CN111224136A - Graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN111224136A CN111224136A CN201910444008.XA CN201910444008A CN111224136A CN 111224136 A CN111224136 A CN 111224136A CN 201910444008 A CN201910444008 A CN 201910444008A CN 111224136 A CN111224136 A CN 111224136A
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- heat dissipation
- exchange membrane
- proton exchange
- flow field
- hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, wherein a proton exchange membrane electrode is formed by adding high heat conduction layers made of graphene composite materials or high heat conduction graphite heat dissipation materials on two sides of the outermost layer of a traditional five-layer membrane electrode to form a seven-layer high heat conduction graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode. Thereby carrying the reaction heat of hydrogen and oxygen from the inside of the reactor to the periphery of the reactor and dissipating the heat through the heat dissipation medium. The battery electric pile is formed by stacking a plurality of single fuel cells, any single fuel cell is provided with the proton exchange membrane electrode, the periphery of the battery electric pile is provided with a heat dissipation device, and the battery electric pile and the heat dissipation device are mutually independent. The oxygen required by the galvanic pile reaction and the air or liquid required by heat dissipation are separated, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the galvanic pile is directly improved, the service life and the environmental adaptability of the galvanic pile are improved, and the practical value of the galvanic pile is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for generating electric energy by the reaction of fuel gas (such as hydrogen, methane gas and ethanol gas) and oxygen, in particular to application of a graphene-based high-thermal-conductivity material in the field of new energy.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell stack is a device that converts chemical energy of hydrogen-oxygen reaction into electric energy, the efficiency of converting chemical energy of hydrogen-oxygen reaction into electric energy is 50%, and the other 50% of chemical energy is converted into heat energy.
Hydrogen fuel cell stacks are mainly classified into two types according to their heat dissipation methods: gas cooled reactors and water cooled reactors.
The structure of the prior art gas cooled reactor is shown in fig. 10 to 12. In a direct air cooled reactor, the oxygen required for the hydrogen-oxygen reaction and the air required for cooling are both derived from the air flow through the reactor flow field plates, which has the disadvantage that: firstly, the limited air heat dissipation efficiency limits the area of a flow field plate, thereby limiting the total power of the pile; secondly, too much water vapor is taken away by the heat dissipation air, which may cause drying of the proton membrane to affect power generation; finally, the heat-dissipating air enters the galvanic pile to bring in a large amount of air pollutants, which causes various problems of blocking a diffusion layer, poisoning a catalyst and the like, thereby reducing the service life of the galvanic pile.
The representative scheme of the water-cooled reactor is a metal water-cooled reactor, and the main idea is to add closed liquid cooling pipelines in a cathode flow field and an anode flow field, so that the reaction heat of the electric pile can be carried out to the outside of the electric pile through the cooling liquid. The metal water-cooled reactor has the following problems: firstly, the liquid cooling pipeline occupies a large amount of space inside the reactor, so that the utilization rate of a proton membrane and a catalyst in the reactor is reduced, and the cost of the reactor is increased; secondly, the conductivity of general metal is not good, which hinders the movement of electrons during the hydrogen-oxygen reaction, and the metal plate can generate heat due to the strong current generated when the high-power galvanic pile runs; and thirdly, proton current is generated when the galvanic pile runs, the proton current is strong in acidity and has a corrosion effect on metal, and the metal is hydrogen-brittle under the action of current and hydrogen so as to reduce the strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the heat dissipation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane battery pile device is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a high heat conduction graphite alkene base proton exchange membrane electrode, includes proton exchange membrane, catalyst layer and diffusion layer, and the catalyst layer is located proton exchange membrane's the left and right sides, and the diffusion layer is located the left side of left side catalyst layer and the right side of right side catalyst layer, and the left side of left side diffusion layer and the right side of right side diffusion layer are equipped with high heat-conducting layer respectively, and the material of high heat-conducting layer is graphite heat dissipation material or graphite alkene combined material.
The core component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack in the prior art is a proton exchange membrane electrode which is composed of a five-layer structure and comprises a proton exchange membrane, two catalyst layers and two diffusion layers. The membrane electrode with the structure does not have the heat dissipation function. On the basis of the traditional five-layer membrane electrode, the invention adds a layer of high heat conduction layer made of a graphene composite membrane or a high heat conduction graphite heat dissipation material (such as a heat conduction graphite membrane) on each side of the membrane electrode to form the high heat conduction graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode with a seven-layer structure. Thereby bringing the reaction heat of hydrogen and oxygen from the inside of the reactor to the surroundings of the reactor and dissipating the heat by air or liquid.
