CN111220788B - Similar material simulation test system for working face roadside roof-cutting entry retaining and use method - Google Patents
Similar material simulation test system for working face roadside roof-cutting entry retaining and use method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a similar material simulation test system of a working face roadside roof-cutting entry retaining and a using method thereof, wherein the system comprises: the similar material laying unit is used for laying similar materials of the coal rock stratum in layers; the hydraulic loading unit is used for loading the coal and rock stratum similar materials; the analog drilling machine unit is used for drilling holes in roadway surrounding rocks formed by the similar materials of the coal rock layer; the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the stress and deformation of the roadway surrounding rock and the supporting body; and the control unit is respectively used for carrying out servo control on the hydraulic loading unit and the simulation drilling machine unit and collecting and processing monitoring data of the monitoring unit. The method can simulate the whole process of roof cutting and roadway forming under the coal mine relatively truly, can effectively determine roof cutting parameters, provides reliable basis for field engineering practice, can design specific pre-splitting drilling parameters aiming at different roof plates and mining conditions, can ensure smooth roof cutting, does not cause waste, and has relatively great practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a working face roadside roof-cutting entry retaining similar material simulation test system and a using method thereof.
Background
The coal pillar-free mining is an important direction for realizing sustainable development and green mining of coal resources, and mainly comprises two technologies of gob-side entry retaining and gob-side entry driving. The gob-side entry retaining technology is characterized in that after a working face is mined, an original gateway is retained by a certain method to serve the next working face, one lane is dual-purpose, resources can be recovered to the maximum extent, and the gob-side entry retaining technology has the advantages of high economic benefit, small tunneling workload and the like and is widely applied to coal mine production.
During gob-side entry retaining, filling walls, single supports and the like are generally adopted as roadside supports, the stress of the roadside supports is closely related to the movement of a top plate, the roadside supports are controlled by the fracture of the lateral top plate and the rotary sinking movement, the larger the suspended top is, the larger the rotary angle is, the larger the load of the roadside supports is, and the more serious the deformation of surrounding rocks is. Therefore, an expert and scholars provide a '110 construction method', which takes the roof-cutting short-wall beam theory as guidance, adopts a constant-resistance large-deformation anchor cable to strengthen and support a roadway roof, cuts the roadway-side roof along the edge of the roadway by a certain technical means, automatically forms a stoping roadway, cancels the complex procedure of constructing a roadway-side filling body in the traditional roadway-retaining technology, and has higher safety and automation degree.
At present, the roof cutting technology is mainly realized by advanced manual directional blasting and large-diameter drilling pre-splitting, so that the lateral roof is cut off under the action of mine pressure, the roof cutting effect is good in certain mining areas or specific working faces, the cut lateral roof can well support overlying strata and can well isolate goafs, and good economic benefits are obtained. However, under the conditions of hard working face, large thickness and good integrity, especially the top plate, the roof cutting effect is poor, which often causes roadway retaining failure and affects the safe and efficient mining of the working face. The complexity of field engineering and the diversity of influence conditions enable the design of the topping parameters to be mainly obtained by an empirical similarity method and a numerical simulation method, and cannot be obtained by strict theoretical derivation.
Therefore, aiming at different top plates and mining conditions, how to design the targeted blasting and presplitting drilling parameters can ensure smooth roof cutting without causing waste, and the method has great practical significance. The similar material test is used as a common rock mass engineering simulation method and can be one of effective methods for obtaining the optimal crest truncation parameters. In the prior art, a three-direction accurate positioning analog simulation roadway micro-drilling machine (with the patent number of CN201410831360.6) can perform drilling operation in analog material simulation roadways and can perform horizontal and vertical operation, but the drilling machine cannot perform continuous operation, is complex in device operation, has large influence of human factors, and is easy to cause large experimental errors. Thus, further improvements are needed in the existing test devices and methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a working face roadside roof-cut entry retaining similar material simulation test system with high simulation precision and good use effect and a use method thereof.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a similar material simulation test system of a working face roadside roof-cutting entry retaining, which comprises:
the similar material laying unit is used for laying similar materials of coal rock strata in layers, simulating the excavation of a roadway and simulating the conditions of a working face and rock strata around the working face;
the hydraulic loading unit is used for loading the coal and rock stratum similar material model;
the analog drilling machine unit is used for drilling holes in the surrounding rock of the roadway formed by the coal rock layer similar material model;
the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the stress and deformation of the roadway surrounding rock and the supporting body and the development condition of cracks in the surrounding rock;
and the control unit is used for performing servo control on the hydraulic loading unit and the simulation drilling machine unit and collecting and processing monitoring data of the monitoring unit.
