CN111226988B - Composite seed soaking agent and application thereof in improving crop seed activity and reducing zinc content of seedlings under zinc stress - Google Patents
Composite seed soaking agent and application thereof in improving crop seed activity and reducing zinc content of seedlings under zinc stress Download PDFInfo
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite seed soaking agent and application thereof in improving crop seed activity and reducing seedling zinc content under zinc stress, wherein the composite seed soaking agent comprises the following components: the volume ratio is 1: 1-100 of a component A and a component B; the component A is prepared by mixing 1-100 mM of salicylic acid, 1-150 mM of indoleacetic acid and 10-200 mM of citric acid by taking water as a solvent; the component B is the rhodiola sachalinensis extract which is obtained by air drying and crushing a rhodiola sachalinensis plant and then placing the crushed rhodiola sachalinensis plant in water for leaching. The composite seed soaking agent with obvious synergistic effect is prepared by taking salicylic acid, indoleacetic acid and citric acid as effective components of the seed soaking agent and combining with an extract component of a zinc ion enrichment plant Sedum alfredii Hance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural chemistry, in particular to a composite seed soaking agent and application thereof in improving crop seed vigor and reducing seedling zinc content under zinc stress.
Background
In recent years, with the progress of urbanization and industrialization worldwide, the large-scale discharge of waste water and waste residues of industrial wastewater, the pollution of water sources caused by farmland irrigation by toxic and harmful components, the heavy-metal pollution and the like due to the massive use of highly toxic pesticides, harmful herbicides and traditional fertilizers, and the continuous occurrence of the conditions of heavy metal pollution, the environmental problems become main factors restricting the production and the quality improvement of crops.
Zinc (Zn) is one of the essential trace elements in plants, and has important nutritional and physiological functions. With the wide use of Zn fertilizer in agriculture, the development of lead-zinc ore and the discharge of industrial wastewater, Zn elements and compounds thereof enter the environment in large quantities. The Zn element in the environment is more than the requirement of the normal growth of the plants. The zinc poisoning problem of plants is obvious day by day, and the zinc is easily absorbed and accumulated by the plants and exceeds a certain limit, so that the yield and the quality of crops are seriously influenced. Zinc stress can inhibit crop seed germination, affect plant root differentiation, reduce plant photosynthesis, and cause oxidation stress and membrane damage.
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important commercial crop. In recent years, sunflowers have attracted attention because of their high ornamental, edible, and oil-use values, with the introduction of slogans such as "beauty village interest strategy" and "big garden construction". The sunflower planting scale keeps stable increasing situation year by year, and the planting income keeps favorable. The zinc stress can obviously inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of the sunflower, influence the ornamental value of the sunflower and reduce the yield and quality of the sunflower.
Salicylic acid and indoleacetic acid are ubiquitous in higher plants and are two important classes of plant hormones. The biological metabolism of salicylic acid and indoleacetic acid plays an important role in regulating plant growth and heavy metal stress response. The salicylic acid can obviously improve the germination vigor, the germination rate and the seedling quality of crop seeds under the stress of zinc, and inhibit the accumulation of a membrane lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde. The auxin can relieve the inhibition effect of zinc stress on the growth of plant roots and improve the active oxygen scavenging efficiency. The salicylic acid and the indoleacetic acid are endogenous metabolites, can be biodegraded, have no toxicity and residue on human bodies, are safe and are very suitable for production of field and facility agriculture.
Citric acid is an important low molecular weight organic acid, and can limit excessive zinc ions from entering the protoplast to play a role in barrier protection and reduce the concentration of free zinc in the protoplast through chelation with zinc ions, so that the toxic action is reduced or eliminated. In addition, citric acid can effectively promote the morphogenesis of plant roots under the stress of zinc.
