CN111226702B - Ground cover plant community organization method suitable for bioretention facility - Google Patents
Ground cover plant community organization method suitable for bioretention facility Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a ground cover plant community organization method suitable for a bioretention facility, which comprises the steps of evaluating the site where the bioretention facility is located, determining the type of the ground cover plant community and determining the ground cover plant community organization. According to the invention, the habitat conditions of the place where the bioretention facility is located, including features of terrain, soil medium, main pollutant types, pollution amount and sunshine, are introduced for the first time, the environment and functional requirements of the place where the bioretention facility is located are comprehensively analyzed, on the basis, the bioretention facility is partitioned, plant species are selected according to habitat conditions of different areas, rainwater runoff control and pollutant removal functions of the bioretention facility can be realized, and meanwhile community stability is ensured.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to urban ecology and plant planting, in particular to a ground cover plant community organization method of a bioretention facility.
Background art:
the bioretention facility has good runoff pollution control effect, runoff total amount reduction effect and rainwater interception effect, and is a facility type which is widely distributed and numerous in a sponge city due to the design scale, the flexibility of arrangement and construction and the attractiveness. Reasonable screening and design of plants are the key for the function exertion of the rainwater bioretention facility, and due to the particularity of the habitat conditions, the plant seed selection and configuration modes are different from the traditional plant planting design. However, at present, bioretention facilities are planted mostly from the perspective of plant survival and aesthetics in the traditional planting design, no deep thought is made on how plants provide other ecosystem services, and the singly planted bioretention facilities lack biological diversity and stability of community structure.
Aiming at the existing problems of the ground cover plant community of the current bioretention facility, the ground cover plant community of the bioretention facility is reasonably designed, so that the ground cover plant community in the bioretention facility falls in the growth and succession processes, the rainwater runoff control and pollutant removal functions of the bioretention facility are optimized, and higher requirements are provided in the aspects of improving community stability, attractiveness and the like. However, current research is mostly focused on the study of characteristics of individual plants, but does not fully exploit how individual plant characteristics are combined in a community-wise manner to better address the functional needs of bioretention facilities and to improve their ecosystem service functions.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a ground cover plant community organization method suitable for a bioretention facility, which solves the problems of unreasonable and unstable ground cover plant community organization, single function and insufficient development of ecosystem service function in the existing bioretention facility.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for organizing an artificial vegetation community of a bioretention facility, comprising the steps of:
and (5) analyzing and evaluating the early stage field. On the basis of meeting the target and index requirements of site design, the characteristics and the problems of the site where the bioretention facility is located are analyzed and evaluated, the main pollutant types, the pollution amount, the soil and the sunshine characteristics of the site are mainly analyzed, and the main function requirements of the bioretention facility are determined to be function leading type or landscape leading type.
A design objective is determined. The design goals of the vegetation are determined according to the main functional requirements of the bioretention facilities, and the community of vegetation suitable for the bioretention facilities is divided into a functionally-dominant community of vegetation (FIG. 1) and a landscape-dominant community of vegetation (FIG. 2).
And (4) selecting ground cover plants. The ground cover plants are selected according to the design target of the ground cover plants and the habitat conditions of the bioretention facilities, and the selected plants should exert their effects on improving hydraulic flow conditions, pollutant removal or landscapes, and the like.
The ground is organized by a plant community. Plant plane layout and elevation design should be carried out in combination with the function positioning and landscape requirements of the field and the biological retention facilities.
The further measures are as follows:
in the preliminary site analysis and evaluation step, the impoundment area, the buffer area and the marginal area in the bioretention facility are determined according to the topography of the bioretention facility (see fig. 3). The water storage area is the main area where the bioretention facility carries out functions such as pollutant removal, runoff rainwater collection and infiltration, the functional effect of the buffer area is inferior to that of the water storage area, and the marginal area is mainly shown by landscape effect.
Further, judging the soil medium type in the biological retention facility to determine the soil type; and analyzing and evaluating the potential soil pollutant types by combining the pollution conditions around the facilities. The biological retention facility is positioned on the top plate of the garage or the biological retention facility is internally provided with a geotextile, a perforated pipe and other structures, and the record marking is required.
In the step of determining the design target, the design targets of the ground cover plant community in the bioretention facility are divided into a runoff pollution control dominant ground cover plant community, a runoff rainwater interception and infiltration promotion dominant ground cover plant community and a landscape dominant ground cover plant community according to the main functional requirements of the bioretention facility.
