CN1112510C

CN1112510C - Reciprocating piston engine

Info

Publication number: CN1112510C
Application number: CN99812246A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 莱赫·莫克茹尔斯基; 杰斯泊·W·福格
Original assignee: MAN B&W Diesel AS
Current assignee: MAN Energy Solutions Filial af MAN Energy Solutions SE
Priority date: 1999-01-08
Filing date: 1999-12-22
Publication date: 2003-06-25
Anticipated expiration: 2019-12-22
Also published as: DE19900385C2; NO20012894L; GB0104423D0; WO2000040849A1; NO20012894D0; GB2361759A; KR20010085951A; CN1323375A; JP3419762B2; GB2361759B; PL348869A1; AU3042000A; KR100417185B1; JP2002534634A; DE19900385A1; TW463015B

Abstract

The invention relates to a reciprocating piston engine with at least one cylinder whose cylinder liner (2) is provided with at least one groove-shaped oil pocket (8) in the area of the running surface (4) of said liner (2), whereby the running surface (4) is assigned to the piston (6). The oil pocket (8) is laterally defined by material areas which are provided with an enhanced resistance to wear capacity when compared with the base material of the cylinder liner (2) outside thereof. In order to obtain higher operational reliability, the material areas which respectively and laterally define one oil pocket (8) are configured as a filling (11) for a groove (10) whose depth (d) corresponds at least to the maximum wear and tear thickness of the cylinder liner (2).

Description

Reciprocating engine

The present invention relates to a kind of reciprocating engine, large two stroke diesel particularly, has at least one cylinder, its cylinder sleeve contains one and has the material sections of the packing of at least one groove of making body material better than the stock wear resistance of cylinder sleeve in its working surface zone towards piston, limit at least one flute profile oil pocket with side direction.

Such structure is as the body material selective nitriding or the another kind of selection scheme of hardening are recommended out in CH-A493738.Recommend to adopt bronze crust third constellations alloy or hard chrome about the there as the material of groove packing.Should be about 50HB with the difference of hardness of body material.The groove depth of recommending is at least 0.02mm, therefore haply in the nitrogenize or the depth bounds that can reach that hardens.Can not reach the long life-span with this structure cylinder sleeve.

Therefore the objective of the invention is from this point,, make to make cylinder sleeve reach the long life-span so that cheap measure improves the reciprocating engine that starts described this type in this wise with expense easily.

This task solves like this by first kind of solution of the present invention, make and be used for side direction and surround the packing of groove of each oil pocket by comprising 2-20% aluminium, 0.5-10% iron, 0.1-8% manganese, 0.1-2% silicon, 0.1-10% nickel, 0.1-2% carbon and be no more than at least a in the following component antimony, cobalt, beryllium, chromium, tin, cadmium, zinc, aluminium of 5-20% separately at most, and all the other are that the aluminum bronze of copper is formed, and have the degree of depth that is equivalent to cylinder sleeve greatest wear thickness at least.

Be to be used for packing to the small part that side direction surrounds the groove of each oil pocket to form, and to have the degree of depth that is equivalent to cylinder sleeve greatest wear thickness at least by another kind of solution of the present invention by stupalith.

This material has extraordinary wear resistance, and advantageously built-up welding is coated in the above or with plasma high speed (spraying) method or laser coatings method, wherein also can fill deep groove easily and reliably, make to reach high reliability, thereby in the whole operating life of cylinder sleeve, keep the usefulness of hope reliably.

The good scheme of the measure of being taked and suitable improvement structure provide in the dependent claims.Side direction surrounds the appropriate depth of groove of each oil pocket in the greatest wear thickness greater than cylinder sleeve.Guarantee that thus the packing of groove is fixed in the body material well till cylinder sleeve weares and teares fully.If therefore the cross section of groove is inwardly increasing may be helpful to this.

The measure of being adopted other good moulding and suitable improvement structure in other dependent claims, provide, and in following illustrating, can see in more detail by means of figure.

Represent among the described below figure

The partial sectional view of Fig. 1 two-stroke large-sized diesel motor cylinder,

Fig. 2 by the partial enlarged drawing in the zone that is provided with oil pocket of the structure of Fig. 1 and

Fig. 3 is by the amplification view by the groove that is provided with packing of the structure of Fig. 1.

The present invention is applied to reciprocating engine, particularly in the piston internal-combustion engine, especially with the form of low speed two-stroke large-scale diesel engine.The structure of such device and working principle are known, therefore here needn't explain again.

