CN111217647A - Silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111217647A CN111217647A CN201811326844.XA CN201811326844A CN111217647A CN 111217647 A CN111217647 A CN 111217647A CN 201811326844 A CN201811326844 A CN 201811326844A CN 111217647 A CN111217647 A CN 111217647A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention provides a silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer and a preparation method and an application method thereof. Specifically, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer comprises: 20-40 parts of biomass carbon, 30-45 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of nitrogen fertilizer and 10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer. The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer disclosed by the invention can be used for synergistically and remarkably improving the yield and quality of fruits and simultaneously improving the physical and chemical properties of soil. In addition, the invention provides a feasible and effective disposal mode for comprehensive ecological recycling of the agricultural industrial wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer and a preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
At present, most of the modern agricultural production habit laws around the world rely on a large amount of chemical fertilizers. Although fertilizers have been shown to greatly increase the yield per acre of crop, the effect is only short-term, and long-term repeated application of fertilizers results in increased costs and accelerated soil degradation. For example, after three to five years of intensive use of chemicals, the natural fertility of the soil decreases significantly with continuous annual application of chemicals.
The organic fertilizer has been applied in agriculture for many years, particularly in rural areas, has a large amount of various animal and plant wastes which can be accumulated and fermented on site and applied on site, and has wide sources, economy and a great variety. Plant straws, human and animal excreta or specially planted crops such as green manure, river mud, bone meal, plant ash and the like are generally utilized in China.
The carbon-based fertilizer is a novel ecological environment-friendly fertilizer which takes biomass carbon as a matrix and is added with organic matters or inorganic matters according to different requirements of soil and crops. Researches show that the carbon-based fertilizer can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, promote the release of soil nutrients, reduce the loss of the soil nutrients and improve the utilization rate of crop fertilizers, and is a novel ecological environment-friendly fertilizer.
Although some organic fertilizers and carbon-based fertilizers have been developed in agriculture, these fertilizers have been unsatisfactory in terms of efficiency, cost, and the like. In addition, the prior agricultural fertilizers can not effectively realize the comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes and industrial silicon slag.
In conclusion, the invention urgently needs to develop a new agricultural fertilizer which can realize comprehensive ecological recycling of agricultural industrial wastes, remarkably promote crop growth and effectively improve soil physicochemical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an agricultural fertilizer which can realize comprehensive ecological recycling of agricultural industrial wastes, remarkably promote crop growth and effectively improve soil physicochemical properties.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method and an application method of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer.
In a first aspect of the invention, a biochar-based fertilizer containing silicon is provided, which comprises:
20-40 parts of biomass charcoal; 30-45 parts of organic fertilizer; 5-15 parts of nitrogen fertilizer; and 10-20 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer.
In another preferred embodiment, the total weight of the biomass charcoal, the organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the silicon fertilizer is 70-100%, preferably 80-100%, more preferably 90-100% or 95-100% of the total weight of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer.
In another preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, or a combination thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea (nitrogen content is about 46 wt%).
In another preferred example, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer consists of the following components: 20-40 parts of biomass charcoal; 30-45 parts of organic fertilizer; 5-15 parts of nitrogen fertilizer; and 10-20 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer.
In another preferred embodiment, the biomass charcoal is 25 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 28 to 32 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer is 35-42 parts by weight, preferably 36-40 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is 10-15 parts by weight, preferably 10-12 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, the silicon fertilizer is 10-15 parts by weight, preferably 12-15 parts by weight.
In another preferred example, the silicon fertilizer is granular.
In another preferred embodiment, the average grain size of the silicon fertilizer is 50-200 meshes, preferably 80-120 meshes.
In another preferred embodiment, the biomass charcoal is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
(i) air-drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
(ii) and (e) pyrolyzing the crushed material obtained in the step (i) under the condition of oxygen limitation (namely oxygen limitation cracking), cooling (for example, naturally cooling to room temperature), and grinding to obtain the biomass charcoal.
In another preferred embodiment, in step (ii), after grinding, sieving (e.g., 30-300 mesh, preferably 50-200 mesh) is further performed, thereby producing biomass char.
In another preferred embodiment, the oxygen-limiting condition means that the oxygen content is less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 5%, and more preferably less than or equal to 2%.
