CN111237001A - Construction method of hydropower station traffic hole group - Google Patents
Construction method of hydropower station traffic hole group Download PDFInfo
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- CN111237001A CN111237001A CN202010033952.9A CN202010033952A CN111237001A CN 111237001 A CN111237001 A CN 111237001A CN 202010033952 A CN202010033952 A CN 202010033952A CN 111237001 A CN111237001 A CN 111237001A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical class O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
- E21F5/04—Spraying barriers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/703—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps specially for fans, e.g. fan guards
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/70—Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of infrastructure construction engineering, and discloses a hydropower station traffic cave group construction method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: formulating ventilation, smoke exhaust and dust removal schemes during tunnel excavation; step 2: a tunnel drilling and blasting scheme is formulated, a double-wedge cut and full-section excavation construction method is adopted for III-grade surrounding rock tunnel sections, and anchor rod support and step method excavation is adopted for IV-grade and V-grade surrounding rock deep buried tunnel sections; and step 3: after the tunnel is excavated, the inverted arch is lined firstly, then the inverted arch is filled, the concrete construction of the pavement base layer is carried out, and after the primary support is converged, the concrete construction of the arch wall is finished by one-step lining by using the lining template trolley. The method can scientifically utilize working faces of all the caverns, strives for time, is reasonable in construction period arrangement, can be used for continuous construction of various workers, realizes professional construction, realizes reasonable overlapping among various operation workers, is relatively balanced in input construction resources, is beneficial to organization work of resource supply, and improves construction efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of infrastructure construction engineering, and particularly relates to a hydropower station traffic cave group construction method.
Background
At present, hydropower market development gradually shifts to remote areas, and the terrain conditions in construction areas are complex, so that the highway design in power station plants is mainly based on tunnels, and the highway system in the plants is mainly based on tunnel hole groups, so that the length of the tunnels is long, the difficulties of connection among processes and ventilation, smoke exhaust, dust removal and construction power supply of long tunnel construction are increased, but in order to pursue greater benefits, the construction period cannot be prolonged, the construction period is often compressed as much as possible within a reasonable range, and therefore a set of technology for quickly constructing the tunnel hole groups of the roads needs to be summarized, so that the construction target can be normally completed, and even can be completed in advance.
For example, the patent application with the chinese patent application number CN201910988617.1 discloses a construction method of a totally weathered granite ground-bias shallow tunnel, which is characterized in that: the construction of the shallow buried tunnel along the granite ground layer by bias voltage comprises the following steps: step 1), leveling a field and arranging a drainage ditch: leveling the field by adopting manual and mechanical cooperation, arranging drainage ditches at the periphery of the field, and communicating the drainage ditches with natural ditches outside the field; step 2), settlement observation and monitoring measurement and calibration: excavating the tunnel, setting settlement observation points in the tunnel and on the earth surface, and monitoring, measuring and recording; step 3), reinforcement operation: reinforcing the tunnel surface, the arch crown and the inverted arch bottom; step 4), setting an earth surface dewatering well: arranging a plurality of dewatering wells on the surface of the tunnel without reinforcement treatment; step 5) surface deep hole grouting: forming grouting holes on the reinforced tunnel ground surface and performing deep hole grouting; step 6), main hole construction: and (5) excavating and supporting the tunnel main tunnel.
In the process of technical application, the construction method has the following technical problems:
ventilation and dust fall on a construction working face are not considered, so that the construction environment is relatively severe, and the efficiency of tunnel construction is reduced; and only a supporting excavation mode is adopted, the excavation mode is single, and the construction economy is not considered.
Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the inventor provides a hydropower station traffic cave group construction method by combining construction experience.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a hydropower station traffic cave group construction method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: formulating ventilation, smoke exhaust and dust removal schemes during tunnel excavation;
step 1.1: installing a press-in type ventilation device along with the tunnel excavation, so that the smoke dust after blasting is diluted and discharged through the press-in type ventilation;
step 1.2: along with the tunnel excavation, a water-lowering curtain is arranged at a position close to a construction working face to reduce the escape of smoke dust;
step 1.3: the equipment generating the dust and the dust generating place are sealed by adopting a physical isolation mode to reduce the dust raising area and reduce or isolate the dust from contacting with air;
step 2: a tunnel drilling and blasting scheme is formulated, a double-wedge cut and full-section excavation construction method is adopted for III-grade surrounding rock tunnel sections, and anchor rod support and step method excavation is adopted for IV-grade and V-grade surrounding rock deep buried tunnel sections;
and step 3: after the tunnel is excavated, the inverted arch is lined firstly, then the inverted arch is filled, the concrete construction of the pavement base layer is carried out, and after the primary support is converged, the concrete construction of the arch wall is finished by one-step lining by using the lining template trolley.