The graphene composite material is also called a graphene-based graphite film, a heat-conducting graphite material, a heat-conducting graphite sheet and a graphite heat sink, and is a brand new heat-conducting and heat-dissipating material. The brand new heat conduction material is a high-purity composite graphene film or graphite film synthesized by purifying graphite powder at high temperature and removing a plurality of impurities in the graphite powder. Or preparing graphite oxide by using natural crystalline flake graphite as a raw material by using a Hummers method, thermally stripping the graphite oxide to form graphene, or dispersing and stripping the graphite oxide by using ultrasonic waves to form graphene oxide, and chemically reducing the graphene oxide to form the graphene-based composite material film.
The high heat conduction layer comprises a heat dissipation part, a first hydrogen channel and a high heat conduction net. The heat dissipation part is in contact with air or liquid and dissipates heat through heat exchange with the air or the liquid; hydrogen needed by the hydrogen-oxygen reaction reaches a hydrogen flow field in the reactor through a first hydrogen channel; the heat generated by the hydrogen-oxygen reaction is diffused to the heat dissipation part through the high heat conduction net, meanwhile, the gas generated by the hydrogen-oxygen reaction passes through the gaps in the high heat conduction net to reach the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode, and the water generated by the reaction also passes through the net to be discharged.
A single fuel cell comprises a hydrogen flow field plate, an oxygen flow field plate and a high-heat-conductivity graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode, wherein the high-heat-conductivity graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode is positioned between the hydrogen flow field plate and the oxygen flow field plate.
A cell stack comprises a cell stack body and a heat dissipation device, wherein the cell stack body is formed by stacking a plurality of single fuel cells, the heat dissipation device is positioned at the periphery of the cell stack body, and a heat dissipation flow field is formed by a heat dissipation medium of the heat dissipation device and the heat dissipation part. Wherein, the heat dissipation medium is air or liquid, and the cell stack body and the heat dissipation device are mutually independent. According to the invention, the oxygen required by the reactor reaction is separated from the air or liquid required by heat dissipation, so that the heat dissipation efficiency of the reactor is directly improved, the service life and the environmental adaptability of the reactor are improved, and the practical value of the reactor is improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a structure of a high thermal conductive layer made of a graphene-based composite membrane or a thermal conductive graphite membrane;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a highly thermally conductive graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode;
FIG. 3 is a hydrogen flow field plate of a graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an oxygen flow field plate of a graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is a single fuel cell provided with the highly thermally conductive graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack according to the present invention, wherein a heat dissipation medium of the heat dissipation device is a liquid;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack according to the present invention, wherein a heat dissipation medium of the heat dissipation device is air;
FIG. 8 is a dynamic flow diagram of the graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a dynamic flow diagram of the graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is an anode flow field plate of a prior art air-cooled PEM fuel cell stack;
FIG. 11 is a prior art cathode flow field plate of an air-cooled PEM fuel cell stack;
figure 12 is a membrane electrode assembly of a prior art pem fuel cell stack.
The symbols in the drawings illustrate that:
1. a heat dissipating section; 2. a first hydrogen passage; 3. a highly thermally conductive mesh; 4. a heat dissipation flow field; 5. a flow field seal ring; 6. a hydrogen flow field; 7. sealing the wall; 8. a second hydrogen channel; 9. an oxygen flow field; 10. an oxygen channel; 11. a heat exchange member;
31. a cathode flow field; 32. a hydrogen gas flow channel; 33. an anode flow field;
34. a proton exchange membrane; 35. a catalyst layer; 36. a diffusion layer.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 2, a highly heat conductive graphene-based pem electrode includes a pem 34, a catalyst layer 35, a diffusion layer 36, and a highly heat conductive layer. The number of the catalyst layers is two layers and is respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the proton exchange membrane, the number of the diffusion layers is two layers and is respectively positioned at the left side of the left catalyst layer and the right side of the right catalyst layer, and the number of the high heat conduction layers is two layers and is respectively positioned at the left side of the left diffusion layer and the right side of the right diffusion layer.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the high thermal conductive layer includes a heat dissipation portion 1, a first hydrogen channel 2, and a high thermal conductive mesh 3, the high thermal conductive mesh is aligned with the proton exchange membrane, the catalyst layer, and the diffusion layer left and right, the heat dissipation portion and the first hydrogen channel protrude from the proton exchange membrane, the catalyst layer, and the diffusion layer along the front-back direction, and the first hydrogen channel is located inside the heat dissipation portion, that is, the first hydrogen channel is closer to the proton exchange membrane, the catalyst layer, and the diffusion layer. After passing through the high thermal conductivity layer, the reacted gas is diffused by the diffusion layer 36 to generate electrochemical reaction under the action of the catalyst, and generate current, reaction heat, water and the like.
