CN111238324A - Blasting structure and blasting method - Google Patents
Blasting structure and blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111238324A CN111238324A CN202010199333.7A CN202010199333A CN111238324A CN 111238324 A CN111238324 A CN 111238324A CN 202010199333 A CN202010199333 A CN 202010199333A CN 111238324 A CN111238324 A CN 111238324A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000004220 fundus oculi Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting structure and a blasting method, which comprises auxiliary slotted holes, two circles of holes and peripheral holes; the auxiliary cutting holes are formed in the middle of the blasting section, the auxiliary cutting holes are distributed at intervals up and down, and the distance between every two adjacent auxiliary cutting holes is 480-520 mm; the auxiliary cutting hole is sequentially arranged at the periphery of the auxiliary cutting hole, the two circles of holes and the peripheral holes are respectively distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the distance from the straight line of the U-shaped line of the cutting hole to the vertical line of each auxiliary cutting hole is 480 plus 500mm, the distance from the U-shaped line of the two circles of holes to the U-shaped line of the cutting hole is 450 plus 500mm, and if no other holes are arranged between the two circles of holes and the peripheral holes, the distance from the U-shaped line of the peripheral holes to the U-shaped line of the two circles of holes is 400 plus 500 mm; the method comprises the following steps: selecting a blasting section, drilling, charging and blasting. The invention has the advantages that: the requirement of footage during actual blasting can be met, and the requirement of rapid tunneling can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal mine blasting, in particular to a blasting structure and a blasting method.
Background
The energy-accumulating pipe smooth blasting utilizes an energy-accumulating blasting principle (a linear energy-accumulating shaped charge cover is used for accumulating explosive energy to directionally cut an engineering target, surrounding rocks around a roadway to be protected are not damaged, the utilization rate of the explosive energy is improved), an explosive product generates an energy-accumulating effect on the linear shaped charge cover, the potential energy of the explosive product is converted into jet kinetic energy through the symmetrical shaped charge cover, cracks are cut on the rock, and the explosive is broken in the direction of an energy-accumulating angle central line according to a stress concentration phenomenon under the action of high-pressure blasting gas quasi-stress and a gas edge, and a through gap is formed on the connecting line of adjacent blast holes. After the energy-accumulating pipe is blasted, the on-site measurement footage is 1.5 m-1.7 m, although the tunnel is regularly formed, the footage cannot reach the design standard, and the requirement of rapid excavation cannot be met; the gas generated after blasting contains more harmful substances, has stronger pungent smell, and has adverse effect on the health of field constructors.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the technical problem that the blasting footage in the prior art can not meet the construction requirement is solved.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means: a kind of blasting structure, including the auxiliary cut hole, two circles of eyes, peripheral eyes;
the auxiliary cutting holes are formed in the middle of the blasting section, the auxiliary cutting holes are distributed at intervals up and down, and the distance between every two adjacent auxiliary cutting holes is 480-520 mm;
the auxiliary cutting hole is sequentially arranged at the periphery of the auxiliary cutting hole, the two circles of holes and the peripheral holes are respectively distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the distance from the straight line of the U-shaped line of the cutting hole to the vertical line of each auxiliary cutting hole is 480 plus 500mm, the distance from the U-shaped line of the two circles of holes to the U-shaped line of the cutting hole is 450 plus 500mm, and if no other holes are arranged between the two circles of holes and the peripheral holes, the distance from the U-shaped line of the peripheral holes to the U-shaped line of the two circles of holes is 400 plus 500 mm;
the auxiliary cutting hole parameters are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2.2-2.4m, the included angle between the side view direction and the blasting section is 79-90 degrees, and the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 90 degrees;
the cutting hole and the two circles of holes positioned at the arc line of the virtual U-shaped line are vertical to the blasting section;
the parameters of the cutting hole are as follows: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2.2-2.4m, the included angle between the side view direction of the cutting hole positioned at the straight line of the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 90 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 79-83 degrees, the hole bottom is deviated to the middle, and the distance between the adjacent cutting holes is 360-500 mm;
the two-circle eye parameters are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the included angle between the side view direction of two circles of eyes positioned at the straight line of the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 83-90 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 83-90 degrees, the hole bottom deflects to the middle, and the distance between two adjacent circles of eyes is 460-500 mm;
the peripheral eye parameters are as follows: the diameter of the hole is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the included angle between the side view direction of the peripheral eyes positioned at the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 90 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 92-93 degrees, the hole bottom is deflected to two sides, the elevation angle of the peripheral eyes positioned at the virtual U-shaped line is 1-3 degrees, and the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 90 degrees. The distance between adjacent peripheral eyes is 480-520 mm;
