CN111264319A

CN111264319A - Buckwheat planting method

Info

Publication number: CN111264319A
Application number: CN202010181784.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马祥; 贾志锋; 刘勇
Original assignee: Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine
Current assignee: Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2020-03-16
Publication date: 2020-06-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a buckwheat planting method, which comprises the following steps: cultivating the land, and compacting the land until the surface soil is compacted; right fertilize and buckwheat seeding in the soil, the back is right according to soil water content the soil is suppressed: if the soil water content of the land reaches more than 25%, covering soil and burying; and if the soil water content of the land is between 15 and 25 percent, performing plane compaction by the weight of 80 to 0kg after covering the soil and burying the soil. According to the buckwheat planting method, the growth habit of buckwheat and the climate specificity of alpine regions are studied, so that the buckwheat planting method is obtained, and particularly, land blocks are pressed after ploughing, fertilizing and sowing so as to achieve the purposes of keeping moisture, fully utilizing fertilizers and avoiding root hanging. By adopting the method to plant the buckwheat in the alpine regions, the yield of the buckwheat is greatly improved by about 22 percent compared with that before optimization, and the method is suitable for large-area popularization in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau regions.

Description

Buckwheat planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a buckwheat planting method.

Background

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) originally originates from China, has a long cultivation history, is an important coarse cereal crop of buckwheat of Polygonaceae, has very high nutritional value, is known as king of five cereals and three-lowering food, and mainly comprises 2 cultivars of common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat. Because the buckwheat grain crop is rich in bioflavonoids (rutin, quercetin and the like) which are not contained in the cereal grain crop, and active functional components such as buckwheat sugar alcohol (D-inositol), polyphenol and the like, the buckwheat grain crop becomes a unique food crop used as both medicine and food, is more and more popular, has continuously expanded market demand, and has great development potential. The buckwheat has the characteristics of drought resistance, barren resistance, short growth period and the like, and the growth characteristics also enable the buckwheat to be planted in mountainous regions or dry lands with poor production conditions, so that the land utilization efficiency can be improved, and the yield and income of local farmers can be increased. Therefore, ensuring the yield and quality of buckwheat has a very important meaning to production practice, which also becomes a core problem of buckwheat cultivation research. The tartary buckwheat nutritional powder has obvious functions of regulating blood sugar and blood fat, protecting health and reducing serum cholesterol. Therefore, the tartary buckwheat is increasingly popular as a health food, and the increase of the yield of the tartary buckwheat has certain significance for the local economic development.

In the prior art, buckwheat in alpine regions is low in yield due to various factors. Because the altitude is higher, the temperature is low throughout the year, and the effective accumulated temperature during the remaining period of crops is lower, firstly, because the growth period of the tartary buckwheat variety is longer, but the temperature difference in a high altitude area is larger, no absolute frost-free period exists, the buckwheat is planted too early, the buckwheat seedlings can be killed by frost, and the buckwheat seedlings cannot be mature after being planted too late; secondly, in the prior art, buckwheat is planted by the experience of planting crops such as wheat, so that the attention degree is not enough, and the development of the buckwheat crop industry is restricted; finally, buckwheat has a long growth period and a low yield, is greatly restricted by climatic factors, can improve the yield by means of variety adaptability, cultivation measures, field management and the like, and is still too low compared with large crops.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a buckwheat planting method, which is used for solving the technical problem of low buckwheat planting yield in the existing alpine region.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a buckwheat planting method, comprising:

cultivating the land, and compacting the land until the surface soil is compacted;

right fertilize and buckwheat seeding in the soil, the back is right according to soil water content the soil is suppressed:

if the soil water content of the land reaches more than 25%, directly covering soil and burying;

and if the soil water content of the land is between 15 and 25 percent, performing plane compaction by the weight of 80 to 0kg after covering the soil and burying the soil.

