CN111296274B - Rice variety breeding method of ratoon rice - Google Patents
Rice variety breeding method of ratoon rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a regenerated rice variety, which relates to the field of rice cultivation and comprises the following steps: selecting rice material for hybridization to obtainHybrid offspring seed F 1 Substitution; planting F 1 When the first season is mature, the first node of the upper part of the stem is cut off, the internode dormancy bud on the rest stem germinates and regenerates, and F is selected by observation and comparison 1 Single plant regenerated seeds with more regenerated plants at generation base are used as F 2 Substitution; will F 2 ～F 5 After the low-temperature screening is carried out in the seedling stage of the generation, single plants are broken off to carry out high-low fertility level planting, and after stubble cutting regeneration, seeds meeting the screening standard obtained each time are used as next-generation seed selection materials; to F 6 The generation is planted in the high and low fertility field by direct seeding, and the stubble is cut and regenerated until the new strain of the base regenerated rice with the target property is obtained. Compared with the existing regenerated rice varieties, the regenerated rice variety bred by the method has higher yield-increasing potential, saves labor and cost, is simple to operate, has wide universality and obvious social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, in particular to a breeding method for rice seeds sprouting from base dormant buds to rice regeneration.
Background
The Chinese is the first big country in the world and is one of the main agricultural countries in the world. Rice is the most important grain crop in China. Along with the acceleration of the development progress of the society in China, the production mode of rice has entered the stages of light weight, simplicity, cost saving, high quality and high yield. Therefore, it is important to cultivate a suitable regenerated rice variety, most of the current regenerated rice varieties are cultivated by using a rice variety of one season, the regenerated rice is formed by germinating dormant buds remained on the stem nodes after being harvested from the head season, and sequential branching and heading are carried out from high to low, as shown in fig. 1A and 1B. According to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the dormant buds at different nodes are sequentially regenerated and form paddy, but the commercial consistency of the regenerated rice is affected due to the inconsistent maturity of the regenerated paddy; in addition, the regenerated rice has the problems of small spike, insufficient yield potential, large mechanized harvesting and yield reduction amplitude of first-season rice and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the regenerated rice in the prior art is easily affected by high nodes, the ears are small, the yield potential is insufficient, the mechanized harvesting and yield reduction range of the first-season rice is large, and the like, the invention provides a method for breeding the regenerated rice variety, wherein the regenerated rice variety to be selected is the regenerated rice which is formed by germinating the rice straw base dormant buds once and tillers. The bred variety of the regenerated rice has the characteristics of low temperature resistance, low oxygen resistance and the like in the first season of the variety, and can ensure one-time seedling formation at about 12 ℃ because the base dormant buds can germinate about 5 complete leaves; the basic nutrition growth period of the variety is stable, and the variety is insensitive to illumination; the early plant type is loose, and the later plant type is stiff and smooth; the direct seeding lodging resistance capability is strong, as shown in fig. 2A and 2B, has great influence on rice cultivation of grain crops in China, and has great contribution to society.
In order to achieve the technical purpose of the invention, the invention provides a breeding method of a regenerated rice variety, wherein the regenerated rice germinates from base dormant buds into the regenerated rice, and the method comprises the following steps:
selecting rice material with basal regeneration character and rice material with other target character to make hybridization to obtain hybrid offspring seed F with basal regeneration character and other target character 1 Substitution;
simultaneous planting F 1 Generation and parent thereof, from F when the first season is mature 1 Cutting off the first node of the upper part of the stalk of the generation and the parent thereof to enable the dormant buds of the lower part of the stalk to germinate and regenerate, comparing F by observation 1 Selecting F according to the single plant character expression of the plant in the mature state of the generation and parent regeneration plant and the mature state of the first season 1 Single plant regenerated seeds with more regenerated plants at generation base are used as F 2 Substitution;
for F 2 After the low-temperature screening cultivation is carried out in the seedling stage of the generation, the single plant is broken off to carry out field planting with high and low fertility, and when the first season is mature, F is adopted 2 Cutting off the first section of the upper part of the stem of the generation plant, germinating and regenerating the dormant buds of the lower section, comparing the single plant character expression of the plant in the mature state of the regenerated plant with that of the plant in the mature state of the first season, and finally taking the seeds meeting the screening standard obtained each time as the next generation seed selection material from F 2 ～F 5 Repeating the process instead;
from F 6 The first generation is planted in the field with high and low fertility by direct seeding, the same stubble cutting and regeneration are carried out, and the biological properties of the two-season rice, the rice quality and the taste of the rice are respectively examined by taking the plant system as a unit until a new strain of the base regenerated rice with the target property is obtained.
