly used as a water outlet of micro-flowing water. The water outlet of the submersible pump is positioned at the position of water depth of 40 cm. 4 200w incandescent lamps were placed 1.2m above the incubation pool.

The bottom middle position of the cultivating pool is provided with a dirt cleaning mechanism, the dirt cleaning mechanism comprises a plurality of dirt cleaning rods 9 and a material receiving groove 10, the dirt cleaning rods are arranged in parallel, the outer bottom surface of the cultivating pool is provided with a bulge 11, the bottom surface of the cultivating pool and the dirt cleaning rods are provided with a plurality of dirt cleaning slotted holes 12 in one-to-one correspondence, the dirt cleaning slotted holes penetrate through the lower surfaces of the bulges, the dirt cleaning rods are rotatably arranged in the dirt cleaning slotted holes, the outer walls of the dirt cleaning rods and the inner walls of the dirt cleaning slotted holes are arranged in a sealing manner, the cross section of each dirt cleaning rod is in a C-shaped structure to form a containing cavity 13, the opening width of the containing cavity is smaller than the thickness of the bulge position at the bottom of the cultivating pool, two ends of each dirt cleaning rod are respectively provided with an installing head 14 and a connecting head 15, the installing heads and the connecting heads respectively extend out of the two ends of the bulges, the connecting heads are provided with driven bevel gears 16, the outer bottom surface of the cultivating pool is provided with a rotating shaft 17, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a handle 18, the rotating shafts and the driven bevel gears 19 are arranged on the rotating shafts in one-to one another corresponding to one, driven bevel gear and the one-to-one meshing transmission of drive bevel gear, installation fixed plate 20 on the arch, installation head rotate to be connected on the fixed plate, connect the silo to place and be used for receiving the filth of following the holding intracavity whereabouts in the mechanism of decontaminating below.

firstly, domesticating parent fishes, namely, collecting and capturing immature 300 tails of wild rhamsa porgy 300 under 2 ages by a boat of a townet in the offshore of Zhoushan for 9-12 months in 2017, quickly transporting the collected immature wild rhamsa porgy 300 tails to a culture pond, soaking and disinfecting the collected wild rhamsa porgy 300 tails for 10 min by using a formalin fresh water solution of 40 ppm, transferring the collected wild rhamsa porgy 300 tails to the culture pond, and intensively observing feeding and moving conditions of the parent fishes in daily life, wherein if the parent fishes infected with diseases due to damage are found, the infected parent fishes need to be fished out in time for isolated culture treatment; according to the domestication management experience in the past year, in 11 months to 12 months in the Zhoushan area, the fester disease occurs when the water temperature is slightly reduced when the strong cold air comes, and the death rate is up to 60%. When the temperature of the natural seawater is lower than 18 ℃, the heating rod is used for preserving the heat, the water temperature is kept above 18 ℃, and the method can reduce the death rate of the fester disease caused by cooling to 10%; after the parent fish is stably cultured, carrying out medicated bath once every 15 days by using 30 ppm formalin fresh water solution, and feeding once in the morning and at the evening every day; feeding the iced fresh macrobrachium nipponensis by parent fishes daily, adding 2-4% of vitamin C, 1-2% of vitamin E and 6-8% of immune polysaccharide, feeding once in the morning and at night every day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 1-2% of the weight of the fishes, the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, the evening feeding amount accounts for 60%, and carrying out culture recording work every day;