seat bottom mud, energy collecting pipes, a sand bag and sealing mud are sequentially arranged in the peripheral holes from the bottom of the holes to the orifices, an initiating explosive cartridge containing detonators and explosive are arranged in the energy collecting pipes, the detonators in the peripheral holes except the two rows of holes at the bottom are positioned at one end close to the seat bottom mud, the detonators in the peripheral holes in the two rows of holes at the bottom are positioned at one end far away from the seat bottom mud, the energy collecting pipes are arranged in the peripheral holes through positioning blocks, and foot lines are led out from the detonators and extend to the orifices;
seat bottom mud, explosive, water stemming and sealing mud are sequentially arranged in other holes except the peripheral holes from the hole bottom to the orifice, an initiating explosive roll containing a detonator is arranged at one end, close to the seat bottom mud, of the explosive except the holes in the two rows of holes at the bottom, an initiating explosive roll containing a detonator is arranged at one end, far away from the seat bottom mud, of the explosive in the two rows of holes at the bottom, and a leg wire is led out from the detonator and extends to the orifice.
According to the blasting structure, the arrangement mode of the blast holes is optimized, the energy-collecting pipes are arranged in the peripheral holes, the detonators in the blast holes are arranged at positions close to the seat bottom mud, and the blasting power of the blasting structure is increased.
The optimized three-circle eye structure further comprises three circles of eyes, wherein the three circles of eyes are located between the two circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes, the three circles of eyes are distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the distance between the U-shaped lines of the three circles of eyes and the two circles of eyes is 480-fold and 520mm, and if no other eyes are arranged between the three circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes, the distance between the three circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes is 400-fold and 500 mm;
the parameters for the three circles of eyes are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, three circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between the adjacent three circles of holes is 460-500 mm.
The optimized display screen further comprises four circles of eyes, wherein the four circles of eyes are located between the three circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes, the four circles of eyes are distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped wires, the distance between the U-shaped wires of the four circles of eyes and the three circles of eyes is 480-520mm, and if no other eyes are arranged between the four circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes, the distance between the four circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes is 400-500 mm;
the parameters for the four eye circles are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, four circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between the adjacent four circles of holes is 460-500 mm.
The optimized structure further comprises five circles of eyes, wherein the five circles of eyes are located between the four circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes, the five circles of eyes are distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the distance between the U-shaped lines of the five circles of eyes and the four circles of eyes is 520mm, and if no other eyes are arranged between the five circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes, the distance between the five circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes is 400mm and 500 mm;
the parameters for the five eye circles are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the five circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between the adjacent five circles of holes is 460-500 mm.
The optimized artificial eye further comprises a bottom eye, the bottom eye is arranged right below the lowermost eye of each type of eye, the distance between the bottom eye and the eye above the bottom eye is 400-500mm, and the parameters of the bottom eye are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the included angle between the bottom hole and the blasting section in the overlooking direction is the same as the included angle between the corresponding hole above the bottom hole and the blasting section, and the depression angle of the bottom hole is 1-4 degrees.
The optimized eye-protection eye is optimized to further comprise ditch eye-: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the included angle between the bottom hole and the blasting section in the overlooking direction is 90 degrees, the depression angle of the bottom hole is 5-15 degrees, and an initiating explosive cartridge containing a detonator is arranged at one end, far away from the seat bottom mud, of the explosive in the ditch hole.
Optimally, the energy gathering grooves of the energy gathering pipes point to the tangential direction of the virtual U-shaped line. When the energy-accumulating pipe explodes, main explosion energy of the energy-accumulating pipe is accumulated near the energy-accumulating groove, the energy-accumulating groove of the energy-accumulating pipe is set to point to the tangential direction of the virtual U-shaped line, the explosion energy of the energy-accumulating pipe can be accumulated between two adjacent peripheral holes, the blasting position can be torn along the arrangement direction of the peripheral holes, a gap is cut, the roadway is regularly formed, and the requirement can be met by the fact that the energy-accumulating pipe advances to the size.
Optimally, the opening of the water sand bag faces the fundus, and the distance between the water sand bag and the eye opening is 250-300 mm.
