CN111264277A - Method for quickly forming garden by tea seedlings - Google Patents

Method for quickly forming garden by tea seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111264277A
CN111264277A CN202010193447.0A CN202010193447A CN111264277A CN 111264277 A CN111264277 A CN 111264277A CN 202010193447 A CN202010193447 A CN 202010193447A CN 111264277 A CN111264277 A CN 111264277A
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tea
planting
garden
row
seedlings
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CN111264277B (en
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陈佳
覃秀菊
韦持章
陈国帅
覃榆茏
李婷
韦美婵
陈家富
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Guangxi Lyuyi Camellia Sinensis Breeding Co ltd
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Guangxi Lyuyi Camellia Sinensis Breeding Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00Forestry
    • A01G23/02Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly forming a garden for tea seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of tea tree planting. The method for quickly forming the garden by the tea seedlings comprises the following steps: step 1: d, tea garden reclamation; step 2: applying a base fertilizer; and step 3: irrigating the planting ditch; and 4, step 4: lifting seedlings; and 5: tea seedling serous fluid root; step 6: planting tea seedlings; and 7: pouring root fixing water and covering soil; and 8: shaping and trimming. The method for quickly forming the tea seedlings into the garden can solve the technical problems of quick forming and quick putting in production of young tea gardens, and can form the garden at least 2-3 years earlier than the prior art, the putting in production is quick, and the fund returns quickly; and secondly, the production cost and the labor cost of the young tea garden can be reduced, and the economic benefit of the tea garden is improved.

Description

Method for quickly forming garden by tea seedlings
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for quickly forming a garden for tea seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of tea tree planting.
Background
The method for forming the tea seedling garden in the prior art generally adopts single-row double-plant, single-row single-plant, double-row double-plant and double-row single-plant planting. The main defects are as follows: (1) the single row double plants and the single row single plants are generally put into production at 3-foot age, and the orchard forming speed is slow, and the tree width is 1.3m-1.4 m. (2) The small row spacing of double-row double plants and double-row single plants can be reached after 2-year-old growth, and the production is carried out in the third year; the large row spacing can grow to be full of the sealed rows within 4-5 years, and the tree width is 1.4-1.5 m.
In addition, the double-row and double-plant planting method usually adopts the outer plant branch pressing in the second year of planting to accelerate the row closing speed of large row spacing, and although the row closing can be performed within 3 years, the method has the defects of increasing raw material and labor cost and preventing daily field care (such as weeding, farming, ditching, fertilizing and the like).
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a planting method that is cost-effective, easy to care, and capable of forming a garden quickly, so as to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for quickly forming a garden on tea seedlings. The method for quickly forming the tea seedlings into the garden can solve the technical problems of quick forming and quick putting in production of young tea gardens, and can form the garden at least 2-3 years earlier than the prior art, the putting in production is quick, and the fund returns quickly; and secondly, the production cost and the labor cost of the young tea garden can be reduced, and the economic benefit of the tea garden is improved.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for quickly forming a garden on tea seedlings comprises the following steps:
step 1: reclamation of tea garden
Cleaning and soil preparation are carried out on a tea garden, a plurality of planting ditches are excavated, the cross section of each planting ditch is an inverted trapezoid with an opening at the top end, the inverted trapezoid comprises a bottom edge and two trapezoid walls, and surface soil and core soil which are excavated are separately placed;
step 2: base fertilizer application
Applying base fertilizer to the bottom edge of the planting ditch, and covering a layer of surface soil;
and step 3: irrigation in planting ditch
1-2 days before the tea seedlings are planted, thoroughly drenching the planting ditches;
and 4, step 4: lifting seedlings
Before 2 months, the tea seedlings are lifted with soil balls;
and 5: root of tea seedling
Placing the root of the tea seedling in the serous fluid for 1-3 min, taking out, and placing in shade to obtain tea seedling after serous;
step 6: tea seedling planting
The method adopts a four-row single-plant planting mode, the row spacing and the plant spacing are both 20cm, and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting tea seedlings with the height of more than 25cm and the thickness of more than 0.4cm, which are rooted in the step 5, and planting the tea seedlings in a row on the outer side along the direction parallel to the two ladder walls respectively; selecting tea seedlings with the height of more than 20cm and the thickness of more than 0.3cm, which are rooted in the step 5, and planting two lines in the middle;
after planting, covering a layer of subsoil on the base of each tea seedling, and then compacting;
and 7: pouring root water and covering soil
Drenching root fixing water thoroughly, and covering with a layer of subsoil;
and 8: shaping pruning
Trimming four rows of tea seedlings, keeping the tops of the tea seedlings flush, and keeping the first leaf below the cut of the two rows of tea seedlings at the outer side as an outward bud leaf.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
in the step 1 of the invention, the planting ditch is dug into an inverted trapezoid, and 2 rows of tea seedlings are obliquely planted on the two trapezoid walls during the subsequent planting of the tea seedlings without manual branch pressing. Therefore, the cost and labor cost of raw materials such as wood piles, iron wires and the like used for manual branch pressing are reduced; secondly, the tea seedlings are planted on the wall of the ladder, so that the tea seedlings grow more stably, and meanwhile, the peripheral space of the planting ditch can be utilized to achieve the purpose of fast sealing, so that the fast garden forming can be realized.