The plant extraction and restoration technology is an environmental purification technology which is developed in the 90 s of the 20 th century and removes harmful metals in soil or water bodies through metal enrichment plants. At present, many plants rich in zinc ions, such as sedum alfredii, ryegrass, alfalfa and the like, have strong tolerance to zinc stress.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite seed soaking agent and application thereof in improving crop seed vitality and reducing seedling zinc content under zinc stress.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a composite seed soaking agent comprising: the volume ratio is 1: 1-100 of a component A and a component B;
the component A is prepared by mixing 1-100 mM of salicylic acid, 1-150 mM of indoleacetic acid and 10-200 mM of citric acid by taking water as a solvent;
the component B is the rhodiola sachalinensis extract which is obtained by air drying and crushing a rhodiola sachalinensis plant and then placing the crushed rhodiola sachalinensis plant in water for leaching.
Theoretically, plant extracts capable of enriching zinc ions can be considered as components of the composite seed soaking agent of the invention, but experiments show that many plant extracts rich in zinc ions do not obtain imaginable effects, such as: the sedum alfredii hance and the alfalfa only have the effects of reducing the accumulation of zinc content in crop seedlings and promoting the vitality of crop seeds under the stress of zinc, and particularly have obvious effect on sunflowers.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the component A to the component B is 1: 1-50; in the component A, the concentration of salicylic acid is 50-100 mM, the concentration of indoleacetic acid is 1-100 mM, and the concentration of citric acid is 100-200 mM.
More preferably, the volume ratio of the A component to the B component is 1: 24; in the component A, the concentration of salicylic acid is 95mM, the concentration of indoleacetic acid is 50mM, and the concentration of citric acid is 150 mM.
And mixing the component A and the component B in proportion to obtain the composite seed soaking agent.
Further, the particle size of the crushed rhodiola sachalinensis powder is 0.10-0.15 mm; the leaching concentration of the sedum alfredii powder in water is as follows: 1-65 g/L.
Further, the leaching temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the leaching time is 3-4 d.
In order to make the seeds absorb the composite seed soaking agent more sufficiently and uniformly, preferably, the composite seed soaking agent is also added with a surfactant. Various commonly used surfactants are suitable, such as at least one of tween, kitchen detergent, fatty acid glyceride and agricultural silicone. The agricultural organic silicon surfactant has good effect, and the agricultural organic silicon is the preferable surfactant in actual use. Further, the composite seed soaking agent also comprises a surfactant; the surfactant is organic silicon, and the mass of the surfactant is two ten-thousandth of the total mass of the component A and the component B after being mixed according to the proportion.
The invention also provides application of the composite seed soaking agent in improving crop seed activity under zinc stress and reducing seedling zinc content.
Specifically, the crop is sunflower; more preferably, the crop is oil sunflower.
The invention also provides a specific method for the application, which comprises the following steps: and mixing crop seeds with the composite seed soaking agent according to the mass-volume ratio of 1: 5-10, and then carrying out sealed seed soaking.
Further, the seed soaking temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the seed soaking time is 12-48 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the composite seed soaking agent with obvious synergistic effect is prepared by taking salicylic acid, indoleacetic acid and citric acid as effective components of the seed soaking agent and combining with an extract component of a zinc ion enrichment plant Sedum alfredii Hance.
(2) The composite seed soaking agent of the invention takes water as a matrix, has simple preparation process, convenient use, no product and environment pollution, difficult generation of phytotoxicity and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of the length and dry weight of the aerial and underground parts of sunflower seedlings under different treatments in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, which are only illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the following examples, sunflower seeds were from the institute for utilization of crop and nuclear technology, academy of agricultural sciences, Zhejiang province; salicylic acid, indoleacetic acid and citric acid are available from alatin reagent limited; the magnetic stirrer was model ZNCL-BS, available from Shanghai Tokyo instruments and Equipment, Inc.
Example 1
1. Preparation of composite seed soaking agent
Preparing an organic silicon aqueous solution with the mass fraction of two ten-thousandth: 0.2g of silicone was added to 1L of water, and sufficiently stirred to dissolve.
Preparation of component A: 3.280g of salicylic acid, 2.190g of indoleacetic acid and 7.205g of citric acid were added to 250ml of hot water, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred and dissolved to obtain component A.
Preparation of component B: air drying Sedum alfredii Hance, grinding to obtain powder with particle diameter of 0.10-0.15mm, soaking 60g of the powder in 4L of water at room temperature for 3 days, and filtering to remove insoluble substances to obtain component B.
