CN111268528A - Method for detecting performance of anti-falling safety device of construction elevator - Google Patents

Method for detecting performance of anti-falling safety device of construction elevator Download PDF

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CN111268528A
CN111268528A CN202010064171.6A CN202010064171A CN111268528A CN 111268528 A CN111268528 A CN 111268528A CN 202010064171 A CN202010064171 A CN 202010064171A CN 111268528 A CN111268528 A CN 111268528A
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safety device
speed
torque
controller
time
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CN111268528B (en
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谢鸣
曾国庆
李小松
毛容芳
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Wuhan Gangdi Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Wuhan Guide Electric Drive Technology Co ltd
Wuhan Guide Electric Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0037—Performance analysers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B66B5/048—Testing of overspeed governor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting the performance of an anti-falling safety device of a construction elevator, which comprises the steps of controlling a lift car to ascend and reach a stable speed, and recording the torque of a driving motor at the stable speed period; controlling the driving motor to be converted into a torque control mode, and not outputting any torque; when the car falls, the anti-falling safety device is opened, the closed-loop vector feedback speed value or the speed estimation value under the open-loop vector control of the controller at the moment is recorded, and timing is started; the timing is stopped when the car speed is zero. The invention can detect in the construction site, does not need to load the construction elevator car, does not need additional detection tools, and can detect the braking action speed, the braking torque and the equivalent full-load braking distance of the anti-falling safety device.

Description

Method for detecting performance of anti-falling safety device of construction elevator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety detection, in particular to a method for detecting the performance of an anti-falling safety device of a construction elevator.
Background
In the field of building construction, construction elevators are commonly used. The anti-falling safety device equipped for the construction elevator is an important safety device and can provide emergency braking when the construction elevator falls accidentally. Since the anti-falling safety device cannot work when the construction elevator is in normal use and only works when an accident occurs, the regular detection of key performance indexes of the anti-falling safety device is very important, such as the indexes of action speed, braking torque, braking distance and the like.
At present, two detection modes of an anti-falling safety device of a construction elevator are provided, wherein one mode is that the anti-falling safety device is periodically disassembled and sent to a special mechanism to be detected by a special anti-falling safety device detection platform; and the other method is that the construction hoist is periodically loaded at the construction site, and a drop test is carried out to detect related performance indexes. The first one is mandatory in national standard, the detection result is accurate, but the detection is troublesome, so the time interval between two detections is necessarily longer, and the performance index of the anti-falling safety device cannot be reflected in time; the second type is also required by national standards, on one hand, when an anti-falling test is carried out on site, the elevator car needs to be fully loaded and unmanned, the loading means is not all provided for each construction site, on the other hand, the detection of some performance indexes of the on-site anti-falling test, such as action speed and braking distance, needs additional detection tools, and more generally, when no additional detection tool is provided, the performance indexes are completely estimated manually, so that the indexes of braking torque cannot be obtained on site, the accuracy of the performance indexes is greatly reduced, and the real situation of the anti-falling safety device cannot be reflected. The defects of the two detection methods of the anti-falling safety devices also cause that a large number of anti-falling safety devices are in a state of faulty operation on a building construction site.