Preferably, the system further comprises a closed tent, wherein the tent is built in a roadway, and the tent is communicated with a gas supply system of the roadway through a wind sleeve so as to provide air for the tent. The flue gas that produces among the blasting process contains harmful substance, and in the actual blasting, the operator can get into confined tent during the blasting, explodes afterwards, and the blasting is accomplished the back, waits that the flue gas scatters, leaves the tent again, prevents that the operator from inhaling the flue gas, and the security is better.
The invention also discloses a blasting method based on any one of the blasting structures, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a blasting section;
s2, drilling: drilling holes on the blasting section according to the size;
s3, charging:
charging at the peripheral holes: loading an initiating explosive cartridge containing detonators and explosives into an energy-collecting tube, loading seat bottom mud into the eyeground of peripheral eyes, then installing the energy-collecting tube into the peripheral eyes through a positioning block, except for the detonators in the peripheral eyes of two rows of eyes at the bottom which are positioned at one end close to the seat bottom mud, and the detonators in the peripheral eyes of two rows of eyes at the bottom which are positioned at one end far away from the seat bottom mud, leading out a leg wire from the detonators to extend to an orifice, then loading into a sand bag, sealing by using sealing mud and tamping;
other eye charges except the peripheral eye: filling seat bottom mud into the holes, then filling an initiating explosive roll containing a detonator into the holes except for the holes of the two rows of holes at the bottom, arranging the initiating explosive roll containing the detonator at one end of the explosive close to the seat bottom mud, arranging the initiating explosive roll containing the detonator at one end of the explosive of the two rows of holes at the bottom far away from the seat bottom mud, leading a leg wire from the detonator to extend to an orifice, then filling the explosive, filling water stemming, sealing with sealing mud and tamping;
s4, blasting: firstly, detonating the cut hole, then simultaneously detonating the auxiliary cut hole and the two circles of cut holes, and then detonating the peripheral holes, wherein the time interval between two adjacent detonating is 20-30ms, and the total detonating time is not more than 130 ms.
According to the blasting method, the arrangement mode of the blast holes is optimized, the energy-collecting pipes are arranged in the peripheral holes, the detonators in the blast holes are arranged at the positions close to the seat bottom mud, the blasting power of the blasting method is increased, the requirement of footage during actual blasting can be met by adopting the blasting structure, and the requirement of rapid tunneling can be met.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the blasting structure, the arrangement mode of the blast holes is optimized, the energy-collecting pipes are arranged in the peripheral holes, the detonators in the blast holes are arranged at positions close to the seat bottom mud, and the blasting power of the blasting structure is increased.
2. When the energy-accumulating pipe explodes, main explosion energy of the energy-accumulating pipe is accumulated near the energy-accumulating groove, the energy-accumulating groove of the energy-accumulating pipe is set to point to the tangential direction of the virtual U-shaped line, the explosion energy of the energy-accumulating pipe can be accumulated between two adjacent peripheral holes, the blasting position can be torn along the arrangement direction of the peripheral holes, a gap is cut, the roadway is regularly formed, and the requirement can be met by the fact that the energy-accumulating pipe advances to the size.
3. The flue gas that produces among the blasting process contains harmful substance, and in the actual blasting, the operator can get into confined tent during the blasting, explodes afterwards, and the blasting is accomplished the back, waits that the flue gas scatters, leaves the tent again, prevents that the operator from inhaling the flue gas, and the security is better.
4. According to the blasting method, the arrangement mode of the blast holes is optimized, the energy-collecting pipes are arranged in the peripheral holes, the detonators in the blast holes are arranged at the positions close to the seat bottom mud, the blasting power of the blasting method is increased, the requirement of footage during actual blasting can be met by adopting the blasting structure, and the requirement of rapid tunneling can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a shot hole distribution of a blasting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the charging of a peripheral blasthole in an embodiment of the invention (detonator reverse installation);
FIG. 3 is a side view of the concentrator tube and the locator block of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the charging of blastholes other than peripheral blastholes (detonator reverse charging) in an embodiment of the invention; wherein,
seat bottom mud-201, energy gathering pipes-202, water sand bags-203, sealing mud-204, detonators-205, explosives-206, positioning blocks-207, leg wires-208 and water stemming-209.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a blasting structure includes an auxiliary slot hole, a slot hole, two circles of holes, three circles of holes, four circles of holes, five circles of holes, a peripheral hole, a bottom hole, and a ditch hole.