The cylinder of a pair of stroke large diesel engine shown in Fig. 1 comprises a cylinder sleeve 2 that is provided with admission groove 1, and a cylinder head 3 that contains the steam exhaust device that does not draw in detail here is installed on it.Piston 6 piston ring 5, that move up and down and this working surface acting in conjunction that working surface 4, is provided with circumference one side made in the inboard of cylinder sleeve 2.Working surface 4 is by lubricant oil supplying tube 7 supplying lubricating oils.

For the good distribution that reaches lubricant oil with particularly lacking lubricated zone by experience, the lubricant oil that for example upper area of working surface 4 is good is supplied with, and is provided with the oil pocket 8 that only schematically illustrates among suitable, Fig. 1 in this zone.The depression that constitutes oil pocket 8 is not just to exist from the outset.But just taked measure from the outset, this measure plays a part such, makes to form automatically as being recessed in the operation length of run by the wearing and tearing as the stock on cylinder sleeve 2 bases of oil pocket basis.

Oil pocket 8 is respectively by limiting in its material at opposite sides district 9 side direction.Between per two these class material sections 9, can form an oil pocket 8.As by Fig. 2 and 3 as seen, the material sections 9 that each side direction limits oil pocket 8 is made the packing 11 of a groove that sets separately 10.The material that constitutes packing 11 has the wear resistance bigger than the stock of cylinder sleeve 2, and cylinder sleeve is made by cast steel usually.As shown in Figure 3, be filled on the working surface 4 same planes at new state groove 10, therefore form a smooth surface, it is processed easily, for example can be by honing.At first cut out groove 10.The packing 11 of packing into then.Follow fine finishing working surface 4.

Because the material that constitutes packing 11 is with respect to good as the body material wear resistance on cylinder sleeve 2 bases, just between trial run period the wearing and tearing of body material greater than the wearing and tearing of packing 11, shown in dashed lines among Fig. 3.Therefore between two adjacent packings 11, obtain desirable flute profile oil pocket 8 thus respectively.

Can adopt such material suitably in order to form packing 11, it is made up of stupalith fully or to small part, if ceramic-metal mixture (ceramet).This material can contain carbide and/or oxide and/or nitride and/or boride and/or silicate suitably and add copper and/or aluminum bronze and/or nickel and/or nickel chromium triangle and/or molybdenum and/or aluminium graphite and/or nickel graphite and/or aluminium bromine graphite and organic bond, wherein carbide, oxide, nitride, boride, silicate preferably exist mutually with hard phase and the soft of 5-80% of 10-60%, fact proved, if wherein there are advantageous particularly in carbide, oxide, nitride, boride, silicate as chromium compounds.Wherein chromium oxide is useful especially material, because it not only has high stability and allows high operating temperature, and does not corrode not oxidation.

Packing (11) can contain 20-50% in a kind of good scheme of above-mentioned data, especially 20-40% carbide and/or oxide and/or nitride and/or boride and/or silicate and also have the aluminum bronze of 20-40%, especially 60-80% at least at least.Preferred scheme can contain 20-40% oxide mixing 60-80% aluminum bronze or 30-50% oxide, nitride or carbide mix aluminum bronze or preferably 10-20% molybdenum and 20-30% nickel or carbonization nickel or 20-40% aluminum bronze at least.Such material can apply or be contained in the groove 10 that sets with electric arc, flame, plasma or high velocity jet method.

Containing deal respectively can apply with above-mentioned methods equally for another group material of the silicon of 0.1-10%, boron.The preferable material proportioning is a 10-18% chromium in this case, 2-3% iron, and 2-4% silicon, 2-4% boron, 0.1-0.5% carbon and all the other are nickel; Perhaps 10-18% chromium, 2-3% iron, 2-4% silicon, 2-4% boron, 0.1-0.5% carbon, the 6-12% molybdenum, 30-40% cobalt and all the other are nickel; Perhaps 10-18% chromium, 2-3% iodine, 2-4% silicon, 2-4% boron, 0.1-0.5% carbon, the 6-12% molybdenum, 1-6% copper and all the other are nickel; Perhaps 10-18% chromium, 2-3% iodine, 2-4% silicon, 2-4% boron, 0.1-0.5% carbon, 6-12% molybdenum, 10-20% nickel, 65-88% Tungsten carbite and 12% cobalt.Here also can consider flame, induction or laser sintered.