Therefore, how to provide a convenient and reliable method for detecting the performance of the anti-falling safety device of the construction elevator is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for detecting the performance of an anti-falling safety device of a construction elevator, which can detect the performance on a construction site, does not need to load a construction elevator car, does not need an additional detection instrument, and can detect the braking action speed, the braking torque and the equivalent full-load braking distance of the anti-falling safety device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting the performance of a falling prevention safety device of a construction elevator comprises the following steps:
step 1, the controller drives the motor to lift the lift car, and t is1Reach steady speed omega constantly1The steady speed time is t2-t1And recording the torque T of the driving motor in the steady speed periodLoad_Now；
Step 2: at t2At the moment, the controller converts the speed control mode of the driving motor into the torque control mode, controls the driving motor not to output any torque, and controls the lift car to start decelerating upwards until t3The falling is started at the moment;
and step 3: at t3At the moment, the controller controls the anti-falling safety device to be opened, and records the closed-loop vector feedback speed value of the controller or the speed estimation value omega under the open-loop vector control at the momentSafe_BrakeThe value is the braking action speed of the anti-falling safety device;
and 4, step 4: at t3The time begins to time until t4Ending timing when the speed of the lift car is zero, wherein the timing time is TSafe_BrakeAnd obtaining the braking distance and the braking torque of the anti-falling safety device, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
DSafe_Brake＝DSafe_Brake+ω·TS(1)
in the formula, DSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking distance, T, of the fall-protection safety deviceSRepresenting the controller sample period, ω represents t3To t4A real-time feedback speed value of a controller in a time interval or a speed estimation value under open-loop vector control;
Figure BDA0002375445690000021
in the formula, TSafe_BrakeRepresenting the braking torque of the fall arrestor, J representing the moment of inertia, being a constant, omegaSafe_BrakeWhen the falling protector starts to act, the feedback speed value of the controller or the estimated speed value under the open-loop vector control, TSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking time, T, of the fall-protection safety deviceLoad_NowA drive motor torque representing a steady speed period;
and 5: obtaining the equivalent full-load braking distance of the anti-falling safety device according to the braking distance of the anti-falling safety device, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002375445690000031
in the formula, DSafe_Brake_FullLoadIndicating the equivalent full-load braking distance, D, of the fall-preventing safety deviceSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking distance, T, of the fall-protection safety deviceLoad_NowDriving motor torque, T, representing steady speed periodMotor_NormalRepresents the rated torque of the drive motor and is constant.
Further, the moment of inertia J is obtained from the mechanical design data of the construction hoist or is calculated by the control of the controller.
Further, the step of obtaining the moment of inertia J through the control calculation of the controller is as follows:
step a: the controller controls the driving motor at t1Reach steady speed omega constantly1The steady speed time is t2-t1And read t2Torque value T of the drive motor at a timeBASE；
Step b: at t2At the moment, the controller controls the driving motor to accelerate to t3At the end of time when the speed reaches omega2And obtaining the moment of inertia J, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002375445690000032
in the formula, TACCRepresents t2To t3Integral of the acceleration torque over the time period, which is calculated by the formula:
TACC＝TACC+(TREALTIME-TBASE)·TS(5)
in the formula, TREALTIMERepresenting the torque, T, output of the drive motor in real timeBASEIndicates the steady speed t2Torque at time, TSThe controller sample period.
Further, the controller is a PLC or a frequency converter.
Further, the car is an empty car or a car with any load.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for detecting the performance of the anti-falling safety device of the construction elevator is disclosed, the car of the construction elevator does not need to be loaded, and the braking action speed, the braking torque and the equivalent full-load braking distance of the anti-falling safety device can be detected without additional detection instrument tools.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting the performance of a falling-prevention safety device of a construction elevator provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the performance index detection of the falling-preventing safety device of the construction elevator, wherein ω is a speed curve of the construction elevator or the cage, TeRepresenting the output torque curve of the drive motor.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the measurement of the moment of inertia of the hoist for construction according to the present invention, omega representing the velocity curve of the driving motor, TeRepresenting the output torque curve of the drive motor.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a device corresponding to the detection method of the present invention.
The anti-falling safety device comprises a construction elevator guide rail frame 1, a car 2, a driving motor 3, an anti-falling safety device 4 and an electric control system 5.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for detecting the performance of an anti-falling safety device of a construction elevator, which is applied to an anti-falling safety device of the construction elevator in the prior art, as shown in figure 1, a car 2 of the construction elevator is connected with a rack of a guide rail frame 1 through a gear of a driving motor 3 arranged at the top, the rotation of the driving motor 3 can lead the car 2 to do ascending and descending movement on the guide rail frame 1, the driving motor 3 is also provided with a brake, the car 2 is locked at a certain position of the guide rail frame 1 when the brake is closed, the anti-falling safety device 4 is also arranged in the car, the main principle is that the anti-falling safety device is also connected with the rack of the guide rail frame 1 through the gear and is provided with a brake, after the brake of the driving motor 3 of the car 2 fails, the brake is closed when the car 2 falls down to a certain speed, the car stops, an electric control system 5 of the construction elevator can control the driving, usually, the electronic control system 5 will include a frequency converter for driving the motor.