Among them, the vegetation of the runoff pollutant control-dominant vegetation community is preferably selected from the vegetation having the pollutant removal performance. The plants are often characterized by high growth speed, developed root system and slender fibrous roots. Common among such ground cover plants are: rush, iris, pennisetum, loosestrife, calamus, cattail and the like.
Further, runoff pollutant control-dominant ground cover plants are subdivided into nitrogen-removing, phosphorus-removing and heavy metal-removing ground cover plants according to the types of common pollutants in rainwater bioretention facilities and the different pollutant removal functional characteristics of the ground cover plants.
Further, the ecological niche complementary effect is applied, i.e. different species perform different functions, which when performed together, enhance the overall function. Therefore, the runoff pollutant control effect is maximized by planting the pollutant control species with complementary functions in a combined mode.
Further, runoff pollution control-dominated ground cover plant communities are primarily suitable for use in bioretention facilities with certain rain water purification requirements, such as: urban road bioretention facilities, parking lot bioretention facilities and the like. The planting area is mainly the water storage area of the bioretention facility, the number of the species of the planted plants is more than 4, and the plants with the nitrogen removal capability must be contained.
Typical runoff contamination control is dominated by plant communities (plant coverage in parentheses, the sum may be greater than 100%): rush (60%) + pennisetum (30%) + yellow flag (20%) + iris (20%); wolf tail grass (50%) + giant reed leaves (30%) + lao yu carex (20%) + iris (20%); ③ mango (40%) + canna (30%) + calamus flavus (20%) + arundo donax (20%).
The runoff rainwater interception and permeation promotion leading type ground cover plant community ground cover plants are selected, species which have strong transpiration, can hold water in a drought period, can form a multi-layer structure to increase the transpiration effect and have a certain proportion of thick root systems are selected, and meanwhile, the excessive application of species with shallow root systems or smaller root systems is avoided. Such plants are commonly found in: privet, photinia fraseri, sambucus sumatra, Chinese iris, etc.
Further, runoff rainwater interception and infiltration promotion leading type ground cover plants can be subdivided into herbaceous plants with wide shallow root system structures and shrubs with a certain proportion of thick root systems according to different plant physiological characteristics and water using modes.
Furthermore, herbaceous plants with wide shallow root system structures and shrubs with deep root systems are planted in a combined mode to form runoff rainwater interception and permeation promotion leading type vegetation communities. Herbaceous plants with wide shallow root systems can stabilize soil, and shrubs with deep root systems can improve the infiltration of the soil.
Furthermore, in the combination of the herbaceous plants and the shrubs, a multi-layer structure is formed on the vertical surface and is vertically layered into 3 layers.
Wherein, the landscape leading type ground cover plant community plant selection comprehensively considers the factors of the color, the texture, the shape, the texture and the like of the plant, and simultaneously avoids using the species with disordered appearance.
Typical runoff rain water retention penetration-promoting dominant vegetation communities have (plant coverage in brackets): firstly, ligustrum quihoui (40%) + pampas grass (30%) + loosestrife (30%) + fluxism carex (20%); ② annual bluegrass (50%) + ligustrum quihoui (30%) + photinia fraseri (20%); ③ ryegrass (50%) + erythrina (30%) + photinia fraseri (20%).
Wherein, the landscape leading type ground cover plant community structure applies community ecology 'layer slice' theory to carry out layered design on plants, namely a ground cover layer; two layers-seasonal theme layer; three layers-structural layers. A hierarchical organization pattern of structural layers + seasonal themes + floor covering layers is formed (fig. 4).
Further, the ground cover plants of the structural layer can stabilize the overall morphology of the plant community, including tall shrubs and perennial grasses. The seasonal theme zone ground cover plants, which can enrich the seasonal nature of the plant population and can be visually dominant over a period of the year, include shrubs or herbs that are either significantly flowering or have distinctive leaf colors. Ground cover vegetation, including low-stature herbs with subterranean stems and stolons, is capable of preventing soil exposure and inhibiting weed growth.
