CN111213464A

CN111213464A - Corn straw three-ring crop covering and returning method

Info

Publication number: CN111213464A
Application number: CN201811413875.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王利斌; 于猛; 张维安; 王天慧; 董永鹭; 段小惠; 由莉莉
Original assignee: Changchun Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Changchun Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-26
Filing date: 2018-11-26
Publication date: 2020-06-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for returning corn stalks to fields by three-ring crop coverage, belonging to the field of agriculture. The method comprises the steps of 1 straw treatment, 2 straw row grouping, 3 no-tillage seeding and 4 seedling stage deep scarification, wherein cultivation and planting are alternately carried out according to a mode of planting row cultivation for 2 years and leisure for 1 year, and the cultivation and the leisure are alternately carried out, so that the water and fertilizer resources of cultivated land are more reasonably utilized, and the organic matter of the soil is more uniformly increased. The invention effectively solves the contradiction between straw total returning and seeding, has obvious soil moisture conservation operation for spring in the north and ensures the seeding effect and the emergence rate. The total amount of straw returned to the field increases soil organic matters, and a long-acting black land protection mode is established.

Description

Corn straw three-ring crop covering and returning method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a corn straw three-year-round-crop covering and returning method.

Background

At present, the corn planting generally adopts a straw burning treatment mode, so that the environment is seriously polluted, soil hardening and microorganism content reduction are caused, and a large amount of agricultural crop resources are not fully utilized.

In recent years, protective farming technology is popularized, a no-tillage seeder is used for seeding, burning of corn straws is reduced, but the straw coverage is more than one third, farming problems are brought to mechanical no-tillage seeding, seeding quality is difficult to guarantee, straw off-field treatment is carried out in straw packing and other modes, the problems that operation cost is high, a packer and the like seriously compact soil, farmer acceptance is low and the like exist, and a farming method capable of solving the problems is urgently needed in actual corn production.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a corn straw three-year-round-rotation mulching and returning method, which solves the contradiction between corn straw returning and burning, can ensure that a seeding seedbed is clean under the condition of returning all the corn straw to the field, ensures that the subsequent no-tillage seeding can keep higher emergence rate, overcomes the defects of the existing farming method, constructs an ecologically favorable farming system and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture.

In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention takes three years as a cycle period, and takes the straw treatment after autumn harvest as the beginning of a new planting year: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, straw treatment: all the straws are smashed into 10-15 cm and are uniformly thrown on the surface of the cultivated land.

Step 2, straw classification: in autumn, the straw is cleaned and collected to form straw belts of 70-90 cm, cleaning belts of 90-110 cm are formed between the straw belts, and the straw belts and the cleaning belts are mutually spaced to finish the straw treatment operation of the whole land.

Step 3, no-tillage seeding: in spring of the next year, no-tillage seeding is carried out on the clean belts after the no-tillage seeding machine is arranged, double-row seedling belts with the spacing of 65 cm are adopted, close planting is needed, 6.5 thousands of seedlings are sown in hectare, 6 thousands of seedlings are protected, and the purposes of seedling protection and yield protection are achieved.

Step 4, deep loosening at the seedling stage: deep scarification is carried out at the early 6 months or at the height of 25-30 cm, the depth is 25-30 cm, deep fertilization is carried out while deep scarification is carried out, the deep scarification positions are different in 3 years, the land can be completely and deeply scarified once, and the problem of soil density increase after no-tillage is solved.

The second year and the third year are carried out according to the first year step 1, step 2, step 3 and step 4, the difference is that the straw cover belt is to change the position, and the mode according to planting row cultivation 2 years, 1 year of leisure is gone on in turn, and planting and breeding combine, and the leisure in turn makes the water, fertile resource utilization in soil more reasonable for soil organic matter increases more evenly.

In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

protecting environment and soil. The straw full-amount returning coverage avoids the pollution of straw burning to the environment, meanwhile, the straw rotting can increase soil organic matters, gradually reduce the input amount of chemical fertilizers, slow down soil hardening, and improve the soil permeability and tiltability.