Wherein said at pair F 2 ～F 5 After the low-temperature screening cultivation is carried out in the seedling stage of the generation, and when the first Ji Dao is mature, the method further comprises the step of breaking off the single plants after the low-temperature screening cultivation, and planting the single plants on the fields with high and low fertility levels respectively.
Wherein, the single plant character expression of the plant in the mature state of the regenerated plant and the mature state of the first season is observed and compared, and the single plant character expression of the plant in the mature state of the regenerated plant and the mature state of the first season is observed and compared on the field with the high and low fertility level.
The rice material with the base regeneration property is a low-generation rice material, in particular a rice variety with a base regeneration gene or a hybrid low-generation rice material with a base regeneration gene.
The rice material with the target property can be a rice material with a property gene which has strong basal regeneration capability, more spike grains, proper breeding period, strong lodging resistance, one or more of excellent rice quality and the like and can meet the production and quality requirements.
Wherein the low temperature screening cultivation comprises the steps of, mixing F 2 ～F 5 The seeds are diluted in open air at the average daily temperature of 8-10 ℃ and the cold-resistant variant materials are eliminated at low temperature.
Wherein the slave F 6 The first generation is planted in the high-low fertility field by dividing the plant line, and plant line materials which are not resistant to lodging are eliminated.
Wherein, the high and low fertility level at least comprises two plots of high and low fertility.
Specifically, the high fertility level is 150% of the general fertilization amount, and the low fertility level is 50% of the general fertilization amount.
Wherein, the high-low fertility level of the split planting includes:
culturing seedlings subjected to low-temperature screening;
when 60% of single seedlings are tillered to more than 4, the tillered single seedlings are broken off, and are planted in the fields with high and low fertility levels respectively, and the rest materials are uniformly eliminated;
when the first season rice of the separated plant is mature, cutting the part above the first section of the upper part of each plant stalk, enabling the rest bud of the lower part of the plant stalk to enter germination regeneration, and obtaining the seed after the separated plant after the regeneration season is mature.
In particular, the screening criteria include:
direct seeding planting is carried out on high and low fertility plots, and plants with strong base regeneration capacity are obtained;
plants with high yield;
rice quality and good taste;
plants with strong first season freshness in Gu Xiumian period;
planting a plant line with strong lodging resistance by direct seeding;
other plants with prominent target traits.
The screening standard is obtained by analyzing data of the dormancy performance and germination rate of each generation of material heads Ji Xiangu according to the character expression of each cold-resistant single plant under the conditions of high and low fertility, germination of each section dormant bud of a regenerated plant and heading time of each section of dormant bud of the regenerated plant when each generation of material is mature in the first season.
In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the plant exhibiting strong regeneration capacity at the base of high and low fertility plots comprises: and (3) examining the germination quantity of base dormant buds of the same plant in the high and low fertilizer areas, wherein the base dormant bud germinator is the only harvesting target, and the base regenerated plant is preferentially selected from 3-4 effective spikes, and the number of spike grains is not less than 80% of the first season.
Wherein, the plants with high yield are the two-season yield, and the plants with high yield are preferentially selected from the regenerated season under the condition of equivalent yield.
Wherein the plants with good rice quality are rice grains with high appearance and transparency, and under the same condition, the chalkiness rate is less than 10 percent, and the chalkiness rate is less than 5 percent.
The plants with strong first season fresh Gu Xiumian period are the first season fresh cereal grain with high germination rate and low germination rate which is lower than 20 percent.
Wherein, the plants with the other outstanding target traits are target traits selected by the person skilled in the art according to actual needs, and the screening method is according to the routine method in the art.
In particular, the number of single plants harvested in the field of each generation of seed selection material is more than 60.
Preferably, the number of the finally reserved single plants of each generation of seed selection material is 40-50.
