CN111295966A - Efficient water collecting method for dry farmland ridge culture - Google Patents

Efficient water collecting method for dry farmland ridge culture Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111295966A
CN111295966A CN202010192905.9A CN202010192905A CN111295966A CN 111295966 A CN111295966 A CN 111295966A CN 202010192905 A CN202010192905 A CN 202010192905A CN 111295966 A CN111295966 A CN 111295966A
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China
Prior art keywords
soil
ridge culture
furrows
water
separators
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Pending
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CN202010192905.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑金玉
罗洋
郑洪兵
李瑞平
王浩
刘海天
马晶
吕珂
张大光
刘武仁
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN202010192905.9A priority Critical patent/CN111295966A/en
Publication of CN111295966A publication Critical patent/CN111295966A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collection method, which is characterized in that under the ridge culture condition, soil separators are dug in furrows, the height of the soil separators is equal to that of ridge platforms, the width of the soil separators is equal to that of the furrows, and the length of the soil separators is 30-40 cm. According to the high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collection method provided by the invention, natural rainfall is stored in a farmland through the soil insulator, so that water and soil loss is avoided, the utilization efficiency of the natural rainfall is improved, a plough layer soil reservoir is created, the purposes of summer, rain, autumn and spring are achieved, and the requirement of crop growth and development on water is met. The method is simple and reliable, strong in practicability, less in labor and low in cost.

Description

Efficient water collecting method for dry farmland ridge culture
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural water collection of dry farming farmlands, and particularly relates to a natural precipitation high-efficiency utilization technology for ridge culture crops such as corn, sorghum, soybean and the like.
Background
The annual rainfall capacity of the northeast rain-farming agricultural area of China is 950mm, the rainfall capacity difference of different areas is large, the rainfall capacity of the wet areas of the mountainous area and the semi-mountainous area of the eastern area is 650mm, the rainfall capacity of the semi-wet area of the middle area is 450 mm, and the rainfall capacity of the semi-arid area of the western area is 200 mm, 350 mm. Rain fall in rain-fed agricultural areas is mostly gusty rain, most of the rain fall is concentrated from the middle 6 th to the middle 8 th of the month, water loss caused by the gusty rain is serious, and the rain fall in spring and autumn is less, so that spring and drought phenomena occur occasionally. How to solve the problem of spring drought becomes a big problem, if the effective rainfall can be accumulated, the cultivation method can be used in summer, rain and autumn, and in autumn, rain and spring, the water utilization efficiency is improved, and the water-saving cultivation is realized.
The existing farmland water collecting and crop water saving cultivation methods mainly have two modes, one mode is large-scale engineering water collecting, and hydraulic engineering such as a reservoir is prosperous, but large-scale engineering water saving and cost consuming are much, farmland water needs to be supplied by an irrigation mode, the mode is labor-consuming, time-consuming and high in cost, and the growth and development of crops are slow due to low soil temperature after farmland irrigation. The water-saving cultivation technique is mainly biological water-saving and mechanized drought-resistant cultivation technique (mainly water). The biological water-saving technology mainly realizes water-saving cultivation by planting drought-resistant crops or drought-resistant varieties, so that the planted crops are limited, and the aims of high yield and high efficiency are difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of water and soil loss caused by spring drought and urgent rain in a rain-fed agricultural area, improve the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall, realize the sustainable utilization of soil resources and water resources, and avoid the problems of high water collection cost and high cost of large-scale projects, limited crop varieties due to biological water-saving cultivation, low benefit and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collecting method comprises the steps of digging soil separators in furrows under the ridge culture condition, wherein the height of the soil separators is equal to that of ridge platforms, the width of the soil separators is equal to that of the furrows, and the length of the soil separators is 30-40 cm.
Specifically, the distance between adjacent soil spacers in the same furrow is 20-50 m.
Specifically, soil spacers are positioned on the same straight line perpendicular to the furrows among different furrows.
Specifically, the soil spacers are not located on the same straight line perpendicular to the furrows among different furrows.
According to the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collection method provided by the invention, natural rainfall is stored in a farmland through the soil insulator, so that water and soil loss is avoided, the utilization efficiency of the natural rainfall is improved, a plough layer soil reservoir is created, the purposes of summer, rain, autumn and spring are achieved, and the requirement of crop growth and development on water is met. The method is simple and reliable, strong in practicability, less in labor and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal schematic view of ridge culture of the dry farmland of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the dry farmland ridge culture of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an illustration of an agricultural water collecting technology in dry farmland.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of the agricultural technology without the application of upland fields.
Wherein, 1-ridge platform; 2-furrow making; 3-a soil insulator; 4-crops on ridges; 5-ridge soil spacers 6-ridge platform.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
A high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collecting method comprises the steps of under a ridge culture condition, digging soil spacers in furrows, wherein the height of each soil spacer is equal to that of a ridge platform, the width of each soil spacer is equal to that of each furrow, and the length of each soil spacer is 30-40cm, wherein in the same furrow, the distance between every two adjacent soil spacers is 20-50m, and the soil spacers are positioned on the same straight line vertical to the furrows among different furrows.
Example 2
Corn production field testing
Time ① example 1 was run for a period of 26 days 6 months 2015.
② soil moisture determination time includes the first 2015 year 9-12 days, the second 2016 year 4-20 days.
A place: yunsheng Shandong village in Manjiu city in princess mountain.
① method for collecting water in dry farmland, which comprises performing dry farmland agriculture at intervals of 20 ridges × 30 m ridge length, and manually operating the soil insulator with height of 0.16 m.
② method for measuring soil moisture comprises manually collecting soil with a soil collector, dividing into four layers of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm per 10cm, repeating for three times, and drying with aluminum box.
As a result: the first measurement (9/2015 and 12/2015) shows that the moisture content of the soil in the corn production field subjected to the dry field agricultural water collection method is 22.7% at a depth of 0-40cm during the whole growth period, and the moisture content of the soil in the conventional corn production field is 21.8%, which is 0.9% higher than that in example 1.
The second measurement (20/4/2016) and the first measurement of the water content of the soil in the same area with a depth of 0-40cm, showed 21.8% in the corn production field where the dry farming was conducted and 20.9% in the conventional corn production field, and the comparison example 1 showed 0.96% higher percentage points than the production field and the corn seedling keeping rate of example 1 showed 8.1% higher percentage points than the production field.
Example 3
Soybean production field test
Time ① example 1 was run for a time of 2015, 7 months and 1 days.
② soil moisture determination time includes the first 2015 year, 9-18 days, and the second 2016 year, 4-15 days.
A place: yunsheng Shandong village in Manjiu city in princess mountain.
① method for collecting water in dry farmland, which comprises performing dry farmland agriculture at intervals of 20 ridges × 30 m ridge length, and manually operating the soil spacer with a height of 16 cm.
② method for measuring soil moisture comprises manually collecting soil with a soil collector, dividing into four layers of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm, repeating for three times, and drying with aluminum box.
As a result: the first measurement (9/2015, 18/2015) shows that the moisture content of the soil in the soybean production field subjected to the dry field agricultural water collection method and having a depth of 0-40cm during the whole growth period is 21.9%, and the moisture content of the soil in the conventional corn production field is 21.2%, and the ratio of the moisture content in the soybean production field to the moisture content in the conventional corn production field in the comparative example 1 is 0.7% higher than that in the production field.
The second measurement (2016, 4, 15) and the first measurement of the soil moisture content in the same area with the depth of 0-40cm, the soybean production field for dry field agriculture is 20.90%, the conventional corn production field is 20.21%, the comparison between the two fields is 0.69% higher than that of the production field, and the soybean seedling protection rate is 7.2% higher than that of the example 1.
In addition to the innovation and improvement of improving the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall and preventing water and soil loss of farmland, other cultivation techniques, such as selection of good varieties, determination of proper seeding time, planting density, reasonable fertilization, field management and other technical measures are all the existing known techniques, and are not described in detail herein.
The implementation conditions of the invention are as follows: the method can be implemented on flat ground, hilly ground and hilly ground. If the operation is manual, a shovel is needed. If mechanical construction is adopted, the machine can be an intertillage topdressing machine.
The essence of the invention is as follows:
the soil-digging separator for the ridge-planted farmland accumulates water, prevents water and soil loss and improves the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall.
The dry farmland agricultural technology water collection technology is combined with other cultivation technologies, such as: selecting excellent varieties, determining proper sowing time, planting density, reasonably applying fertilizer and the like, and realizing high yield and high efficiency.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collection method is characterized in that under ridge culture conditions, soil separators are dug in furrows, the height of the soil separators is equal to that of ridge platforms, the width of the soil separators is equal to that of the furrows, and the length of the soil separators is 30-40 cm.
2. The high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collecting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent soil separators in the same furrow is 20-50 m.
3. The high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collecting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil spacers are positioned on the same straight line vertical to the furrows among different furrows.
4. The high-efficiency dry farmland ridge culture water collecting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil separators are not positioned on the same straight line vertical to the furrows.
CN202010192905.9A 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Efficient water collecting method for dry farmland ridge culture Pending CN111295966A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115053778A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-09-16 柳州工学院 Sugarcane planting method for improving utilization of nitrogen fertilizer of rain-cultured sugarcane and reducing migration loss of nitrogen fertilizer