The dug surface soil and core soil are separately placed, the subsequent surface soil is used for covering the base fertilizer, and the core soil is used for covering the base of the tea seedling, so that the tea seedling planting method has the following effects: firstly, because the surface soil is weathered for years, the soil structure is better and the fertility is higher, and the root system grows downwards, so that the root system can absorb more nutrients, and the tea seedling fast growth is promoted; secondly, because the surface layer contains part of dry branches and fallen leaves, after the dry branches and fallen leaves are embedded into the bottom layer, the dry branches and fallen leaves can increase the soil permeability and the content of organic matters; thirdly, because the topsoil contains more grass seeds, germs and insect eggs, the occurrence of weed damage and plant diseases and insect pests in the next year can be reduced after the topsoil is buried into the bottom layer; and fourthly, as the soil horizon has less germs, fewer ova and less grass seeds, the tea seedling root system is covered with the soil horizon, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and weed damage in the next year can be reduced.
In step 3 of the method, if the rain-free weather occurs, the planting ditches are drenched in 1-2 days before planting, so that sufficient water in the planting ditches can be ensured. If the plants run into dry weather after planting, the moisture in the planting ditch can ensure that the roots are wet around, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the roots and ensuring the planting survival rate.
In step 4 of the method, if drought weather occurs, the tea seedlings are fully drenched once a day before the seedlings are lifted, so that the seedlings are easy to lift, and the roots are prevented from being broken; secondly, partial soil can be partially formed, and the root system is kept healthy; and secondly, the roots, branches and leaves can absorb saturated water, so that the respiration of the tea seedlings in the transportation process can be effectively ensured without water loss and wilting, and a good foundation is laid for providing the planting survival rate.
In step 5 of the invention, the root pulp is carried out before the tea seedlings are planted, because the soil carried by the original root system falls off in the processes of transportation, loading, unloading and the like. After the tea seedlings are planted in the root pulping process, the water and nutrients required by the tea seedlings can be effectively guaranteed, and an important guarantee is provided for improving the planting survival rate.
In step 6 of the invention, after the tea seedlings are planted, the tea seedlings look like a double Chinese character 'pin' or a double spring type in a overlooking way; the cross section looks like an inverted trapezoid or a treasure bowl. The planting mode has the advantages that: firstly, each tea seedling can be uniformly distributed in occupied space, and the space is effectively utilized; secondly, the small line spacing is enlarged; thirdly, the tea seedlings planted close to the two ladder walls grow outwards in an inclined mode, the large line spacing is reduced, and the line sealing is easy; and fourthly, axillary buds of all parts of the tea seedling branches planted close to the two terraces are beneficial to light receiving and rapid germination by utilizing space, and rapid garden formation is promoted.
When the tea seedlings are planted in the step 6, a layer of subsoil with the thickness of 8cm-12cm is covered on the base parts of the tea seedlings, and then the subsoil is compacted. In the step 7 of the invention, the root fixing water is thoroughly sprayed, and then a layer of subsoil with the thickness of 4cm-6cm is covered without compaction, so that the lower part and the upper part of the root of the tea seedling can be loosened to form a shallow concave shape. When raining or drought, the method is favorable for water and fertilizer conservation, improves the survival rate and ensures the normal growth of the nursery stock.
In the step 8 of the invention, each tea seedling is pruned, so that the tea seedling has apical dominance after germination, namely the growth of the apical bud can inhibit the lateral bud germination and the lateral branch growth. This is because the meristematic tissue of the apical bud is more active and can acquire more nutrients, while the meristematic activity of the apical bud produces a large amount of polar transport of auxin to the lateral bud and acts in combination with cytokinins from the root to inhibit the growth of the lateral bud. The smaller the branch angle is, the more the tea tree is upright at 20-30 degrees, and the stronger the top end advantage is; the greater the angle of branching, which is typically 40 ° -50 ° open tea, the weaker the apical dominance. Therefore, each tea seedling needs to be pruned, and the germination rate of lateral buds can be promoted in all directions.
Meanwhile, in the step 6 of the invention, two rows of the outer sides of each planting ditch are planted obliquely outwards, so that the angle and the space of lateral buds at the branch tips are artificially increased, and the lateral buds are all provided with sufficient sunlight, thereby promoting the rapid growth of the lateral buds and achieving the purpose of rapidly forming a garden.