As shown in fig. 1, the auxiliary slot holes are opened in the middle of the blasting section, each auxiliary slot hole is distributed at intervals up and down, and the distance between adjacent auxiliary slot holes is 480-520 mm; in this embodiment, 4 auxiliary cutting holes are provided, namely, the blastholes marked with the numbers 9, 10, 11 and 12 in fig. 1, and the distance between the adjacent auxiliary cutting holes is 500 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the undercut hole (the blastholes numbered 1-8 in fig. 1), the two circles of holes (the blastholes numbered 13-23 in fig. 1), and the peripheral hole (the blastholes numbered 75-97 in fig. 1) are sequentially opened at the periphery of the auxiliary undercut hole, and the undercut hole, the two circles of holes, and the peripheral hole are respectively distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the distance from the straight line of the U-shaped line of the undercut hole to the vertical line of each auxiliary undercut hole is 480-.
The auxiliary cutting hole parameters are as follows: the diameter of the hole is 42mm, the depth is 2.2-2.4m, preferably 2.4m, the included angle between the side view direction and the blasting section is 79-90 degrees, preferably 79 degrees, and the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 90 degrees.
The cutting hole and the two circles of holes positioned at the arc line of the virtual U-shaped line are both vertical to the blasting section.
The parameters of the cutting hole are as follows: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2.2-2.4m, preferably 2.4m, the included angle between the side view direction of the cutting hole at the straight line of the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 90 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 79-83 degrees, preferably 83 degrees, the hole bottom is deviated to the middle, and the distance between the adjacent cutting holes is 360-500mm, preferably 500 mm.
The two-circle eye parameters are as follows: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the preferred depth is 2.2m, the included angle between the side view direction of two circles of eyes positioned at the straight line of the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 83-90 degrees, the preferred angle is 83 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 83-90 degrees, the preferred angle is 83 degrees, the hole bottom deviates to the middle, and the distance between two adjacent circles of eyes is 460-500mm, the preferred angle is 500 mm.
The peripheral eye parameters are as follows: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the preferred 2.2mm, the included angle between the side view direction of the peripheral eyes positioned at the straight line of the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 90 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 92-93 degrees, the preferred 93 degrees, the hole bottom of the hole is deviated to two sides, the elevation angle of the peripheral eyes positioned at the arc line of the virtual U-shaped line is 1-3 degrees, the preferred 2 degrees, and the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 90 degrees. The distance between adjacent peripheral eyes is 480 mm, preferably 500mm, 520 mm.
As shown in figure 2, seat bottom mud 201, energy collecting pipes 202, water sand bags 203 and sealing mud 204 are arranged in the peripheral holes in sequence from the bottom to the hole openings, the length of the seat bottom mud 201 along the axial direction is 50mm, the length of the energy collecting pipes 202 is 750-1500mm, preferably 1200mm, the length of the water sand bags 203 is 250mm, the diameter is 42mm, two water sand bags 203 are arranged in each peripheral hole, an initiating explosive roll containing a detonator 205 and an explosive 206 are arranged in the energy collecting pipes 202, the explosive 206 in the peripheral holes adopts three-level coal mine allowable type industrial water-gel explosives, the specification is 27 multiplied by 430mm, the mass is 0.294 Kg/roll, the explosive can be directly arranged at a corresponding position without injecting explosive into the pipes by using an injection gun as before, the use is convenient, the air bubbles are prevented from being injected to generate, the blasting effect is influenced, except that the detonator 205 in the peripheral holes in the two rows of the lowest holes is positioned at one end close to the seat bottom mud 201, the detonator 205 is positioned at one end far away from the seat bottom mud 201, the detonator 205 is of a detonator reverse installation structure close to the fundus of the eye, and the detonator 205 is of a detonator forward installation structure close to the eye opening.
As shown in figures 2 and 3, the energy-gathering pipe 202 is installed in the peripheral hole through a positioning block 207, a leg line 208 is led out from the detonator 205 and extends to the hole opening, the energy-gathering groove of the energy-gathering pipe 202 points to the tangential direction of the virtual U-shaped line, the opening of the sand bag 203 faces the fundus, and the sand bag 203 is 300mm away from the hole opening 250-.
And the system also comprises a closed tent (not shown in the figure), wherein the tent is built in the shaft, and the tent is communicated with a gas supply system of the shaft through a wind sleeve so as to provide air for the tent.
