CN111239020A - Soil permeability coefficient measuring device and method capable of considering rainfall and vegetation influence - Google Patents
Soil permeability coefficient measuring device and method capable of considering rainfall and vegetation influence Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 13
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- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil permeability coefficient measuring device and a soil permeability coefficient measuring method capable of considering rainfall and vegetation influence, wherein the soil permeability coefficient measuring device comprises the following steps: the upper end of the instrument box body is open, soil is filled in the instrument box body, the bottom of the instrument box body is provided with a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with a water permeable brick, a spiral groove is machined in the bottom plate, and the middle of the spiral groove is provided with a water outlet; the vegetation culture box body is positioned at the top of the instrument box body, the bottom of the vegetation culture box body is open, soil is filled in the vegetation culture box body, and plants grow in the soil; the volume water content sensor assemblies are uniformly distributed along the height direction of the instrument box body and the vegetation culture box body; the tensiometer assemblies are uniformly distributed along the height direction of the instrument box body and the vegetation culture box body; the shower nozzle sets up in the top of vegetation cultivation box, and is connected with the water source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unsaturated soil permeability coefficient measurement, in particular to a soil permeability coefficient measuring device and a soil permeability coefficient measuring method capable of considering rainfall and vegetation influence.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The permeability of unsaturated soil is related to the process of consolidation and deformation development of the soil after being loaded, and is also related to the change of effective stress and strength in the soil, so that the method has important significance for researching the stability of the side slope; the permeability coefficient is a quantitative index reflecting the permeability of soil and is a basic parameter which must be used in seepage calculation.
The inventor finds that rainfall is the most main and common environmental factor influencing slope stability and causing slope instability, and rainfall infiltration causes the suction force of a slope matrix to be reduced to generate hydrostatic pressure and hydrodynamic pressure, so that the safety coefficient of the slope is reduced, and landslide is caused; plant roots stores and releases moisture through the transpiration and influences the hydrology on slope, and plant roots's reinforcement effect can improve the stability coefficient on side slope moreover, and plant roots can improve the shear strength of the soil body in addition to increase soil body stability. These two aspects are also important parameters affecting the permeability coefficient of the soil. At present, indoor measuring devices and methods with soil permeability coefficients exist, such as a normal water head method, a variable water head method and a one-dimensional instantaneous profile method, influence of combined action of rainfall infiltration and a vegetation root system on soil permeability is not considered, and the difference of the indoor measuring devices and the method with the soil permeability coefficients is larger than actual conditions of field soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a soil permeability coefficient measuring device and a soil permeability coefficient measuring method which can consider the influence of rainfall and vegetation.
In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present invention disclose the following technical solutions:
one aspect of the present invention provides a soil permeability coefficient measuring apparatus considering rainfall and vegetation influence, including:
the upper end of the instrument box body is open, soil is filled in the instrument box body, the bottom of the instrument box body is provided with a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with a water permeable brick, a spiral groove is machined in the bottom plate, and the middle of the spiral groove is provided with a water outlet;
the vegetation culture box body is positioned at the top of the instrument box body, the bottom of the vegetation culture box body is open, soil is filled in the vegetation culture box body, and plants grow in the soil;
the volume water content sensor assemblies are uniformly distributed along the height direction of the instrument box body and the vegetation culture box body;
the tensiometer assemblies are uniformly distributed along the height direction of the instrument box body and the vegetation culture box body;
the shower nozzle sets up in the top of vegetation cultivation box, and is connected with the water source.
The second aspect of the invention provides a soil permeability coefficient measuring method capable of considering rainfall and vegetation influence, which comprises the following steps:
assembling the measuring device;
supplying water to the spray head to simulate rainfall with different intensities;
and recording the readings of the volume water content sensor and the tensiometer at different time, drawing the obtained data into a water content and suction head line graph, calculating the flow velocity and the average hydraulic gradient at a specific position, and further calculating to obtain the permeability coefficient corresponding to the flow within the time.