In addition, the first leaf below the cut is kept as an outward bud leaf growing outwards because the buds and leaves on the branch tips of the first leaf are intergrowth, the distance between every two buds and leaves is 2cm-4cm, and the first leaf is provided with an inward bud leaf and an outward bud leaf. When the shaping is pruned, if keep an outside bud leaf by the outside, every leaf all has about 10cm, and the young sprout that grows after the armpit of outside leaf sprouts also will be towards the outside, just so do benefit to and occupy the space in the outside fast, expand the crown fast, become the garden fast.
In conclusion, the method adopts the measures, firstly, the technical problems of fast garden formation and fast production of the young tea garden can be solved, compared with the prior art, the garden is formed at least 2-3 years ahead, the production is fast, and the fund returns quickly; and secondly, the production cost and the labor cost of the young tea garden can be reduced, and the economic benefit of the tea garden is improved.
The method for quickly forming the garden by the tea seedlings has the beneficial effects that:
the method for quickly forming the tea seedlings into the garden can solve the technical problems of quick forming and quick putting in production of young tea gardens, and can form the garden at least 2-3 years earlier than the prior art, the putting in production is quick, and the fund returns quickly; and secondly, the production cost and the labor cost of the young tea garden can be reduced, and the economic benefit of the tea garden is improved.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in the step 1, the row spacing between the adjacent planting furrows is 145cm-150cm, the depth of each planting furrow is 30cm-50cm, the two ladder walls are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at the two ends of the bottom edge respectively, the included angle α between the bottom edge and the ladder walls is 40-50 degrees, and the length of the bottom edge is 60cm-65 cm.
Further, in the step 2, the base fertilizer is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer; the thickness of the surface soil is 18cm-22 cm.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: after the tea seedlings take root, sufficient nutrients are continuously supplied to the root system for absorption, the growth requirement of the overground part is promoted, and the rapid garden formation is promoted.
Further, it hasThe organic fertilizer is any one of a copper seed bran fertilizer, a rapeseed bran fertilizer, a peanut bran fertilizer and a farmyard manure, wherein the application amount of the copper seed bran fertilizer is 400kg/667m2The application amount of the rapeseed bran fertilizer is 300kg/667m2The application amount of the peanut bran fertilizer is 200kg/667m2The application amount of the farmyard manure is 1000kg/667m2(ii) a In the compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are all 15%, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50kg/667m2
The compound fertilizer can be purchased from China-Arabic chemical fertilizers, Inc., and the specification is 50 kg/bag; or from Strobilanthes chemical, Inc. with a specification of 50 kg/bag; or can be purchased from Hubei Yangfeng group with the specification of 50 kg/bag.
Further, in the step 4, the height of the tea seedling is 23cm-50cm, and the thickness is 0.3cm-0.5 cm.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the tea seedlings adopting the parameters are more beneficial to subsequent growth and survival.
Further, in step 5, the root-starch solution is prepared from the following raw materials: 50kg of yellow mud, 50kg of water, 1kg of high-molecular water-absorbing resin, 0.002kg of rooting powder, 0.25kg of glucose and 0.3kg of 75 vol% alcohol.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the yellow mud has viscosity; the high molecular water-absorbing resin has strong adsorption and water retention, the rooting powder is rich in various elements for promoting rooting, the glucose promotes the formation of rooting, the 75 vol% alcohol has permeability, and the water and the nutrients in the rooting pulp are promoted to be quickly absorbed by root system cells, so that the root system is promoted to sprout new roots. The root-pulping liquid can effectively ensure the water and nutrient needed by the tea seedling, and provides an important guarantee for improving the planting survival rate.
Furthermore, the effective component of the high molecular water-absorbing resin is polyacrylic acid sodium salt resin, and the particle size is less than or equal to 60 meshes.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: a Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) is a typical functional Polymer material. It can absorb hundreds of times, even thousands of times its own weight of water and has a strong water-retaining capacity, so it is also called super absorbent or high water-retaining agent.
Furthermore, the rooting powder is a mixed agent compounded by naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, wherein the naphthylacetic acid accounts for 20% by mass, and the indoleacetic acid accounts for 30% by mass.
The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: the rooting powder with the components can strengthen and regulate the content of endogenous hormones and the activity of enzyme of plants, promote the synthesis of macromolecules, induce the morphogenesis of adventitious roots and achieve the aim of improving the survival rate of nursery stocks.
The rooting powder can be purchased in the market, such as ABT rooting powder No. 3, which can be purchased from Beijing Aibibidi Biotech limited.
Further, in step 6, the thickness of the subsoil is 8cm-12 cm.