As shown in fig. 4, seat bottom mud 201, explosive 206, water stemming 209 and sealing mud 204 are sequentially arranged in other holes except for the peripheral holes from the hole bottom to the hole opening, the length of the seat bottom mud 201 along the axial direction is 50mm, the length of the water stemming 209 is 250mm, the diameter is 42mm, two water stemming 209 are arranged in each hole, an initiating explosive roll containing a detonator 205 is arranged at one end of the explosive 206 close to the seat bottom mud 201 except for the holes of the two rows of holes at the bottom, an initiating explosive roll containing the detonator 205 is arranged at one end of the explosive 206 of the two rows of holes at the bottom far away from the seat bottom mud 201, and a foot line 208 is led out from the detonator 205 and extends to the hole opening.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model further comprises three circles of holes (the blastholes marked with 24-37 in fig. 1), the three circles of holes are positioned between the two circles of holes and the peripheral holes, the three circles of holes are distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the U-shaped lines of the three circles of holes are at a distance of 480-.
The parameters for the three circles of eyes are as follows: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, preferably 2.2m, three circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between the adjacent three circles of holes is 460-500mm, preferably 500 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model also comprises four circles of holes (the blastholes marked with numbers 38-54 in fig. 1), the four circles of holes are positioned between the three circles of holes and the peripheral holes, the four circles of holes are distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the U-shaped lines of the four circles of holes are at a distance of 480 mm and 520mm, preferably 500mm, from the three circles of holes, and if no other holes are arranged between the four circles of holes and the peripheral holes, the distance between the four circles of holes and the peripheral holes is 400mm and 500mm, preferably 400 mm.
The parameters for the four eye circles are as follows: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, preferably 2.2m, four circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between every two adjacent circles of holes is 460-500mm, preferably 500 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model also comprises five circles of eyes (shot holes numbered 55-74 in fig. 1), the five circles of eyes are located between the four circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes, the five circles of eyes are distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the U-shaped lines of the five circles of eyes are separated from the four circles of eyes by 450-520mm, preferably 450mm, if no other eyes are arranged between the five circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes, the distance between the five circles of eyes and the peripheral eyes is 400-500mm, preferably 400 mm.
The parameters for the five eye circles are as follows: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, preferably 2.2m, the five circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between the adjacent five circles of holes is 460-500mm, preferably 500 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the blast-hole gun further comprises bottom holes (98-110 blast holes in fig. 1), the bottom holes are arranged right below the lowermost holes of the various types of holes, the distance between the bottom holes and the holes above the bottom holes is 400mm and 500mm, preferably 400mm, and the parameters of the bottom holes are as follows: the diameter of the hole is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, preferably 2.2m, the included angle between the bottom hole and the blasting section in the overlooking direction is the same as the included angle between the corresponding hole above the bottom hole and the blasting section, and the depression angle of the bottom hole is 1-4 degrees, preferably 3 degrees.
As shown in fig. 1, the disposable drill further comprises ditch holes (shot holes marked with 111-: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, preferably 2.2m, the included angle between a bottom hole and the blasting section in the overlooking direction is 90 degrees, the depression angle of the bottom hole is 5-15 degrees, preferably 14 degrees, and an initiating explosive cartridge containing a detonator 205 is arranged at one end, far away from the seat bottom mud 201, of the explosive 206 of the ditch hole.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the detonators in the holes numbered 1, 8, 10, 13, 23, 24, 37, 38, 54, 55, 74, 75, 97-112 are of the forward mounting structure, and the other holes are of the reverse mounting structure.
The arrangement structure of the blast holes fully considers the fact that the footage meter number of a roadway with hard lithology is guaranteed, the scheme is particularly suitable for fine sandstone roadways and the like, the rock Poulgowski coefficient of the roadway is 10-17, and the expected footage can be achieved by adopting the arrangement structure.