Further, the similar material laying unit includes:
the base is fixed on the ground;
the left vertical frame and the right vertical frame are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the base;
the baffle plates are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the base, and two ends of each baffle plate are fixedly connected with the left vertical frame and the right vertical frame respectively;
the top beam is arranged above the base, and two ends of the top beam are respectively connected with the upper parts of the left vertical frame and the right vertical frame;
the base, the left vertical frame, the right vertical frame, the baffle and the top beam form a closed space, and similar materials of coal rock strata are arranged in the closed space.
Furthermore, the baffle is formed by arranging a plurality of baffle bodies side by side.
Further, the hydraulic loading unit includes:
the upper pressing plate is arranged at the top of the coal rock layer similar material model;
the left pressing plate and the right pressing plate are respectively abutted against the left side and the right side of the coal rock layer similar material model;
the vertical loading oil cylinder is fixed between the top beam and the upper pressure plate;
the left loading oil cylinder is fixed between the left vertical frame and the left pressing plate;
the right loading oil cylinder is fixed between the right vertical frame and the right pressing plate;
the vertical loading oil cylinder, the left loading oil cylinder and the right loading oil cylinder are all connected with an oil tank, and the oil tank is further connected with the control unit.
Further, the analog drill unit includes:
the roadway guide rail is arranged in a roadway formed by the coal rock layer similar material model;
the vertical fixing plate is arranged on the outer side of the baffle, one end of the vertical fixing plate is fixedly connected with one end of the roadway guide rail, and the other end of the vertical fixing plate is fixedly connected with the front surface of the base;
the lifting platform is slidably mounted on the roadway guide rail and is connected with the control unit; the control unit can be used for controlling the lifting platform to slide along the roadway guide rail and can also be used for controlling the lifting platform to adjust the lifting height;
the semicircular disc is vertically fixed on the lifting platform;
the first motor is arranged on the semicircular disc, and a drill rod is arranged at the output end of the first motor;
and one end of the guide rod is connected with the first motor, the other end of the guide rod penetrates through the semicircular disc to be connected with an output shaft of a second motor, the second motor is fixed on the lifting table and is used for driving the guide rod to rotate so as to drive the first motor to rotate relative to the semicircular disc.
Furthermore, the monitoring unit comprises a first detection unit, a second detection unit, an industrial high-speed camera and a signal collector;
the first detection unit comprises:
the pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the coal rock layer similar material model, the vertical loading oil cylinder, the left loading oil cylinder and the right loading oil cylinder;
the acoustic emission probe is arranged inside the coal-rock-layer similar material model and is used for monitoring the internal fracture development condition of the coal-rock-layer similar material model;
the strain sensor is arranged in the coal and rock layer similar material model and used for monitoring the strain changes of a roadway top plate of the coal and rock layer similar material model and the surrounding coal and rock layers;
digital speckles are sprayed on the surface of the coal rock layer similar material model;
the second detection unit comprises:
the anchor rod/cable dynamometer is arranged on a supporting body of the coal rock layer similar material model, and the supporting body is an anchor rod or an anchor cable;
the micro multi-point displacement meter is arranged on a roadway top plate and an entity coal side of the coal and rock layer similar material model and is used for monitoring the separation condition of the roadway top plate and the entity coal side;
the industrial high-speed camera is arranged outside the similar material laying unit and monitors the surface displacement of the coal rock layer similar material model through a digital speckle layer;
and one end of the signal collector is respectively connected with the anchor rod/cable dynamometer, the pressure sensor, the industrial high-speed camera, the acoustic emission probe, the strain sensor and the miniature multi-point displacement meter, and the other end of the signal collector is connected with the control unit.
Further, the control unit comprises a servo controller and a computer which are connected with each other.