Further, in step 7, the thickness of the subsoil is 4cm-6 cm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a planting trench in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a four-row single-plant planting method is adopted;
in the drawings, the reference numerals have the following meanings:
1. bottom edge, 2, ladder wall, 3, tea seedling, 4, surface soil, 5, core soil, 6 and base fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following detailed drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The rooting powder used in the examples is commercially available, for example, from abbott biotechnology limited, beijing, under the specification ABT No. 3.
The compound fertilizer used in the embodiment can be purchased in the market, for example, the compound fertilizer can be purchased from China-Arabic chemical fertilizers, Inc., and the specification is 50 kg/bag; or from Strobilanthes chemical, Inc. with a specification of 50 kg/bag; or can be purchased from Hubei Yangfeng group with the specification of 50 kg/bag.
Example 1:
with reference to fig. 1, the method for quickly forming a garden by tea seedlings of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: reclamation of tea garden
Cleaning and soil preparation are carried out on a tea garden, a plurality of planting ditches are excavated, the row spacing between every two adjacent planting ditches is 145cm-150cm, the cross section of each planting ditch is an inverted trapezoid with an open top end and comprises a bottom edge 1 and two step walls 2, the two step walls 2 are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at two ends of the bottom edge 1 respectively, the included angle α between the bottom edge 1 and the step walls 2 is 40-50 degrees, the length of the bottom edge 1 is 60cm-65cm, and the excavated surface soil 4 and the core soil 5 are separately placed.
Step 2: base fertilizer application
Applying a base fertilizer 6 to the bottom edge 1 of the planting ditch, wherein the base fertilizer 6 is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer; and covering a layer of the surface soil 4 with the thickness of 18 cm. The organic fertilizer is copper seed bran fertilizer, and the application amount is 400kg/667m2(ii) a In the compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are all 15%, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50kg/667m2
And step 3: irrigation in planting ditch
Selecting tea seedlings 3 with the height of 23cm-50cm and the thickness of 0.3cm-0.5cm, and thoroughly spraying the planting ditches 1-2 days before the tea seedlings 3 are planted.
And 4, step 4: lifting seedlings
And (4) taking out the tea seedlings 3 with soil balls before 2 months.
And 5: root of tea seedling
And (3) placing the root of the tea seedling 3 in the serous root solution, taking out the tea seedling after 1min of serous root, and placing the tea seedling in a shade place to obtain the tea seedling 3 after serous root. The root-pulping liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 50kg of yellow mud, 50kg of water, 1kg of high-molecular water-absorbing resin, 0.002kg of rooting powder, 0.25kg of glucose and 0.3kg of 75 vol% alcohol. The active ingredient of the high molecular water-absorbing resin is polyacrylic acid sodium salt resin, and the particle size is less than or equal to 60 meshes. The rooting powder is a mixed agent compounded by naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, wherein the naphthylacetic acid accounts for 20% by mass, and the indoleacetic acid accounts for 30% by mass.
Step 6: tea seedling planting
The method adopts a four-row single-plant planting mode, the row spacing and the plant spacing are both 20cm, and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting tea seedlings 3 with the root pulped in the step 5 and with the height of more than 25cm and the thickness of more than 0.4cm, and planting the tea seedlings in one row on the outer side along the direction parallel to the two ladder walls 2 respectively; and (3) selecting the tea seedlings 3 with the pulp roots in the step (5) and the height of more than 20cm and the thickness of more than 0.3cm, and planting two lines in the middle.
After planting, covering a layer of heart soil 5 with the thickness of 8cm on the base of each tea seedling, and then compacting;
and 8: pouring root water and covering soil
The root fixing water is drenched through the soil, and then a layer of heart soil 5 with the thickness of 4cm is covered on the soil.
And step 9: shaping pruning
Pruning four rows of tea seedlings 3, keeping the tops of the tea seedlings 3 flush, and keeping the first leaf below the cut of the two rows of tea seedlings 3 at the outer side as an outward bud leaf.
Example 2:
with reference to fig. 1, the method for quickly forming a garden by tea seedlings of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: reclamation of tea garden
Cleaning and soil preparation are carried out on a tea garden, a plurality of planting ditches are excavated, the row spacing between every two adjacent planting ditches is 145cm-150cm, the cross section of each planting ditch is an inverted trapezoid with an open top end and comprises a bottom edge 1 and two step walls 2, the two step walls 2 are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at two ends of the bottom edge 1 respectively, the included angle α between the bottom edge 1 and the step walls 2 is 40-50 degrees, the length of the bottom edge 1 is 60cm-65cm, and the excavated surface soil 4 and the core soil 5 are separately placed.