Example two:
a blasting method based on the blasting structure comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a blasting section;
s2, drilling: drilling holes on the blasting section according to the size in the first embodiment;
s3, charging:
charging at the peripheral holes: loading an initiating explosive cartridge and an explosive 206 containing a detonator 205 into an energy-gathering tube 202, specifically, placing the initiating explosive cartridge and the explosive 206 containing the detonator 205 into the energy-gathering tube 202, covering a cover plate, binding the two ends of the energy-gathering tube 202 firmly by using adhesive tapes, ensuring that the cartridges are tightly connected, loading seat bottom mud 201 into the eyeground of peripheral eyes, then installing the energy-gathering tube 202 into the peripheral eyes through a positioning block 207, except that the detonators 205 in the peripheral eyes of two rows of eyes at the lowest are positioned at one end close to the seat bottom mud 201, the detonators 205 in the peripheral eyes of the two rows of eyes at the lowest are positioned at one end far away from the seat bottom mud 201, leading out a leg wire 208 from the detonators 205 to extend to an orifice, then loading the detonators into a water sand bag 203, and sealing and tamping the detonators by using sealing mud;
other eye charges except the peripheral eye: filling seat bottom mud 201 into the holes, then filling an initiating explosive cartridge containing a detonator 205 into the holes except for the holes of the two rows of holes at the bottom, arranging the initiating explosive cartridge containing the detonator 205 at one end of an explosive 206 close to the seat bottom mud 201, arranging the initiating explosive cartridge containing the detonator 205 at one end of the explosive 206 of the two rows of holes at the bottom far away from the seat bottom mud 201, leading a leg wire 208 from the detonator 205 to extend to the hole opening, then filling the explosive 206, filling water stemming 209, sealing and tamping by using sealing mud 204;
after the preparation work is finished, a tent is built, and an operator enters the closed tent to prevent the operator from sucking smoke during detonation;
s4, blasting: firstly detonating the cut hole, then simultaneously detonating the auxiliary cut hole and the two circles of cut holes, then sequentially detonating the three circles of cut holes and the four circles of cut holes, and finally simultaneously detonating the five circles of cut holes, the peripheral cut holes, the bottom cut holes and the ditch holes, wherein the total detonation time is five times, the time interval between two adjacent detonating times is 20-30ms, preferably 25ms, and the total detonation time is not more than 130 ms.
The blasting parameters in the present invention are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 blasting parameter table
The detonator section shown in table 1 refers to the section number of the detonator in each hole, the detonator in the embodiment is divided into 5 sections, the serial-parallel connection mode refers to a connection method that the central line of the blasting section is taken as the middle position, the left part and the right part are divided into two equal parts, the number of the left part and the right part is allowed to differ by 1 at most, the left part and the right part are respectively connected in series, and then the left part and the right part are connected in parallel to form a block.
The blasting effect achieved by the present invention is shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 blasting Effect table
| Item | Number of |
| Utilization rate of |
80％ |
| Working face footage per cycle | 2m |
| Blasting solid rock per cycle | 43.8m3 |
| Explosive consumption | 2.59kg/m3 |
| Explosive consumption per meter of tunnel | 56.66kg/m |
| Total length of borehole per cycle | 248.8m |
| Consumption of rock detonators per cubic meter | 2.56 pieces/m3 |
| Consumption of detonators per metre of roadway | 56 pieces/m |
The ratio of the footage after blasting and the footage in the conventional blasting process is shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 blasting footage comparison table
| Item | Conventional process footage/m | The scheme advances the length per meter |
| Cutting hole | 1.7 | 2.1 |
| Auxiliary slotting hole | 1.7 | 2.1 |
| Two circles of eyes | 1.5 | 2 |
| Three-ring eye | 1.5 | 2 |
| Four-ring eye | 1.5 | 2 |
| Five-ring eye | 1.5 | 2 |
| Peripheral eye | 1.5 | 2 |
| Bottom hole | 1.5 | 2 |
| Ditch hole | 1.5 | 2 |
The invention optimizes the arrangement mode of each blast hole, arranges the energy-collecting pipes 202 in the peripheral holes, arranges the detonators 205 in each blast hole at the positions close to the seat bottom mud 201, and increases the blasting power.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A blasting construction characterized by: comprises an auxiliary cut hole, a cut hole, two circles of holes and peripheral holes;
the auxiliary cutting holes are formed in the middle of the blasting section, the auxiliary cutting holes are distributed at intervals up and down, and the distance between every two adjacent auxiliary cutting holes is 480-520 mm;
the auxiliary cutting hole is sequentially arranged at the periphery of the auxiliary cutting hole, the two circles of holes and the peripheral holes are respectively distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped lines, the distance from the straight line of the U-shaped line of the cutting hole to the vertical line of each auxiliary cutting hole is 480 plus 500mm, the distance from the U-shaped line of the two circles of holes to the U-shaped line of the cutting hole is 450 plus 500mm, and if no other holes are arranged between the two circles of holes and the peripheral holes, the distance from the U-shaped line of the peripheral holes to the U-shaped line of the two circles of holes is 400 plus 500 mm;