Typical landscape-predominant ground cover plant communities are: the Chinese traditional medicine composition comprises (by weight parts) sky blue sage (40%) + iris (20%) + chrysanthemum indicum (20%) + echinacea (20%) + salvia przewalskii (20%); ② alpinia oxyphylla (40%) + lao yu carex (20%) + ligustrum quihoui (20%) + photinia fraseri (20%) + holly (10%); ③ 20 percent of calamus giganteus, 20 percent of zephyranthes candida, 20 percent of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 10 percent of arborvitae, 10 percent of bean-petal boxwood and 10 percent of nandina domestica; fourthly, the ingredients of the medicine comprise 40 percent of filigree grass, 50 percent of coreopsis, 20 percent of pennisetum, 10 percent of holly root: plant coverage in parentheses
Wherein, the planting density of the species of the grass family, the juncaceae family, the cyperaceae family, the liliaceae family and the like is preferably controlled to be 12-16 plants/m2The planting density of other common vegetation plants should be controlled to be 6-10 plants/m2(ii) a The planting density of the shrubs is 0.5-1 plant/m2The planting density of other shrubs is lower than 0.5 plant/m2。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the habitat conditions of the site where the bioretention facility is located, including features of terrain, soil medium, main pollutant types, pollution amount and sunshine, are introduced for the first time, the environment and functional requirements of the site where the bioretention facility is located are comprehensively analyzed, on the basis, the bioretention facility is partitioned, plant species are selected according to habitat conditions of different areas, rainwater runoff control and pollutant removal functions of the bioretention facility can be realized, and meanwhile community stability is ensured.
(2) The invention provides 3 ground cover plant community organization modes with different leading function types from the functional perspective based on the community ecology correlation principle, and plays a pioneering and fundamental role in the ground cover plant community landscape design in the landscape and garden discipline.
(3) The grassland is used as a natural vegetation prototype in northwest region, the design of the ground cover plant community provided by the method has important application prospect and value for urban ecological construction in northwest region, the implementation mode is simple, the technical operability is strong, and the implementation effect in practical application can be fully ensured.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a design of a functionally dominant vegetation population.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of landscape-oriented vegetation plant community planting design.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a bioretention facility impoundment area, buffering area and edge area.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a layered vegetation plant design.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of planting in example 1.
Figure 6 is the plan view of planting of example 2.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to better understand the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further explained by the specific embodiments and the attached drawings.
The invention relates to a biological retention facility, which is a facility for storing, permeating and purifying runoff rainwater through a plant, soil and microorganism system in a region with lower topography. The bioretention facilities are divided into simple bioretention facilities and complex bioretention facilities, and are also called rainwater gardens, bioretention belts, high-position flower beds, ecological tree pools and the like according to different application positions.
In the first step of the invention, the habitat conditions are as follows: the main pollutant type, the pollution amount, the soil and the sunshine characteristics of the field where the bioretention facility is located, wherein the main pollutant type refers to the pollutant type with the highest concentration in surface water entering the bioretention facility: the pollution amount refers to the integral content of various pollutants in surface water entering the bioretention facility and is expressed by a comprehensive pollution index: the soil medium type refers to the types and contents of original soil and various soil substitutes in the soil constituting the bioretention facility: the sunshine characteristics refer to sunshine types divided according to the time length of direct light irradiation of the spring minute day biological detention facility, the types include sunshine (6h and above), intermediate types (4-6 h) and shade (4h and below), and the other types referred by the invention are intermediate types not included in sunshine and shade.
In addition, the plant coverage of the invention refers to the percentage of the vertical projection area of the plant community as a whole to the area of the bioretention facility:
the invention relates to a runoff pollution control leading type ground cover plant community, a runoff rainwater interception and infiltration promotion leading type ground cover plant community and dozens of plant species of landscape leading type ground cover plant community, such as rush pith, ligustrum quihoui and the like, and the naming and the characteristic description of each plant species refer to Chinese landscape plant application universities and sponge city greenbelt design technical standards (DBJ 50/T-293) 2018). For example, in the Chinese landscape plant application universe, the producing area and habit of the loosestrife herb are … … with abundant sunshine, good ventilation and water-wet environment, drought resistance, heat resistance and barren resistance … …, and in the sponge city greenbelt design technical standard (DBJ50/T-293 plus 2018), the characteristic of the loosestrife herb is expressed as long-term shallow water flooding resistance, short-term water flooding resistance for a certain time, strong drought resistance and developed root system, so the loosestrife herb is planted in the water storage area of the biological retention facility in the habitat of yang (6h and above).