Step 2: base fertilizer application
Applying a base fertilizer 6 to the bottom edge 1 of the planting ditch, wherein the base fertilizer 6 is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer; and covering the surface soil 4 with the thickness of 20 cm. The organic fertilizer is a mixture of rapeseed bran fertilizer, peanut bran fertilizer and farmyard manure, wherein the application amount of the rapeseed bran fertilizer is 300kg/667m2The application amount of the peanut bran fertilizer is 200kg/667m2What is, what isThe application amount of the farmyard manure is 1000kg/667m2(ii) a In the compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are all 15%, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50kg/667m2
And step 3: irrigation in planting ditch
Selecting tea seedlings 3 with the height of 23cm-50cm and the thickness of 0.3cm-0.5cm, and thoroughly spraying the planting ditches 1-2 days before the tea seedlings 3 are planted.
And 4, step 4: lifting seedlings
And (4) taking out the tea seedlings 3 with soil balls before 2 months.
And 5: root of tea seedling
And (3) placing the root of the tea seedling 3 in the serous root solution, taking out the tea seedling after 2min of serous root, and placing the tea seedling in a shade place to obtain the tea seedling 3 after serous root. The root-pulping liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 50kg of yellow mud, 50kg of water, 1kg of high-molecular water-absorbing resin, 0.002kg of rooting powder, 0.25kg of glucose and 0.3kg of 75 vol% alcohol. The active ingredient of the high molecular water-absorbing resin is polyacrylic acid sodium salt resin, and the particle size is less than or equal to 60 meshes. The rooting powder is a mixed agent compounded by naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, wherein the naphthylacetic acid accounts for 20% by mass, and the indoleacetic acid accounts for 30% by mass.
Step 6: tea seedling planting
The method adopts a four-row single-plant planting mode, the row spacing and the plant spacing are both 20cm, and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting tea seedlings 3 with the root pulped in the step 5 and with the height of more than 25cm and the thickness of more than 0.4cm, and planting the tea seedlings in one row on the outer side along the direction parallel to the two ladder walls 2 respectively; selecting the tea seedlings 3 with the root pulped in the step 5 and the height of more than 20cm and the thickness of more than 0.3cm, and planting two lines in the middle;
after planting, covering a layer of subsoil 5 with the thickness of 8cm-12cm on the base of each tea seedling, and then compacting;
and 8: pouring root water and covering soil
The root fixing water is drenched through the soil, and then a layer of heart soil 5 with the thickness of 5cm is covered on the soil.
And step 9: shaping pruning
Pruning four rows of tea seedlings 3, keeping the tops of the tea seedlings 3 flush, and keeping the first leaf below the cut of the two rows of tea seedlings 3 at the outer side as an outward bud leaf.
Example 3:
with reference to fig. 1, the method for quickly forming a garden by tea seedlings of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: reclamation of tea garden
Cleaning and soil preparation are carried out on a tea garden, a plurality of planting ditches are excavated, the row spacing between every two adjacent planting ditches is 145cm-150cm, the cross section of each planting ditch is an inverted trapezoid with an open top end and comprises a bottom edge 1 and two step walls 2, the two step walls 2 are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at two ends of the bottom edge 1 respectively, the included angle α between the bottom edge 1 and the step walls 2 is 40-50 degrees, the length of the bottom edge 1 is 60cm-65cm, and the excavated surface soil 4 and the core soil 5 are separately placed.
Step 2: base fertilizer application
Applying a base fertilizer 6 to the bottom edge 1 of the planting ditch, wherein the base fertilizer 6 is a mixture of an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer; and covering the surface soil 4 with the thickness of 22 cm. The organic fertilizer is rapeseed bran fertilizer and peanut bran fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the rapeseed bran fertilizer is 300kg/667m2The application amount of the peanut bran fertilizer is 200kg/667m2(ii) a In the compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are all 15%, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50kg/667m2
And step 3: irrigation in planting ditch
Selecting tea seedlings 3 with the height of 23cm-50cm and the thickness of 0.3cm-0.5cm, and thoroughly spraying the planting ditches 1-2 days before the tea seedlings 3 are planted.
And 4, step 4: lifting seedlings
And (4) taking out the tea seedlings 3 with soil balls before 2 months.
And 5: root of tea seedling
And (3) placing the root of the tea seedling 3 in the serous root solution, taking out the tea seedling after the serous root solution is rooted for 3min, and placing the tea seedling in a shade place to obtain the tea seedling 3 after the serous root solution is rooted. The root-pulping liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 50kg of yellow mud, 50kg of water, 1kg of high-molecular water-absorbing resin, 0.002kg of rooting powder, 0.25kg of glucose and 0.3kg of 75 vol% alcohol. The active ingredient of the high molecular water-absorbing resin is polyacrylic acid sodium salt resin, and the particle size is less than or equal to 60 meshes. The rooting powder is a mixed agent compounded by naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, wherein the naphthylacetic acid accounts for 20% by mass, and the indoleacetic acid accounts for 30% by mass.
