CN111286006B - Epoxy resin condensate, composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Epoxy resin condensate, composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111286006B CN111286006B CN202010150355.4A CN202010150355A CN111286006B CN 111286006 B CN111286006 B CN 111286006B CN 202010150355 A CN202010150355 A CN 202010150355A CN 111286006 B CN111286006 B CN 111286006B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/04—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
- C08G59/06—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
- C08G59/063—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols with epihalohydrins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/04—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
- C08G59/4223—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof aromatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
Abstract
The invention relates to an epoxy resin condensate, a composite material and a preparation method thereof, which are prepared from raw materials containing epoxy resin and a curing agent, wherein the epoxy resin has the following chemical structure:
wherein: x comprises at least one of X1, X2: x1 has the following chemical structure:
x2 has the following chemical structure:
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, in particular to an epoxy resin cured product, a composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the utilization form of wind energy, the wind power generation technology is the most mature and has the most commercial development prospect. Wind power as clean energy has great significance for solving the problems of energy shortage and environmental protection, and therefore, the wind power is more and more paid attention by countries in the world. The large-scale utilization of wind power generation is also one of effective measures for reducing the emission of harmful gases. In the recent years, the situation of power shortage and energy shortage has come to the fore, and wind power generation is becoming a trend.
The wind power generator is an electric power device which converts wind energy into mechanical work, and the mechanical work drives a rotor to rotate so as to finally output alternating current. The wind-driven generator generally comprises wind wheels, a generator direction regulator (empennage), a tower frame, a speed-limiting safety mechanism, an energy storage device and other components. According to the current windmill technology, the breeze speed of three meters per second can start to generate electricity.
There are many methods for improving the power generation capacity of the wind driven generator, for example, installing a frequency conversion device to output constant frequency alternating current and constant frequency alternating current, so as to provide more electric quantity. The intelligent control system for controlling the blades to face the wind direction through real-time adjustment is mounted, when the wind wheel of the wind driven generator faces the wind direction, the wind energy obtained by the wind wheel is the largest, and the more the electric quantity is obtained. Lubricating oil is suitably used. The use of lubricating oil, especially to main gear box position, can reduce the inside loss of fan as far as to improve the generated energy.
Reducing the weight of the blades while maintaining the mechanical strength of the blades is also an effective way to increase the power production of wind turbines. The blades are the most basic and critical components in wind turbines. The blade is required to have high mechanical strength in severe environment and long-term continuous operation, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of the blade can be accelerated by reducing the weight of the blade, so that the conversion rate of converting wind energy into electric energy is improved, and the generating capacity of the wind driven generator is improved.
The blade is a composite material composed of a matrix resin/reinforcement material. The matrix resin comprises an epoxy resin cured product, a vinyl resin cured product, an unsaturated resin cured product and the like, and provides mechanical properties and durability of the blade foundation. The blade made of pure resin has insufficient strength, rigidity and durability, so the blade needs to be compounded with reinforcing materials such as glass fiber and carbon fiber.
There is a method of reducing the weight of the blade while maintaining the mechanical strength of the blade. For example, carbon fibers are used in place of glass fibers, the density of the matrix resin is reduced by modification, and a porous material is added.
Chinese patent CN108690330A is a special light composite material for wind power generation equipment: the light blade composite material is prepared by adopting the modified glass beads and the modified chopped hollow carbon fibers as reinforcing materials and adjusting the density, the particle size and the content of the glass beads in a matrix, but the dispersibility and the interface associativity of the glass beads in the matrix resin have certain problems, so that the mechanical property of the composite material is influenced.
Chinese patent CN101418070A epoxy resin composition, composite material and preparation method thereof: the high-performance epoxy resin-based composite material is prepared by compounding an epoxy resin composition consisting of epoxy resin, a small molecular compound with one or more epoxy groups and an amine curing agent with a reinforcing material through a liquid molding process. Although the high-performance composite material is prepared by blending and modifying common epoxy resin, the density of the composite material is not improved, and the requirement of light weight of the blade cannot be met.