The high heat conduction layer is made of a graphite heat dissipation material or a graphene composite material, wherein the graphene composite material is a graphene-based composite material. Preferably, the graphite heat dissipation material is a heat conductive graphite film. The high heat conduction layer is in a thin sheet shape, and due to the high heat conduction performance of the graphene composite material or the graphite heat dissipation material, the thickness of the high heat conduction layer can be 0.05-0.5 mm, or the thickness of the high heat conduction layer is selected according to the environment in which the proton exchange membrane electrode is used.
Referring to fig. 5, a single fuel cell comprises a hydrogen flow field plate, an oxygen flow field plate and a proton exchange membrane electrode. The proton exchange membrane electrode is positioned between a hydrogen flow field plate and an oxygen flow field plate, and the high-thermal-conductivity graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode is the high-thermal-conductivity graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode.
In the single fuel cell, as shown in fig. 3, the hydrogen flow field plate includes a hydrogen flow field 6, a sealing wall 7, and a second hydrogen channel 8, the sealing wall is disposed at the periphery of the hydrogen flow field, the second hydrogen channel is communicated with the hydrogen flow field, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen flow field through the second hydrogen channel and then enters the proton exchange membrane electrode for reaction. Wherein, a flow field sealing ring 5 is arranged between the hydrogen flow field 6 and the sealing wall 7.
In a single fuel cell, as shown in fig. 4, the oxygen flow field plate includes an oxygen flow field 9 and an oxygen channel 10, and the oxygen channel is communicated with the oxygen flow field. The oxygen flow field plate and the hydrogen flow field plate share the sealing wall 7, and the sealing wall is arranged at the periphery of the oxygen flow field.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, a cell stack, that is, a graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack according to the present invention, includes a cell stack body and a heat dissipation device, where the cell stack body is formed by stacking a plurality of the above single fuel cells.
In the cell stack, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the hydrogen flow field plate and the oxygen flow field plate of adjacent single fuel cells are located on two sides of the same flow field plate to form a flow field plate, and two different hydrogen flow field end plates and oxygen flow field end plates are located at two ends of the cell stack.
In the cell stack, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the heat dissipation device is located at the periphery of the cell stack body, the heat dissipation device includes, but is not limited to, an air heat dissipation device and a liquid heat dissipation device, a heat dissipation medium of the air heat dissipation device is air, and a medium of the liquid heat dissipation device is liquid. The heat dissipation medium and the heat dissipation parts 1 of all the proton exchange membranes in the cell stack form a heat dissipation flow field 4. The sealing walls 7 are arranged between the heat dissipation flow field 4 and the oxygen flow field 9, and between the heat dissipation flow field 4 and the hydrogen flow field 6.
As shown in fig. 6, the heat dissipation device of the battery cell stack is a liquid heat dissipation device, and the liquid heat dissipation device and the battery cell stack body are independent of each other, and the heat in the heat dissipation portion of the high thermal conductive layer is dissipated by liquid heat exchange.
As shown in fig. 7, the heat dissipation device of the cell stack is an air heat dissipation device, and the air heat dissipation device and the cell stack body are independent from each other, and the heat in the heat dissipation portion of the high thermal conductive layer is dissipated by air heat exchange.
No matter the battery electric pile adopts air heat radiation or liquid heat radiation, air required by oxyhydrogen reaction and air flow or liquid required by heat radiation are mutually independent, so that oxygen required by the oxyhydrogen reaction can be filtered or humidified, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the service environment adaptability of the battery is enhanced, as shown in fig. 8 and 9.