Through a large number of experiments and researches, the invention discovers that when buckwheat is planted in a severe cold area, in order to ensure the water content of soil, pressing is needed after ploughing, fertilizing and sowing so as to reduce the evaporation of water. And the suppression operation purpose of different stages is also different, and after ploughing, soil is comparatively loose, if not suppress, not only can lead to the moisture in the soil to change the evaporation, can make the soil subside equally, is unfavorable for subsequent planting. After fertilization, land is compacted to be smooth, so that on one hand, the fertilizer and the soil are mixed, and the loss of the fertilizer is reduced; on the other hand, the subsequent marking and buckwheat planting are facilitated. After sowing, the compacting is needed to be adjusted according to the water content of the soil, and the soil with higher water content is only covered with soil and buried; and to the land parcel that the water content is lower then need carry out the plane suppression with 0 ~ 80kg weight after the earthing is buried, corresponding suppression weight is great when the water content is lower. The compacting operation after the seeding can furthest keep the moisture in the soil, and can also make the contact of the seeds and the soil more sufficient, and avoid the phenomenon of hanging the roots.

Further, the buckwheat is sowed in 5-15 days of 5 months;

preferably from 5 months and 9 days to 5 months and 12 days.

The date after the preferred grain rain season of this application is sowed, and in alpine region, generally there is certain rainfall in the grain rain season, and the soil water content of sowing this moment is higher, the growth of suitable buckwheat.

Further, the land is chestnut calcium soil with the previous crop being oat, wheat and/or rape, preferably chestnut calcium soil with the previous crop being wheat.

The selection of the previous crops is important in buckwheat planting. In alpine regions, oats, wheat, oilseed rape and potatoes are all conventional agricultural crops; for buckwheat, the yield of buckwheat can be obviously improved by taking oat, wheat and rape as previous crops.

Further, the weeds on the land and the sundries left by the previous crops are all removed before the land is cultivated.

Further, the fertilization is to apply 4-6 kg/mu of urea, 10-12 kg/mu of diamine and 200-400 kg/mu of organic fertilizer.

Preferably 5 kg/mu of urea, 10 kg/mu of diamine and 200 kg/mu of organic fertilizer.

At present, buckwheat is planted in Qinghai regions according to the process of wheat planting, no system regulation and standard exists, and the optimal fertilizing amount is obtained through experiments: 4-6 kg/mu of urea, 10-12 kg/mu of diamine and 200-400 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, and under the condition, the yield after buckwheat planting is the highest and the lodging rate is the lowest.

And further, ditching is carried out before the buckwheat is sowed, and the depth is 4-5 cm.

Furthermore, the sowing density of the buckwheat is 6-8 ten thousand plants per mu.

Further, the buckwheat is the current variety Heifeng No. 1 or Heqiao No. 1.

Furthermore, in the buckwheat planting process, seeding should be carried out in time after rotary tillage and pressing so as to ensure that the soil is not too compact due to natural sinking and is not beneficial to the growth of the buckwheat. Particularly, the best planting effect can be achieved by 3 days between sowing and farming.

As a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a buckwheat planting method comprising:

(1) planting buckwheat on chestnut calcium soil and sandy loam soil of which the previous crop is oat, wheat or rape, and cleaning sundries on the soil;

(2) deeply turning the land for 20-30cm at the end of the previous year of planting, and then raking and grinding the land to be flat;

(3) mechanically rotary tillage is carried out on the land for 15-20cm in 5-10 days in 5 months, and the land is compacted after harrowing and leveling;

(4) 6-8 kg/mu of urea, 10-12 kg/mu of diamine and 200-400 kg/mu of organic fertilizer are applied to the land, and then the land is harrowed, ground and pressed;

(5) ditching and planting, wherein the seeding density is 6-8 ten thousand plants/mu, the depth of the ditch is 4-5 cm, buckwheat seeds are uniformly scattered into the ditch by a drilling method, and then the land is compacted according to the water content of the soil:

The buckwheat planting method provided by the invention is particularly suitable for planting buckwheat in high and cold areas, wherein the high and cold areas are areas with an altitude of 1000-2800 meters, and are particularly suitable for planting buckwheat in agricultural areas of eastern parts of the Qinghai.

The complete buckwheat planting method provided by the invention is suitable for planting buckwheat in a small range (such as a small district range). When large-area planting of buckwheat is needed, in order to save the flow, fertilization and rotary tillage can be carried out simultaneously.