Further, in the step 2, along with the increase of the tunneling length of the tunnel, a water curtain isolation belt is arranged at a position 50-60m away from the excavation working face.
Furthermore, the water curtain dust separation belt is made of two galvanized pipes drilled with holes of 2mm in diameter, dust is blocked by sprayed water mist, and the distance between the two pipes is 0.5-1.0 m.
Further, in the step 2, the method also comprises the step of formulating a blasting safety monitoring scheme, wherein a blasting vibration test is carried out on the tunnel blasting by adopting a blasting seismometer, and parameters of the cavern surrounding rock and blasting are analyzed through multiple times of test result regression so as to calculate the step distance between the tunnel excavation and the concrete pouring.
Further, the vibration of X, Y, Z three directions of vibration waves is tested in frequency at the position 20m away from the shot point by the vibration selection, and the test items comprise a maximum value, a maximum value time, an FFT dominant frequency, a measuring range and a sensitivity coefficient.
Further, in the step 2, a step of drilling a blast hole is also included, wherein the blast hole comprises a smooth surface hole, a caving hole and a slotted hole, the smooth surface hole is distributed along a structural line of the tunnel at an interval of 0.5m in a circling ring shape, a small cartridge continuous non-coupling charging plug is adopted to plug the detonating tube for connection, a time difference detonating mode is adopted in the hole, and the charging coefficient is 0.45; the first row of the caving holes is arranged 0.7m away from the wall of the hole, the row spacing is 1m, the circumferential spacing is 0.8m, the detonating tubes are connected by adopting small cartridges and continuous non-coupling explosive filling plugs, the holes are in a time difference detonating mode, and the explosive filling coefficient is 0.45; the design size of the cut hole area is 1.5m multiplied by 3m, the distance between two layers of cut holes is 0.4m, the drilling depth of the outer layer is 3.2m, the drilling depth of the inner layer is 2.3m, the small cartridges are connected by plugging a detonating tube by adopting continuous non-coupling charging plugs, the time difference detonating mode is adopted in the holes, the unit dosage is 0.767kg/m3。
Further, step 2 includes dividing the construction working surface into an upper layer and a lower layer, performing upper layer excavation construction, performing lower layer excavation construction, performing primary support immediately after upper layer excavation circulation, performing lower layer excavation when the upper layer excavation distance is close to 20m, and performing construction by adopting a one-time blasting excavation mode.
Further, the anchor rod supporting in step 2 comprises:
measuring the drilling position of the anchor rod according to a preset supporting scheme, wherein the drilling position is marked;
drilling the marked position by using an anchor rod drilling machine, pulling out a drill rod after the marked position reaches the designed hole depth, flushing the drill hole by using high-pressure water flow, pulling out the drill rod after cleaning, and cleaning the drill hole by using a high-pressure fan;
preparing grouting mortar, and pressing the mortar into the drilled hole by adopting a grouting pump matched with a grouting pipe;
and inserting the anchor rod into the drilled hole, and plugging the drilled hole to prevent mortar from flowing out.
Further, the mortar comprises 200 parts of cement 120-.
Further, in step 1.1, installing the press-in ventilation device comprises the following steps:
step 1.11: installing a press-in axial flow fan on one side of the tunnel wall 15-16m away from the tunnel portal along the main construction tunnel, sending the air quantity of the press-in axial flow fan into a position 10-12m away from the excavation working face through an air supply pipe, and continuously connecting a new air supply pipe along with the tunnel excavation;
step 1.12: mechanically supplying air at the same side of the tunnel portal as the side where the press-in axial flow fan is installed so as to facilitate the clean air suction of the press-in axial flow fan;
step 1.13: at the opposite side in tunnel, apart from the position installation of excavation operation face 15m with dirty gas exhaust efflux fan, the efflux direction is towards the direction of tunnel entrance to a cave, along with the going on of tunnel excavation, establish a efflux fan at every interval 15m between excavation operation face and tunnel entrance to a cave, the efflux direction is towards the direction of tunnel entrance to a cave, set up suction formula axial fan in the position apart from entrance to a cave 5m, the dirty gas that sends into the efflux fan passes through the blast pipe and discharges to dirty gas filters the dust fall and handles.