Compared with the prior art, the above one or more embodiments of the present invention achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a soil infiltration test device and method considering the influence of rainfall and vegetation. The rainfall system is arranged, slope protection vegetation is cultured above the test soil sample, the change condition of the soil permeability coefficient under the common influence of rainfall infiltration and plant root systems can be measured through a one-dimensional instantaneous profile method, and the measured data is more fit for the actual condition.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cross-sectional view of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention:
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a front view of a testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows different vegetation cultivation boxes according to embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of an instrument pod of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a1 is a front view of the instrument pod; a2 instrument box top view; a3 instrument box bottom view;
FIG. 5 is an anisotropic view of a vegetation box according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein b1 is a front view of the vegetation box; b2 Detachable steel bottom plate of vegetation cultivation box;
FIG. 6 is an anisotropic view of a plexiglas backplane of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein c1 is a cross-sectional view of the plexiglas backplane; c2 organic glass base plate top view.
Wherein, 1, a rainfall system; 2. slope protection vegetation; 3. a vegetation cultivation box body; 4. an instrument box body I; 5. reinforcing the deformed steel bar; 6. an outer support; 7. a volumetric water content sensor; 8. a tensiometer; 9. an instrument box body II; 10. a water storage tank; 11. angle steel; 12. water permeable bricks; 13. an organic glass base plate; 14. sealing rubber strips; 15. fixing the bolt; 16. a multidirectional horn ring; 17. a deformed steel bar bolt hole; 18. sealing the rubber strip groove; 19. a detachable steel bottom plate; 20. a square spiral slot; 21. and fixing the bolt hole.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
A soil permeability coefficient measuring device capable of considering rainfall and vegetation influence comprises:
the upper end of the instrument box body is open, soil is filled in the instrument box body, the bottom of the instrument box body is provided with a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with a water permeable brick, a spiral groove is machined in the bottom plate, and the middle of the spiral groove is provided with a water outlet;
the vegetation culture box body is positioned at the top of the instrument box body, the bottom of the vegetation culture box body is open, soil is filled in the vegetation culture box body, and plants grow on the soil;
the volume water content sensor assemblies are uniformly distributed along the height direction of the instrument box body and the vegetation culture box body;
the tensiometer assemblies are uniformly distributed along the height direction of the instrument box body and the vegetation culture box body;
the shower nozzle sets up in the top of vegetation cultivation box, and is connected with the water source.
The water that infiltrates under in the soil from cultivateing box and vegetation incubator oozes down through the brick that permeates water, is accepted by the spiral groove on the bottom plate to in time derive, the setting of brick and spiral groove that permeates water can make the moisture in the soil evenly ooze, with the accuracy of guaranteeing the measurement.
In some embodiments, the spray heads are evenly distributed across the top of the vegetation cultivation box. The device is used for uniformly spraying water to vegetation, and ensures that water uniformly seeps in soil so as to simulate rainfall with different intensities.
In some embodiments, the instrument housing is provided in sections with sealed connections between adjacent sections. Because soil needs to be filled into the instrument box body, the instrument box body is arranged in a segmented mode, the soil in the box body can be uniformly filled, and the measuring accuracy is improved.
In some embodiments, a level is disposed on the floor. To ensure that the whole measuring device is arranged horizontally.
In some embodiments, the tension meter assemblies are divided into two rows, oppositely disposed on the side walls of the housing.
Further, the distance between two adjacent tensiometers in the same column is 25-35 CM.
In some embodiments, the volumetric water content sensors are divided into two columns, oppositely disposed on the side walls of the tank.
Further, the distance between two adjacent volumetric water content sensors in the same column is 25-35 CM.
In some embodiments, the water storage tank is used for being connected with the water outlet.
After rainfall simulation is finished, water is injected into the box body through the water storage tank, the soil sample is soaked from bottom to top until the soil sample is completely saturated, the soil-water characteristic curve of the soil in the moisture absorption and dehumidification processes can be measured, and guarantee is provided for further analysis and research of properties such as water holding capacity of the soil sample. The spiral groove and the permeable bricks are arranged to ensure that the soil layer at the bottom of the box body can be uniformly infiltrated when the box body is saturated from bottom to top.