In the buckwheat planting process in the alpine mountain areas, deep ploughing, drilling and seeding density have obvious influence on the yield of the buckwheat. Firstly, deep ploughing can keep soil permeability, and can play a remarkable role in increasing yield and increasing efficiency for most crops. Secondly, the existing sowing mode is multi-purpose sowing drill seeding, and compared with the sowing mode, the yield of buckwheat after drill seeding is higher. Finally, the seeding density plays a more critical role in the planting process, yield is reduced due to the fact that the seeding density is too high and easy to fall down, and the yield is low due to the fact that the density is too low, so that for buckwheat, the optimal row spacing of seeding is 35cm, and the highest yield can be achieved.

In the aspect of buckwheat planting, the aim of greatly improving the buckwheat yield in the alpine region can be fulfilled by combining all the measures, so that the buckwheat yield in the alpine region is generally improved by more than 20%.

The invention provides a buckwheat planting method, which has the following beneficial effects:

according to the method, the buckwheat growth habit and the climate in alpine regions are optimized, a set of buckwheat planting method is obtained through research, and previous crops are selected to be the land for dry farming crops such as oat, rape and wheat for planting; the permeability of the soil is improved by deep ploughing, rotary tillage and other operations, and the soil is compacted to different degrees after rotary tillage, fertilization and sowing so as to keep higher soil moisture content; the base fertilizer is a combination of a conventional chemical fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, so that soil organic matters are increased; the optimum density degree is ensured by adopting a proper amount of seeding quantity; the seeds are sowed in a proper sowing period, so that the aim of reducing or avoiding frost typhoid is fulfilled, and the yield of the buckwheat in the alpine region is improved to a greater extent. Compared with the conventional non-optimized process, the yield of the buckwheat is improved by about 22 percent, and the buckwheat cultivation method is suitable for being popularized in the Tibet plateau area in a large area.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The buckwheat variety used in the following examples was heifeng No. 1.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a buckwheat planting method, which comprises the following steps:

selecting 10 mu of sandy loam planted with oats in the previous season, leveling the terrain, mechanically deeply ploughing the harvested oats by about 20-30cm, harrowing and grinding to level the plots and keep the soil permeability, cleaning impurities of the plots after planting for 5 months and 8 days, applying base fertilizer for 9 days, mechanically rotary tillage (about 15-20cm) to level the plots after harrowing and grinding, compacting the surface soil, mechanically drilling for 5 months and 10 days, deeply sowing for 3-5cm in furrow, covering soil and compacting, and sowing for about 2-3kg per mu. After the method is adopted, the yield per mu is 180kg on average, which is 30kg higher than the conventional 147 kg.

The soil covering and compacting after the mechanical drill is performed according to the moisture content of the soil, and in this embodiment, the soil is compacted in a plane by 50 kg because the moisture content of the soil is about 18%.

The conventional seeding is a process for planting buckwheat by farmers at home, and the common buckwheat planting process is as follows:

the previous crop is 2 mu of rape, the fertilizer is 3 square/mu of farmyard manure, the urea is 10kg and the diamine is 10 kg/mu, the sowing amount is about 5kg, and the average yield per mu is 147 kg.

Example 2

selecting 5 mu of sandy loam planted with wheat in the previous season, leveling the terrain, mechanically and deeply ploughing for about 20-30cm after harvesting the wheat, keeping soil permeability, harrowing and grinding to level the land, cleaning impurities on the land in 5 months and 9 days after planting, applying base fertilizer in 10 days, mechanically rotary tillage for about 200kg of organic fertilizer, mechanically rotary tillage for about 15-20cm, pressing to level the land after harrowing and grinding, compacting surface soil, mechanically drilling for 5 months and 10 days, making the furrow depth for 3-5cm, covering soil and pressing, and sowing for about 2-3kg per mu. After the method is adopted, the yield per mu is 178kg on average, and is 37kg higher than the conventional 141 kg.

The operation of covering soil and compacting after the mechanical drill was the same as in example 1.

Example 3

selecting 5 mu of sandy loam planted with rape in the previous season, leveling the terrain, mechanically deeply ploughing the harvested rape by about 20-30cm, keeping soil permeability, carrying out rake grinding to level the land, cleaning impurities of the land in 5-month and 12-day planting, applying base fertilizer in 15-day planting, mechanically rotary tillage by about 200kg of organic fertilizer, mechanically rotary tillage by about 15-20cm, pressing to level the land after rake grinding, compacting surface soil, mechanically drilling in 16-month and 5-day, deeply sowing by 3-5cm, covering soil and pressing, and sowing by about 2-3kg per mu. After-weighing is adopted, the yield per mu is 172kg on average, which is 30kg higher than the conventional 142 kg.