secondly, parent fish cultivation, namely, after 9 months in 2018, domesticated parent fish grow to 3-year-old glands and begin to develop into a mature period, selecting 3-year-old parent fish with the weight of more than 200 g from a cultivation pond, carrying out medicated bath treatment, putting the 3-year-old parent fish into another parent fish cultivation pond, carrying out 150 fish stocking in each pond, wherein the stocking ratio of female and male parent fish is 2:1, the water temperature is kept above 18 ℃, the dissolved oxygen amount is more than 5 mg/L, the daily water change amount is 300%, regularly monitoring the ammonia nitrogen index of water quality, maintaining stable water quality, feeding once in the morning and evening every day, carrying out pond-reversing and medicated bath disinfection treatment on the parent fish every 15 days, soaking the parent fish in 30 ppm formalin dilute aqueous solution in batches for 10 min, and then quickly transferring the parent fish into a new cultivation pond; the bait for feeding is mussel meat and fresh macrobrachium giganteum, 2-4% of vitamin C, 1-2% of vitamin E and 6-8% of immune polysaccharide are added, the daily feeding amount accounts for 1-2% of the weight of the fish, wherein the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the evening feeding amount accounts for 60%; stopping pond reversing and medicinal bath disinfection treatment in the breeding period to avoid influencing natural spawning;

thirdly, reproduction regulation and control of gonad development, wherein the sexual gland development of the sea bream in 2018 is promoted to naturally develop to sexual maturity by means of measures of gradually increasing water temperature, prolonging illumination time, increasing water flow speed, enhancing bait nutrition and the like in the breeding period of 12 months; a. regulating and controlling water temperature: in the winter overwintering stage, when the natural seawater temperature is lower than 18 ℃, the sand filtration water for cultivation is heated to 18-22 ℃ for daily water change, and meanwhile, the temperature in the cultivation pond is kept constant at 18 ℃; when the breeding season is reached, the change of the body shape of the parent fish is regularly observed, the gonad of the parent fish begins to develop in 2019, the abdomen of each female fish begins to bulge, the external morphological characteristics of the female and male parent fish change, the body color of the female fish becomes black, the external black-white alternate stripes become unobvious, the body color of the male fish becomes white, the external black-white alternate stripes can be distinguished, the water temperature is increased by 1 ℃ month by month until the oviposition temperature of the parent fish reaches 22 ℃, and the temperature is maintained at 22 ℃; b. illumination regulation and control: when the natural water temperature is reduced to 18 ℃, an incandescent bulb above the cultivation pool is started, the incandescent bulb can adjust proper illumination intensity, the illumination intensity of each position of the water surface of the cultivation pool is ensured to be 500 Lux, the periphery of the cultivation pool is isolated from external light by a black curtain and is kept warm, the initial illumination time is 12 hours, the illumination time is increased by 20 minutes every 3 days later until the illumination time reaches 16 hours and is kept unchanged, and the illumination time of each day is accurately controlled by a timer; c. water flow regulation and control: the water flow at the water outlet of the submersible pump is set to be 800L/h from the first 4 months of the breeding period, when the abdomen of individual female fish rises, the water flow is adjusted to be 1200L/h, the water flow is stimulated for 12 h every day, water flows with different flow rates are formed around the breeding pond, and the parent fish can swim in the top water along the countercurrent direction, so that the gonad development of the parent fish can be stimulated, the motion amount of the parent fish can be increased, the parent fish is more robust, and a foundation is laid for the coming of the breeding period. In addition, the circulation flow along the pool wall can also gather the dirt to the center of the pool bottom, which is convenient for cleaning the culture pool; d. and (3) bait nutrition strengthening: when the natural water temperature is reduced to 18 ℃, the bait nutrition of parent fishes is strengthened, the parent fishes are fed with mussel meat and fresh macrobrachium giganteum once a day, 2-4% of vitamin C, 1-2% of vitamin E and 5-6% of immune polysaccharide are added simultaneously, the daily feeding amount accounts for 1-2% of the weight of the fishes, wherein the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, the evening feeding amount accounts for 60%, when the abdomen of individual female fishes rises, the parent fishes are fed with mussel meat, oyster meat and clamworms once a day, 2-4% of vitamin C, 1-2% of vitamin E, 2% of lecithin and 5-6% of immune polysaccharide are added simultaneously, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 3% of the weight of the fishes;