Preparation of component C: air drying Lolium Perenne, grinding to obtain powder with particle diameter of 0.10-0.15mm, soaking 60g of the powder in 4L of water at room temperature for 3 days, and filtering to remove insoluble substances to obtain component C.
Preparation of component D: air drying herba Medicaginis, grinding to obtain powder with particle diameter of 0.10-0.15mm, soaking 60g of the powder in 4L of water at room temperature for 3 days, and filtering to remove insoluble substances to obtain component D.
Uniformly mixing the component A and the component B according to a ratio of 1:24(V/V), adding organic silicon according to two parts per million by mass, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound spraying agent (A + B).
And uniformly mixing the component A and the component C according to a ratio of 1:24(V/V), adding organic silicon according to two parts per million by mass, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound spraying agent (A + C).
And uniformly mixing the component A and the component D according to a ratio of 1:24(V/V), adding organic silicon according to two parts per million by mass, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound spraying agent (A + D).
2. Seed soaking and zinc stress treatment
The concentration of Zn stress treatment is 0.15 mmol.L-1。
Mixing the sunflower seeds with the composite seed soaking agent according to the mass-volume ratio of 1: 5, and then carrying out sealed seed soaking. The seed soaking time is 24 hours, and the seed soaking temperature is 30 ℃. After the sunflower seeds are soaked, the sunflower seeds are germinated by adopting a paper roll. 50 sunflower seeds were placed in each roll and repeated 4 times. Respectively putting 0.3 mmol.L of paper rolls to be treated-1Zn2+The solution and pure water. The paper roll was placed in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for germination with the light setting of 12 hours light/12 hours dark. The treatment liquid is changed every 24 hours in the test process to ensure Zn in the treatment room2+Consistency of concentration.
The Germination standard is that the seed radicle breaks through the seed coat by 2mm, the Germination number is recorded every day, and the Germination vigor (GE) and the Germination Percentage (GP) are calculated on the 3 rd and 7 th days of Germination respectively. After 7 days of germination, representative 10 seedlings were randomly selected and their lengths were measured.
Germination Index (GI) ═ Σ (Gt/Tt), where Gt is the number of sprouts on day t and Tt is the corresponding number of days.
Viability index (Vigor index, VI) ═ GI × dry weight of seedlings.
3. Determination of the Zinc content
When sampling, firstly, the seed sample is soaked in 20 mmol.L-1Na2Washing EDTA solution for 15-20min with distilled water for 3 times, and washing with deionized water for 1 time to remove Zn adhered to the surface of the sample2+. The sample was oven dried at 105 ℃ for 30min and then 70 ℃ for 72 h. Grinding the dried tissue, sieving with 0.1mm nylon sieve, and concentrating HNO in 0.5g dry sample3-HClO3Digestion, and measuring Zn with atomic spectrophotometer (ASE, model SP9-400)2+And (4) content.
4. Effect of different treatments on Zinc content accumulation in sunflower seedlings
As shown in Table 1, the Zn content of sunflower seeds germinated for 3 days and 5 days under Zn stress was 10.57. mu.g/g and 12.17. mu.g/g, respectively, which were 1.62 times and 1.71 times higher than those of the control. Compared with the single Zn treatment, the zinc content in the seedlings after germination for 3 days and 5 days is obviously reduced by the A treatment and the B treatment, and the zinc content in the seedlings after the A + B treatment is obviously lower than that of the seedlings after the A and B treatment, which shows that the A component and the B component can synergistically relieve the accumulation of zinc ions in the sunflower seedlings in the germination process. The plant extract fractions C and D did not have the corresponding effects.
TABLE 1 Effect of Complex seed-soaking Agents on Zinc content accumulation during sunflower seed Germination under Zinc stress
Lower case letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the level of α ═ 0.05(LSD test).
