CN111219236A - 柴油机尾气的后处理*** - Google Patents

柴油机尾气的后处理*** Download PDF

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CN111219236A
CN111219236A CN201811404556.1A CN201811404556A CN111219236A CN 111219236 A CN111219236 A CN 111219236A CN 201811404556 A CN201811404556 A CN 201811404556A CN 111219236 A CN111219236 A CN 111219236A
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汪利峰
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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Abstract

本发明涉及柴油发动机排放控制技术领域，公开了一种柴油机尾气的后处理***，包括发动机增压器出口依次连接柴油机颗粒捕集器，选择性还原催化剂单元和氨泄露催化剂单元，所述柴油机颗粒捕集器和选择性还原催化剂单元之间设置尿素溶液喷单元，所述柴油机颗粒捕集器中集成柴油氧化催化剂。本发明将DOC单元集成至CSF中，缩小了***体积，降低了***成本。

Description

柴油机尾气的后处理***
技术领域
本发明涉及柴油发动机排放控制技术领域，具体涉及的是一种柴油机尾气的后处理***。
背景技术
现行柴油机尾气排放法规要求，未充分燃烧带来的CO/HC，燃烧过程总生成的PM和NOx都需要利用后处理***来控制它们的排放。现有的常规办法是，利用柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)来控制CO/HC的排放和生成NO2来满足后续柴油机颗粒捕集器(CSF)的被动再生和选择性还原催化剂(SCR)的反应。或是燃烧燃油为CSF的主动再生提供足够的温度。壁流式带催化剂涂层的CSF来进行颗粒的处理和SCR来进行NOx的排放。在CSF的捕集的微粒物质(PM)再生中，一般可分为以NO2为氧化剂的被动再生和以O2为氧化剂的主动再生。如前述，DOC被用来生成NO2供CSF进行被动再生或是燃烧燃油为主动再生提供足够的温度。氨泄露催化剂(ASC)用来防止尿素过喷时所带来的NH3泄露。
参见附图1，常规的柴油机尾气的后处理***为从发动机增压器出口依次连接DOC单元、CSF、SCR单元和ASC单元，在CSF和SCR单元之间设置尿素溶液喷单元，ASC单元集成在SCR单元上。参见附图2，ASC单元也可以是单独的催化剂单元。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述问题，提供一种柴油机尾气的后处理***，将DOC单元集成至CSF中，缩小了***体积，降低了***成本。
本发明采取的技术方案是：
一种柴油机尾气的后处理***，其特征是，包括发动机增压器出口依次连接柴油机颗粒捕集器，选择性还原催化剂单元和氨泄露催化剂单元，所述柴油机颗粒捕集器和选择性还原催化剂单元之间设置尿素溶液喷单元，所述柴油机颗粒捕集器中集成柴油氧化催化剂。
进一步，在发动机增压器出口与柴油机颗粒捕集器之前安装柴油氧化催化剂金属载体，所述柴油氧化催化剂金属载体的体积小于发动机排量的0.4倍。
进一步，所述选择性还原催化剂单元的催化剂包括V-W-TiO2为主的V基催化剂。
进一步，所述选择性还原催化剂单元的催化剂包括沸石为主的Fe基和Cu基催化剂，所述沸石为Beta，FAU，MFI，ZSM5，CHA，SAPO，AEI，AFX结构中的一种或多种。
进一步，所述柴油机颗粒捕集器是由壁流式柴油机颗粒捕集载体上进行贵金属浆料涂敷形成，所述贵金属在每立方英尺的蜂窝载体中的含量为1-25g，贵金属为Pt，Pd中的任意一种或同时存在。
进一步，所述贵金属在每立方英尺的蜂窝载体中的含量为3-15g。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)将DOC单元的功能集成到CSF中，从而不需要单独的DOC单元，起到了缩小***体积，降低***成本的作用；
(2)在同等贵金属含量的条件下，本发明的***有着较低的***背压，较快的PM被动再生速度；
(3)本发明的***与现有的带有独立DOC单元的***，两者有着相似的NO氧化能力和出口NO2/NOx比例。
附图说明
附图1是现有技术中的ASC单元集成至SCR单元的处理***结构示意图；
附图2是现有技术中的ASC单元独立的处理***结构示意图；
附图3是本发明中的ASC单元集成至SCR单元的处理***结构示意图；
附图4是本发明中的ASC单元独立的处理***结构示意图；
附图5是在附图3的基础上增加DOC金属载体的示意图；
附图6是在附图4的基础上增加DOC金属载体的示意图；
附图7是对比试验***的布置和测点位置示意图；
附图8是***背压和PM被动再生时***的背压变化结果图；
附图9是***背压和PM被动再生时***出口的NO2/NOx结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明柴油机尾气的后处理***的具体实施方式作详细说明。
参见附图3，柴油机尾气的后处理***包括发动机增压器出口依次连接柴油机颗粒捕集器(CSF)，选择性还原催化剂单元(SCR单元)和氨泄露催化剂单元(ASC单元)，CSF和SCR单元之间设置尿素溶液喷单元，CSF中集成柴油氧化催化剂单元(DOC单元)，简单表示为CSF+SCR+ASC。这里的ASC单元是集成在SCR单元中的，SCR单元分为两部分，一部分单独布置，一部分集成ASC单元。
参见附图4，ASC单元也可以是独立的催化剂单元，设置在两个SCR单元之后。