The planting density of the shrubs is 0.5-1 plant/m2The planting density of other shrubs is lower than 0.5 plant/m2. Wherein, the shrub is shrub plant with stem height below 0.5 m.
In addition, the functional requirements of the bioretention facilities in the invention are function-oriented or landscape-oriented, wherein the functional requirements refer to the functions of the bioretention facilities in rainwater infiltration, retention, storage, purification, utilization, drainage and aesthetic appreciation of plant communities.
The invention fully considers the environmental and functional requirements of the field where the bioretention is applied, follows the overall requirements of the field planting design, and constructs the plant community with self-regulation capability and stability according to the ecological principle on the basis of considering the functions of ecology, beautification, rest and the like. Meanwhile, the method is used for the habitat conditions of rainwater bioretention facilities, has specific environmental function, has a ground cover plant community organization method with community stability and attractiveness, is strong in technical operability, and can fully guarantee the implementation effect in practical application.
The operations not mentioned in the present invention are all the conventional operations in the art.
The examples illustrate that: as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, two embodiments of the establishment of a phytocommunity of bioretention facilities with both functionality and landscape are provided, in which the phytocommunity is organized according to step A, B, C.
Step A: and determining the bioretention facilities to be function-dominant type or landscape-dominant type according to the characteristics and the functional requirements of the site where the bioretention facilities are located.
And B: the bioretention facility is divided into three growing areas: water storage area 1, buffer area 2 and marginal area 3.
And C: function-dominated bioretention facilities: the runoff pollutant control leading type vegetation plant community is planted in the area 1, and the runoff rainwater interception and infiltration promotion leading type or landscape leading type vegetation plant community is planted in the areas 2 and 3; landscape-oriented bioretention facilities: plant varieties are selected according to different water conditions of the 1 area, the 2 area and the 3 area, but all are planted with landscape dominant vegetation plant communities.
The method of carrying out this embodiment is further illustrated in example 1 and example 2.
Example 1:
example 1 is located at the intersection of a main road and a side road in a certain residential area, and the bioretention facility of example 1 is a part of a green separation zone with the area of about 80m2The sunshine habitat type is sunshine (6h or more). The soil medium of the water storage area and the buffer area of the bioretention facility is medium soil formed by mixing original soil, sandy soil and coconut coir (the ratio is 4:4:2), and the soil medium of the marginal area is original soil. Embodiment 1 the place mainly collects direct precipitation and the rainwater runoff of main road and auxiliary road, and the pollution condition is comparatively serious, and main pollutant type is: ammonium nitrogen compounds and phosphate compounds. General evaluation the bioretention facility to which example 1 belongs was of the function-dominated type.
The runoff pollution control leading type vegetation plant community is planted in the water storage area 1, and the plane layout is as follows: rush (60%) + pennisetum (30%) + Iris pseudacorus (20%) + Iris (20%).
The runoff rainwater interception and infiltration promotion leading type vegetation community is planted in the buffer zone 2, and the plane layout is as follows: ligustrum quihoui (40%) + pampasgrass (30%) + loosestrife (30%) + laevo zornia (20%).
The marginal zone 3 plants landscape leading type vegetation community, the plane layout is: carnation (20%) + zephyranthes candida (20%) + ophiopogon root (20%) + thuja tamariscina (10%) + bean-petal boxwood (10%) + nandina domestica (10%).
Plants were designed in layers, one layer (ground cover): ramulus et folium Brassicae Junceae, rhizoma Dianthi, herba Alii Fistulosi, and radix Ophiopogonis; two layers (seasonal theme layer): rhizoma Acori Graminei, rhizoma Iridis Tectori, and herba Chelidonii; three layers (structural layer): nandina domestica, Buxus sempervirens, Ligustrum lucidum ait, Phragmites communis, pennisetum japonicum, rush, and Selaginella;
the organization method described in example 1 was performed in small areas from 3 to 10 months in 2019, under laboratory conditions, by simulating the habitat conditions of the bioretention facility. The contents of ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil were tested using a TPY-6A soil nutrient rapid tester (Topyyun agricultural technologies, Zhejiang). Through artificial rainfall simulation, the weight ratio of the overground part of the plant before and after rainfall is measured, and the canopy rainwater interception rate is calculated. Through observation, the relative abundance, the relative frequency and the relative significance of the plants are recorded, and the stability of the plants is obtained through certain data processing. The result shows that compared with a blank control (outside a colony), the reduction rate of the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil is improved by 41.08%, and the reduction rate of the quick-acting phosphorus content in the soil is improved by 24.31%; the canopy rainwater retention rate is improved by 6.86%; the stability of the colony is improved by 0.023.