Further, when the length of the blast pipe exceeds 60m, the wind pressure of the press-in axial flow fan is increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the hydropower station traffic cave dwelling construction method can scientifically utilize working surfaces of all caverns, strive for time, is reasonable in construction period arrangement, enables various workers to carry out continuous construction, achieves specialized construction, enables the operators to be skilled in operation technology, achieves maximum reasonable overlapping among various operating workers, is relatively balanced in input construction resources, facilitates organization work of resource supply, and creates favorable conditions for civilized construction and field scientific management.
2. Through ventilation, smoke exhaust and dust removal schemes during tunnel excavation, ventilation, smoke exhaust and dust removal are carried out along with the process of tunnel excavation, extra construction time is not occupied, excavation and excavation auxiliary operation are carried out synchronously, and the whole construction time of traffic cave group construction is shortened.
3. The construction method of the hydropower station traffic hole group adopts a water curtain, physical isolation and a water curtain isolation belt to form a multi-stage dust settling means.
4. According to the hydropower station traffic cave group construction method, different construction schemes are adopted for different surrounding rock cave sections, the tunnel is constructed in a targeted manner, and the tunnel construction efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, it should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Examples
A hydropower station traffic hole group construction method comprises the following steps:
step 1: formulating ventilation, smoke exhaust and dust removal schemes during tunnel excavation;
step 1.1: installing a press-in type ventilation device, so that smoke dust after blasting is diluted and discharged through press-in type ventilation, arranging a ventilation opening of a ventilator outside a tunnel opening to ensure that air entering the tunnel is fresh air, arranging the ventilation pipe along a roof arch of the wall of the tunnel to perform tunnel construction smoke exhaust and provide fresh air for a working surface by adopting a soft air cylinder matched with the ventilation fan, and continuously extending the ventilation pipe to the working surface along with continuous propulsion of the excavation working surface and keeping a distance of 10m with the excavation working surface;
step 1.2: arranging a water lowering curtain at a position close to a construction working face to reduce the escape of smoke dust;
step 1.3: the device for generating the dust and the dust generation place are sealed by adopting a physical isolation mode so as to reduce the dust raising area, reduce or isolate the contact of the dust and air and prevent the dust from diffusing due to the vibration of mechanical equipment;
step 2: a tunnel drilling and blasting scheme is formulated, a double-wedge cut and full-section excavation construction method is adopted for III-grade surrounding rock tunnel sections, and anchor rod support and step method excavation is adopted for IV-grade and V-grade surrounding rock deep buried tunnel sections;
and step 3: after the tunnel is excavated, the inverted arch is lined firstly, then the inverted arch is filled, the concrete construction of the pavement base layer is carried out, and after the primary support is converged, the concrete construction of the arch wall is finished by one-step lining by using the lining template trolley.
In the embodiment, taking the excavation of the road tunnel of the lava hydropower station upstream of the Jinshajiang as an example, the excavation size of the tunnel is 12.08m × 8.3m, and the area of the single-section excavation surface is 84.41m2And calculating the footage by 3m in each cycle, and calculating the excavation quantity: 253.23m3And the outlet tunneling excavation adopts YT28 hand-operated air drill for drilling, the aperture of the hand-operated air drill is 40mm, the drilling depth is 3m, 2# rock emulsion explosive is used, the diameter of the explosive cartridge is phi 32mm, and the inlet tunneling excavation adopts tunneling drill jumbo for construction.
The blasting holes are divided into smooth surface holes, caving holes and slotted holes, the smooth surface holes are arranged along structural lines and are 62 holes in total, the annular ring spacing is 0.5m, the bottom plate spacing is 0.75m, the smooth surface holes are connected and detonated by small explosive cartridges at intervals without coupling explosive charging detonating cords, and the average linear explosive density is 200 g/m.
The first row of the collapse holes is arranged 0.7m away from the wall of the hole, the row spacing is 1m, the circumferential spacing is 0.8m, 86 holes are formed in total, the small cartridges are connected through plugging detonating tubes without coupling explosive loading plugs, the time difference detonation mode in the holes is adopted, and the explosive loading coefficient is 0.45.