The screening standard is obtained by analyzing data of dormancy of fresh grains of each generation and the germination rate of each generation, wherein the data are collected in the cultivation process, and the data are obtained by analyzing the property expression of each cold-resistant single plant under the conditions of high and low fertility of each generation and the parents of the first-season rice, germination of dormant buds of each section of regenerated plants, spike-cutting time and determination of dormancy and germination rate of fresh grains of each generation.
It should be noted that, the method for performing data analysis according to the present invention may employ conventional analysis methods, such as SPSS analysis, SAS analysis, and EXCEL analysis; for the analysis result, plant seeds which are more in line with the target characters and better in data are selected; for example, the single plant seeds have the advantages of base dormancy bud germination, small variation of spike grain number, spike germination resistance, good rice appearance and other characters.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the method of the invention breeds the regenerated rice variety, can obtain the rice variety sprouting at the base dormancy bud of the straw, solves the problem that the current regenerated rice variety is easy to form the regenerated rice with inconsistent mature period in different sections, and overcomes the problems of poor commodity consistency, small spike, insufficient yield potential, large mechanized harvesting and yield reduction amplitude of the first-season rice and the like of the regenerated rice.
2. The method for breeding the regenerated rice provided by the invention not only can obtain the regenerated plant formed by one-time germination of the dormant buds from the base of the straw, but also can tillering again, and can grow complete leaves with main stems of about 5 leaves, the growth is neat and consistent, the seedling stage of the variety in the first season has the characteristics of low temperature resistance, low oxygen resistance and the like, and the one-time sowing seedling formation can be ensured under the conditions of about 12 ℃ and flooding; the basic nutrition period of the variety is stable, and the variety is insensitive to illumination; the early plant type is loose, and the later plant type is stiff and smooth; the direct seeding lodging resistance capability is strong, as shown in fig. 2A and 2B, has great influence on rice cultivation of food crops in China, and has great contribution to society.
3. The breeding method provided by the invention is simple, labor-saving and cost-saving in cultivation, simple in operation, easy to master and wide in universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a conventional ordinary ratoon rice described in the background art, germinated from upper-level to lower-level dormant buds into a ratoon plant, resulting in inconsistent mature periods; wherein, fig. 1A is a single plant photograph, and fig. 1B is a field photograph;
FIG. 2 shows a new rice variety which germinates from a basal dormant bud into a regenerated plant and is bred by the method of the invention; wherein, fig. 2A is a single plant photograph, and fig. 2B is a field photograph;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between germination of dormant buds at different nodes of different rice varieties and stalks at a high fertility level;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between germination of dormant buds at different nodes of different rice varieties and stalks at a low fertility level.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. These examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods in the following examples, in which specific experimental conditions are not noted, are generally performed under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
It should be noted that the present invention was developed throughout the years in an effort to study rice, and the following examples are only a small part of the numerous field trials of the inventors to illustrate the present invention. The material instrument used in the test content comprises:
test rice seeds: rice seeds with the advantages of base dormant bud germination and rice seeds with other target traits, and the seed quality accords with GB 4404.1-2008 standard.
Test instrument: IRX-258D intelligent artificial climate incubator, germination accelerating seed bag, seed label, rice hybridization tool, field recording stationery, farm tools and the like. The method comprises the following specific steps:
example 1
1. Obtaining F1 generation seeds:
cutting glume, pollinating, hybridizing and bagging the selected parent in the heading period, and collecting hybridized seeds F after the seeds are ripe 1 And each parent seed.
The selected parent of the invention must be two generation materials with basal regeneration characters or rice materials with other target character genes, for example, the parent is a rice variety with basal regeneration genes or a rice generation material with basal regeneration genes, and the parent is a rice material with characters of strong cold resistance, strong tillering capability, more spike grains, spike germination resistance, good rice appearance and the like.
In order to obtain a rice variety with more excellent properties, it is necessary to select a rice variety with complementary target properties as a parent according to the need, for example, a rice variety with properties such as strong cold resistance, strong tillering ability, a large number of grains per ear, resistance to germination per ear, and good rice appearance.