Example 2:
example 2 is located near a main road of a city, and the bioretention facilities of example 2 are part of the green land of the road, and the area is about 100m2The sunshine habitat type is sunshine (6h or more). The soil medium of the water storage area and the buffer area of the bioretention facility is medium soil formed by mixing original soil, sandy soil and coconut coir (the ratio is 4:4:2), and the soil medium of the marginal area is original soil. Example 2 the field was mainly collecting direct precipitation and rain runoff from the green land of the surrounding roads, with slight pollution. Comprehensive evaluation the bioretention facility to which example 2 belongs was of landscape-oriented type.
Water storage area 1 plants landscape leading type vegetation community: filipendula sibirica (40%), + coreopsis tinctoria (50%), + pennisetum alopecuroides (20%) + ilex purpurea (10%);
marginal zone 3 planting landscape dominant vegetation community: alpinia oxyphylla (40%) + lao yu carex (20%) + ligustrum quihou (20%) + photinia fraseri (20%) + holly (10%);
plants were designed in layers, one layer (ground cover): ramulus et folium taxi Cuspidatae, and ramulus et folium Imperatae; two layers (seasonal theme layer): echinacea purpurea, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Salvia przewalskii, Iris lactea, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Alpinia speciosa; three layers (structural layer): pennisetum alopecuroides, holly, ligustrum quihoui and photinia fraseri;
the organization method described in example 2 was performed in small areas from 3 to 10 months in 2019, under laboratory conditions, by simulating the habitat conditions of the bioretention facility. Through artificial rainfall simulation, the weight ratio of the overground part of the plant before and after rainfall is measured, and the canopy rainwater interception rate is calculated. Through observation, the relative abundance, the relative frequency and the relative significance of the plants are recorded, and the stability of the plants is obtained through certain data processing. The result shows that the canopy rainwater retention rate of the example 2 is improved by 9.82% compared with that of a blank control (outside a colony); the colony stability decreased by 0.004.
| Item | Canopy rain retention (%) | Stability of colonies |
| Example 2 | 31.03 | 0.929 |
| Blank control | 21.21 | 0.933 |
Comparative examples 1 to 2:
comparative examples 1-2 below are also ground cover plant communities for bioretention facilities. Between 3 and 10 months in 2019, the habitat conditions of example 1 were simulated under laboratory conditions, and the texturing method described in comparative examples 1-2 was performed in small areas. Unlike example 1, the plant growing designs of comparative examples 1-2 did not take into account the habitat conditions of the bioretention facility.
Comparative example 1:
water storage area 1 plants landscape leading type vegetation community: filipendula sibirica (40%), + coreopsis tinctoria (50%), + pennisetum alopecuroides (20%) + ilex purpurea (10%);
marginal zone 3 planting landscape dominant vegetation community: alpinia oxyphylla (40%) + lao yu carex (20%) + ligustrum quihou (20%) + photinia fraseri (20%) + holly (10%);
plants were designed in layers, one layer (ground cover): ramulus et folium taxi Cuspidatae, and ramulus et folium Imperatae; two layers (seasonal theme layer): echinacea purpurea, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Salvia przewalskii, Iris lactea, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Alpinia speciosa; three layers (structural layer): pennisetum alopecuroides, holly, ligustrum quihoui and photinia fraseri;
the contents of ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil were tested using a TPY-6A soil nutrient rapid tester (Topyyun agricultural technologies, Zhejiang). Through artificial rainfall simulation, the weight ratio of the overground part of the plant before and after rainfall is measured, and the canopy rainwater interception rate is calculated. Through observation, the relative abundance, the relative frequency and the relative significance of the plants are recorded, and the stability of the plants is obtained through certain data processing. The result shows that compared with the example 1, the reduction rate of the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil is reduced by 4.61%, and the reduction rate of the quick-acting phosphorus content in the soil is reduced by 47.16%; the canopy rainwater retention rate is reduced by 4.34%; the colony stability decreased by 0.119.