In another preferred example, the agricultural and forestry waste is selected from the group consisting of: rice straw, rice hulls, tree stumps, and combinations thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the tree stumps are selected from: peach tree stumps, grapevine stumps, and combinations thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the pyrolysis has one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
1) the pyrolysis temperature is 300-600 ℃, preferably 500-600 ℃;
2) the pyrolysis time is 3-5h, preferably 3-4 h.
In another preferred embodiment, the total organic carbon content of the biomass char is from 40 wt% to 60 wt%, preferably from 50 wt% to 60 wt%, based on the weight of the biomass char.
In another preferred embodiment, the biomass charcoal has a particle size of 20-200 meshes, preferably 80-120 meshes.
In another preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer is selected from:
compost, biogas manure, green manure, cake manure, or combinations thereof.
In another preferred example, the organic fertilizer is obtained by composting livestock manure and crop straws.
In another preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer has one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
1) the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 35 wt%, preferably more than or equal to 40 wt%;
2) the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 1 wt%;
wherein, the percentages are based on the weight of the organic fertilizer.
In another preferred embodiment, the silicon fertilizer is prepared by the following method, comprising the following steps:
(i) grinding industrial silicon slag, sieving, and soaking in NaOH aqueous solution;
(ii) washing with distilled water, and drying to obtain the silicon fertilizer.
In another preferred example, the industrial silicon slag is selected from the following group: metallurgical silicon slag, blast furnace water-quenched slag, power plant fly ash, glass waste slag, and combinations thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the industrial silicon slag is selected from the following group: metallurgical silicon slag, blast furnace water-quenched slag, or a combination thereof.
In another preferred example, in step (i), the industrial silicon slag is ground and sieved to 50-200 meshes, preferably 80-120 meshes.
In another preferred embodiment, the total silicon content of the industrial silicon slag is more than 25 wt%, preferably more than 30 wt%, based on the weight of the industrial silicon slag.
In another preferred embodiment, the concentration of the aqueous NaOH solution is 2 to 10mol/L, preferably 4 to 8mol/L, and more preferably 5 to 6 mol/L.
In another preferred embodiment, the soaking time is 3-6h, preferably 4-5 h.
In another preferable example, the pH value of the silicon fertilizer is 7.5-8.5.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the steps of:
(i) providing biomass charcoal, organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and silicon fertilizer;
(ii) mixing the biomass carbon, the organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the silicon fertilizer to form the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of the first aspect of the invention.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for applying the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the steps of:
(i) applying the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer to soil; and
(ii) ploughing the surface layer of the fertilizing soil by 0-20cm (preferably 2-20cm), and fully mixing the silicon-containing biochar base fertilizer with the soil.
In another preferred embodiment, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer is applied at a rate of 100-1000 kg/ha, preferably 200-1000 kg/ha, more preferably 500-800kg/hm2Optimally 500-600kg/hm2。
It is to be understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-described features of the present invention and those specifically described below (e.g., in the examples) may be combined with each other to form new or preferred embodiments. Not to be reiterated herein, but to the extent of space.
Detailed Description
The inventor of the invention has long and intensive research and unexpectedly found that the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer is obtained by mixing specific biomass charcoal, specific organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea) and specific silicon fertilizer in a proper proportion. Experiments show that after the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer is applied to crops or forestry plants, the growth of the plants can be synergistically and more remarkably promoted, so that the yield and the quality of fruits are improved. In addition, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer disclosed by the invention can also unexpectedly and effectively improve the physicochemical property of soil, and especially can obviously improve the organic matter content of the soil. On this basis, the inventors have completed the present invention.
Term(s) for
As used herein, the terms "silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of the invention", "fertilizer of the invention" and the like are used interchangeably to refer to the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer described in the first aspect of the invention.
Biomass charcoal
Biomass charcoal is a carbon-rich solid substance produced by thermally cracking biomass under oxygen-limited or oxygen-free conditions.
Typically, the biomass char useful in the present invention may be prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
(i) air-drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
(ii) and (i) pyrolyzing the crushed material obtained in the step (i) under the condition of limited oxygen, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving to obtain the biomass charcoal.