2、F 1 Planting in the generation
In planting F 1 At the time of generation, simultaneously planting the F 1 The parent of the generation records the first season character data of each plant, cuts off the upper part from the first section of the upper part of the stalk when the first season is mature, regenerates the lower part of the plant, combines the character expression of the single plant in the first season when the regeneration season is mature, and selects the single plant regenerated seeds with more regenerated plants at the harvest base and larger biomass as F 2 Seed generation.
3、F 2 ～F 5 And (3) planting and screening:
f is carried out in the middle 3 months of frequent occurrence of "late spring cold" when the average daily air temperature is 8-10 DEG C 2 The seeds of the generation are thin sowed into an open seedling bed according to the plant system, when seedlings have more than 4 tillers, each single plant is broken off, and marked, and transplanted into two plots with high and low fertility respectively, and normal management is carried out, and the character expression of each plant in the high and low fertilizer areas is recorded; when the first season is mature, cutting off the first section at the upper part of the plant, applying shallow water topdressing until the germination of the dormant buds is finished; when the rice is mature, selecting regenerated plants with strong regeneration capacity at the base of two fertilizer plots, strong first season freshness Gu Xiumian and other outstanding comprehensive properties, harvesting seeds by the single plants, and reserving 40-50 single plants for next generation planting after the appearance identification of the indoor brown rice. The method is carried out from F 2 Instead of starting, thus reciprocating to F 5 And (3) replacing.
The invention is to sow seeds in the open seedling bed in the middle 3 months of frequent occurrence of 'cold in spring', and aims to eliminate cold-resistant variant materials at low temperature so as to obtain rice seeds with cold-resistant property.
The invention relates to a method for identifying the difference of germination positions of dormant buds and the difference of other target characters by planting rice materials planted in high-fertility land blocks and low-fertility land blocks.
The high-fertility land parcels refer to fields with high fertility levels, and the fertilizing amount of the land parcels is 150% of the common fertilizing amount; the low-fertility land parcels refer to a field with a low fertility level, which is 50% of the common fertilization amount. Because the soil fertility in each area is different, the specific fertilization amount is not particularly limited, and the high-fertility land block is only 50% of the local general fertilization amount as long as the fertilization amount reaches 150% of the local general fertilization amount.
4. High-generation direct seeding planting:
planting rice generation to F 6 Instead, F 5 The single plant seeds harvested in the generation are respectively sown into fields with high and low fertility according to the plant lines, and when the first season is mature, the upper regeneration is cut off from the first section at the upper part of the stalk, and when the regenerated rice is mature, F is obtained 7 Seed of the generation strain.
According to the invention, the strain direct seeding planting is distinguished by high and low fertilizers, so that the lodging resistance of each strain and the taste difference of rice are identified.
Application examples
The following is a specific procedure for breeding a regenerated rice variety by applying the above example 1 of the present invention, namely, application example. The following application examples selected a part of the experiments performed by the inventors between 2008 and 2018. The base portion ratoon 17A318 is obtained by hybridization breeding by taking a rice variety of 'chemical susceptibility rice 6173' as a male parent and a rice variety of 'chemical susceptibility 2205' as a female parent. The rice character of the male parent is characterized by strong basal regeneration capability, strong luxuriance and spike germination resistance, and the rice character of the female parent is characterized by small spike grain number variation, strong cold resistance and good rice appearance; the local general fertilization amount is as follows: the base fertilizer is applied with 8-12 kg/mu of urea, 25-30 kg/mu of 14% calcium superphosphate and 8-10 kg/mu of potassium chloride. The fertilizer is applied twice, 10 to 15 days after transplanting, 8 to 10 kilos of urea is applied per mu, 35 to 40 days after transplanting, 10 to 12 kilograms of spike fertilizer is applied per mu; the specific planting and screening process is as follows:
application example 1
1. Will selectPlanting parent and female parent varieties, cutting glume, pollinating, hybridizing and bagging in the heading stage, and respectively harvesting hybridized seeds F after the seeds are ripe 1 And each parent seed, wherein the process and the operation period adopt a conventional field operation method.