When making the sintering packing, packing 11 also can adopt such material, it contain carbide and/or oxide and/or nitride and/or boride and/or the hard phase of 10-60% with the soft silicate mutually of 5-80%, and 2-10% copper, the 20-30% aluminum bronze, 10-85% nickel or chromaking nickel, 10-30% chromium, 0.1-5% carbon, 1-8% iron, 2-15% molybdenum or sulphurous acid molybdenum or molybdenum disulfide or molybdenum oxide or molybdenum dioxide or peroxidating molybdenum, 2-7% copper, 10-40% cobalt, 30-80% Tungsten carbite or 88% Tungsten carbite and 12% cobalt.

Dusty material also is suitable for.For example can adopt and have 0.2-5% carbon, 20-50% chromium, the 1-20% molybdenum, the 1-20% vanadium, 0.1-4% silicon or boron, 0.1-5% manganese, 0.1-5% iron, the powder of 0.5-50% carbide, oxide, nitride, boride or silicate, sulphurous acid molybdenum/molybdenum dioxide/molybdenum oxide/molybdenum disulfide or peroxidating molybdenum, wherein silicon and/or boron can be respectively 0.1-5%, and all the other are nickel.A kind of in this case particularly preferred material is by 20-30% chromium, the 1-10% molybdenum, and 2-3% carbon, the 2-5% vanadium, 0.2-1% manganese, 0.2-4% silicon or boron are formed, and all the other are nickel.

But select packing 11 also can make the welding coating as another kind.Here can adopt such material, it contains 2-20% aluminium, 0.5-10% iron, 0.1-8% manganese, 0.1-2% silicon, 0.1-10% nickel, 0.1-2% carbon and maximum at least a in the component antimony, cobalt, beryllium, chromium, tin, cadmium, zinc, aluminium of 5-20%, all the other all are copper.Here a kind of particularly preferred proportioning can contain 14-17% aluminium, 3-5% iron, and 1-3% manganese, 0.1-2% silicon, maximum 0.3% carbon, all the other all are copper.

The degree of depth of the groove of representing with d among Fig. 3 10 is equivalent to the greatest wear thickness of cylinder sleeve 4 at least.Depth d is suitable for greater than greatest wear thickness, guarantees also that when cylinder sleeve 2 weares and teares fully packing 11 is fixed in the body material well even make.In this case, if the cross section of groove 10 is inwardly more and more wideer, shape of cross section 12 is represented shown in dashed lines among Fig. 2, also is favourable.Preferred groove depth can working surface 4 diameter D 0.1 to 0.4% between scope in.That the clear width of the oil pocket 8 that forms is equivalent to set, be furnished with the spacing of the groove 10 of packing 11 respectively.This spacing of in Fig. 2, representing with W be preferably in working surface 4 diameter D 1 to 2% between scope in.The clear width of groove 10, thus just the width b of its packing that matches 11 is suitable for being equivalent to groove depth d.Reach reliability thus with respect to shearing stress.

One or more oil pockets 8 can be set.Match with it, the groove 10 that is provided with packing 11 is suitable for being arranged on according to the insufficient lubricated danger of experience up to now, also is the dangerous king-sized position of heat erosion or the like therefore.This situation at first is the upper area at working surface.Be provided with to forming the measure that oil pocket 8 is taked in the working surface zone that first and second piston rings 5 limit in by piston 6 upper dead center positions among Fig. 1.Another oil pocket 8 or in addition measures necessary can be arranged in the following zone of a bottom piston ring.The oil pocket 8 that also is provided with other in the example shown, be provided with deeplyer.

Oil pocket 8 and the material sections that therefore limits it can be done and circularize.But in addition also can be additionally or oil pocket 8 that one or more spiralitys distribute is set with choosing one or the other of these two therefore limits its spiral material sections 9 in addition.They can extend in a zone or on the whole guiding length of working surface 4.

The helical pitch of representing with p among Fig. 1 under the situation of the oil pocket 8 that spirality distributes is roughly 1.5 to 20% of working surface 4 diameter D.This helical pitch can be constant on whole length.But also it is contemplated that the change helical pitch, so that in extrahazardous zone, obtain than the not too dangerous bigger oil pocket density in zone.

Groove 10 in the example shown, and the packing 11 that therefore is equipped on it in addition has rectangle or trapezoidal cross-section.Seamed edge can rounding in it for fear of notch stress.