The battery electric pile and the high-heat-conductivity graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode thereof are basic inventions in the field of proton exchange membrane battery electric piles, and can be applied to all proton exchange membrane battery electric pile devices.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a high heat conduction graphite alkene base proton exchange membrane electrode, includes proton exchange membrane (34), catalyst layer (35) and diffusion layer (36), and the catalyst layer is located proton exchange membrane's the left and right sides, and the diffusion layer is located the left side of left side catalyst layer and the right side of right side catalyst layer, its characterized in that: the left side of left side diffusion layer and the right side of right side diffusion layer are equipped with high heat-conducting layer respectively, and the material of high heat-conducting layer is graphite heat dissipation material or graphite alkene combined material.
2. The high thermal conductivity graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode of claim 1, wherein: the high heat conduction layer comprises a heat dissipation part (1), a first hydrogen channel (2) and a high heat conduction net (3), the high heat conduction net is aligned with the proton exchange membrane, the catalyst layer and the diffusion layer left and right, the heat dissipation part and the first hydrogen channel protrude out of the proton exchange membrane, the catalyst layer and the diffusion layer in the front-back direction, and the first hydrogen channel is located on the inner side of the heat dissipation part.
3. A single fuel cell comprises a hydrogen flow field plate, an oxygen flow field plate and a proton exchange membrane electrode, wherein the proton exchange membrane electrode is positioned between the hydrogen flow field plate and the oxygen flow field plate, and the single fuel cell is characterized in that: the proton exchange membrane electrode is the high-thermal-conductivity graphene-based proton exchange membrane electrode in claim 1 or 2.
4. A unit fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein: the hydrogen flow field plate comprises a hydrogen flow field (6), a sealing wall (7) and a second hydrogen channel (8), wherein the sealing wall is arranged at the periphery of the hydrogen flow field, and the second hydrogen channel is communicated with the hydrogen flow field.
5. A unit fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein: the oxygen flow field plate comprises an oxygen flow field (9) and an oxygen channel (10), and the oxygen channel is communicated with the oxygen flow field.
6. The utility model provides a battery galvanic pile, includes battery galvanic pile body and heat abstractor, the battery galvanic pile body is piled up by a plurality of monomer fuel cell and is formed its characterized in that: the unit fuel cell is the unit fuel cell according to any one of claims 3 to 5; the heat dissipation device is positioned at the periphery of the cell stack body, and a heat dissipation flow field is formed by a heat dissipation medium of the heat dissipation device and the heat dissipation part (1).
7. The cell stack of claim 6, wherein: the heat dissipation medium is air or liquid.
8. The cell stack of claim 6, wherein: the battery pile body and the heat dissipation device are mutually independent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910444008.XA CN111224136B (en) | 2019-05-27 | 2019-05-27 | Graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack |
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| CN201910444008.XA CN111224136B (en) | 2019-05-27 | 2019-05-27 | Graphene cold proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack |
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| CN111224136A true CN111224136A (en) | 2020-06-02 |
| CN111224136B CN111224136B (en) | 2022-09-02 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110649279A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-03 | 陶霖密 | Proton exchange membrane electrode, fuel cell, stack and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN113161589A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Tail hydrogen treatment device of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN101789511A (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2010-07-28 | 昆山弗尔赛能源有限公司 | Membrane electrode component integrating flow field structure and fuel cell thereof |
| CN102683718A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-09-19 | 南京大学（苏州）高新技术研究院 | Bipolar plate for fuel cell |
| CN109301284A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-01 | 东北大学 | Heating device fuel cell based on efficient Waste Heat Reuse compound polar plate |
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2019
- 2019-05-27 CN CN201910444008.XA patent/CN111224136B/en active Active
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| CN1418384A (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2003-05-14 | 格拉弗技术公司 | Fluid permeable flexible graphite article with enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity |
| JP2003243002A (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2003-08-29 | Toshiba International Fuel Cells Corp | Fuel cell |
| CN101789511A (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2010-07-28 | 昆山弗尔赛能源有限公司 | Membrane electrode component integrating flow field structure and fuel cell thereof |
| CN102683718A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-09-19 | 南京大学（苏州）高新技术研究院 | Bipolar plate for fuel cell |
| CN109301284A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-01 | 东北大学 | Heating device fuel cell based on efficient Waste Heat Reuse compound polar plate |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110649279A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-03 | 陶霖密 | Proton exchange membrane electrode, fuel cell, stack and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN113161589A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Tail hydrogen treatment device of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN113161589B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-08-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Tail hydrogen treatment device of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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