Step 6: tea seedling planting
The method adopts a four-row single-plant planting mode, the row spacing and the plant spacing are both 20cm, and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting tea seedlings 3 with the root pulped in the step 5 and with the height of more than 25cm and the thickness of more than 0.4cm, and planting the tea seedlings in one row on the outer side along the direction parallel to the two ladder walls 2 respectively; selecting the tea seedlings 3 with the root pulped in the step 5 and the height of more than 20cm and the thickness of more than 0.3cm, and planting two lines in the middle;
after planting, covering a layer of subsoil 5 with the thickness of 12cm on the base of each tea seedling, and then compacting;
and 7: pouring root water and covering soil
Drenching root fixing water thoroughly, and then covering a layer of heart soil 5 with the thickness of 6 cm;
and 8: shaping pruning
Pruning four rows of tea seedlings 3, keeping the tops of the tea seedlings 3 flush, and keeping the first leaf below the cut of the two rows of tea seedlings 3 at the outer side as an outward bud leaf.
Examples of the experiments
Different planting methods (single-row single plant, single-row double plant, double-row single plant and double-row double plant layering in the prior art and the four-row single plant method of the invention) are respectively adopted for tea seedling planting, and then the comparison of the technical effects is carried out, specifically as follows:
1. planting specification
① single row single plant 1.4m × 0.2m, ② single row double plant 1.4m × 0.3m, ③ double row single plant 1.5m × 0.5m × 0.2m, ④ double row double plant layering 1.5m × 0.5m × 0.3m, ⑤ four rows single plant 1.5m × 0.2m × 0.2 m.
After planting, the large row spacing is 1.4m for ① single-row single plants, 1.4m for ② single-row double plants, 1m for ③ double-row single plants, 1m for ④ double-row double-plant branches and 0.5m for ⑤ four-row single plants.
2. Height of planting
① single-row single plants 20cm-25cm, ② single-row double-plant 20cm-25cm, ③ double-row single plants 20cm-25cm, ④ double-row double-plant branch pressing 20cm-25cm, ⑤ four-row single plants 23cm-25cm in the outer two rows and 13cm-15cm in the middle two rows.
Therefore, the planting height of the four-row single plant is 7cm-10cm lower than that of the single-row single plant, single-row double plants, double-row single plant and double-row double-plant layering planting method.
3. Planting quantity per mu and cost
① single line 2382 strain × 0.3 yuan/strain 7146 yuan, ② single line double strain 3176 strain × 0.3 yuan/strain 952.8 yuan, ③ double line single strain 4447 strain × 0.3 yuan/strain 1334 yuan, ④ double line double strain press branch 5928 strain × 0.3 yuan/strain + 600 yuan/strain 2378 yuan, ⑤ four line single strain 8893 strain × 0.3 yuan/strain 2667.9 yuan.
Therefore, the income is increased by 1954 yuan by adopting the planting method of four rows of single plants of the invention compared with the planting method of single row of single plants; compared with a single-row double-plant planting method, the income is increased by 1715 yuan; compared with a double-row single-plant planting method, the income is increased by 1334 yuan; compared with a planting method adopting double rows and double plants for layering, the income is increased by 890 yuan.
4. Planting shape (Angle)
① single-row plants are planted vertically on the ground, ② single-row double-plant plants are planted vertically on the ground, ③ double-row plants are planted vertically on the ground, ④ double-row double-plant branches are planted vertically on the ground, the branches are pressed at an angle of 40-50 degrees outwards in the second year, and ⑤ four rows of single-plant plants are planted at a middle two-row vertical position on the ground and at an angle of 40-50 degrees outwards in the outer two rows.
5. Land reclamation and labor cost
① single-row single plants 600 yuan/mu, ② single-row double plants 600 yuan/mu, ③ double-row single plants 1200 yuan/mu, ④ double-row double-plant pressing branches 600 yuan/mu and 700 yuan/mu which is 1900 yuan/mu, ⑤ four-row single plants 1500 yuan/mu.
Therefore, the planting method of the four-row single plants has the cost higher than that of the planting method of the single plant in a single row by 900 yuan/mu; the cost is 900 yuan/mu higher than that of the planting method adopting single row and double plants; the cost is 300 yuan/mu higher than that of a double-row single-plant planting method; compared with a planting method adopting double rows and double plants for layering, the cost is lower by 400 yuan/mu.
6. Tree breadth of one foot age
① single-row single plant 22cm, ② single-row double-plant 28cm, ③ double-row single plant 45cm, ④ double-row double-plant layering 61cm and ⑤ four-row single plant 151 cm.
Therefore, the tree width is 129cm by adopting the four-row single plant planting method of the invention compared with the single-row single plant planting method; compared with a single-row double-plant planting method, the tree width is 123 cm; compared with a double-row single-plant planting method, the tree width is 106 cm; compared with a planting method adopting double rows and double plants for pressing branches, the tree width is 90 cm.