Claims

1. reciprocating engine, has at least one cylinder, its cylinder sleeve (2) contains a body material wear resistance better material district (9) that has than cylinder sleeve (2) at it in the face of on the working surface (4) of piston (6), surround at least one flute profile oil pocket (8) with side direction, it is characterized in that: be used for the material sections (9) that side direction surrounds each oil pocket (8) and make the packing (11) of grooving (10), by containing 2-20% aluminium, 0.5-10% iron, 0.1-8% manganese, 0.1-2% silicon, 0.1-10% nickel, 0.1-2% carbon and be no more than the following component of 5-20% separately at most: antimony, cobalt, beryllium, chromium, tin, cadmium, zinc, at least a aluminum bronze in the aluminium is formed, and its degree of depth is equivalent to the greatest wear thickness of cylinder sleeve (2) at least.

2. by the reciprocating engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the aluminum bronze that constitutes packing (11) contains 14-17% aluminium, 3-5% iron, 1-3% manganese, 0.1-2% silicon, maximum 0.3% carbon, and remaining part all is a copper.

3. by the reciprocating engine of claim 2, it is characterized in that: packing (11) to small part is made the welding coating layer.

4. reciprocating engine, has at least one cylinder, its cylinder sleeve (2) has the material sections (9) better than the body material wear resistance of cylinder sleeve (2) at it in the face of containing one on the working surface (4) of piston (6), surround at least one flute profile oil pocket (8) with side direction, it is characterized in that: being used for packing (11) to the small part that side direction surrounds the groove (10) of each oil pocket (8) is made up of stupalith, and has a degree of depth (d) that is equivalent to cylinder sleeve (2) greatest wear thickness at least.

5. by the reciprocating engine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: packing (11) is made up of ceramic-metal mixture (ceramet).

6. by the reciprocating engine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: packing (11) contains carbide and/or oxide and/or nitride and/or boride and/or silicate and adds copper and/or aluminum bronze and/or nickel and/or chromaking nickel and/or molybdenum and/or aluminium graphite and/or nickel graphite and/or aluminium bromine graphite and organic bond.

7. by the reciprocating engine of claim 6, it is characterized in that: carbide, oxide, nitride, boride, silicate account for 10-60% and account for 5-80% soft in mutually in firmly mutually.

8. by the reciprocating engine of claim 6, it is characterized in that: carbide, oxide, nitride, boride, silicate exist as chromium compound.

9. by the reciprocating engine of claim 6, it is characterized in that: packing (11) contains carbide and/or oxide and/or nitride and/or boride and/or the silicate of 20-50%, and also has the aluminum bronze of 20-40% at least at least.

10. by the reciprocating engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: packing (11) to small part is made the spraying coating.

11. by the reciprocating engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: packing (11) to small part is made agglomerated material.

12. by the reciprocating engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the degree of depth (d) of groove (10) is greater than the greatest wear thickness of cylinder sleeve (2).

13. by the reciprocating engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cross section of groove (10) is inwardly more and more wideer.

14., it is characterized in that by the reciprocating engine of claim 12: the degree of depth (d) of groove (10) working surface (4) diameter (D) 0.1% to 0.4% between scope in.

15., it is characterized in that by the reciprocating engine of claim 1: the distance between two grooves (10) that are equipped on the packing (11) that surrounds each oil pocket (8) working surface (4) diameter (D) 1% to 2% between scope in.

16. by the reciprocating engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the width (b) of groove (10) roughly is equivalent to groove depth (d).

17. by the reciprocating engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with at least one and be disposed at spirality oil pocket (8), be equipped with the groove (10) of packing (11) separately, wherein helical pitch is preferably 1.5% to 20% of working surface (4) diameter (D).

18., it is characterized in that by the reciprocating engine of claim 1: in the upper area of cylinder sleeve (2), be provided with at least at least one be equipped on oil pocket (8), be equipped with the groove (10) of packing (11) separately.

19., it is characterized in that by the reciprocating engine of claim 1: be provided with at least one be equipped on the oil pocket (8) that on the whole guiding length of working surface (4), connects, be equipped with the groove (10) of a packing (11) separately.

20. by the reciprocating engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is the two-stroke large-sized diesel motor.

21. by the reciprocating engine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: it is the two-stroke large-sized diesel motor.

22. by the reciprocating engine of claim 9, it is characterized in that: packing (11) contains carbide and/or oxide and/or nitride and/or boride and/or the silicate of 20-40%, and also has the aluminum bronze of 60-80% at least at least.