The cut hole adopts a double-wedge cut mode, the design size of the cut area is 1.5m multiplied by 3m, the distance between two cut holes is 0.4m, the drilling depth of the outer layer is 3.2m, the drilling depth of the inner layer is 2.3m, small explosive cartridges are adopted to continuously block a detonating tube without coupling explosive loading plugs for connection, a time difference detonating mode is adopted in the hole, the unit explosive consumption is 0.767kg/m3。
The construction in the outlet tunneling direction adopts YT28 hand pneumatic drill for drilling, 2 backhoes are matched with 5 15t dump trucks to be loaded to a zigzag-guided Lang slag yard, the outlet tunneling excavation plan advances by 2.5-2.8 m per cycle, the cycle time is 12 h/cycle, 2 cycles/d, the daily advance is 5-5.5 m/d, and the average monthly advance is about 120 m/month by considering factors such as supporting, construction imbalance and the like; drilling holes in an inlet tunneling direction by adopting 1 rock drilling trolley, loading and transporting blasting stone slag to a slag yard by adopting an electric slag raking machine and 5 15t dump trucks, advancing to reach 2.5-2.8 m per excavation cycle, wherein the cycle time is 9 h/cycle, 2.5 cycles/d and the daily advancing to reach 6-7 m/d, and taking factors such as support, construction imbalance and the like into consideration, the average monthly advancing is about 180 m/month.
In step 1.1 of this embodiment, installing the press-in register comprises the steps of:
step 1.11: installing a press-in axial flow fan on one side of the tunnel wall 15-16m away from the tunnel portal along the main construction tunnel, sending the air quantity of the press-in axial flow fan into a position 10-12m away from the excavation working face through an air supply pipe, and continuously connecting a new air supply pipe along with the tunnel excavation;
step 1.12: mechanically supplying air at the same side of the tunnel portal as the side where the press-in axial flow fan is installed so as to facilitate the clean air suction of the press-in axial flow fan;
step 1.13: at the opposite side in tunnel, the one side that also is relative with forced axial fan, apart from the position installation of excavation working face 15m with dirty gas exhaust efflux fan, the efflux direction is towards the direction of tunnel entrance to a cave, along with the going on of tunnel excavation, establish a efflux fan at every interval 15m between excavation working face and tunnel entrance to a cave, the efflux direction is towards the direction of tunnel entrance to a cave, set up suction formula axial fan at the position apart from entrance to a cave 5m, dirty gas that sends into efflux fan passes through the blast pipe and discharges to dirty gas filters the dust fall and handles.
In step 1.11 of this embodiment, when the length of the air supply pipe exceeds 60m, the air pressure of the press-in axial flow fan is increased to ensure that the flow air smoothly enters the excavation working face area.
In step 2 of this embodiment, a water curtain isolation zone is provided at a position 50 to 60m from the excavation working face as the tunneling length of the tunnel increases.
Wherein, the water curtain dust-separating belt is made of two galvanized pipes drilled with the diameter of 2mm, the hole distance of the drilled holes is 3 cm-5 cm, dust is blocked by sprayed water mist, and the distance between the two pipes is 0.5 m-1.0 m.
In step 2 of this embodiment, a blasting safety monitoring scheme is further formulated, where a Blast-UM blasting seismometer (EMI53641) is used to perform a blasting vibration test on tunnel blasting, multiple test results are subjected to regression analysis to obtain parameters of surrounding rocks and blasting of a cavern, so as to calculate a step distance between tunnel excavation and concrete pouring, a vibration selection location is 20m away from a blasting point, frequency tests are performed on X, Y, Z vibration of vibration waves in three directions, the measurement items include a maximum value, a maximum value time, an FFT dominant frequency, a range and sensitivity coefficients, a vibration velocity of mass points in an X direction is 10HZ < f ≤ 50HZ and 8-12 cm/s, a vibration velocity of mass points in a Y direction is in f >50HZ and 10-15 cm/s, a vibration velocity of mass points in a Z direction is in f >50HZ and 10-15 cm/s, and a GB6722-2014 vibration safety standard is provided according to safety regulations, the vibration speeds of the particles in the three directions are within the standard range.