The second aspect of the invention provides a soil permeability coefficient measuring method capable of considering rainfall and vegetation influence, which comprises the following steps:
assembling the measuring device, filling soil, and compacting to make the compactness of the measuring device the same as that of the measuring device under the field natural condition;
supplying water to the spray head to simulate rainfall with different intensities;
and recording the readings of the volume water content sensor and the tensiometer at different time, drawing the obtained data into a water content and suction head line graph, calculating the flow velocity and the average hydraulic gradient at a specific position, and further calculating to obtain the permeability coefficient corresponding to the flow within the time.
The plant is cultured to the mature stage, and the test can be carried out when the root length can not be obviously changed in a short time. The plant species mainly include three types of slope protection plants, namely bermuda grass, tall fescue and white clover.
In some embodiments, the flow rate is calculated as:
wherein Δ V represents t1To t2In time period, through section z1Water content per unit volume of (1), i.e. t on the water content line graph1，t2In time z0And z1Area of area enclosed by the corresponding water content, V0Is the flow rate of the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the device.
Further, the hydraulic gradient at a certain position is the slope of that point on the suction head line graph.
Further, the permeability coefficient is the flow velocity at a location divided by the average hydraulic gradient over the time period.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of drawing a soil-water saturation curve in the moisture absorption and dehumidification process, water is injected into soil in the box body through a water outlet in the bottom of the box body, a soil sample is soaked from bottom to top until the soil sample is completely saturated, readings of two sensors at each moment are recorded, and the obtained data can obtain the soil-water saturation curve in the moisture absorption process;
opening a water outlet valve at the bottom, allowing water to seep out by gravity and evaporate naturally, and recording readings of two sensors at each moment to obtain a soil-water characteristic curve in the dehumidification process; the test condition of the dry soil body with rainfall of 0 is an initial test moisture absorption curve, and the drainage test of the fully saturated soil body can obtain an initial test moisture removal curve.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a soil infiltration test device and method considering rainfall and vegetation influence includes an instrument box, a vegetation cultivation box 3, a measuring system, a rainfall system 1, a fixing system and an external bracket 6.
As shown in fig. 4, the instrument box bodies are cuboid soil grooves with 60 × 60CM openings at the top and the bottom, the height is 75CM, the two instrument box bodies are the same, namely an instrument box body I4 and an instrument box body II 9 which are made of organic glass and have the thickness of 2.5CM, angle steel is fixed at the top and the bottom of each box body, bolt holes are arranged on the angle steel, the upper instrument box body and the lower instrument box body can be fixed together through the deformed steel bars, grooves are carved on the mutual contact surfaces of the two instrument box bodies, and sealing rubber strips are placed to achieve the effect of preventing water seepage; a plurality of round holes are arranged on each side surface and are uniformly distributed in a row so as to place sensors to measure related parameters of soil layers with different heights; the instrument box body is fixed on an organic glass bottom plate of the bottom support through a steel bolt, and a groove is also formed in the contact surface of the instrument box body and used for placing a sealing rubber strip.
As shown in fig. 5, the vegetation cultivation box 3 is a cuboid soil tank with 60 × 60CM opening at the top, the height is 30CM, the material is organic glass, the thickness is 2.5CM, the bottom is fixed on the organic glass by angle steel, the angle steel is provided with bolt holes and fixed with the instrument box through the angle steel, and the vegetation for slope protection is cultivated therein; grooves are carved on the contact surface of the vegetation culture box body 3 and the instrument box body, and sealing rubber strips are put in the grooves to achieve the effect of preventing water seepage; the bottom surface of the vegetation culture box body 3 is provided with a detachable steel bottom plate which can be extracted from the front; each side surface is provided with a round hole; the vegetation incubator is provided with a plurality ofly, cultivates and has different bank protection vegetation, can be used to contrast the influence of different vegetation to soil osmotic coefficient, and a plurality of vegetation incubator body plant simultaneously plants in addition, and direct change vegetation incubator body during the experiment has avoided the experimental time extension that plant growth cycle leads to effectively.
The measuring system is composed of a volume water content sensor 7 and a tensiometer 8, the volume water content sensor 7 is placed in round holes on the front side and the rear side of the box body, the tensiometer 8 is placed in round holes on the left side and the right side of the box body, and the volume water content and the pore water pressure of soil can be measured in real time.