The invention provides a use method of a working face roadside roof-cutting entry retaining similar material simulation test system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing an experimental scheme in advance, paving coal and rock stratum similar material models in a similar paving unit in a layered mode according to the experimental scheme, and using the models to simulate the conditions of a working face and surrounding rock strata, embedding a monitoring unit I at a set position in the paving process, marking the position of a set working face stoping roadway, wherein the stoping roadway is located in a similar simulation coal seam and is arranged on two sides of the set working face;
s2, removing partial baffles, controlling a hydraulic loading unit to apply vertical pressure and horizontal pressure to the coal rock layer similar material model through a control unit, simulating a stress environment, and monitoring by a monitoring unit in real time;
s3, excavating a stoping roadway at the marked position, installing a drilling machine simulation unit after the excavation is finished, utilizing the simulation drilling machine unit to perform punching support on the roadway top plate and the solid coal side of the coal and rock layer similar material model, drilling a hole on the working face side of the roadway and installing a monitoring unit II, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
s3.1, moving the simulation drilling machine unit to the front side of the coal rock layer similar material model under the control of the control unit, and installing a drill rod with the required diameter on the output end of the first motor;
s3.2, moving the analog drilling machine unit to a specific position, controlling a second motor to drive a guide rod by a control unit so that a first motor rotates to a horizontal position, and then controlling a lifting platform to adjust the vertical height of the lifting platform;
s3.3, driving a drill rod to drill a drill hole on the coal side of the roadway entity by a first motor under the control of the control unit;
s3.4, the control unit continuously controls the lifting platform and the second motor to adjust the drilling angle and height of the first drilling machine, and controls the first motor to continuously drill a certain number of drill holes on the coal side and the top plate of the roadway entity;
s3.5, mounting an anchor rod/cable in the drilled drill hole to support a roadway roof and the solid coal side, and then mounting a monitoring unit II;
s3.6, controlling the lifting platform to move to the front side of the coal rock layer similar material model, replacing a drill rod with another diameter according to the design of the experimental scheme, then moving the drill rod to a specified position, adjusting the angle of the first motor under the control of the control unit, and then controlling the first motor to drill a certain number of advanced pre-splitting drill holes on the roadway working face side;
s4, removing the simulation drilling machine unit, monitoring the monitoring unit II in real time, gradually excavating the coal seam on the working face according to the circulation footage designed by the experimental scheme, installing the simulation drilling machine unit again after each circulation footage is finished, and drilling the advanced pre-splitting drilling hole required by the next stage by using the simulation drilling machine unit;
s5, observing the caving condition of a goaf top plate, the stress strain condition of surrounding rocks of the roadway, the stress condition of an anchor rod/cable and the surface displacement of rock strata around the roadway in the excavation process, and storing monitoring data; drawing a stress-strain curve, an acoustic emission result graph and a digital speckle result graph of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the roof cutting process through monitoring data;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S5, drilling advanced pre-splitting drill holes with different diameters, angles and depths on the working face side, repeating a plurality of groups of tests, analyzing stress-strain curves obtained by all the test groups and the working face top plate collapse condition, and combining the stress-strain curves and the working face top plate collapse condition to select an optimal scheme, namely an optimal top cutting parameter.
Further, in the step S1, the first monitoring unit is installed in a pre-embedded manner, and the coal-rock layer similar material model is dried and then sprayed with the digital speckle layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) on the basis of the original similar material simulation test device, the simulation drilling machine unit is arranged, and the functions of automatically drilling holes with different diameters, angles and depths in a simulation roadway, continuously operating and the like are realized through the mutual matching of the guide rail, the lifting platform, the motor, the semicircular disc, the guide rod, the drill rod and the like, so that the simulation drilling machine unit has the advantages of simplicity in operation, small test error and the like.
2) By adopting the simulation drilling machine unit, the influence of the diameter of the drilled hole, the drilling angle, the drilling depth and the distance between the drilled holes on the top cutting effect can be effectively obtained, the optimal top cutting pre-splitting parameter is obtained, the smooth top cutting during field construction is ensured, no waste is caused, and the simulation drilling machine unit has a great practical significance.
3) The hydraulic loading unit is arranged and comprises a vertical loading oil cylinder, a left horizontal loading oil cylinder and a right horizontal loading oil cylinder, so that static loads which are adjusted in real time can be applied to the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the coal and rock stratum similar material model, the stress of the coal and rock stratum similar material model is close to the same as the actual situation of a field, and the accuracy and the precision of a test are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a similar material simulation test system for a roadside roof-cutting entry retaining of a working face of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rig-simulating unit of the face roadside roof-cut entry-retaining similar materials simulation test system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rig-simulating unit of the face roadside roof cut entry similar materials simulation test system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection mode of an upper pressing plate and a left pressing plate/right pressing plate of the working face roadside roof cutting entry similar material simulation test system;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation position of a pressure sensor of the working face roadside roof entry-cutting similar material simulation test system in a vertical loading oil cylinder.