参见附图5，在发动机增压器出口之后，CSF之前加一个金属载体的DOC，用来处理尾气排放中的长链碳氢化合物。其体积小于发动机排量的0.5倍。其它单元与附图3相同。
参见附图6，与附图5类似，ASC单元也可以是独立的催化剂单元，设置在两个SCR单元之后。
***中的SCR催化剂包括但不限于以V-W-TiO2为主的V-SCR，沸石为主的Fe基和Cu基SCR，其中沸石包括但不限于Beta，FAU，MFI，ZSM5，CHA，SAPO，AEI，AFX结构。
下面通过实验数据对比现有技术中的DOC+CSF的组合和本发明中的单CSF的实验结果，对本发明的技术效果进行说明。
实验样品：在康宁的10.5×8(直径×长度，单位：英寸)，200/12(目数/壁厚)的空白DPF载体上进行Pt/Al2O3催化剂浆料的涂敷，其中贵金属的总含量为3.02g。涂敷完成后，经过500℃-1小时煅烧。贵金属的总含量在DPF载体上每立方英尺的体积内含有1-25g，优选3-15g。
对比样：DOC为康宁10.5×4(直径×长度，单位：英寸)，400/4(目数/壁厚)的载体，负载Pt/Al2O3催化剂浆料，其贵金属的含量为1.89g。CSF为康宁10.5×8(直径×长度，单位：英寸)，200/12(目数/壁厚)的载体，上面涂敷Pt/Al2O3催化剂浆料，贵金属含量为1.13g。***总贵金属为3.02g。涂敷完成后，经过500℃-1小时煅烧。
老化条件：煅烧后的催化剂在550℃的马弗炉中老化200小时。
台架测试：实验样品为单CSF，对比样品为DOC+CSF的组合，两套***的贵金属总量均为为3.02g。
参见附图7，利用13L的国五发动机进行碳加载，测试***的积碳背压，被动再生速度和NO氧化能力的测试。
实验步骤如下：
1)在***上加载4g/L的PM(基于CSF体积)，然后以固定的发动机路谱进行循环测试，观测***背压的变化，如果***背压持续下降，并最终稳定，则表明***有较好的PM被动再生能力。其中到达稳定被压所需的循环次数则表明了PM被动再生的速度。较少的循环次数意味着较快的被动再生速度。
2)同时在进行发动机路谱循环测试的同时，利用Horiba MEXA 7500进行***进出口的NO/NOx浓度测试，用以计算***出口的NO2/NOx比率。NO2/NOx的比越高则意味着***的NO氧化能力越高。
实验结果：
参见附图8，为***背压和PM被动再生时***的背压变化结果。在测试起始时，CSF***比DOC+CSF有较小的背压，约低0.5KPa。结果表明，CSF***由于比DOC+CSF***少了DOC部分，从而得到了较小的***背压。
CSF***在经过了3个路谱循环后，背压稳定到2.0KPa，DOC+CSF***经过5-6个循环后到达稳定的***背压2.2KPa。结果证明新的CSF***比DOC+CSF***有着更优越的PM被动再生能力。
参见附图9，为***出口的NO2/NOx结果。新的CSF***和老的DOC+CSF***有着相似的***出口NO2，该结果表明两个***有着相似的NO氧化能力，这也给***的SCR转化效率带来了保证。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种柴油机尾气的后处理***，其特征在于：包括发动机增压器出口依次连接柴油机颗粒捕集器，选择性还原催化剂单元和氨泄露催化剂单元，所述柴油机颗粒捕集器和选择性还原催化剂单元之间设置尿素溶液喷单元，所述柴油机颗粒捕集器中集成柴油氧化催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柴油机尾气的后处理***，其特征在于：在发动机增压器出口与柴油机颗粒捕集器之前安装柴油氧化催化剂金属载体，所述柴油氧化催化剂金属载体的体积小于发动机排量的0.4倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柴油机尾气的后处理***，其特征在于：所述选择性还原催化剂单元的催化剂包括V-W-TiO2为主的V基催化剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柴油机尾气的后处理***，其特征在于：所述选择性还原催化剂单元的催化剂包括沸石为主的Fe基和Cu基催化剂，所述沸石为Beta，FAU，MFI，ZSM5，CHA，SAPO，AEI，AFX结构中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的柴油机尾气的后处理***，其特征在于：所述柴油机颗粒捕集器是由壁流式柴油机颗粒捕集载体上进行贵金属浆料涂敷形成，所述贵金属在每立方英尺的载体中的含量为1-25g，贵金属为Pt，Pd中的任意一种或同时存在。
6.根据权利要求5所述的柴油机尾气的后处理***，其特征在于：所述贵金属在每立方英尺的载体中的含量为3-15g。
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CN107949436A (zh) * 2015-09-04 2018-04-20 巴斯夫欧洲公司 集成的scr和氨氧化催化剂体系
CN108150250A (zh) * 2018-01-04 2018-06-12 中国第汽车股份有限公司 一种集成式后处理设备
CN209569054U (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-11-01 汪利峰 柴油机尾气的后处理***

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN112675901A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-20 惠州市瑞合环保科技有限公司 用于柴油机尾气处理的scr催化剂及其制备方法和应用
CN114592958A (zh) * 2021-02-09 2022-06-07 长城汽车股份有限公司 燃油发动机尾气后处理***及方法

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