Comparative example 2:
the runoff pollution control leading type vegetation plant community is planted in the water storage area 1, and the plane layout is as follows: rush (60%) + Chinese pennisetum (30%) + Iris pseudacorus (20%) + Iris (20%)
marginal zone 3 planting landscape dominant vegetation community: alpinia oxyphylla (40%) + lao yu carex (20%) + ligustrum quihou (20%) + photinia fraseri (20%) + holly (10%);
plants were designed in layers, one layer (ground cover): spirea sinensis, laogu; two layers (seasonal theme layer): rhizoma Acori Graminei, rhizoma Iridis Tectori, Echinacea purpurea, herba Salvia officinalis, radix Salvia officinalis, Iris pallida, flos Inulae Cappae, and radix Carpesii; three layers (structural layer): ilex chinensis, ligustrum quihoui, photinia fraseri, junci medulla and pennisetum alopecuroides;
the contents of ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil were tested using a TPY-6A soil nutrient rapid tester (Topyyun agricultural technologies, Zhejiang). Through artificial rainfall simulation, the weight ratio of the overground part of the plant before and after rainfall is measured, and the canopy rainwater interception rate is calculated. Through observation, the relative abundance, the relative frequency and the relative significance of the plants are recorded, and the stability of the plants is obtained through certain data processing. The result shows that compared with the example 1, the reduction rate of the content of the ammonium nitrogen in the soil of the comparative example 2 is improved by 1.13 percent; the content of quick-acting phosphorus is reduced by 13.57 percent; the canopy rainwater retention rate is improved by 0.27%; the colony stability decreased by 0.108.
Comparative examples 3 to 5
Comparative examples 3-5 below are also ground cover plant communities for bioretention facilities. Between 3 and 10 months 2019, the ecological conditions of example 2 were simulated under laboratory conditions, and the texturing method described in comparative examples 3-5 was performed in small areas. Unlike example 2, the plant growing designs of comparative examples 3-5 did not fully consider the multi-layered structure on the facade, with only two layers.
Comparative example 3:
water storage area 1 plants landscape leading type vegetation community: filipendula (50%) + coreopsis tinctoria (50%);
marginal zone 3 planting landscape dominant vegetation community: mountain peach grass (70%) + laoyuguazhao (30%);
plants were designed in layers, one layer (ground cover): ramulus et folium taxi Cuspidatae, and ramulus et folium Imperatae; two layers (seasonal theme layer): echinacea purpurea, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Salvia przewalskii, Iris lactea, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Alpinia speciosa;
through artificial rainfall simulation, the weight ratio of the overground part of the plant before and after rainfall is measured, and the rainwater interception rate is calculated. Through observation, the relative abundance, the relative frequency and the relative significance of the plants are recorded, and the stability of the plants is obtained through certain data processing. The result shows that compared with the example 2, the canopy rainwater retention rate of the comparative example 3 is reduced by 7.93 percent; colony stability decreased by 0.043.
| Item | Canopy rain retention (%) | Stability of colonies |
| Example 2 | 31.03 | 0.929 |
| Comparative example 3 | 23.10 | 0.886 |
Comparative example 4:
water storage area 1 plants landscape leading type vegetation community: 50 percent of filipendula sibirica, 30 percent of pennisetum alopecuroides and 20 percent of holly;
marginal zone 3 planting landscape dominant vegetation community: 30 percent of spirea capitata, 30 percent of ligustrum quihoui, 20 percent of photinia fraseri and 20 percent of holly;
plants were designed in layers, one layer (ground cover): ramulus et folium taxi Cuspidatae, and ramulus et folium Imperatae; two layers (structural layer): pennisetum alopecuroides, holly, ligustrum quihoui and photinia fraseri;
from 3 to 10 months 2019, the habitat conditions of the bioretention facility were simulated under laboratory conditions and the organization method described in comparative example 4 was performed in small areas. Through artificial rainfall simulation, the weight ratio of the overground part of the plant before and after rainfall is measured, and the rainwater interception rate is calculated. Through observation, the relative abundance, the relative frequency and the relative significance of the plants are recorded, and the stability of the plants is obtained through certain data processing. The result shows that compared with the example 2, the canopy rainwater retention rate of the comparative example 4 is reduced by 11.15%; the colony stability decreased by 0.099.