Therefore, there is a need for an epoxy resin cured product and a composite material thereof having low density, high mechanical strength and durability.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a low-density, high-strength cured epoxy resin.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an epoxy resin cured product prepared from raw materials comprising an epoxy resin and a curing agent, wherein,
epoxy resin: the epoxy resin has the following chemical structure:
wherein: x comprises at least one of X1, X2:
x1 has the following chemical structure:
x2 has the following chemical structure: -R-O is of the formula 3,
wherein: r in X2 is a group having not less than 4 carbon atoms and containing only carbon and hydrogen.
X1 is bisphenol A type epoxy resin with the chemical structure, the bisphenol A type epoxy resin is general epoxy resin, has the characteristics of good adhesion with carbon fiber, good comprehensive performance and easily obtained raw materials, but the bisphenol A type epoxy resin has high density and cannot meet the light weight characteristic of the required composite material.
X2 is a long-chain hydrocarbon group having the above chemical structure, and can reduce the density of the epoxy resin. The structure of the substance forming the X2 structure needs to contain two alcoholic hydroxyl groups, and the number of carbon atoms is not less than 4. It is possible to list, but not limited to, the following comonomers that can form the X2 structure: butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, heptanediol, octanediol, nonanediol, decanediol, undecanediol, tetradecanediol. The greater the number of carbon atoms of R, the lower the density of the epoxy resin, but when the number of carbon atoms of R is greater than 10, the mechanical properties and durability thereof may be reduced. Preferably, R is an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably, R is an alkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
Preferably, R in X2 comprises the following chemical structure:
the formula 4 can improve the adhesion between the cured epoxy resin and the reinforcing material. Wherein: r1 is alkyl, and the structure of X2 substance containing formula 4 contains two alcoholic hydroxyl groups at 1 and 2 positions, and the number of carbon atoms is not less than 8. It is possible to cite, but not limited to, the following comonomers which can form the structure of X2: 1, 2-octanediol, 1, 2-nonanediol, 1, 2-decanediol, 1, 2-dodecanediol, 1, 2-tetradecanediol, 1, 2-hexadecanediol. The more the carbon number is, the better the adhesion force between the epoxy resin cured material and the reinforcing material is, and the better the mechanical property of the prepared composite material is, but the too large carbon number can increase the density of the epoxy resin cured material, so that the density of the whole composite material is higher, and the application of the composite material is influenced. Preferably, R1 is an alkyl group having 8-12 carbon atoms.
Further preferably, R in X2 further comprises the following chemical structure:
formula 5 can reduce the density of the cured epoxy resin and increase its mechanical strength. Wherein: r2, R3 and R4 are H or alkyl. It is possible to cite, but not limited to, the following comonomers which can form the structure of X2: 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-1, 4-octanediol, 2-diethyl-1, 3-hexanediol. The higher the number of carbon atoms, the lower the density of the epoxy resin cured product, but the too large number of carbon atoms lowers the mechanical strength and chemical stability of the epoxy resin cured product. Preferably, R2 is an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, R3 is an alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms, and R4 is an alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms.
Further preferably, when R in X2 comprises the chemical structure of formula 4, formula 5: the molar ratio of the formula 4 to the formula 5 is 1: 0.1-0.4. The chemical structure of formula 5 is too much, which reduces the mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resin and thus reduces the strength and durability of the composite material, but too little of it increases the density of the cured epoxy resin and thus makes the composite material denser.
Preferably, when X comprises the chemical structure of X1, X2: the molar ratio of X1 to X2 is 1: 1-3, namely when X1 is 100 mole fraction, X is 100-300 mole fraction. The content of X2 is high, so that the density of the epoxy resin can be reduced and the weight of the composite material can be reduced, but the content of X2 is high, so that the adhesion force of the epoxy resin and a reinforcing material is reduced, the mechanical property of the composite material is reduced, and the durability is reduced.
Preferably, the curing agent is at least one of acid anhydride, carboxylic acid and amine, so as to ensure the influence on the mechanical property and durability of the cured epoxy resin. The curing agent is a substance or mixture which promotes or controls the curing reaction of the epoxy resin by adding the curing agent, and the curing reaction is realized by reacting certain groups in the curing agent with epoxy groups or hydroxyl groups in the epoxy resin. The acid anhydride curing agent is preferably an acid anhydride curing agent, which has a long pot life after mixing with an epoxy resin at room temperature and gives a cured product excellent in properties, particularly dielectric properties.