The detection method is executed by a controller in an electric control system, such as a PLC or a frequency converter or other types of controllers. Wherein the controller for controlling the driving motor is operated in a closed-loop vector control mode with encoder feedback or in an open-loop vector control mode without encoder feedback, and the specific steps are as shown in fig. 1:
step 1, controlling the cage to rotate at a speed omega in the empty cage or the cage with any load1Rises at t1The moment reaches the steady speed with the steady speed time t2-t1This time may be set by the controller, and the motor output torque during the steady speed period is recorded as TLoad_NowThe value is the load torque converted from the current weight of the car to the driving motor;
step 2. at t2At the moment, the controller converts the speed control mode of the motor into a torque control mode, and the command value of the torque is 0, namely the motor can not output the torque, and the lift car can not generate any driving force, and at the moment, the lift car only receives the action of gravity and can start to decelerate in the upward direction, and the lift car can start to fall downwards after reaching zero speed;
step 3. at t3At the moment, the brake of the anti-falling safety device starts to act, the speed of the car is changed from increasing to decreasing, and the feedback speed value of the controller or the estimated speed value in the open-loop vector control mode at the moment is recorded as omegaSafe_BrakeThe value is the braking action speed of the current anti-falling safety device;
step 4. at the same time at t3Starting a timer at the moment, and starting to accumulate time until t4Ending timing when the speed of the lift car is zero, wherein the timing time is TSafe_BrakeAnd integrating the current speed according to the following formula to obtain the braking distance of the anti-falling safety device:
DSafe_Brake＝DSafe_Brake+ω·TS(1)
in the formula, DSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking distance, T, of the fall-protection safety deviceSRepresenting the controller sample period, ω represents t3To t4A real-time feedback speed value of a controller in a time interval or a speed estimation value under open-loop vector control; wherein D on the right side of equal signSafe_BrakeThe braking distance of the falling protector at the previous moment is shown, D on the left of the equal signSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking distance of the fall arrest safety device at the present time.
Calculating to obtain the braking torque of the anti-falling safety device:
Figure BDA0002375445690000061
in the formula, TSafe_BrakeRepresenting the braking torque of the fall arrestor, J representing the moment of inertia, being a constant, omegaSafe_BrakeWhen the falling protector starts to act, the feedback speed value of the controller or the estimated speed value under the open-loop vector control, TSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking time, T, of the fall-protection safety deviceLoad_NowA drive motor torque representing a steady speed period;
and 5, calculating the equivalent full-load braking distance of the anti-falling safety device according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002375445690000062
wherein, TMotor_NormalThe torque can be obtained by calculation according to a nameplate of the driving motor and is the rated torque of the motor.
According to the invention, through the above 5 steps, the braking action speed, the braking torque and the equivalent full-load braking distance of the anti-falling safety device can be obtained, and no additional testing tool is needed and the elevator car is fully loaded.
To further optimize the above technical solution, the moment of inertia J is a constant for the constant torque load of the construction hoist and can be calculated from the mechanical design data of the construction hoist, but this is cumbersome, and the following provides a method for calculating the moment of inertia J on the construction hoist site by using the control of the frequency converter, as shown in fig. 3:
step a, driving a motor to rotate to a speed omega1At t1Is constantly stabilized at speed omega1Duration of t2-t1The time can be set as a parameter, and t is read2Torque value at time, denoted as TBASE；
Step b. at t2At the moment, the driving motor is driven to speed ω2Acceleration at t3The acceleration is finished at the moment and is stabilized at the speed omega2At t2To t3During the time period, T is calculated by integration according to the following formulaACCTo t3At the moment, stopAnd (4) calculating.