the auxiliary cutting hole parameters are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2.2-2.4m, the included angle between the side view direction and the blasting section is 79-90 degrees, and the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 90 degrees;
the cutting hole and the two circles of holes positioned at the arc line of the virtual U-shaped line are vertical to the blasting section;
the parameters of the cutting hole are as follows: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2.2-2.4m, the included angle between the side view direction of the cutting hole positioned at the straight line of the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 90 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 79-83 degrees, the hole bottom is deviated to the middle, and the distance between the adjacent cutting holes is 360-500 mm;
the two-circle eye parameters are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the included angle between the side view direction of two circles of eyes positioned at the straight line of the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 83-90 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 83-90 degrees, the hole bottom deflects to the middle, and the distance between two adjacent circles of eyes is 460-500 mm;
the peripheral eye parameters are as follows: the diameter of the hole is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the included angle between the side view direction of the peripheral eyes positioned at the virtual U-shaped line and the blasting section is 90 degrees, the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 92-93 degrees, the hole bottom is deflected to two sides, the elevation angle of the peripheral eyes positioned at the virtual U-shaped line is 1-3 degrees, and the included angle between the top view direction and the blasting section is 90 degrees. The distance between adjacent peripheral eyes is 480-520 mm;
seat bottom mud (201), an energy collecting pipe (202), a sand bag (203) and sealing mud (204) are sequentially arranged in the peripheral holes from the hole bottom to the hole opening, an initiating explosive cartridge containing a detonator (205) and explosive (206) are arranged in the energy collecting pipe (202), the detonators (205) in the peripheral holes except for two rows of holes at the bottom are positioned at one end close to the seat bottom mud (201), the detonators (205) in the peripheral holes in the two rows of holes at the bottom are positioned at one end far away from the seat bottom mud (201), the energy collecting pipe (202) is installed in the peripheral holes through positioning blocks (207), and a foot line (208) is led out from the detonators (205) and extends to the hole opening;
seat bottom mud (201), explosive (206), water stemming (209) and sealing mud (204) are sequentially arranged from the bottom of a hole to an orifice in other holes except for peripheral holes, an initiating explosive roll containing a detonator (205) is arranged at one end, close to the seat bottom mud (201), in the explosive (206) except for the holes of the two rows of holes at the bottom, an initiating explosive roll containing a detonator (205) is arranged at one end, far away from the seat bottom mud (201), in the explosive (206) of the two rows of holes at the bottom, and a foot line (208) is led out from the detonator (205) and extends to the orifice.
2. A blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein: the three-circle eye is positioned between the two-circle eye and the peripheral eye, the three-circle eye is distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped line, the U-shaped line of the three-circle eye is 520mm away from the two-circle eye 480, and if no other eye is arranged between the three-circle eye and the peripheral eye, the distance between the three-circle eye and the peripheral eye is 400mm and 500 mm;
the parameters for the three circles of eyes are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, three circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between the adjacent three circles of holes is 460-500 mm.
3. A blasting construction according to claim 2, wherein: the four-circle eye is positioned between the three-circle eye and the peripheral eye, the four-circle eye is distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped line, the distance between the U-shaped line of the four-circle eye and the peripheral eye is 480-fold and 520mm, and if no other eye is arranged between the four-circle eye and the peripheral eye, the distance between the four-circle eye and the peripheral eye is 400-fold and 500 mm;
the parameters for the four eye circles are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, four circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between the adjacent four circles of holes is 460-500 mm.
4. A blasting construction according to claim 3, wherein: the five-circle eye is positioned between the four-circle eye and the peripheral eye, the five-circle eye is distributed on the corresponding virtual inverted U-shaped line, the U-shaped line of the five-circle eye is 520mm away from the four-circle eye, and if no other eye is arranged between the five-circle eye and the peripheral eye, the distance between the five-circle eye and the peripheral eye is 400mm away from 500 mm;
the parameters for the five eye circles are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the five circles of holes are vertical to the blasting section, and the distance between the adjacent five circles of holes is 460-500 mm.