Preferably, the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is 1000 g/equivalent or more, and the higher the epoxy equivalent, the better the heat resistance of the epoxy resin.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a cured epoxy resin.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for preparing a cured epoxy resin comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing epoxy resin: will be provided with
Has the following chemical structure:
the raw material of X1,
Has the following chemical structure: -X2 for R-O, wherein: r in X2 is a group with carbon atom number not less than 4 and only containing carbon and hydrogen, the group is dissolved in a solvent according to the molar ratio of 1: 1-3, epichlorohydrin with 0.5-1.5 times of the total mole fraction of all the raw materials is added and mixed, an alkaline aqueous solution with the mass content of 20-40% is added to react until the epoxy equivalent is more than 1000 g/equivalent, liquid separation is carried out to obtain a finished product, the finished product is subjected to cold solidification to obtain epoxy resin,
(2) preparing an epoxy resin cured product: dispersing the obtained epoxy resin by using a dispersing agent, adding a curing agent to obtain a glue solution, removing the dispersing agent at room temperature under a vacuum condition, and curing at the temperature of 100-140 ℃ for 3-6 hours to obtain an epoxy resin cured product.
Preferably, the solvent is a solvent including toluene, xylene, etc. capable of dispersing and dissolving the raw material containing X1 and the raw material containing X2.
Preferably, the aqueous alkaline solution comprises potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide.
Preferably, the dispersant is acetone.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a composite material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a composite material: the epoxy resin composition comprises the cured epoxy resin and a reinforcing material.
Preferably, the reinforcing material contains at least one of carbon fiber and glass fiber.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a composite material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method of making a composite material comprising:
dispersing the epoxy resin by using a dispersing agent, adding a curing agent to obtain a glue solution, impregnating the reinforcing material with the glue solution, removing the dispersing agent from the impregnated reinforcing material at room temperature under a vacuum condition, curing for 20-40 minutes at the temperature of 100-140 ℃ to obtain a prepreg, and pressing the prepreg to obtain the composite material.
Preferably, the dispersant is acetone.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention leads the density of the cured epoxy resin to be 1.10g/cm by modifying the matrix resin3Below, even at 1.00g/cm3The tensile strength is more than 2650Mpa, and the impact strength is more than 20KJ/m2The prepared cured epoxy resin has good interfacial adhesion with a reinforcing material, achieves the aim of reducing the weight of the blade while maintaining the mechanical strength of the blade, is suitable for being used as the blade of the wind driven generator, and well improves the generating capacity of the wind driven generator.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.
The epoxy resins of examples 1 to 11 were prepared comprising:
under the protection of nitrogen, dissolving the raw materials in toluene according to the proportion, adding 1.05 times of epichlorohydrin of the total molar parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, adding 30% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, reacting for a certain time until the epoxy equivalent is about 2800 +/-100 g/equivalent, washing the separated liquid with distilled water, refining the filtrate with a rotary evaporator to obtain a finished product, and condensing and solidifying the finished product to obtain the epoxy resin.
The epoxy resin cured products of examples 1 to 11 were prepared, including:
dispersing the epoxy resin with acetone, adding curing agent phthalic anhydride to obtain glue solution, removing acetone in vacuum oven at room temperature, and oven-drying at 120 deg.C for 4.5hr to obtain epoxy resin cured product.
Preparing the composite of examples 1 to 11 comprising:
dispersing the prepared epoxy resin with acetone, adding curing agent phthalic anhydride according to equivalent of epoxy group and acid anhydride group to obtain glue solution, soaking 20 layers of carbon fiber cloth (C06644B, Toray corporation, breadth 100cm, thickness 0.3mm, surface density 317g/m2) with the glue solution, removing acetone in a vacuum oven at room temperature, placing in an oven at 120 deg.C for 30min to obtain prepreg, and pressing the prepreg at 120 deg.C and 2MPa for 4h with a mould press to obtain the composite material.
Comparative example 1:
EPICLON HM-091, available from DIC corporation, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, epoxy equivalent 2800 g/eq was used. Epoxy resin cured products and composite materials were prepared in the same manner as in this example.
The various performance tests were as follows:
epoxy equivalent: the test was carried out according to GB/T4612-2008.