In another preferred example, the agricultural and forestry waste is selected from the group consisting of: rice straw, rice hulls, tree stumps, and combinations thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the tree stumps are selected from: peach tree stumps, grapevine stumps, and combinations thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the pyrolysis has one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
1) the pyrolysis temperature is 300-600 ℃, preferably 500-600 ℃;
2) the pyrolysis time is 3-5h, preferably 3-4 h.
In another preferred embodiment, the total organic carbon content of the biomass char is from 40 wt% to 60 wt%, preferably from 50 wt% to 60 wt%, based on the weight of the biomass char.
In another preferred embodiment, the biomass charcoal has a particle size of 20-200 meshes, preferably 80-120 meshes.
Organic fertilizer
In the present invention, various organic fertilizers which are conventional in the art, which are commercially available or prepared by conventional methods, may be used.
The organic fertilizer is mainly from plants and/or animals, is prepared by processing biological substances, animal and plant wastes and plant residues, eliminates toxic and harmful substances in the organic fertilizer, is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, and is applied to soil to provide plant nutrition as a carbon-containing material with main functions.
In another preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer is selected from: compost, biogas manure, green manure, cake manure, or combinations thereof.
In another preferred example, the organic fertilizer is obtained by composting livestock manure and crop straws.
In another preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer has one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
1) the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 35 wt%, preferably more than or equal to 40 wt%;
2) the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 1 wt%;
wherein, the percentages are based on the weight of the organic fertilizer.
Nitrogen fertilizer
In the present invention, various nitrogen fertilizers conventional in the art may be used, and these nitrogen fertilizers may be commercially available or prepared by conventional methods. Representative examples include (but are not limited to): urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, or a combination thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea (nitrogen content is about 46 wt%).
Silicon fertilizer
The silicon fertilizer is prepared from silicon oxide (SiO)2) And calcium oxideThe (CaO) -based, slightly alkaline and citrate-soluble medium element mineral fertilizer.
Silicon is an important nutrient element necessary for plant growth. The silicon can effectively promote the root system development of crops, improve the lodging resistance, disease and pest resistance, cold and drought resistance of the crops, and simultaneously can adjust the absorption and utilization of the crops on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements, thereby having very important adjusting function in the growth process of the crops. In the invention, the silicon fertilizer can not only improve the yield and quality of crops, but also has good improvement effect on degraded soil.
In the invention, the silicon-containing biochar base fertilizer added with the silicon fertilizer is unexpectedly more beneficial to improving the organic matter content of soil under the condition that the organic matter content in the fertilizer is relatively reduced.
The silicon fertilizer is prepared by the following method, comprising the following steps:
(i) grinding industrial silicon slag, sieving, and soaking in NaOH aqueous solution;
(ii) washing with distilled water, and drying to obtain the silicon fertilizer.
In another preferred example, the industrial silicon slag is selected from the following group: metallurgical silicon slag, blast furnace water-quenched slag, power plant fly ash, glass waste slag, and combinations thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the industrial silicon slag is selected from the following group: metallurgical silicon slag, blast furnace water-quenched slag, or a combination thereof.
In another preferred example, in step (i), the industrial silicon slag is ground and sieved to 50-200 meshes, preferably 80-120 meshes.
In another preferred embodiment, the total silicon content of the industrial silicon slag is more than 25 wt%, preferably more than 30 wt%, based on the weight of the industrial silicon slag.
In another preferred embodiment, the concentration of the aqueous NaOH solution is 2 to 10mol/L, preferably 4 to 8mol/L, and more preferably 5 to 6 mol/L.
In another preferred embodiment, the soaking time is 3-6h, preferably 4-5 h.
In another preferable example, the pH value of the silicon fertilizer is 7.5-8.5.
In another preferred example, the silicon fertilizer is granular.
In another preferred embodiment, the average grain size of the silicon fertilizer is 50-200 meshes, preferably 80-120 meshes.
Silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer
The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer comprises: 20-40 parts of biomass charcoal; 30-45 parts of organic fertilizer; 5-15 parts of nitrogen fertilizer; and 10-20 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer.
In another preferred embodiment, the total weight of the biomass charcoal, the organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the silicon fertilizer is 70-100%, preferably 80-100%, more preferably 90-100% or 95-100% of the total weight of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer.
In another preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, or a combination thereof.
In another preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea (nitrogen content is about 46 wt%).