| Item | Canopy rain retention (%) | Stability of colonies |
| Example 2 | 31.03 | 0.929 |
| Comparative example 4 | 19.88 | 0.830 |
Comparative example 5:
water storage area 1 plants landscape leading type vegetation community: coreopsis tinctoria (50%) + pennisetum (30%) + ilex purpurea (20%);
marginal zone 3 planting landscape dominant vegetation community: 50 percent of alpinia oxyphylla, 20 percent of ligustrum quihoui, 20 percent of photinia fraseri and 10 percent of holly;
plants were designed hierarchically, one layer (seasonal theme layer): echinacea purpurea, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Salvia przewalskii, Iris lactea, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Alpinia speciosa; two layers (structural layer): pennisetum alopecuroides, holly, ligustrum quihoui and photinia fraseri;
from 3 to 10 months 2019, the habitat conditions of the bioretention facility were simulated under laboratory conditions and the organization method described in comparative example 5 was performed in small areas. Through artificial rainfall simulation, the weight ratio of the overground part of the plant before and after rainfall is measured, and the canopy rainwater interception rate is calculated. Through observation, the relative abundance, the relative frequency and the relative significance of the plants are recorded, and the stability of the plants is obtained through certain data processing. The result shows that compared with the example 2, the canopy rainwater retention rate of the comparative example 5 is reduced by 8.95%; the colony stability decreased by 0.080.
| Item | Canopy rain retention (%) | Stability of colonies |
| Example 2 | 31.03 | 0.929 |
| Comparative example 5 | 22.08 | 0.849 |
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described. It should be noted that the above examples of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for organising a community of ground cover plants suitable for use in a bioretention facility, comprising the steps of:
(1) assessing the site of the bioretention facility: analyzing the habitat conditions of the site where the bioretention facilities are located, and determining the functional requirements and the regional division of the bioretention facilities;
(2) determining the variety of the ground cover plant community, selecting the ground cover plants: determining the species of the vegetation flora according to the functional requirements of the bioretention facility; selecting ground cover plants according to the types of ground cover plant communities and the habitat conditions of the site where the bioretention facility is located;
(3) defined organization of ground cover plant communities: combining the habitat conditions of the site where the bioretention facility is located and the functional requirements of the bioretention facility, carrying out plant plane layout and vertical surface design on the selected vegetation plants to form a vegetation plant community suitable for the bioretention facility;
carrying out layered design on plants, wherein a layered structure mode of a structural layer, a seasonal theme layer and a ground covering layer is formed by one layer, namely the ground covering layer, two layers, namely the seasonal theme layer and three layers, namely the structural layer;
(1) the habitat conditions comprise terrain, soil medium, main pollutant types, pollution amount and sunshine characteristics; the function requirements comprise a function leading type and a landscape leading type; determining the soil type according to the soil medium, and simultaneously determining the potential soil pollutant type of the bioretention facility according to the soil type, the main pollutant type and the pollution amount; the sunshine characteristics comprise yang generation, yin generation and other types;
the area dividing step comprises the following steps: dividing the biological detention facility into a water storage area, a buffer area and an edge area according to the terrain; the water storage area is an area with the lowest terrain, the buffer area is an area with the terrain of the bioretention facility from low to high, and the edge area is an area with the highest terrain of the bioretention facility; the water storage area is a main functional area of the bioretention facility and is used for realizing pollutant removal, runoff rainwater collection and infiltration; the buffer zone is positioned outside the water storage zone and is a secondary functional zone of the bioretention facility, and the buffer zone assists in further removing pollutants, collecting excess runoff rainwater and permeating; the marginal zone is positioned outside the buffer zone and is a landscape effect display zone of the bioretention facility;
(2) dividing the vegetation communities into runoff pollution control dominant type vegetation communities, runoff rainwater interception and permeation promotion dominant type vegetation communities and landscape dominant type vegetation communities according to the function dominant type requirements of the bioretention facilities;