5. A blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein: the eye-protection device also comprises a bottom eye, wherein the bottom eye is arranged right below the lowermost eye of each type of eye, the distance between the bottom eye and the eye above the bottom eye is 400-500mm, and the parameters of the bottom eye are as follows: the aperture is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the included angle between the bottom hole and the blasting section in the overlooking direction is the same as the included angle between the corresponding hole above the bottom hole and the blasting section, and the depression angle of the bottom hole is 1-4 degrees.
6. A blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein: still include the ditch eye, the ditch eye is seted up at the below side of each eye, and the distance of ditch eye and its top eye is 480-: the hole diameter is 42mm, the depth is 2-2.2m, the included angle between a bottom hole and the blasting section in the overlooking direction is 90 degrees, the depression angle of the bottom hole is 5-15 degrees, and an initiating explosive cartridge containing a detonator (205) is arranged at one end, far away from the seat bottom mud (201), of the explosive (206) of the ditch hole.
7. A blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein: the energy gathering grooves of the energy gathering pipes (202) point to the tangential direction of the virtual U-shaped line.
8. A blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein: the opening of the sand bag (203) faces the fundus oculi, and the distance between the sand bag (203) and the eye opening is 250-300 mm.
9. A blasting construction according to claim 1, wherein: the air supply system of the mine roadway is communicated with the air supply system of the mine roadway through the wind sleeves, so that air is supplied to the tent.
10. A method of blasting based on a blasting construction according to any of claims 1-9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a blasting section;
s2, drilling: drilling holes on the blasting section according to the size;
s3, charging:
charging at the peripheral holes: loading an initiating explosive cartridge containing detonators (205) and explosives (206) into an energy-collecting tube (202), loading seat bottom mud (201) into the fundus of a peripheral eye, then installing the energy-collecting tube (202) into the peripheral eye through a positioning block (207), leading out a leg wire (208) from the detonators (205) to extend to an orifice, then loading into a sand bag (203), and sealing and tamping by using sealing mud (204), wherein the detonators (205) in the peripheral eye except for two rows of holes at the bottom are positioned at one end close to the seat bottom mud (201), and the detonators (205) in the peripheral eye in the two rows of holes at the bottom are positioned at one end far away from the seat bottom mud (201);
other eye charges except the peripheral eye: filling seat bottom mud (201) into the holes, then filling an initiating explosive cartridge containing a detonator (205) into the holes, except for the holes of the two rows of holes at the bottom, arranging the initiating explosive cartridge containing the detonator (205) at one end of the explosive (206) close to the seat bottom mud (201), arranging the initiating explosive cartridge containing the detonator (205) at one end of the explosive (206) of the two rows of holes at the bottom far away from the seat bottom mud (201), leading a leg wire (208) from the detonator (205) to extend to an orifice, then filling the explosive (206), filling water stemming (209), sealing with sealing mud (204) and tamping;
s4, blasting: firstly, detonating the cut hole, then simultaneously detonating the auxiliary cut hole and the two circles of cut holes, and then detonating the peripheral holes, wherein the time interval between two adjacent detonating is 20-30ms, and the total detonating time is not more than 130 ms.
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| CN202010199333.7A CN111238324A (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2020-03-20 | Blasting structure and blasting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113758389A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-07 | 中交路桥华南工程有限公司 | Blast hole charging structure for energy-gathered water pressure blasting |
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| DE2729981A1 (en) * | 1977-07-02 | 1979-01-18 | Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh | Protecting miners against falling rock and lumps of coal in deep mines - by lining the coal face at the blasting site with thick plastics film |
| CN107764144A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-06 | 北京住总集团有限责任公司 | A kind of tunnel Millisecond Controlled Blasting method |
| CN212409511U (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-01-26 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Blasting structure |
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2020
- 2020-03-20 CN CN202010199333.7A patent/CN111238324A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2729981A1 (en) * | 1977-07-02 | 1979-01-18 | Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh | Protecting miners against falling rock and lumps of coal in deep mines - by lining the coal face at the blasting site with thick plastics film |
| CN107764144A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-06 | 北京住总集团有限责任公司 | A kind of tunnel Millisecond Controlled Blasting method |
| CN212409511U (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-01-26 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Blasting structure |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113758389A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-07 | 中交路桥华南工程有限公司 | Blast hole charging structure for energy-gathered water pressure blasting |
| CN113758389B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-08-18 | 中交路桥华南工程有限公司 | Hole charging structure for energy-gathering hydraulic blasting |
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