2. The harvested hybrid F1 generation seeds and parent mother seed Yu Zhengji are sprouted, sowed and marked. Seedlings are transferred into the seedlings for mature in a season of Tian Daotou after being suitable for age, and first-season biological property data of planting the seedlings are recorded one by one, wherein the biological property data comprise heading period, mature period, effective spike, spike grain number, rice appearance and the like. When the first season is mature, the upper part is cut off from the first section of the upper part of the stalk, so that the dormant buds on the plant stalk are regenerated, and when the regeneration season is mature, the regeneration season character data of the planted rice are recorded plant by plant. Combining the single plant character expression in the first season, harvesting the regenerated plant seeds with amphiphilicity and strong regeneration capacity of the basal dormant buds as F 2 And (3) planting in the next year.
3. In the middle 3 months of frequent occurrence of "cold in the back spring", F is harvested when the average daily air temperature is 8-10 DEG C 2 The seeds of the generation are thin sowed into open seedling fields according to plant lines, when about 60 percent of seedlings grown from the seeds have 4-6 tillers, each tiller single plant is broken off, and the seedlings are respectively put into a high-fertility test field and a low-fertility test field for planting, and the rest plants with less than 4 tillers are eliminated; during the growth period of rice, respectively recording the heading period, the maturation period, the effective spike, the spike grain number, the rice appearance and the like of each plant, when the rice is mature in the first season, cutting stubbles from the first section at the upper part of the plant, reserving 2 single spikes with labels for dormancy strength test (namely seed dormancy test), applying shallow water topdressing after the cutting stubbles in the first season, observing and recording the germination condition of dormant buds on each section of each single plant stalk every 7 days until the germination of the dormant buds is finished; recording heading period, maturity period, effective ear, ear grain number, rice appearance and the like of each regenerated plant from growth to maturity of the regenerated rice, and then comprehensively selecting generation plants in a seed selection garden;
the specific selection criteria of the comprehensive seed selection are as follows: firstly, examining the germination quantity of base dormant buds of the same plant in a high fertilizer area and a low fertilizer area, wherein the base dormant bud germinators are the only harvesting targets, and the base regenerated plant effective spikes are 3-4, and the number of spike grains is not less than 80% of that in the first season; second, the yield is two seasons, and the yield is higher than the regeneration season under the condition of equivalent yield; thirdly, rice quality, high appearance transparency, and under the same condition, the chalkiness rate is less than 10 percent, and the chalkiness rate is less than 5 percent; fourth, the first season fresh cereal grain has a higher germination rate, and the germination rate is lower than 20%.
After the rice is mature, seeds are harvested according to the standard, and 40-50 single plants are reserved for next generation planting at most in each generation. The method is carried out from F 2 Starting instead, thus reciprocating to F 5 And (5) finishing the planting generation.
The germination data of the dormant buds are the germination quantity of the dormant buds on each section of each single plant stalk, which is observed and recorded every 7 days after the stubble cutting in the first season, until the germination of the dormant buds is finished.
The seed dormancy data is obtained by directly soaking mature fresh single-spike grains collected in first season with 25 ℃ flowing water, investigating the germination quantity of seeds on 15 th day, and classifying and recording the germination rate according to 5% or less, 5% -20%, 20% -50% or more.
4. Planting rice generation to F 6 Instead, at F 6 In the growth period of each plant line, the plant line is used as a unit, the character records of heading period, maturation period, lodging condition, effective spike, spike grain number and the like are respectively recorded, when the plant line is mature in the first season, each plant line is marked and 5 single plants are harvested, then stubble cutting regeneration is carried out from the first section at the upper part, and meanwhile, the plant line head Ji Dao is measured and stored; recording the germination quantity of base dormant buds, the heading period, the maturation period, the lodging condition, the effective spikes, the spike grain number, the occurrence condition of diseases and insects and other characters by taking a plant line as a unit during the growth period of a regeneration season, harvesting 5 single plants marked in the first season for each plant line when the regeneration rice is mature, and then carrying out plant line regeneration season measurement; and then, rice quality test and taste of rice are carried out on rice of each strain stored in the first season and the regeneration season of each strain, other characters are comprehensively examined, and finally, excellent stable strain declaration area test is selected.