5. Effect of different treatments on sunflower seed Germination under Zinc stress
The results are shown in table 2, and the germination vigor, germination rate, germination index and vitality index of sunflower are significantly reduced under Zn stress treatment. Compared with the single zinc treatment, the A + B, A and B treatments obviously improve the seed vitality index. The effect of improving the sunflower seed vigor under zinc stress by the A + B treatment is most obvious, and the germination vigor, the germination rate, the germination index and the vigor index are respectively 1.69, 1.34, 1.37 and 1.50 times of those of the sunflower seeds treated by the zinc treatment.
Therefore, the A component and the B component can synergistically relieve the inhibition effect of zinc stress on sunflower seed germination. The plant extract fractions C and D did not have the corresponding effects.
TABLE 2 Effect of Complex seed impregnants on sunflower seed Germination under Zinc stress
6. Effect of different treatments on sunflower seedling growth under Zinc stress
After the zinc stress treatment for 7 days, the height of the seedling, the dry weight of the stem leaves and the dry weight of the roots are measured. The results are shown in figure 1, the growth of sunflower seedlings is significantly inhibited under zinc stress. Compared with the zinc control, the overground length of the sunflower after the treatment of A + B, A and B is respectively increased by 37.0%, 28.5% and 17.7%, and the underground length is respectively increased by 67.8%, 51.6% and 19.9%.
In addition, the treatment of A + B, A and B also obviously improves the dry matter accumulation of the ground and underground parts of sunflower seedlings under zinc stress, and the A component and the B component have mutual promotion effect. The plant extract fractions C and D did not have the corresponding effects. In summary, the inhibition effect of the A + B treatment on the growth of sunflower seedlings under the stress of zinc is the best.
7. Effect of different treatments on alleviation of stress damage caused by Zinc stress
After the zinc stress treatment for 7 days, the hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and malondialdehyde content of the seedlings is determined. The results are shown in table 3, where the hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and malondialdehyde content in sunflower seedlings under zinc stress is significantly increased compared to the clear water control. Under the stress of zinc, the contents of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and malondialdehyde in the seedlings are obviously reduced by the treatment A and the treatment B, and the contents of the hydrogen peroxide, the superoxide anion and the malondialdehyde in the seedlings after the treatment A and the treatment B are obviously lower than those of the treatment A and the treatment B which are independently carried out, so that the accumulation of active oxygen in the sunflower seedlings in the germination process can be synergistically relieved by the component A and the component B. The plant extract fractions C and D did not have the corresponding effects.
TABLE 3 influence of the Complex seed-soaking agent on the content of Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and malondialdehyde in the germination stage of sunflower seeds under Zinc stress
Claims (8)
1. A composite seed soaking agent, comprising: the volume ratio of the component A to the component B is 1: 24;
the component A is prepared by mixing 95mM of salicylic acid, 50mM of indoleacetic acid and 150mM of citric acid by taking water as a solvent;
the component B is the rhodiola sachalinensis extract which is obtained by air drying and crushing a rhodiola sachalinensis plant and then placing the crushed rhodiola sachalinensis plant in water for leaching.
2. The composite seed soaking agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the crushed rhodiola sachalinensis powder is 0.10-0.15 mm; the addition amount of the rhodiola rosea powder in water is 60 g/4L.
3. The composite seed soaking agent according to claim 1, wherein the leaching temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the leaching time is 3-4 days.
4. The composite inoculant according to claim 1, further comprising a surfactant; the surfactant is organic silicon, and the mass of the surfactant is two ten-thousandth of the total mass of the component A and the component B after being mixed according to the proportion.
5. The use of the composite seed soaking agent as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 for improving the activity of crop seeds under zinc stress and reducing the zinc content of seedlings.
6. The use of claim 5, wherein the crop is sunflower.
7. The application of claim 5, wherein the crop seeds and the composite seed soaking agent are mixed according to the mass-volume ratio of 1: 5-10 and then sealed seed soaking is carried out.
8. The use of claim 5, wherein the seed soaking temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the seed soaking time is 12-48 h.
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| CN107066823A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-18 | 中山大学 | Based on plant, soil, microorganism heavy-metal contaminated soil repairing effect integrated evaluating method |
| CN107937302A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-04-20 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of bacterium D10 for improving heavy metal validity and its application |
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