the runoff pollution control leading type ground cover plant community is positioned in a water storage area of a bioretention facility, comprises not less than four plant species with high growth speed, developed root systems and slender fibrous roots, and must comprise at least one plant species with nitrogen removal capability;
the runoff rainwater interception and infiltration promotion leading type vegetation community is positioned in a buffer area of a biological retention facility and comprises herbaceous plants with a shallow root system structure and shrubs with thick root systems, and the number of layers is three according to a vertical layering mode;
the landscape leading type vegetation community is positioned at the marginal zone of the bioretention facility;
runoff pollution control-dominated ground cover plant communities include: rush with plant coverage of 60%, pennisetum alopecuroides 30%, Iris acori 20% and Iris 20% or pennisetum alopecuroides 50%, Arundo donax 30%, Oryza sativa 20% and Iris 20% or Arundina with plant coverage of 40%, canna 30%, Iris glauca 20% and Arundo donax 20%;
the runoff rainwater interception and infiltration promotion leading type ground cover plant community comprises: ligustrum quihoui with plant coverage of 40%, pyrrosia leaf and leaf, 30%, lythrata chinensis with plant coverage of 30% and sambucus chinensis with plant coverage of 20% or bluegrass with plant coverage of 50%, ligustrum quihoui with plant coverage of 30% and photinia serrulata with plant coverage of 20% or ryegrass with plant coverage of 50%, pittosporum tobira with plant coverage of 30% and photinia serrulata with plant coverage of 20%;
landscape-dominated ground cover plant communities include: herba Salvia officinalis with plant coverage of 40%, Iris lactea 20%, Chrysanthemum indicum 20%, Echinacea 20% and Salvia przewalskii 20% or Alpinia speciosa with plant coverage of 40%, Heliothis cantoniensis 20%, Ligustrum parviflorum 20%, Photinia serrulata 20% and wintergreen 10% or dianthus leucadendra with plant coverage of 20%, Allium fistulosum lour 20%, Opiophogon japonicus 20%, Selaginella procumbens 10%, Populus cuneata 10% and Phyllostachys nigra 10% or Imperata tenuifolia with plant coverage of 40%, Chrysanthemum indicum 50%, pennisetum 20% and wintergreen 10%.
2. A method of organisation of a ground cover plant community for a bioretention facility according to claim 1 which must include at least one plant species which is capable of nitrogen removal in addition to phosphorus-removing and heavy metal-removing plant species.
3. A method of organizing a community of vegetation plants for a bioretention facility according to claim 1 wherein the herbaceous plants of the Gramineae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae and Liliaceae are planted at a density of 12-16 plants/m2The planting density of the rest herbaceous vegetation plants is 6-10 plants/m2(ii) a The planting density of the shrubs is 0.5-1 plant/m2The planting density of other shrubs is lower than 0.5 plant/m2Wherein, the shrub is shrub plant with stem height below 0.5m, and the other shrubs are shrub plant with stem height above 0.5 m.
4. A method of organising a community of vegetation for a bioretention facility according to claim 1 wherein the runoff contamination control-dominant farmed community of vegetation has a planting density of: rush, pennisetum alopecuroides, arundo donax, sambucus chinensis, miscanthus in Gramineae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae and Liliaceae, and the planting density is 12-16 plants/m2(ii) a The calamus flavus, iris and canna belong to other herbaceous vegetation plants, and the planting density is 6-10 plants/m2。
5. A method of organising a community of vegetation for bioretention facilities according to claim 1 wherein the runoff storm water retention and penetration promoting predominant community of vegetation is planted at a density of: the pampas grass, the mallow carex, the poa pratensis and the ryegrass belong to grass plants of Gramineae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae and Liliaceae, and the planting density is 12-16 plants/m2(ii) a The loosestrife belongs to other herbaceous vegetation plants, and the planting density is 6-10 plants/m2(ii) a The ligustrum quihoui belongs to shrubs, and the planting density is 0.5-1 plant/m2(ii) a Photinia fraseri and pittosporum tobira belong to other shrubs, and the planting density is 0.5 plant/m2；
The planting density of the landscape leading type vegetation plant community is as follows: laogouyu young stalkGrass, dwarf lilyturf tuber, filipendula and wolfsback belong to grasses of Gramineae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae and Liliaceae, and the planting density is 12-16 plants/m2(ii) a The salvia przewalskii, the Chinese iris, the aster indicus, the echinacea, the salvia przewalskii, the alpinia japonica, the carnation, the zephyranthes candida and the golden pheasant belong to other herbaceous vegetation plants, and the planting density is 6-10 plants/m2(ii) a Ligustrum quihoui, thuja occidentalis, buxus japonicas and nandina domestica belong to shrubs, and the planting density is 0.5-1 plant/m2(ii) a The photinia fraseri and the holly belong to other shrubs, and the planting density is 0.5 plant/m2。
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