Example 4

the previous crop is 3 mu of oat, the terrain is flat, the oat is mechanically turned deeply by about 20-30cm after being harvested, the soil permeability is kept, the land is raked and ground, the land is made flat, sundries are cleaned in 5-month and 7-day planting, base fertilizer application (5 kg of urea, 10kg of diamine and 200 kg/mu of organic fertilizer) is carried out in 5-month and 8-day planting, the land is mechanically rotary tilled (about 15-20cm), the raking and grinding are carried out, 2 mu of land is pressed after the raking and grinding to be flat, the surface soil is compacted, treatment A and treatment B are carried out, and treatment C is carried out if 1 mu of land is not pressed. Mechanically drilling in 5 months and 9 days, wherein the depth of a furrow is 3-5cm, covering soil, and compacting (compacting a land block by a plane with the weight of 50 kg) one acre of 2 acres of AB to obtain a treated soil A, and compacting the unpressed soil B to obtain 2-3kg of seeds per acre. The other cultivation measures are all unified field management measures, the final treatment yield A is 177kg, the treatment yield B is 154kg, and the treatment yield C is 139 kg.

Example 5

the previous crops are oat, wheat and rape, the contrast is previous crops, namely potato, the terrain is flat, the plot is cleaned from sundries in 5 months and 9 days after planting, the mechanical rotary tillage (about 15-20cm) is carried out on the plot in 5 months and 10 days after planting (5 kg of urea, 10kg of diamine and 200 kg/mu of organic fertilizer), the raking and grinding are carried out to be smooth, the soil permeability is kept, the mechanical drilling is carried out in 5 months and 11 days, the furrow depth is 3-5cm, the soil is covered, the plot is pressed (the plot is pressed by 50 kg of weight plane), and about 2-3kg of plot is sowed per mu. The other cultivation measures are all unified field management measures, the yield of oat of the previous crop is 188 kg/mu (lodging rate of 21%), the yield of wheat of the previous crop is 174 kg/mu (lodging rate of 22%), the yield of rape of the previous crop is 136 kg/mu (lodging rate of 48%), and the yield of potato of the previous crop is 108 kg/mu (lodging rate of 90%).

Example 6

the previous crops are oats, the terrain is flat, sundries are cleaned on the land blocks after 5 months and 7 days of planting, base fertilizer application (5 kilograms of urea and 10 kilograms of diamine organic fertilizer are 200 kilograms per mu) is carried out for 1 in 5 months and 8 days, mechanical rotary tillage (about 15-20cm) is carried out by using ck (5 kilograms of urea and 10 kilograms of diamine) as contrast, the land blocks are leveled after harrowing and grinding, the surface soil is compacted, mechanical strip sowing is carried out in 5 months and 8 days, the depth of a ditch is 3-5cm, soil covering and pressing (the land blocks are pressed by using 50 kilograms of plane), and about 2-3kg of seeds are sowed per mu. The other cultivation measures are all unified field management measures, the treatment yield is 191 kg/mu, and the contrast ck yield is 158 kg/mu.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A buckwheat planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The buckwheat planting method according to claim 1, wherein the buckwheat seeding is performed in 5-15 days of 5 months.

3. The buckwheat planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the land is chestnut calcium soil of which previous crop is oat, wheat and/or rape, preferably chestnut calcium soil of which previous crop is wheat.

4. The method for growing buckwheat according to claim 3, wherein the weeds on the land and the impurities left by the previous crops are all removed before the cultivation of the land.

5. The buckwheat planting method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fertilizer application is 4 to 6 kg/mu urea, 10 to 12 kg/mu diamine and 200 to 400 kg/mu organic fertilizer.

6. The buckwheat planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein furrowing is performed to a depth of 4 to 5cm before the buckwheat is sowed.

7. The buckwheat planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the density of buckwheat seeding is 6 to 8 ten thousand plants/mu.

8. The buckwheat planting method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the buckwheat is selected from the current variety Heifeng No. 1 or Heqiao No. 1.

9. The buckwheat planting method of claim 1, comprising:

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for buckwheat cultivation in alpine regions, wherein the alpine regions are regions with an altitude of 1000 to 2800 meters.