In step 2 of this embodiment, the construction method includes dividing a construction operation surface into an upper layer and a lower layer, performing upper layer excavation construction, performing lower layer excavation construction, performing primary support immediately after upper layer excavation circulation, performing lower layer excavation when the upper layer excavation distance is close to 20m, performing lower layer excavation, and performing lower layer excavation by adopting a one-time blasting excavation mode, wherein the upper layer excavation is arc-shaped excavation, the maximum excavation height is 6m, and the minimum is 4.6m, and the one-time blasting excavation is performed by adopting a double-wedge undermining mode, and blasting holes are divided into smooth surface holes, collapse holes and undermining holes, the smooth surface holes are arranged along a structural line, and are 33 holes in total, the hole depth is 2m, the arch ring circumferential interval is 0.5m, the smooth blasting holes are connected with detonating cables through small explosive cartridges at intervals and without coupling explosive charges, and the average linear explosive density is determined as 250g/m primarily; the first rows of the collapse holes are arranged according to the wall of the hole with the row spacing of 1m and the annular spacing of 0.8m, and the total number of 48 holes is 48, the small explosive cartridges are connected by plugging detonating tubes by continuous non-coupling explosive filling plugs, and the explosive coefficient in the holes is 0.45 by a time difference initiation mode; the cut hole adopts a double-wedge cut mode, the design size of a cut area is 1.5m multiplied by 3m, the distance between the second layer cut holes is 0.4m, the drilling depth is 2.1m, and a small cartridge continuous non-coupling charging plug is adopted to plug a detonating tube for connection and a time difference detonating mode in the hole.
Performing primary support immediately after the upper layer excavation circulation; when the upper layer excavation distance is close to 20m, the lower layer excavation is carried out, the lower layer excavation is also carried out by adopting a one-time blasting excavation mode, the maximum excavation height is 5m, and the drill holes are divided into smooth surface holes and blasting holes. Smooth surface holes are arranged along a structural line, the total number of the smooth surface holes is 33, the hole depth is 2m, the cyclic annular spacing is 0.5m, the smooth surface holes are connected and detonated by small explosive cartridges at intervals without coupling explosive charging detonating cords, and the average linear explosive density is preliminarily set to be 250 g/m; the blasting holes are arranged according to the wall of the hole by 0.7m, the row spacing is 1m, the circumferential spacing is 0.8m, and 48 holes are formed in total, the small cartridges are connected by plugging detonating tubes without coupling charge plugs, the detonation mode is carried out in a hole time difference mode, the charge coefficient is 0.45, and the support is carried out following the excavation.
In step 2 of the present embodiment, the bolting includes:
measuring the drilling position of the anchor rod according to a preset supporting scheme, wherein the drilling position is marked;
drilling the marked position by using an anchor rod drilling machine, pulling out a drill rod after the marked position reaches the designed hole depth, flushing the drill hole by using high-pressure water flow, pulling out the drill rod after cleaning, and cleaning the drill hole by using a high-pressure fan;
preparing grouting mortar, and pressing the mortar into the drilled hole by adopting a grouting pump matched with a grouting pipe;
and inserting the anchor rod into the drilled hole, and plugging the drilled hole to prevent mortar from flowing out.
Wherein the mortar comprises 200 parts of 120-200 parts of cement, 300 parts of 200-200 parts of sand, 20-25 parts of cellulose ether and butyl acrylate, 2-5 parts of organic silicon powder, 1-3 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, 5-8 parts of calcium sulphoaluminate, 5-10 parts of fly ash, 15-20 parts of sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resin, 1-3 parts of calcium chloride, 5-10 parts of sodium chloride, 1-3 parts of sodium aluminate and 350 parts of water by mass.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are described in the specification and illustrated only for illustrating the principle of the present invention, but various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention as claimed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A hydropower station traffic hole group construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: formulating ventilation, smoke exhaust and dust removal schemes during tunnel excavation;
step 1.1: installing a press-in type ventilation device along with the tunnel excavation, so that the smoke dust after blasting is diluted and discharged through the press-in type ventilation;
step 1.2: along with the tunnel excavation, a water-lowering curtain is arranged at a position close to a construction working face to reduce the escape of smoke dust;
step 1.3: sealing the equipment generating the dust and the dust generating place by adopting a physical isolation mode;
step 2: a tunnel drilling and blasting scheme is formulated, a double-wedge cut and full-section excavation construction method is adopted for III-grade surrounding rock tunnel sections, and anchor rod support and step method excavation is adopted for IV-grade and V-grade surrounding rock deep buried tunnel sections;
and step 3: after the tunnel is excavated, the inverted arch is lined firstly, then the inverted arch is filled, the concrete construction of the pavement base layer is carried out, and after the primary support is converged, the concrete construction of the arch wall is finished by one-step lining by using the lining template trolley.