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1813509A (en) * 2006-03-14 2006-08-09 吉林省农业科学院 Farmland micro engineering catchment method
CN102282926A (en) * 2011-06-21 2011-12-21 吉林省农业科学院 Agricultural water collecting method for dry farmlands
CN102498779A (en) * 2011-11-17 2012-06-20 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Combined cultivation method for water and soil conservation for sloping farmlands
CN103155742A (en) * 2013-03-29 2013-06-19 西北农林科技大学 Intercropping furrow irrigation method
US20150264860A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-09-24 Sergei Vladimirovich Brindyuk Method for increasing crop yields
CN108184570A (en) * 2018-01-26 2018-06-22 河北农业大学 Water-collecting and fertilizer-collecting ridge-planting furrow-planting melon planting method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1813509A (en) * 2006-03-14 2006-08-09 吉林省农业科学院 Farmland micro engineering catchment method
CN102282926A (en) * 2011-06-21 2011-12-21 吉林省农业科学院 Agricultural water collecting method for dry farmlands
CN102498779A (en) * 2011-11-17 2012-06-20 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Combined cultivation method for water and soil conservation for sloping farmlands
US20150264860A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-09-24 Sergei Vladimirovich Brindyuk Method for increasing crop yields
CN103155742A (en) * 2013-03-29 2013-06-19 西北农林科技大学 Intercropping furrow irrigation method
CN108184570A (en) * 2018-01-26 2018-06-22 河北农业大学 Water-collecting and fertilizer-collecting ridge-planting furrow-planting melon planting method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115053778A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-09-16 柳州工学院 Sugarcane planting method for improving utilization of nitrogen fertilizer of rain-cultured sugarcane and reducing migration loss of nitrogen fertilizer

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Application publication date: 20200619