According to the application embodiment, by adopting the method of the embodiment 1 to carry out the breeding method of the regenerated rice variety, the regenerated rice variety with germination advantages, regular growth of the regenerated rice and consistent maturity period of the dormant buds at the base of the stalk compared with the dormant buds at other parts of the stalk is obtained, and is shown in fig. 2. Wherein, the bred regenerated rice plant 17A318 variety provided in FIG. 2A is a photo (low fertilizer area) in the grouting period, and according to the photo, it can be obviously seen that the regenerated rice is formed after one germination of dormant buds from the straw base, and the growth is neat; FIG. 2B is a photograph of a variety of the regenerated rice plant 17A318 in the mature period in the field, and according to the photograph, it is obvious that the regenerated rice grows neatly, the mature period is consistent, and the plant type is stiff and smooth; and the direct seeding has strong lodging resistance, which is in sharp contrast with fig. 1.
Test example 1 test of germination of dormant buds of different Rice varieties under conditions of high and low fertility levels
1. Test treatment
Selecting a new variety 17A318 and 18DZ273 of base regenerated rice and unmodified common rice-Jiaxing No. 8, raising seedlings under the same condition, when seedlings have 4-6 tillers, all tillering single plants are planted in a field with the same high and low fertility after being planted in a field with the same high and low fertility, when the first season of the seedlings is mature, stubble cutting and regenerating from the first section at the upper part, and respectively recording dormancy data and germination data of dormancy buds on rice stubble.
2. Statistical analysis and data processing:
all data were analyzed using SPSS (social science statistics software package) 17.0 software.
The obtained original data are converted into dormant bud germination indexes IR (inhibitory rate) which are used as the dormant bud germination indexes of different sections for statistical analysis, the data are averaged, and the germination rate is calculated according to the formula (1):
A＝(1-B/C)×100％ (1)
wherein, the A-germination rate (IR), the B-germination number of the dormant buds at the same node position and the total number of the dormant buds at the same node position are shown.
3. Analysis of germination results of dormant buds of different rice varieties under high and low fertility level conditions
The analysis results of the relation between the rice variety and the sleep buds at different sections are shown in fig. 3 and 4, and according to the sleep bud germination relation at the high fertility level shown in fig. 3, 17A318 and 18DZ273 obtained by investigation and breeding 14 days after harvesting and the germination rate (%) of the sleep buds at the 3 rd section from the base 0 section to the upper section of the rice straw of the non-modified Jiaxing No. 8 (common rice) are respectively as follows: the germination rate (%) of the base 0 section dormant bud reaches 96.35, 95.64 and 0 respectively; the germination rate (%) of 1 section of dormant buds at the upper part of the basal part reaches 3.23, 3.82 and 2.64 respectively; the germination rate (%) of 2 sections of dormant buds at the upper part of the basal part reaches 0.42, 0.54 and 67.48 respectively; the germination rate (%) of the base 3-node dormant buds reaches 0, 0 and 29.88 respectively.
From the germination relationship of dormant buds at the low fertility level shown in fig. 4, the germination rates (%) of the dormant buds at the positions from the base 0 node to the upper 3 node of 17a318, 18DZ273 and jiaxing 8 (common rice) rice straw, 14 days after harvesting, are respectively: the germination rate (%) of the base 0 section dormant bud reaches 99.04, 98.35 and 0 respectively; the germination rate (%) of 1 section of dormant buds at the upper part of the basal part reaches 0.83, 1.26 and 0.47 respectively; the germination rate (%) of 2 sections of dormant buds at the upper part of the basal part reaches 0.14, 0.39 and 80.17 respectively; the germination rate (%) of the 3-node dormant buds at the upper part of the basal part reaches 0, 0 and 19.36 respectively.