In another preferred example, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer consists of the following components: 20-40 parts of biomass charcoal; 30-45 parts of organic fertilizer; 5-15 parts of nitrogen fertilizer; and 10-20 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer.
In another preferred embodiment, the biomass charcoal is 25 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 28 to 32 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, the organic fertilizer is 35-42 parts by weight, preferably 36-40 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, the nitrogen fertilizer is 10-15 parts by weight, preferably 10-12 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, the silicon fertilizer is 10-15 parts by weight, preferably 12-15 parts by weight.
Other additives
In the present invention, one or more other ingredients may be optionally added in addition to the above-described main ingredients in order to provide one or more additional properties as desired.
Generally, in the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of the present invention, the total content of the additional additives is generally 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight.
In the present invention, examples of additives that may be additionally added include (but are not limited to): phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, trace elements, soil conditioner, water-retaining agent, or a combination thereof.
Representative phosphate fertilizers include (but are not limited to): monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, monopotassium phosphate, or combinations thereof;
representative potassium fertilizers include (but are not limited to): potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, potassium nitrate, or combinations thereof.
Representative trace elements include (but are not limited to): calcium, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum, copper, iron, silicon, boron, all in the form of their soluble compounds.
Preparation method of silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer
The invention also provides a preparation method of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(i) providing biomass charcoal, organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and silicon fertilizer;
(ii) mixing the biomass carbon, the organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the silicon fertilizer to form the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of the first aspect of the invention.
In the present invention, the mixing may be carried out by a conventional apparatus such as a dry blender or the like.
Application method of silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer
The invention also provides application of the silicon-containing biochar base fertilizer. Typically, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of the invention can be applied to the surface of and/or into the soil to promote the growth of plants (including agricultural crops, forestry crops, flowers, and the like).
Typically, in a preferred embodiment, the method of application, comprises the steps of:
(i) the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion of 200-1000kg/hm2Applying the fertilizer into soil;
(ii) and (3) ploughing 0-20cm of the surface layer of the fertilizing soil to fully mix the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer with the soil.
In another preferred embodiment, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizerThe application amount of the composition is 500-800kg/hm2Preferably 500-600kg/hm2。
The main advantages of the invention include:
(a) compared with the traditional biochar-based fertilizer, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer disclosed by the invention realizes comprehensive ecological recycling of agricultural and forestry wastes and industrial silicon slag, and greatly reduces the treatment cost of agricultural and industrial wastes.
(b) Compared with the traditional biochar-based fertilizer, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer disclosed by the invention is rich in the nutrient element silicon, and can be used for further improving the yield and quality of crops and improving the stress resistance of the crops.
(c) Improve the physical and chemical properties of soil.
(d) The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer disclosed by the invention is simple and safe in preparation method, low in cost and suitable for large-area popularization.
In conclusion, the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer disclosed by the invention can be used for synergistically and remarkably improving the yield and quality of crops or forestry plants and simultaneously improving the physical and chemical properties of soil. In addition, the invention provides a feasible and effective disposal mode for comprehensive ecological recycling of the agricultural industrial wastes.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures, for which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally carried out under conventional conditions, or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise indicated, percentages and parts are percentages and parts by weight.
Material
Organic fertilizer:
"Shanghai farming fertilizer Standard character 0315" (a widely used organic fertilizer in Shanghai city) is purchased from Shanghai Hui Xiao organic fertilizer Co., Ltd.
Example 1
Silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer No.1
The preparation method of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing biomass charcoal: air-drying and crushing rice straws and peach tree residual branches, pyrolyzing the crushed materials for 3.5 hours at 550 ℃ under the condition of oxygen limitation, cooling, grinding and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve;
(2) preparing a silicon fertilizer: grinding metallurgical silicon slag (the total silicon content is more than 30wt percent), sieving the metallurgical silicon slag with a 100-mesh sieve, soaking the metallurgical silicon slag in a 5mol/L NaOH solution for 5 hours for activation, and then washing the metallurgical silicon slag with distilled water and drying the metallurgical silicon slag to obtain a silicon fertilizer;
(3) the preparation method of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps of: 30 parts of biomass carbon, 36 parts of organic fertilizer (purchased from Shanghai Hexiao organic fertilizer Co., Ltd.), 10 parts of urea and 12 parts of silicon fertilizer are fully mixed to prepare the silicon-containing biomass carbon-based fertilizer No. 1.