In the figure:
1-similar material laying unit, 11-base, 12-left vertical frame, 13-right vertical frame, 14-baffle and 15-top beam;
2-hydraulic loading unit, 21-upper press plate, 22-left press plate, 23-right press plate, 24-vertical loading oil cylinder, 25-left loading oil cylinder, 26-right loading oil cylinder and 27-oil tank;
3-simulating a drilling machine unit, 31-a roadway guide rail, 32-a vertical fixing plate, 33-a lifting table, 34-a semicircular disc, 35-a first motor, 36-a guide rod, 37-a drill rod and 38-a second motor;
4-monitoring unit, 41-pressure sensor, 42-industrial high-speed camera, 43-signal collector;
5-control unit, 51-servo controller, 52-computer;
6-coal-rock formation similar material model.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the working face roadside roof-cut entry similar material simulation test system of the invention comprises:
the similar material laying unit 1 is used for laying a coal rock layer similar material model 6 in a layered mode and excavating a simulation roadway;
the hydraulic loading unit 2 is used for loading the coal and rock layer similar material model 6;
the simulation drilling machine unit 3 is used for drilling holes in the surrounding rocks of the roadway formed by the coal rock layer similar material model 6;
the monitoring unit 4 is used for monitoring the stress and deformation of the roadway surrounding rock and the supporting body and the development condition of cracks in the surrounding rock;
and the control unit 5 is used for performing servo control on the hydraulic loading unit 2 and the analog drilling machine unit 3 and collecting and processing monitoring data of the monitoring unit 4.
Specifically, the similar-material laying unit 1 includes:
a base 11 fixed on the ground;
the left vertical frame 12 and the right vertical frame 13 are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the base 11;
the baffle plates 14 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the base 11, and two ends of the baffle plates 14 are fixedly connected with the left vertical frame 12 and the right vertical frame 13 respectively;
the top beam 15 is arranged above the base 11, and two ends of the top beam 15 are respectively connected with the upper parts of the left vertical frame 12 and the right vertical frame 13;
a closed space is enclosed by the base 11, the left vertical frame 12, the right vertical frame 13, the baffle 14 and the top beam 15, and a coal and rock layer similar material model 6 is arranged in the closed space. In the invention, the upper surface of the base 11 is provided with an I-shaped groove, the front surface is provided with a row of threaded holes, and the base 11 is fixed on the ground through bolts.
Preferably, in order to adjust the laying height of the coal-rock-layer-like material model 6, the baffle 14 is formed by arranging a plurality of baffle bodies side by side.
The hydraulic loading unit 2 of the present invention includes:
the upper pressing plate 21 is arranged on the top of the coal rock layer similar material model 6;
the left pressing plate 22 and the right pressing plate 23 are respectively abutted against the left side and the right side of the coal rock layer similar material model 6;
a vertical loading cylinder 24 fixed between the top beam 15 and the upper press plate 21;
the left loading oil cylinder 25 is fixed between the left vertical frame 12 and the left pressure plate 22;
a right loading cylinder 26 fixed between the right stand 13 and the right pressing plate 23;
wherein, the vertical loading oil cylinder 24, the left loading oil cylinder 25 and the right loading oil cylinder 26 are all connected with an oil tank 27, and the oil tank 27 is also connected with the control unit 5.
In the invention, the left pressure plate 22 and the right pressure plate 23 can respectively move left and right by controlling the left loading oil cylinder 25 and the right loading oil cylinder 26, and horizontal stress is applied to the coal-rock layer similar material model 6. After the coal and rock strata similar material model 6 is paved to a preset height, the top beam 15 is controlled to move up and down, so that the upper pressing plate 21 also directly acts on the similar material model, and then the vertical loading oil cylinder 24 is controlled to enable the upper pressing plate 21 to move up and down to apply vertical stress on the coal and rock strata similar material model 6. Preferably, the left pressing plate 22 and the right pressing plate 23 are in an i-shaped configuration below and are disposed in an i-shaped groove on the upper surface of the base 11. The I-shaped groove on the base 11 can facilitate the movement of the left pressing plate 22 and the right pressing plate 23, so that the coal strata similar material model 6 is uniformly stressed in the horizontal direction, and the protective film is paved above the I-shaped groove to prevent broken stones of the coal strata similar material model 6 from falling into the groove and influencing the movement of the left pressing plate 22 and the right pressing plate 23. Preferably, lubricating oil is smeared in the I-shaped grooves and in the I-shaped parts at the lower ends of the left pressure plate 22 and the right pressure plate 23 so as to reduce the influence of frictional resistance.