and step four, obtaining fertilized eggs, wherein the natural seawater temperature reaches 24 ℃ in 5 and 30 months in 2019, the female and male gonads can naturally develop to sexual maturity through early reproductive regulation, the phenomenon of chasing occurs in the female and male fishes, the body color of the female fishes is black, and the white body color of the male fishes is more obvious, at the moment, a water body needs to be irradiated by a flashlight in the morning every day to check whether natural spawning starts, because the spawning time is concentrated in the time of 20:00 to 22:00 at night, the fertilized eggs are floating eggs, so that the eggs are collected at night and the parent fishes mating and spawning are frightened, and a night overflow method is adopted to collect the eggs, wherein the temperature of the natural seawater is 18% in the evening each day: 00, connecting an overflow pipe with a mesh bag in an egg collection box, inflating a culture pond, allowing micro-flow water at a water inlet of the culture pond to continuously enter the culture pond along with water flow, allowing the water flow with fertilized eggs to flow out from the overflow port when the water surface rises, and allowing the water flow to flow into a 200-mesh silk mesh bag of the egg collection box for collection; stopping aerating the culture pond for 10 min the next day, collecting fertilized eggs floating on the water surface by using a 200-mesh silk net, pouring the fertilized eggs collected by the egg collection box and the silk net into a plastic bucket filled with 1ppm povidone-iodine seawater, slightly aerating for 10 min, collecting normally-developing fertilized eggs floating on the surface by using the 200-mesh silk net, discarding bad eggs on the bottom layer, fully flushing fresh seawater, and uniformly distributing the normal fertilized eggs into a circular incubation bucket. The fertilized eggs are incubated in an incubation barrel with the water temperature of 21-25 ℃, the salinity of 25-30 per mill, the pH value of 7.5-8.0 and micro-aeration. And in 2019, the natural spawning time of the primarily mature bream with snout bream lasts 27 days from 30 months to 25 months from 6 months, the highest fertilized egg collecting amount can reach 50 mL, the fertilized egg density is 800-850 granules/mL, 540 mL of high-quality fertilized eggs are collected together, about 43 ten thousand of fertilized eggs are collected, and the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs reaches 92%.

At the stages of domestication of parent fishes, cultivation of parent fishes and gonad development regulation and control of reproduction, the cultivation pond is regularly cleaned, water flow discharged from a water outlet of the submersible pump forms circulation along the pond wall, so that dirt in the cultivation pond is gathered to the center of the bottom of the pond, the handle is rotated to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the dirt removing rod to rotate, the dirt falling into the accommodating groove falls into the material receiving groove after being overturned downwards along with the dirt removing rod, and therefore the dirt removing operation of the bottom of the cultivation pond is achieved.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting in any way, and other variations and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for cultivating parent sea breams and obtaining fertilized eggs is characterized by comprising a cultivating pool and an egg collecting box, wherein a submersible pump, a plurality of aeration stones and a plurality of shielding pipes for simulating artificial fish reefs are arranged at the bottom of the cultivating pool; an incandescent lamp is arranged above the cultivation pool, and a temperature detector and a heating rod are arranged in the cultivation pool; the bottom middle position of the cultivating pool is provided with a dirt cleaning mechanism, the dirt cleaning mechanism comprises a plurality of dirt cleaning rods and a material receiving groove, the bottom outside the cultivating pool is provided with a bulge, the bottom of the cultivating pool and the dirt cleaning rods are provided with a plurality of dirt cleaning slotted holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the dirt cleaning slotted holes are communicated to the lower surfaces of the bulges, the dirt cleaning rods are rotatably arranged in the dirt cleaning slotted holes, the outer walls of the dirt cleaning rods and the inner walls of the dirt cleaning slotted holes are hermetically arranged, the cross section of each dirt cleaning rod is in a C-shaped structure to form a containing cavity, the opening width of the containing cavity is smaller than the thickness of the bulge position at the bottom of the cultivating pool, two ends of each dirt cleaning rod are respectively provided with an installing head and a connecting head, the installing heads and the connecting heads respectively extend out of the two ends of the bulge, a rotating shaft is arranged on the bottom outside the cultivating pool, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a handle, the rotating shaft and the driven bevel gears are provided with a plurality of driving bevel gears in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the driven bevel gears are meshed with the driving bevel gears, install the fixed plate on the arch, installation head rotates to be connected on the fixed plate, connects the silo to place and is used for receiving the filth of following the holding intracavity whereabouts in the mechanism of decontaminating below.