In addition, a biochar-based fertilizer was prepared for study and comparison. The weight portion of the material is as follows: 30 parts of biomass carbon, 36 parts of organic fertilizer (purchased from Shanghai Hexiao organic fertilizer Co., Ltd.) and 10 parts of urea are fully mixed to prepare the biomass carbon-based fertilizer No. C1.
Example 2
The application method of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is applied to vineyard soil according to 500 kg/hectare, grape varieties are Kyoho, and the tree age is 10 years;
(2) ploughing 0-20cm of the surface layer of the soil after fertilization to fully mix the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer with the soil;
(3) measuring the yield, quality and soil organic matter content of the grapes after harvesting the grapes in the season; the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The application method was the same as in example 2 (application rate 500 kg/ha), except that the applied fertilizer was only organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The same application method as in example 2 (application rate 500 kg/ha) was used, except that the applied fertilizer was a biochar-based fertilizer C1; the difference between the composition of the biochar-based fertilizer and the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer No.1 prepared in example 1 is that no silicon fertilizer is added.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the yields per mu of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer are respectively increased by 15.13% and 7.36% compared with the yields per mu of the organic fertilizer and the biochar-based fertilizer.
Compared with the application of organic fertilizers, the application of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer has the advantages that the vitamin C and soluble solid content of grape fruits are respectively increased by 24.26 percent and 6.18 percent, and the difference with the application of the biochar-based fertilizer is not obvious.
Compared with the application of organic fertilizer and biochar-based fertilizer, the application of silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer increases the organic matter content of soil by 14.87% and 11.44%, respectively. Unexpectedly, in the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer No.1, although the relative content of organic matters is lower than that of the biochar-based fertilizer No. C1 and the organic fertilizer, the organic matter content of the soil can be effectively increased, which indicates that the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer can synergistically improve the organic matter content of the soil.
Example 3
The application method of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
(1) 500kg/hm of silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer prepared in example 12Applying to the soil of a vineyard, wherein the variety of the grape is Zuijinxiang and the tree age is 8 years;
(2) ploughing 0-20cm of the surface layer of the soil after fertilization to fully mix the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer with the soil;
(3) measuring the yield, quality and soil organic matter content of the grapes after harvesting the grapes in the season; the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
The application method was the same as in example 3 (application rate 500 kg/ha), except that the applied fertilizer was only organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
The same application method as in example 3 (application rate 500 kg/ha) was used, except that the applied fertilizer was biochar-based fertilizer No. c 1; the difference between the composition of the biochar-based fertilizer and the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer No.1 prepared in example 1 is that no silicon fertilizer is added.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the yield of grapes per mu is increased by 22.99% and 3.28% respectively when the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer is applied compared with the organic fertilizer and the biochar-based fertilizer.
Compared with the application of organic fertilizer, the application of silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer increases the vitamin C and soluble solid content of grape fruits by 29.97% and 11.51% respectively.
Compared with the application of organic fertilizer, the content of organic matters in the soil is improved by 13.54 percent after the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer is applied. Unexpectedly, in the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer N0.1, although the relative content of organic matters is lower than that of biochar-based fertilizer No. C1 and organic fertilizer, the organic matters of the soil can be effectively improved, which indicates that the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer can synergistically improve the organic matter content of the soil.
Example 4
The application method of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
(1) 600kg/hm of silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer prepared in example 12Applying the peach trees into the soil of a peach garden, wherein the peach trees are golden yellow peaches, and the tree ages are 8 years;
(2) ploughing 0-20cm of the surface layer of the soil after fertilization to fully mix the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer with the soil;
(3) measuring yield, quality and soil organic matter content of yellow peaches after harvesting the yellow peaches in the season; the results are shown in Table 3.
Comparative example 5
The application method was the same as in example 4 (application rate 600 kg/ha), except that the applied fertilizer was only organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 6
The same application method as in example 4 (application rate 600 kg/ha) was used, except that the applied fertilizer was biochar-based fertilizer No. c 1; the difference between the composition of the biochar-based fertilizer and the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer No.1 prepared in example 1 is that no silicon fertilizer is added.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, when the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer is applied, compared with the organic fertilizer, the weight of the single yellow peach fruit, the content of vitamin C and the content of soluble solids are respectively increased by 6.94%, 14.90% and 15.85%.