TACC＝TACC+(TREALTIME-TBASE)·TS(4)
Wherein T isREALTIMEThe torque is output by the motor in real time, and Ts is sampling time of the controller. Wherein, T on the left of equal signACCT representing the integral of the acceleration torque at the present time, right side of the equal signACCThe integral of the acceleration torque at the previous time is shown.
The moment of inertia J is obtained through the formula (4), and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002375445690000071
the torque, the braking action speed and the equivalent full-load braking distance generated when the anti-falling safety device brakes are compared with the initial design index of the anti-falling safety device, and the health state of the anti-falling safety device is further evaluated.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. A method for detecting the performance of an anti-falling safety device of a construction elevator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the controller drives the motor to lift the car at t1Reach steady speed omega constantly1The steady speed time is t2-t1And recording the torque T of the driving motor in the steady speed periodLoad_Now；
Step 2: at t2At the moment, the controller converts the speed control mode of the driving motor into the torque control mode, controls the driving motor not to output any torque, and controls the lift car to start decelerating upwards until t3The falling is started at the moment;
and step 3: at t3At the moment, the controller controls the anti-falling safety device to be opened, and records the closed-loop vector feedback speed value of the controller or the speed estimation value omega under the open-loop vector control at the momentSafe_BrakeThe value is the braking action speed of the anti-falling safety device;
and 4, step 4: at t3The time begins to time until t4Ending timing when the speed of the lift car is zero, wherein the timing time is TSafe_BrakeAnd obtaining the braking distance and the braking torque of the anti-falling safety device, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
DSafe_Brake＝DSafe_Brake+ω·TS(1)
in the formula, DSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking distance, T, of the fall-protection safety deviceSRepresenting the controller sample period, ω represents t3To t4A real-time feedback speed value of a controller in a time interval or a speed estimation value under open-loop vector control;
Figure FDA0002375445680000011
in the formula, TSafe_BrakeRepresenting the braking torque of the fall arrestor, J representing the moment of inertia, being a constant, omegaSafe_BrakeWhen the falling protector starts to act, the feedback speed value of the controller or the estimated speed value under the open-loop vector control, TSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking time, T, of the fall-protection safety deviceLoad_NowA drive motor torque representing a steady speed period;
and 5: obtaining the equivalent full-load braking distance of the anti-falling safety device according to the braking distance of the anti-falling safety device, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002375445680000012
in the formula, DSafe_Brake_FullLoadIndicating the equivalent full-load braking distance, D, of the fall-preventing safety deviceSafe_BrakeIndicating the braking distance, T, of the fall-protection safety deviceLoad_NowDriving motor torque, T, representing steady speed periodMotor_NormalRepresents the rated torque of the drive motor and is constant.
2. The method for detecting the performance of the falling-prevention safety device of the construction hoist as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moment of inertia J is obtained by mechanical design data of the construction hoist or by control calculation of a controller.
3. The method for detecting the performance of the anti-falling safety device of the construction elevator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the moment of inertia J through the control calculation of the controller comprises the following steps:
step a: the controller controls the driving motor at t1Reach steady speed omega constantly1The steady speed time is t2-t1And read t2Torque value T of the drive motor at a timeBASE；
Step b: at t2At the moment, the controller controls the driving motor to accelerate to t3At the end of time when the speed reaches omega2And obtaining the moment of inertia J, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002375445680000021
in the formula, TACCRepresents t2To t3Integral of the acceleration torque over the time period, which is calculated by the formula:
TACC＝TACC+(TREALTIME-TBASE)·TS(5)
in the formula，TREALTIMERepresenting the torque, T, output of the drive motor in real timeBASEIndicates the steady speed t2Torque at time, TSThe controller sample period.
4. The method for detecting the performance of the anti-falling safety device of the construction elevator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is a PLC or a frequency converter.
5. The method for detecting the performance of the falling protector of the construction elevator according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the car is an empty car or a car with any load.
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