7. Tree breadth of two feet
① single-row single plant 45cm, ② single-row double-plant 53cm, ③ double-row single plant 69cm, ④ double-row double-plant branch pressing 141cm and ⑤ four-row single plant 160 cm.
Therefore, the tree width is 115cm by adopting the four-row single plant planting method of the invention compared with the single-row single plant planting method; compared with a single-row double-plant planting method, the tree width is 107 cm; compared with a double-row single-plant planting method, the tree width is 91 cm; compared with a planting method adopting double-row double-plant layering, the tree width is 19 cm.
8. Biological yield of one foot of age
① single-row single plants 22.8 kg/mu, ② single-row double plants 30.6 kg/mu, ③ double-row single plants 43.1 kg/mu, ④ double-row double-plant layering 57.6 kg/mu and ⑤ four-row single plants 89.9 kg/mu.
Therefore, at the end of the first annual growth period, the yield is improved by 67.1 kg/mu by adopting the four-row single plant planting method of the invention compared with a single-row single plant planting method; compared with a single-row double-plant planting method, the yield is improved by 59.3 kg/mu; compared with a double-row single-plant planting method, the yield is improved by 46.8 kg/mu; compared with a planting method adopting double rows and double plants for layering, the yield is improved by 32.3 kg/mu.
9. Biological yield of two feet
① single-row single plants 54.8 kg/mu, ② single-row double plants 73.1 kg/mu, ③ double-row single plants 102.3 kg/mu, ④ double-row double-plant layering 165.9 kg/mu and ⑤ four-row single plants 246.8 kg/mu.
Therefore, at the end of the second year growth period, the yield is improved by 192 kg/mu by adopting the four-row single plant planting method of the invention compared with the single-row single plant planting method; compared with a single-row double-plant planting method, the yield is increased by 173.7 kg/mu; compared with a double-row single-plant planting method, the yield is improved by 144.5 kg/mu; compared with a planting method adopting double rows and double plants for layering, the yield is improved by 80.9 kg/mu.
10. Biological yield of three-legged years
① single-row single plants 152.5 kg/mu, ② single-row double plants 203.3 kg/mu, ③ double-row single plants 280.2 kg/mu, ④ double-row double-plant layering 379.8 kg/mu and ⑤ four-row single plants 567.2 kg/mu.
Therefore, at the end of the growth period of the third year, the yield is improved by 414.4 kg/mu by adopting the four-row single plant planting method of the invention compared with the single-row single plant planting method; compared with a single-row double-plant planting method, the yield is improved by 363.9 kg/mu; compared with a double-row single-plant planting method, the yield is increased by 287.0 kg/mu; compared with a planting method adopting double rows and double plants for layering, the yield is improved by 187.4 kg/mu.
11. Cost of labor for weeding in the first year
① single line single plant 9 times x 100 yuan/time 900 yuan, ② single line double plants 9 times x 100 yuan/time 900 yuan, ③ double line single plant 9 times x 100 yuan/time 900 yuan, ④ double line double plant branch pressing 9 times x 100 yuan/time 900 yuan, ⑤ four lines single plant 6 times x 100 yuan/time 600 yuan.
Therefore, the planting method of the four-row single plant saves 300 yuan in the first year compared with the planting method of single-row single plant, single-row double plant, double-row single plant and double-row double plant layering.
12. The labor cost for weeding in the second year
① single line single plant 7 times multiplied by 100 yuan/time equals 700 yuan, ② single line double plants 7 times multiplied by 100 yuan/time equals 700 yuan, ③ double line single plant 7 times multiplied by 100 yuan/time equals 700 yuan, ④ double line double plant branch pressing 3 times multiplied by 100 yuan/time equals 300 yuan, ⑤ four lines single plant does not need to weed, and the cost is zero.
Therefore, the planting method of four rows of single plants saves the cost by 700 yuan in the second year compared with the planting method of single row single plants and double single row plants; compared with a planting method adopting double rows and double plants for layering, the cost is saved by 300 yuan in the second year.
13. Cost of weeding labor in the third year
① single line single plant 5 times multiplied by 100 yuan/time equals 500 yuan, ② single line double plants 5 times multiplied by 100 yuan/time equals 500 yuan, ③ double line single plant 5 times multiplied by 100 yuan/time equals 500 yuan, ④ double line double plant branch pressing 5 times multiplied by 100 yuan/time equals 500 yuan, ⑤ four lines single plant does not need weeding, and the cost is zero.
Therefore, the planting method of the four-row single plant saves 500 yuan in the third year compared with the planting method of single-row single plant, single-row double plant, double-row single plant and double-row double plant layering.