Drought resistance, soil moisture conservation and seedling conservation. The full-amount corn straw row-collecting covering no-tillage technology realizes non-soil preparation and direct no-tillage seeding, the soil moisture content is better than that of the traditional tillage, and the no-tillage seeding is returned to a clean belt for cleaning rows, so that the excellent emergence rate can be ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of straw mulching and returning by three-annual ring crop, wherein 1, corn plants, 2, a first-year straw returning belt, 3, a second-year straw returning belt, 4, a third-year straw returning belt, and 5, seedling-stage subsoiling

The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:

the implementation steps in the first year comprise:

step 1, straw treatment: the straw returning machine matched with the corn harvester is utilized to smash all straws by about 10-15 cm during harvesting, and the straws are uniformly thrown on the surface of cultivated land.

Step 2, straw classification: a straw row-sorting machine matched with a 50-60 horsepower tractor is utilized to clean and collect straws uniformly laid on the ground surface to form straw belts of 70-90 centimeters, clean belts of 90-110 centimeters are formed between the straw belts, and the straw belts and the clean belts are mutually spaced to finish the straw row-sorting treatment operation of the whole land parcel.

Step 3, no-tillage seeding: in spring of the next year, a tractor with 30-50 horsepower is adopted to pull a no-tillage seeding machine to sow, the seeding position is on the clean belt after row returning, double-row seedling belts with 65 cm intervals are adopted, close planting is needed, 6.5-7 ten thousand seeding per hectare and 6-6.5 ten thousand seedling protection are guaranteed.

Step 4, deep loosening at the seedling stage: in the early 6 months, a 60-70 horsepower tractor is adopted to hang a subsoiler in the seedling stage, the subsoiling depth is 25-30 centimeters in the middle of a 2-row seedling zone, the rainwater receiving capacity of soil is promoted, the ground temperature is increased, the growth in the seedling stage is promoted, and deep fertilization is carried out while subsoiling.

In 2015, 300 hectares are demonstrated in pear counties in Jilin province, mechanized straw full returning is realized, the operation mode is simple, the contradiction between large straw quantity and no-tillage seeding quality is solved, high-quality seeding and seedling emergence under the straw full returning are ensured, the combination of land planting and soil culture is realized, and a long-acting mechanism for constructing land protection is realized.

Claims

1. A method for returning corn stalks to fields by three-year rotation covering is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, straw treatment: smashing all straws by about 10-15 cm, and uniformly throwing the straws on the surface of the cultivated land; step 2, straw classification: in autumn, the straw is cleaned and collected to form straw belts of 70-90 cm, cleaning belts of 90-110 cm are formed between the straw belts, and the straw belts and the cleaning belts are mutually spaced to finish the straw treatment operation of the whole land; step 3, no-tillage seeding: in spring of the next year, no-tillage seeding is carried out on the clean belts after the row returning of the no-tillage seeding machine, double-row seedling belts with the distance of 65 cm are adopted, close planting is needed, and seeding per hectare is guaranteed to be 6.5 thousands and seedling protection is guaranteed to be 6 thousands; step 4, deep loosening at the seedling stage: and (3) deep loosening at the early 6 months or at the height of 25-30 cm, wherein the depth is 25-30 cm, deep fertilization is carried out while deep loosening is carried out, and the soil can be completely deep loosened once when the deep loosening positions are different in 3 years. The second year and the third year are carried out according to the first year step 1, step 2, step 3 and step 4, the difference is that the straw cover belt is to change the position, and the mode according to planting row cultivation 2 years, 1 year of leisure is gone on in turn, and planting and breeding combine, and the leisure in turn makes the water, fertile resource utilization in soil more reasonable for soil organic matter increases more evenly.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corn stalks are returned to the field in a three-year rotation mode, wherein the stalk zone is free every year, and other suitable crops can be interplanted.