The rainfall system is arranged on the external bracket 6, and three rows of spray heads are uniformly distributed above the vegetation to ensure the uniformity of rainfall infiltration; water is added into the spray head through the small-flow peristaltic pump, so that the spraying flow of the spray head can be controlled, and the spray head is used for simulating rainfall with different intensities.
The fixing system is composed of deformed steel bars, and the deformed steel bars pass through holes reserved in side angle steel of the box body, so that the integrity and firmness of the box body are improved.
The bottom support is made of a steel plate, and a reinforced steel beam is arranged on the bottom surface of the steel plate, so that the bearing capacity of the bottom support is improved; an organic glass bottom plate 13 is fixed on the steel bottom plate by steel bolts, and as shown in figure 6, square spiral fine grooves are carved on the upper surface; the center of the steel bottom plate is provided with a water outlet pipe which is connected with the center of the spiral groove and is controlled to be opened and closed by a valve, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is connected with a water storage tank; 60-60 CM water permeable bricks 12 with the thickness of 5CM are laid above the organic glass bottom plate; the square spiral grooves and the water permeable bricks 12 have the functions of enabling water in soil to seep out uniformly and ensuring that a bottom soil layer can be soaked uniformly when the soil layer is saturated from bottom to top; multidirectional horn rings 16 are installed at the support four corners to in the removal, be provided with the bubble spirit level on the steel bottom plate, be used for guaranteeing the level of soil box.
The method for measuring the soil permeability coefficient specifically comprises the following steps:
1. splicing the box body and filling soil. The method comprises the steps of placing an organic glass bottom plate on a bottom support, fixing the organic glass bottom plate by using steel bolts, placing a permeable brick on the organic glass bottom plate, placing a first instrument box body, fixing the organic glass bottom plate on the steel bottom plate by using the steel bolts, loading a soil sample, compacting the soil sample to enable the soil sample to be the same as the compactness under the field natural condition, then placing a second instrument box body, filling soil again, compacting the soil sample, placing a vegetation culture box body on the top of the second instrument box body, drawing out a detachable steel bottom plate of the vegetation culture box body to enable an upper soil layer and a lower soil layer to be integrated, and finally installing and reinforcing deformed steel bars.
2. And (6) installing a sensor. The volume water content sensor is arranged on the front side and the rear side in sequence from top to bottom, and the tensiometer 8 is arranged on the left side and the right side in sequence from top to bottom. During installation, the sensor penetrates through the reserved round hole, a hole opening is dug out through a spoon, after the sensor is inserted into the hole opening, a gap between the sensor and the glass plate is sealed through hot-melt glass cement, and water seepage is prevented.
3. And (5) simulating rainfall. The flow of the peristaltic pump is set, and a water outlet pipe of the peristaltic pump is connected with the spray head to simulate rainfall conditions with different intensities.
4. And (5) counting and calculating data. Recording the readings of the volume water content sensor and the tensiometer at different times, and drawing the obtained data into a water content and suction water head line graph; the flow rate at a certain point is determined by the following equation:
wherein Δ V represents t1To t2In time period, through section z1Water content per unit volume of (1), i.e. t on the water content line graph1，t2Time of dayInner z0And z1Area of area enclosed by the corresponding water content, V0Is the flow rate of the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the device; the hydraulic gradient at a certain point is the slope i of the point on the suction head line graph. According to Darcy's law, in a certain time period, the flow velocity at a certain position of the earth pillar is divided by the average hydraulic gradient in the time period, so that the permeability coefficient corresponding to the flow in the time period can be obtained:
5. and (5) drawing a soil-water characteristic curve in the moisture absorption and dehumidification process. Stopping simulating rainfall, injecting water into the soil tank through a water outlet of a bottom plate of the soil tank, soaking the soil sample from bottom to top until the soil sample is completely saturated, recording the readings of the two sensors at each moment, and obtaining a soil-water saturation curve in the moisture absorption process according to the data obtained in the above steps; opening a water outlet valve at the bottom, allowing water to seep out by gravity and evaporate naturally, and recording readings of two sensors at each moment to obtain a soil-water characteristic curve in the dehumidification process; the test condition of the dry soil body with rainfall of 0 is an initial test moisture absorption curve, and the drainage test of the fully saturated soil body can obtain an initial test moisture removal curve.