2. The device for parent fish rearing and fertilized egg obtaining according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet of the submersible pump is disposed horizontally and forms an angle of 30 degrees with a tangent to the wall of the rearing pond.

3. The device for parent fish culturing of snout bream and collecting fertilized eggs according to claim 1, wherein the edge of the overflow port is smoothly transitioned.

4. The apparatus for family culturing of parent fish of snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs as claimed in claim 1, wherein air stone is filled in the net bag, and an overflow hole is provided in the egg collection box near the upper portion.

5. A method for culturing parent fish of Lutjanus fasciatus and obtaining fertilized eggs by using the apparatus for culturing parent fish of Lutjanus fasciatus and obtaining fertilized eggs according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

6. The method for culturing parent fish of snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs according to claim 5, wherein the baits fed in the second step are mussel meat and fresh shrimps with longarm, and further comprises 2-4% vitamin C, 1-2% vitamin E and 6-8% immunopolysaccharide, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1-2% of the weight of the fish, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 60%.

7. The method for culturing parent fish of snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs according to claim 5, wherein the fertilized eggs are incubated in an incubation tank at a temperature of 21 to 25 ℃, a salinity of 25 to 30%, a pH of 7.5 to 8.0, and slightly aerated.

8. The method for culturing parent fish of snout bream and obtaining fertilized eggs by using the device according to claim 5, wherein a trash removal mechanism is installed at a middle position of the bottom of the cultivation pond, the trash removal mechanism comprises a plurality of trash removal rods and a receiving tank, the outer bottom surface of the cultivation pond is provided with protrusions, the bottom surface of the cultivation pond and the trash removal rods are provided with a plurality of trash removal slots in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the trash removal slots penetrate through the lower surfaces of the protrusions, the trash removal rods are rotatably installed in the trash removal slots, the outer walls of the trash removal rods and the inner walls of the trash removal slots are sealed, the cross section of the trash removal rods is in a C-shaped structure to form an accommodating cavity, the opening width of the accommodating cavity is smaller than the thickness of the protruding position of the bottom of the cultivation pond, the two ends of the trash removal rods are respectively provided with an installation head and a connection head, the installation head and the connection head respectively extend out of the two protruding ends, the connection head is provided with a driven bevel gear, and a rotation shaft is installed on the outer bottom surface of the cultivation pond, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a handle, a plurality of driving bevel gears are arranged on the rotating shaft in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the driven bevel gears, the driven bevel gears and the driving bevel gears are in one-to-one correspondence engagement transmission, a fixing plate is arranged on the protrusion, the mounting head is rotatably connected to the fixing plate, and the material receiving groove is arranged below the dirt removing mechanism and used for receiving dirt falling from the containing cavity; at the stages of domestication of parent fishes, cultivation of parent fishes and gonad development regulation and control of reproduction, the cultivation pond is regularly cleaned, water flow discharged from a water outlet of the submersible pump forms circulation along the pond wall, so that dirt in the cultivation pond is gathered to the center of the bottom of the pond, the handle is rotated to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the dirt removing rod to rotate, the dirt falling into the accommodating groove falls into the material receiving groove after being overturned downwards along with the dirt removing rod, and therefore the dirt removing operation of the bottom of the cultivation pond is achieved.