The analog drill unit 3 of the present invention includes:
the roadway guide rail 31 is arranged in a roadway of the coal rock layer similar material model 6;
the vertical fixing plate 32 is arranged on the outer side of the baffle plate 14, one end of the vertical fixing plate 32 is fixedly connected with one end of the roadway guide rail 31, and the other end of the vertical fixing plate 32 is fixedly connected with the front surface of the base 11;
the lifting platform 33 is slidably arranged on the roadway guide rail 31, and the lifting platform 33 is connected with the control unit 5; the control unit 5 can be used for controlling the lifting platform 33 to slide along the roadway guide rail 31 and can also be used for controlling the lifting platform 33 to adjust the lifting height;
a semicircular disc 34 vertically fixed on the elevating table 33;
the first motor 35 is arranged on the semicircular disc 34, and the output end of the first motor 35 is provided with a drill rod 37;
one end of the guide rod 36 is connected with the first motor 35, the other end of the guide rod passes through the half disc 34 and is connected with an output shaft of the second motor 38, the second motor 38 is fixed on the lifting table 33, and the second motor 38 is used for driving the guide rod 36 to rotate and driving the first motor 35 to rotate relative to the half disc 34.
In the invention, the first motor 35 can drill the drill holes with different depths under the control of the control unit 5, and the drill rods 37 with different diameters can be replaced according to the test condition to drill the required drill holes; the second motor 38 adjusts the drilling angle of the first motor 35 during drilling through the guide rod 36 under the control of the control unit 5, so that the first motor 35 can be ensured to rotate freely, and can also be fixed at a certain angle and cannot rotate; the elevating table 33 is movable along the roadway guide rail 31 under the control of the control unit 5, so that the first motor 35 can drill a hole at any position of the roadway.
The monitoring unit 4 of the invention comprises a first detection unit, a second detection unit, an industrial high-speed camera 42 and a signal collector 43;
the first detection unit comprises:
one part of the pressure sensor 41 is embedded in the coal rock layer similar material model 6 to monitor the stress condition of the roadway top plate and the surrounding rock mass, and the other part of the pressure sensor is installed in the vertical loading oil cylinder 24, the left loading oil cylinder 25 and the right loading oil cylinder 26 to monitor the oil pressure in the oil cylinders in real time and reversely deduce the stress applied by the oil cylinders.
The acoustic emission probe is arranged inside the coal stratum similar material model 6 and is used for monitoring the internal fracture development condition of the coal stratum similar material model 6;
the strain sensor is arranged inside the coal and rock layer similar material model 6 and used for monitoring the strain changes of a roadway top plate of the coal and rock layer similar material model 6 and surrounding coal and rock layers;
digital speckles are sprayed on the surface of the coal rock layer similar material model 6;
the second detection unit comprises:
the anchor rod/cable dynamometer is arranged on a supporting body of the coal rock layer similar material model 6, and the supporting body is an anchor rod or an anchor cable;
the micro multi-point displacement meter is arranged on a roadway top plate and an entity coal side of the coal and rock layer similar material model 6 and used for monitoring the separation condition of the roadway top plate and the entity coal side;
the industrial high-speed camera 42 is arranged outside the similar material laying unit 1, and the industrial high-speed camera 42 monitors the surface displacement of the coal rock layer similar material model 6 through a digital speckle layer;
one end of the signal collector 43 is respectively connected with the anchor rod/cable dynamometer, the pressure sensor 41, the industrial high-speed camera 42, the acoustic emission probe, the strain sensor and the micro multi-point displacement meter, and the other end of the signal collector 43 is connected with the control unit 5.