2. The construction method of the hydropower station traffic hole group according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, a water curtain isolation belt is arranged at a position 50-60m away from an excavation working face along with the increase of the tunneling length of the tunnel.
3. The hydropower station traffic hole group construction method according to claim 2, wherein the step 2 further comprises a step of establishing a blasting safety monitoring scheme, wherein a blasting vibration test is carried out on tunnel blasting by using a blasting seismometer, and parameters of surrounding rocks and blasting of a cavern are analyzed through regression of test results for a plurality of times so as to calculate the step distance between tunnel excavation and concrete pouring.
4. The hydropower station traffic hole group construction method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of drilling blast holes in the step 2, wherein the blast holes comprise smooth surface holes, caving holes and cut holes, the smooth surface holes are distributed along the structural line of the tunnel and are arranged at intervals of 0.5m in a circling ring direction, small explosive rolls are adopted to continuously and uncouple explosive plugs to plug the explosive tubes for connection, and the explosive coefficient is 0.45; the first row of the caving holes is arranged 0.7m away from the wall of the hole, the row spacing is 1m, the circumferential spacing is 0.8m, the detonating tubes are connected by adopting small explosive cartridges and continuous non-coupling explosive filling plugs, and the explosive filling coefficient is 0.45; the design size of the cut hole area is 1.5m multiplied by 3m, the distance between two layers of cut holes is 0.4m, the drilling depth of the outer layer is 3.2m, the drilling depth of the inner layer is 2.3m, the small cartridges are connected by plugging detonating tubes without coupling charge plugs, the unit dose consumption is 0.767kg/m3。
5. The method for constructing the hydropower station traffic hole group according to claim 4, wherein the step 2 comprises dividing a construction working face into an upper layer and a lower layer, performing upper layer excavation construction, performing lower layer excavation construction, performing primary support after the upper layer excavation cycle, performing lower layer excavation when the upper layer excavation distance is close to 20m, and performing the lower layer excavation by adopting a one-time blasting excavation mode.
6. The hydropower station traffic hole group construction method according to claim 1, wherein the anchor rod support in the step 2 comprises: measuring the drilling position of the anchor rod according to a preset supporting scheme, wherein the drilling position is marked; drilling the marked position by using an anchor rod drilling machine, pulling out a drill rod after the marked position reaches the designed hole depth, flushing the drill hole by using high-pressure water flow, pulling out the drill rod after cleaning, and cleaning the drill hole by using a high-pressure fan; preparing grouting mortar, and pressing the mortar into the drilled hole by adopting a grouting pump matched with a grouting pipe; and inserting the anchor rod into the drilled hole, and plugging the drilled hole to prevent mortar from flowing out.
7. The construction method of the hydropower station traffic hole group as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mortar comprises 200 parts by mass of cement 120-.
8. The construction method of the hydropower station traffic hole group according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 1.1, the step of installing the press-in type ventilation device comprises the following steps:
step 1.11: installing a press-in axial flow fan on one side of the tunnel wall 15-16m away from the tunnel portal along the main construction tunnel, sending the air quantity of the press-in axial flow fan into a position 10-12m away from the excavation working face through an air supply pipe, and continuously connecting a new air supply pipe along with the tunnel excavation;
step 1.12: mechanically supplying air at the same side of the tunnel portal as the side where the press-in axial flow fan is installed so as to facilitate the clean air suction of the press-in axial flow fan;
step 1.13: at the opposite side in tunnel, apart from the position installation of excavation operation face 15m with dirty gas exhaust efflux fan, the efflux direction is towards the direction of tunnel entrance to a cave, along with the going on of tunnel excavation, establish a efflux fan at every interval 15m between excavation operation face and tunnel entrance to a cave, the efflux direction is towards the direction of tunnel entrance to a cave, set up suction formula axial fan in the position apart from entrance to a cave 5m, the dirty gas that sends into the efflux fan passes through the blast pipe and discharges to dirty gas filters the dust fall and handles.
9. The construction method of the hydropower station traffic hole group according to claim 1, wherein in step 1.11, if the length of the blast pipe exceeds 60m, the wind pressure of the press-in type axial flow fan is increased.
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