14. The main inputs and outputs are compared and shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of Main inputs and outputs
Figure BDA0002416739320000161
Economic benefits are as follows: therefore, compared with the planting method of single plants in single row, the planting method of single plants in four rows of the invention has the advantage that the economic benefit is increased by 6940.7 yuan per mu; compared with a single-row double-plant planting method, the economic benefit is improved by 6162.9 yuan per mu; compared with a double-row single-plant planting method, the economic benefit is increased by 5606.1 yuan per mu; compared with a planting method adopting double rows and double plants for pressing branches, the economic benefit is increased by 3908.1 yuan per mu. Therefore, the four-row single-plant planting method can reduce the production cost and labor cost of the young tea garden and improve the economic benefit of the tea garden.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A method for quickly forming a garden on tea seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: reclamation of tea garden
Cleaning and soil preparation are carried out on a tea garden, a plurality of planting ditches are excavated, the cross section of each planting ditch is an inverted trapezoid with an opening at the top end, each planting ditch comprises a bottom edge (1) and two trapezoid walls (2), and excavated surface soil (4) and core soil (5) are separately placed;
step 2: base fertilizer application
Applying base fertilizer (6) to the bottom edge (1) of the planting ditch, and covering a layer of surface soil (4);
and step 3: irrigation in planting ditch
1-2 days before the tea seedlings (3) are planted, the planting ditches are drenched thoroughly;
and 4, step 4: lifting seedlings
Before 2 months, the tea seedlings (3) are lifted with soil balls;
and 5: root of tea seedling
Placing the root of the tea seedling (3) in the serous fluid, taking out the root after 1-3 min of serous root, and placing the root in a shade place to obtain the tea seedling (3) after serous root;
step 6: tea seedling planting
The method adopts a four-row single-plant planting mode, the row spacing and the plant spacing are both 20cm, and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting tea seedlings (3) with the height of more than 25cm and the thickness of more than 0.4cm and after the root pulping in the step 5, and planting the tea seedlings in a row on the outer side along the direction parallel to the two ladder walls (2) respectively; selecting the tea seedlings (3) with the height of more than 20cm and the thickness of more than 0.3cm after the root pulping in the step 5, and planting two lines in the middle;
after planting, covering a layer of subsoil (5) on the base of each tea seedling, and then compacting;
and 7: pouring root water and covering soil
Drenching root fixing water thoroughly, and then covering a layer of subsoil (5);
and 8: shaping pruning
Pruning four rows of tea seedlings (3), keeping the tops of the tea seedlings (3) flush, and keeping the first leaf below the cut of the two rows of tea seedlings (3) at the outer side as an outward bud leaf.
2. The method for quickly forming the garden on the tea seedlings according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the row distance between the adjacent planting furrows is 145cm-150cm, the depth of each planting furrow is 30cm-50cm, the two ladder walls (2) are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at the two ends of the bottom edge (1), the included angle α between the bottom edge (1) and the ladder walls (2) is 40-50 degrees, and the length of the bottom edge (1) is 60cm-65 cm.
3. The method for rapidly forming the garden for the tea seedlings according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the base fertilizer (6) is a mixture of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer; the thickness of the surface soil (4) is 18cm-22 cm.
4. The method for rapidly forming a garden on a tea seedling as claimed in claim 3, wherein the organic fertilizer is any one of a copper seed bran fertilizer, a rapeseed bran fertilizer, a peanut bran fertilizer and a farmyard manure, and the application amount of the copper seed bran fertilizer is 400kg/667m2The application amount of the rapeseed bran fertilizer is 300kg/667m2The application amount of the peanut bran fertilizer is 200kg/667m2The application amount of the farmyard manure is 1000kg/667m2(ii) a In the compound fertilizer, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are all 15%, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50kg/667m2
5. The method for rapidly forming the garden on the tea seedlings according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the height of the tea seedlings (3) is 23cm-50cm, and the thickness is 0.3cm-0.5 cm.
6. The method for quickly forming a garden on a tea seedling as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the root-pulping liquid is prepared from the following raw materials: 50kg of yellow mud, 50kg of water, 1kg of high-molecular water-absorbing resin, 0.002kg of rooting powder, 0.25kg of glucose and 0.3kg of 75 vol% alcohol.
7. The method for quickly forming the garden on the tea seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the effective component of the high-molecular water-absorbing resin is polyacrylic acid sodium salt resin, and the particle size of the high-molecular water-absorbing resin is less than or equal to 60 meshes.
8. The method for quickly forming a garden on tea seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the rooting powder is a mixed agent compounded by naphthylacetic acid and indoleacetic acid, wherein the mass percent of the naphthylacetic acid is 20%, and the mass percent of the indoleacetic acid is 30%.
9. The method for rapidly forming the garden on the tea seedlings according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the thickness of the subsoil (5) is 8cm-12 cm.
10. A method for rapid tea seedling gardening according to any one of claims 1-9 characterized in that in step 7, the thickness of said subsoil (5) is 4cm-6 cm.
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