The control unit 5 of the present invention comprises a servo controller 51 and a computer 52 connected to each other. The computer 52 can control the vertical loading oil cylinder 24, the left loading oil cylinder 25 and the right loading oil cylinder 26 to load the coal and rock layer similar material model 6 through the servo controller 51, can also control the simulation drilling machine unit 3 to drill holes in the surrounding rocks of the roadway, and can also collect and analyze test data from the monitoring unit 4.
The invention discloses a use method of a working face roadside roof-cutting entry retaining similar material simulation test system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing an experimental scheme in advance, laying a coal and rock stratum similar material model 6 in a similar laying unit 1 in a layered mode according to the experimental scheme, wherein the model is used for simulating the conditions of a working face and surrounding rock strata, a monitoring unit I is pre-buried at a set position in the laying process, the set position of a working face stoping roadway is marked, and the stoping roadway is located in a similar simulated coal bed and is arranged on two sides of the set working face;
s2, removing part of the baffle 14, controlling the hydraulic loading unit 2 to apply vertical pressure and horizontal pressure to the coal-rock layer similar material model 6 through the control unit 5, simulating a stress environment, and monitoring in real time by the monitoring unit;
s3, excavating a stoping roadway at the marked position, installing a drilling machine simulation unit 3 after the excavation is finished, utilizing the simulation drilling machine unit to perform punching support on the roadway top plate and the solid coal side of the coal and rock layer similar material model 6, drilling holes on the working face side of the roadway and installing a monitoring unit II, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
s3.1, under the control of the control unit 5, moving the analog drilling machine unit 3 to the front side of the coal and rock layer similar material model 6, and installing a drill rod 37 with a proper diameter on the output end of the first motor 35;
s3.2, moving the analog drilling machine unit 3 to a specific position, controlling the second motor 38 to drive the guide rod 36 by the control unit 5 to enable the first motor 35 to rotate to a horizontal position, and then controlling the lifting table 33 to adjust the vertical height of the lifting table;
s3.3, then under the control of the control unit 5, the first motor 35 drives the drill rod to drill a drill hole on the coal side of the roadway entity;
s3.4, the control unit 5 continuously controls the lifting platform 33 and the second motor 38 to adjust the drilling angle and height of the first drilling machine 35, and controls the first motor to drill a certain number of drill holes on the coal side and the top plate of the roadway entity;
s3.5, mounting an anchor rod/cable in the drilled drill hole to support a roadway roof and the solid coal side, and then mounting a monitoring unit II;
s3.6, controlling the lifting platform 33 to move the lifting platform to the front side of the coal and rock layer similar material model 6, replacing a drill rod 37 with another diameter according to the design of an experimental scheme, then moving the drill rod to a specified position, adjusting the angle of the first motor 35 under the control of the control unit 5, and then controlling the first motor 35 to drill a certain number of advanced pre-splitting drill holes on the working face side of the roadway;
and S4, removing the simulation drilling machine unit 3, monitoring in real time by the monitoring unit II, gradually excavating the coal bed on the working face according to the circulation footage designed by the experimental scheme, and after each circulation footage is finished, installing the simulation drilling machine unit 3 again and drilling the advanced pre-splitting drill hole required by the next stage by using the simulation drilling machine unit 3. (ii) a
S5, observing the caving condition of a goaf top plate, the stress strain condition of surrounding rocks of the roadway, the stress condition of an anchor rod/cable and the surface displacement of rock strata around the roadway in the excavation process, and storing monitoring data; drawing a stress-strain curve, an acoustic emission result graph and a digital speckle result graph of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the roof cutting process through monitoring data;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S5, drilling advanced pre-splitting drill holes with different diameters, angles and depths on the working face side, repeating a plurality of groups of tests, analyzing stress-strain curves obtained by all the test groups and the working face top plate collapse condition, and combining the stress-strain curves and the working face top plate collapse condition to select an optimal scheme, namely an optimal top cutting parameter.
Preferably, in step S1, the first monitoring unit is installed in a pre-embedded manner, and the digital speckles are sprayed after the coal-rock-layer-like material 6 is dried.
In summary, the invention has the advantages that:
1) on the basis of the original similar material simulation test device, the simulation drilling machine unit is arranged, and the functions of automatically drilling holes with different diameters, angles and depths in a simulation roadway, continuously operating and the like are realized through the mutual matching of the guide rail, the lifting platform, the motor, the semicircular disc, the guide rod, the drill rod and the like, so that the simulation drilling machine unit has the advantages of simplicity in operation, small test error and the like.