Therefore, the germination capacity of the dormant buds of the different sections from the base to the 3 rd section of the straw regenerated by rice varieties of different types is controlled by the rice varieties and has no obvious influence on the fertility level. The rice variety bred by the method has the advantages that the dormant buds at the base of the stalk have germination advantages compared with the dormant buds at other parts of the stalk, the rice is orderly grown, the mature period is consistent, and the problems that the current rice variety has small regenerated rice ears, large mature period difference, large mechanized harvesting yield reduction amplitude of first-season rice and the like due to different germination time of the dormant buds at the upper sections of the stalk are solved, so that the problems of poor consistency of rice products and insufficient yield potential are caused. Therefore, the breeding method provided by the invention can obtain the regenerated rice variety with excellent characters and more meeting the production quality requirements.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding a regenerated rice variety, characterized in that the regenerated rice is formed by germination of a dormant bud from a basal part, comprising:
hybridization is carried out by taking a rice material 'chemical-sensing rice 6173' variety with basal regeneration character as a male parent and a rice material 'chemical-sensing rice 2205' variety with other target characters as a female parent, so as to obtain a filial generation seed F with basal regeneration character and other target characters 1 Substitution;
simultaneous planting F 1 Generation and parent thereof, from F when the first season is mature 1 Cutting off the first node on the upper part of the stalk of the generation and the parent thereof, germinating and regenerating internode dormant buds on the rest stalk, comparing F by observation 1 Selecting F according to the single plant character expression of the plant in the mature state of the generation and parent regenerated plant and the mature state of the first season 1 Single plant regenerated seeds with more regenerated plants at generation base are used as F 2 Substitution;
for F 2 After the low-temperature screening cultivation is carried out in the seedling stage of the generation, the single plant is broken off to carry out field planting with high and low fertility, and when the first season is mature, F is adopted 2 Cutting off the first section of the upper part of the stem of the generation plant, germinating and regenerating the dormant buds of the lower section, comparing the single plant character expression of the plant in the mature state of the regenerated plant with that of the plant in the mature state of the first season, and finally taking the seeds meeting the screening standard obtained each time as the next generation seed selection material from F 2 ～F 5 Repeating the process instead;
from F 6 The first generation is planted in the field with high and low fertility by direct seeding, and the same stubble cutting and regeneration are carried out, and the biological properties, rice quality and taste of the two-season rice are respectively examined by taking the plant system as a unit until a new strain of the base regenerative rice with the target properties is obtained.
2. The regenerated rice variety according to claim 1The breeding method is characterized in that 2 ～F 5 After the low-temperature screening cultivation is carried out in the seedling stage of the generation, and when the first Ji Dao is mature, the method further comprises the step of breaking off the single plants after the low-temperature screening cultivation, and planting the single plants on the fields with high and low fertility levels respectively.
3. The method for selectively breeding a regenerated rice variety according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein said comparing the individual plant trait of the plant in the mature state of the regenerated plant with the mature state of the first season by observation further comprises comparing the individual plant trait of the plant in the mature state of the regenerated plant with the mature state of the first season on a field with a high and low fertility level by observation.
4. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein said rice material having a basal regeneration trait is a rice material having a basal regeneration gene.
5. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein said low temperature screening cultivation is to select F 2 ～F 5 The seeds are subjected to open-air thin sowing growth at the daily average temperature of 8-10 ℃ and the cold-resistant variant materials are eliminated at low temperature.
6. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein said rice is selected from the group consisting of F 6 The first generation is planted in the field with high and low fertility by direct seeding, and the biological characters, rice quality and taste of the two-season rice are inspected by taking the plant line as a unit until the new strain of the base portion ratoon rice with the target characters is obtained.
7. The method for selectively breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 2, wherein said high and low fertility level split single plant planting comprises:
cultivating the seedlings subjected to low-temperature screening;
when the seedlings of the single plant are tillered to 4 or more than 4, the single plant is broken off and planted in the high-low fertility field respectively;
when the head-season rice of the single plant is ripe, the head-season rice is cut off from the first section at the upper part of each plant stalk, so that the dormant buds at the lower parts of the plant stalk germinate and enter regeneration, and seeds with base regenerated partial plants are obtained after the head-season rice is ripe.
8. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the number of individual plants obtained from each generation of the seed selection material is more than 40.
9. The method for breeding a regenerated rice variety according to any one of claims 1 or 6, wherein said screening criteria comprises:
direct seeding planting is carried out on high and low fertility plots, and plants with strong base regeneration capacity are obtained;
plants with high yield;
rice quality and good taste;
plants with strong first season freshness in Gu Xiumian period;
planting a plant line with strong lodging resistance by direct seeding;
other plants with prominent target traits.
10. The method for breeding regenerated rice variety according to claim 9, wherein the screening criteria are obtained by analyzing data collected during the cultivation process, such as the performance of each cold-resistant individual plant under the condition of high and low fertility, germination of each section of dormant bud of the regenerated plant, heading time, and determination of dormancy and germination rate of each generation of material head Ji Xiangu.
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