6. And (3) replacing the movable soil tank in which another plant is cultivated, and repeating the steps 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 to obtain the soil permeability coefficient and the soil-water characteristic curve in the moisture absorption and dehumidification process under the influence of different plants.
7. Changing rainfall intensity, and repeating the step 4 to obtain the soil permeability coefficient under the influence of different rainfall intensities.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a can consider soil permeability coefficient measuring device that rainfall and vegetation influence, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the upper end of the instrument box body is open, soil is filled in the instrument box body, the bottom of the instrument box body is provided with a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with a water permeable brick, a spiral groove is machined in the bottom plate, and the middle of the spiral groove is provided with a water outlet;
the vegetation culture box body is positioned at the top of the instrument box body, the bottom of the vegetation culture box body is open, soil is filled in the vegetation culture box body, and plants grow on the soil;
the volume water content sensor assemblies are uniformly distributed along the height direction of the instrument box body and the vegetation culture box body;
the tensiometer assemblies are uniformly distributed along the height direction of the instrument box body and the vegetation culture box body;
the shower nozzle sets up in the top of vegetation cultivation box, and is connected with the water source.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the soil permeability coefficient in consideration of rainfall and vegetation influence: the spray heads are uniformly distributed at the top of the vegetation culture box body.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the soil permeability coefficient in consideration of rainfall and vegetation influence: the instrument box body is arranged in sections, and adjacent sections are connected in a sealing mode.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the soil permeability coefficient in consideration of rainfall and vegetation influence: the bottom plate is provided with a level gauge.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the soil permeability coefficient in consideration of rainfall and vegetation influence: the tensiometer components are divided into two rows and are oppositely arranged on the side wall of the box body;
further, the distance between two adjacent tensiometers in the same column is 25-35 CM.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the soil permeability coefficient in consideration of rainfall and vegetation influence: the volume water content sensors are divided into two rows and are oppositely arranged on the side wall of the box body;
further, the distance between two adjacent volumetric water content sensors in the same column is 25-35 CM.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured to measure the soil permeability coefficient in consideration of rainfall and vegetation influence: the water storage tank is used for being connected with the water outlet.
8. The method for measuring a soil permeability coefficient measuring apparatus which can consider the influence of rainfall and vegetation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
assembling the measuring device, filling soil, and compacting to make the compactness of the measuring device the same as that of the measuring device under the field natural condition;
supplying water to the spray head to simulate rainfall with different intensities;
and recording the readings of the volume water content sensor and the tensiometer at different time, drawing the obtained data into a water content and suction head line graph, calculating the flow velocity and the average hydraulic gradient at a specific position, and further calculating to obtain the permeability coefficient corresponding to the flow within the time.
9. The measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the flow rate is calculated as:
wherein Δ V represents t1To t2In time period, through section z1Water content per unit volume of (1), i.e. t on the water content line graph1，t2In time z0And z1Area of area enclosed by the corresponding water content, V0Is the flow rate of the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the device;
further, the hydraulic gradient at a certain position is the slope of the point on the suction head line graph;
further, the permeability coefficient is the flow velocity at a location divided by the average hydraulic gradient over the time period.
10. The measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of (1) also comprising a step of drawing a soil-water saturation curve in the moisture absorption and dehumidification process, wherein water is injected into soil in the box body through a water outlet at the bottom of the box body, so that a soil sample is soaked from bottom to top until the soil sample is completely saturated, the readings of two sensors at each moment are recorded, and the obtained data can obtain the soil-water saturation curve in the moisture absorption process;
opening a water outlet valve at the bottom, allowing water to seep out by gravity and evaporate naturally, and recording readings of two sensors at each moment to obtain a soil-water characteristic curve in the dehumidification process; the test condition of the dry soil body with rainfall of 0 is an initial test moisture absorption curve, and the drainage test of the fully saturated soil body can obtain an initial test moisture removal curve.
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