2) By adopting the simulation drilling machine unit, the influence of the diameter of the drilled hole, the drilling angle, the drilling depth and the distance between the drilled holes on the top cutting effect can be effectively obtained, the optimal top cutting pre-splitting parameter is obtained, the smooth top cutting during field construction is ensured, no waste is caused, and the simulation drilling machine unit has a great practical significance.
3) The hydraulic loading unit is arranged and comprises a vertical loading oil cylinder, a left horizontal loading oil cylinder and a right horizontal loading oil cylinder, so that static loads which are adjusted in real time can be applied to the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the coal and rock stratum similar material model, the stress of the coal and rock stratum similar material model is close to the same as the actual situation of a field, and the accuracy and the precision of a test are improved.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A test method of a similar material simulation test system of a working face roadside roof-cut entry is characterized in that the similar material simulation test system of the working face roadside roof-cut entry comprises the following steps:
the similar material laying unit is used for laying similar materials of coal rock strata layer by layer, simulating excavation of a roadway and simulating the conditions of a working face and rock strata around the working face; the similar material laying unit comprises: the base is fixed on the ground; the left vertical frame and the right vertical frame are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the base; the baffle plates are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the base and are formed by arranging a plurality of baffle plate bodies side by side, and two ends of each baffle plate are fixedly connected with the left vertical frame and the right vertical frame respectively; the top beam is arranged above the base, and two ends of the top beam are respectively connected with the upper parts of the left vertical frame and the right vertical frame; the base, the left vertical frame, the right vertical frame, the baffle plate and the top beam form a closed space, and a coal and rock layer similar material model is arranged in the closed space;
the hydraulic loading unit is used for loading the coal and rock stratum similar material model;
the analog drilling machine unit is used for drilling holes in the surrounding rock of the roadway formed by the coal rock layer similar material model; the analog drilling machine unit comprises: the roadway guide rail is arranged in a roadway formed by the coal and rock stratum similar material model; the vertical fixing plate is arranged on the outer side of the baffle, one end of the vertical fixing plate is fixedly connected with one end of the roadway guide rail, and the other end of the vertical fixing plate is fixedly connected with the front surface of the base; the lifting platform is slidably mounted on the roadway guide rail and is connected with the control unit; the control unit can be used for controlling the lifting platform to slide along the roadway guide rail and can also be used for controlling the lifting platform to adjust the lifting height; the semicircular disc is vertically fixed on the lifting platform; the first motor is arranged on the semicircular disc, and the output end of the first motor is provided with a drill rod; one end of the guide rod is connected with the first motor, the other end of the guide rod penetrates through the semicircular disc to be connected with an output shaft of a second motor, the second motor is fixed on the lifting table and used for driving the guide rod to rotate and driving the first motor to rotate relative to the semicircular disc;
the detection unit is used for monitoring the stress and deformation of the roadway surrounding rock and the supporting body and the development condition of cracks in the surrounding rock; the detection unit comprises a first detection unit, a second detection unit, an industrial high-speed camera and a signal collector;
the control unit is used for carrying out servo control on the hydraulic loading unit and the simulation drilling machine unit and collecting and processing monitoring data of the detection unit;
the test method comprises the following steps:
s1, designing an experimental scheme in advance, laying a coal and rock stratum similar material model in a similar material laying unit in a layered mode according to the experimental scheme, and using the coal and rock stratum similar material model to simulate the conditions of a working face and surrounding rock strata, embedding a detection unit I at a set position in the laying process, marking the position of a set working face extraction roadway, wherein the extraction roadway is located in a similar material simulation coal bed and is arranged on two sides of the set working face;
s2, removing part of baffles, controlling a hydraulic loading unit to apply vertical pressure and horizontal pressure to the coal and rock layer similar material model through a control unit, simulating a stress environment, and monitoring in real time by a detection unit;
s3, excavating a stoping roadway at the marked position, installing a simulation drilling machine unit after the excavation is finished, utilizing the simulation drilling machine unit to perform punching support on a roadway top plate and an entity coal side of the coal rock layer similar material model, drilling a hole on the working face side of the roadway and installing a detection unit II, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
s3.1, under the control of a control unit, moving the simulation drilling machine unit to the front side of the coal rock layer similar material model, and installing a drill rod with the required diameter on the output end of a first motor;