Density of cured epoxy resin: the epoxy resin cured material on the surface of the composite material is scraped, and the test of the composite material by using a buoyancy method cannot be carried out according to the GB/T1463-2005 standard.
Tensile strength: tensile strength was measured according to ASTM D3039-08 using a universal tester.
Impact strength: according to the GB/T1843-2008 standard, the unnotched impact method is adopted for testing.
Compared with a comparative example, the composite material prepared by using the epoxy resin cured product has the characteristics of low density and high mechanical strength, is suitable for being used as a blade of a wind driven generator, and can well improve the power generation capacity of the wind driven generator.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cured epoxy resin, characterized in that: prepared from raw materials comprising an epoxy resin and a curing agent, wherein,
epoxy resin: the epoxy resin has the following chemical structure:
wherein: x comprises X1 and X2:
x1 has the following chemical structure:
x2 has the following chemical structure: -R-O is of the formula 3,
wherein: r in X2 is a group having not less than 4 carbon atoms and containing only carbon and hydrogen,
the molar ratio of X1 to X2 is 1: 1-3,
r in X2 comprises the following chemical structure:
wherein: r1 is alkyl with the carbon atom number not less than 8;
wherein: r2, R3, R4 are H or alkyl,
the molar ratio of the formula 4 to the formula 5 is 1: 0.1-0.4.
2. The cured epoxy resin according to claim 1, wherein: the curing agent is at least one of acid anhydrides, carboxylic acids and amines.
3. A method for producing the cured epoxy resin according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing epoxy resin: will be provided with
Has the following chemical structure:
the raw material of X1,
Has the following chemical structure: -R-O starting from X2 wherein: r in X2 is a group having not less than 4 carbon atoms and containing only carbon and hydrogen,
r in X2 comprises the following chemical structure:
wherein: r1 is alkyl with the carbon atom number not less than 8;
wherein: r2, R3, R4 are H or alkyl,
dissolving the raw materials into a solvent according to a molar ratio of 1: 1-3, adding epoxy chloropropane with the total mole fraction of 0.5-1.5 times of that of the raw materials, mixing, adding an alkaline aqueous solution with the mass content of 20-40% to react until the epoxy equivalent is more than 1000 g/equivalent, separating liquid and obtaining a finished product, carrying out cold solidification on the finished product to obtain epoxy resin,
(2) preparing an epoxy resin cured product: dispersing the obtained epoxy resin by using a dispersing agent, adding a curing agent to obtain a glue solution, removing the dispersing agent at room temperature under a vacuum condition, and curing at the temperature of 100-140 ℃ for 3-6 hours to obtain an epoxy resin cured product.
4. A composite material: the method is characterized in that: comprising the cured epoxy resin according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and a reinforcing material.
5. A composite material according to claim 4, wherein: the reinforcing material contains at least one of carbon fiber and glass fiber.
6. A preparation method of a composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: which produces the composite material of claim 4, comprising:
dispersing the epoxy resin by using a dispersing agent, adding a curing agent to obtain a glue solution, impregnating the reinforcing material with the glue solution, removing the dispersing agent from the impregnated reinforcing material at room temperature under a vacuum condition, curing for 20-40 minutes at the temperature of 100-140 ℃ to obtain a prepreg, and pressing the prepreg to obtain the composite material.
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| CN202010150355.4A CN111286006B (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2020-03-06 | Epoxy resin condensate, composite material and preparation method thereof |
| PCT/CN2020/115084 WO2021174803A1 (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2020-09-14 | Epoxy resin cured product, composite material, and preparation methods |
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| CN202010150355.4A CN111286006B (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2020-03-06 | Epoxy resin condensate, composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111286006B (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-08-20 | 江苏澳盛复合材料科技有限公司 | Epoxy resin condensate, composite material and preparation method thereof |
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- 2020-09-14 WO PCT/CN2020/115084 patent/WO2021174803A1/en active Application Filing
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| EP1526152A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite material, its manufacturing method and its use |
| CN104119640A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-29 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | High strength and high toughness epoxy resin composition applicable for hot melt method preparation of carbon fiber reinforced composite prepreg |
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| CN111286006A (en) | 2020-06-16 |
| WO2021174803A1 (en) | 2021-09-10 |
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