Compared with the application of the organic fertilizer, the organic matter content is improved by 8.09 percent after the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer soil is applied. Unexpectedly, in the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer N0.1, although the relative content of organic matters is lower than that of biochar-based fertilizer No. C1 and organic fertilizer, the organic matters of the soil can be effectively improved, which indicates that the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer can synergistically improve the organic matter content of the soil.
In summary, as can be seen from tables 1 to 3, when the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of the present invention is applied, the content of organic matters added to the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer is lower than that of organic fertilizers and biochar-based fertilizers with equal weights due to the addition of the silicon fertilizer, but the soil organic matters are higher after the application of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer, which indicates that the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of the present invention can effectively improve the soil organic matters, maintain the soil fertility, and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
Example 5
The same as example 1 except that the amount of the biomass char was 25 parts by weight.
Example 6
The same as example 1 except that the amount of the biomass char was 35 parts by weight.
Example 7
Example 1 is essentially the same except that 40 parts by weight of organic fertilizer is used.
Example 8
The same as example 1 except that the silicon fertilizer was 15 parts by weight.
Example 9
The same as example 1 except that the nitrogen fertilizer was 10 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate.
Example 10
The same as example 1 except that the biomass char was produced under the conditions of 600 ℃ of pyrolysis temperature and 3 hours of pyrolysis time.
Example 11
The same as example 1 except that the biomass char was produced under the conditions of 300 ℃ for a pyrolysis temperature and 4 hours for a pyrolysis time.
Example 12
The same as example 1 except that the agricultural and forestry waste is grapevine stump in the preparation condition of the biomass charcoal.
Example 13
The preparation method is basically the same as the example 1, except that the preparation condition of the silicon fertilizer is that the NaOH concentration is 6mol/L and the soaking time is 4 h.
Examples 14 to 22
The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizers prepared in examples 5-13 were applied respectively by the same application method as in example 2.
The results show that the yield per mu of the grape fruits is increased by about 5-25 percent, the content of the vitamin C is increased by about 10-30 percent, the soluble solid content is increased by about 6-18 percent, and the soil organic matter is increased by about 8-15 percent compared with the organic fertilizer only.
All documents referred to herein are incorporated by reference into this application as if each were individually incorporated by reference. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above teachings of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising:
20-40 parts of biomass charcoal;
30-45 parts of organic fertilizer;
5-15 parts of nitrogen fertilizer; and
10-20 parts of silicon fertilizer.
2. The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
(i) air-drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
(ii) and (i) pyrolyzing the crushed material obtained in the step (i) under the condition of oxygen limitation, cooling and grinding to obtain the biomass charcoal.
3. The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of claim 2, wherein said pyrolysis has one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
1) the pyrolysis temperature is 300-600 ℃, preferably 500-600 ℃;
2) the pyrolysis time is 3-5h, preferably 3-4 h.
4. The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of: compost, biogas manure, green manure, cake manure, or combinations thereof.
5. The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer has one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of:
1) the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 35 wt%, preferably more than or equal to 40 wt%;
2) the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 1 wt%;
wherein, the percentages are based on the weight of the organic fertilizer.
6. The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silicon fertilizer is prepared by the following method comprising the steps of:
(i) grinding industrial silicon slag, sieving, and soaking in NaOH aqueous solution;
(ii) washing with distilled water, and drying to obtain the silicon fertilizer.
7. The silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the industrial silicon slag is selected from the group consisting of: metallurgical silicon slag, blast furnace water-quenched slag, power plant fly ash, glass waste slag, and combinations thereof.
8. Silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that the total silicon content of the industrial silicon slag is more than 25 wt%, preferably more than 30 wt%, based on the weight of the industrial silicon slag.
9. The preparation method of the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(i) providing biomass charcoal, organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and silicon fertilizer;
(ii) mixing biomass charcoal, organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and silicon fertilizer to form the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer of claim 1.
10. A method of applying a silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(i) applying the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer to soil; and
(ii) and (3) ploughing 0-20cm of the surface layer of the fertilizing soil to fully mix the silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer with the soil.
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