s3.2, moving the analog drilling machine unit to a specific position, controlling a second motor to drive a guide rod by a control unit so that a first motor rotates to a horizontal position, and then controlling a lifting platform to adjust the vertical height of the lifting platform;
s3.3, then, under the control of the control unit, the first motor drives the drill rod to drill a drill hole on the coal side of the roadway entity;
s3.4, the control unit continuously controls the lifting platform and the second motor to adjust the drilling angle and height of the first motor, and controls the first motor to continuously drill a certain number of drill holes on the coal side and the top plate of the roadway;
s3.5, mounting an anchor rod/cable in the drilled drill hole to support a roadway top plate and the solid coal side, and then mounting a detection unit II;
s3.6, controlling the lifting platform to move to the front side of the coal rock layer similar material model, replacing a drill rod with another diameter according to the design of an experimental scheme, then moving the drill rod to a specified position, adjusting the angle of the first motor under the control of the control unit, and then controlling the first motor to drill a certain number of advanced pre-splitting drill holes on the working face side of the roadway;
s4, removing the simulation drilling machine unit, monitoring the detection unit II in real time, gradually excavating the coal bed on the working face according to the circulating footage designed by the experimental scheme, installing the simulation drilling machine unit again after each circulating footage is finished, and drilling the advanced pre-splitting drilled hole required by the next stage by using the simulation drilling machine unit;
s5, observing the caving condition of a top plate of the goaf, the stress strain condition of surrounding rocks of the roadway, the stress condition of an anchor rod/cable and the surface displacement of rock strata around the roadway in the excavation process, and storing monitoring data; drawing a stress-strain curve, an acoustic emission result graph and a digital speckle result graph of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the roof cutting process through monitoring data;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S5, drilling advanced pre-splitting drill holes with different diameters, angles and depths on the working face side, repeating a plurality of groups of tests, analyzing stress-strain curves obtained by all the test groups and the working face top plate collapse condition, and combining the stress-strain curves and the working face top plate collapse condition to select an optimal scheme, namely an optimal top cutting parameter.
2. The method for testing a face roadside roof-cutting entry similar materials simulation test system of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic loading unit comprises:
the upper pressing plate is arranged at the top of the coal rock layer similar material model;
the left pressing plate and the right pressing plate are respectively abutted against the left side and the right side of the coal rock layer similar material model;
the vertical loading oil cylinder is fixed between the top beam and the upper pressure plate;
the left loading oil cylinder is fixed between the left vertical frame and the left pressing plate;
the right loading oil cylinder is fixed between the right vertical frame and the right pressing plate;
the vertical loading oil cylinder, the left loading oil cylinder and the right loading oil cylinder are all connected with an oil tank, and the oil tank is further connected with the control unit.
3. The testing method of the working face roadside roof-cutting entry-retaining similar materials simulation testing system of claim 1, characterized by:
the first detection unit comprises: the pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the coal rock layer similar material model, the vertical loading oil cylinder, the left loading oil cylinder and the right loading oil cylinder; the acoustic emission probe is arranged inside the coal-rock-layer similar material model and is used for monitoring the internal fracture development condition of the coal-rock-layer similar material model; the strain sensor is arranged in the coal and rock layer similar material model and used for monitoring the strain changes of a roadway top plate of the coal and rock layer similar material model and the surrounding coal and rock layers; digital speckles are sprayed on the surface of the coal rock layer similar material model;
the second detection unit includes: the anchor rod/cable dynamometer is arranged on a supporting body of the coal rock layer similar material model, and the supporting body is an anchor rod or an anchor cable; the micro multi-point displacement meter is arranged on a roadway top plate and an entity coal side of the coal and rock layer similar material model and is used for monitoring the separation condition of the roadway top plate and the entity coal side; the industrial high-speed camera is arranged outside the similar material laying unit and monitors the surface displacement of the coal rock layer similar material model through a digital speckle layer; and one end of the signal collector is respectively connected with the anchor rod/cable dynamometer, the pressure sensor, the industrial high-speed camera, the acoustic emission probe, the strain sensor and the miniature multi-point displacement meter, and the other end of the signal collector is connected with the control unit.
4. The testing method of the face roadside-to-roof entry similar materials simulation test system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a servo controller and a computer connected to each other.
5. The testing method of the working face roadside roof-cut entry similar material simulation testing system of claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the coal-rock-layer similar material model is dried and then sprayed with a digital speckle layer.
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