CN111195740A - Method and apparatus for machining parts - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for machining parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN111195740A CN111195740A CN202010005910.4A CN202010005910A CN111195740A CN 111195740 A CN111195740 A CN 111195740A CN 202010005910 A CN202010005910 A CN 202010005910A CN 111195740 A CN111195740 A CN 111195740A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a part machining method and a part machining device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a monitoring signal in the part processing process; establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part; when the monitoring signal exceeds a threshold value, determining the surface machining position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal exceeding the threshold value according to the mapping relation; and optimizing the machining process at the surface machining position of the part according to the monitoring signal. According to the part processing method and device provided by the embodiment of the application, the mapping relation between the monitoring signal (usually time domain parameter) and the processing surface position of the part in the part processing process is established, so that the processing surface position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal to be optimized can be visually determined according to the mapping relation, and the processing process can be optimized more easily.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a method and a device for machining parts.
Background
The machining process, especially the milling process, is a complex and changeable process involving the coupling of multiple components such as machine tools, clamps, tools, workpieces, etc. For some parts, such as: the titanium alloy aircraft structural member shows strong time-varying property in the processing process due to the characteristics of thin wall, large size, complex shape and the like of the structure, and the time-varying property is represented as follows: the rigidity change of different processing positions of the workpiece is large, the abrasion of the cutter is fast, and the like. In addition, because of the many processing steps, different processing steps have different processing requirements, such as: for the rough machining process, the machining efficiency is pursued more, and for the finish machining process, the machining quality is pursued more, so the whole machining process of the part needs to be monitored and the machining process needs to be optimized by using the monitoring signal.
In order to improve the machining level of the part, various sensors are generally used to monitor the machining process of the part. Due to the fact that the various sensors collect various data, the data size is large, and visibility is poor, the problem that optimization of the machining process by utilizing monitoring signals is difficult exists in the machining process.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a part machining method and device, which are used for solving the problem that the machining process is difficult to optimize by utilizing monitoring signals in the machining process in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a part processing method, including:
acquiring a monitoring signal in the part processing process;
establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part;
when the monitoring signal exceeds a threshold value, determining the surface machining position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal exceeding the threshold value according to the mapping relation; and
and optimizing the machining process at the surface machining position of the part according to the monitoring signal.
According to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the establishing a mapping relationship between the monitoring signal and a surface machining position of the part includes:
obtaining the machine tool coordinates in the part machining process; and
and establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part according to the machine tool coordinate.
According to a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the establishing a mapping relationship between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part according to the machine coordinates includes:
and establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part according to the time corresponding relation between the machine tool coordinate and the monitoring signal, the corresponding relation between the machine tool coordinate and the machining configuration file in the part machining process and the corresponding relation between the machining configuration file and the surface machining position of the part.
According to a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the machining configuration file is a tool path source file.
According to the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the monitoring signal includes at least one of: a cutting force signal, a vibration signal, and a machine tool spindle power signal.
According to a fourth possible implementation form of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation form of the first aspect, the cutting force signal, the vibration signal, and the machine tool spindle power signal are sampled at a rate consistent with one another.
According to the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the part processing method further includes:
displaying a three-dimensional model of the part; and
and displaying a color point cloud picture of the monitoring signal.
According to the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the optimizing, according to the monitoring signal, the machining process at the surface machining position of the part includes:
and optimizing the cutting feed speed at the surface machining position of the part according to the monitoring signal.
According to a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the optimizing the cutting feed speed at the surface machining position of the part according to the monitoring signal includes:
adjusting the cutting feed rate as a percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold value.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a part machining apparatus, including:
a processor, and
a memory for storing program instructions readable by the processor;
when the processor executes the program instructions, the part machining method according to the first aspect and any one of the first to eighth possible implementation manners of the first aspect is performed.
According to the part processing method and device provided by the embodiment of the application, the mapping relation between the monitoring signal (usually time domain parameter) and the processing surface position of the part in the part processing process is established, so that the processing surface position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal to be optimized can be visually determined according to the mapping relation, and the processing process can be optimized more easily.
The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of machining a part according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of spatiotemporal mapping of monitoring signals to part processing locations according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cloud of monitoring signals according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a part and a cloud of monitoring signals according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method of machining a part according to another embodiment of the present application; and
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a part machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the embodiment of the present application, "and/or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, wherein A and B can be singular or plural.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a part processing method according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the part processing method includes the following steps 101 to 104.
Step 101: and acquiring a monitoring signal in the part machining process.
In one embodiment, the monitoring signal comprises at least one of: a cutting force signal, a vibration signal, and a machine tool spindle power signal.
Cutting force signals and vibration signals in the part machining process can be respectively obtained through the dynamometer and the accelerometer, and machine tool spindle power signals in the part machining process can be read through an internal data interface of the numerical control system.
In one embodiment, the cutting force signal and the vibration signal during the machining of the part can be obtained by, for example, a Kistler 9123C rotary load cell and an accelerometer, such as a Dytran 3225F1, attached to the surface of the part, respectively, while the spindle power signal of the machine tool during the machining of the part can be dynamically read by, for example, a Siemens 840D numerical control system internal data interface.
In one embodiment, the cutting force signal is coincident with the vibration signal and the machine tool spindle power signal at a sampling rate.
For a cutting force signal, a vibration signal and a spindle power signal in a part machining process, respective sampling rates of the cutting force signal, the vibration signal and the spindle power signal may be different, so that the number of collected signal points is different. The sampling rates of the signals can be unified by linear interpolation and sampling based on the sampling rate of one of the signals. For signals with a sampling rate higher than a reference, the signals can be acquired in a sampling mode; for signals with a sampling rate lower than the reference, signals can be acquired by adopting a linear interpolation mode, so that the sampling rates of all the signals are consistent, the number of the acquired signal points is ensured to be consistent, the acquired signals can be stored, and the storage space is saved.
Step 102: and establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part.
In one embodiment, step 102 may comprise: obtaining the machine tool coordinates in the part machining process; and establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part according to the machine tool coordinate.
In one embodiment, the coordinates of the machine tool during the part machining process can be read through the internal data interface of the numerical control system, for example, the coordinates of the machine tool during the part machining process can be dynamically read through the internal data interface of the Siemens 840D numerical control system.
In one embodiment, the mapping the monitoring signal to the surface machining position of the part according to the machine coordinates may include:
and establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part according to the time corresponding relation between the machine tool coordinate and the monitoring signal, the corresponding relation between the machine tool coordinate and the machining configuration file in the part machining process, and the corresponding relation between the machining configuration file and the surface machining position of the part, wherein the machining configuration file can be a tool path source file.
In one embodiment, the mapping may be performed by establishing a spatiotemporal mapping model of the monitoring signals and the machined surface locations of the part as shown in FIG. 2: for the part model, machining configuration information, such as tool path configuration information, is compiled through computer aided manufacturing software (CAM), and a machining configuration file, such as a tool path source (CLS) file (generally referred to as a tool path file for short), is obtained, and the CLS file obtains a numerical control system code, such as a G code, through post-processing. And G codes are executed by the machine tool to generate the motion coordinates of the machine tool, namely the machine tool coordinates for short. For the monitoring signal acquired at a certain moment t, the machine tool coordinate corresponding to the moment t can be found through time correspondence by the internal data of the numerical control system recorded by the numerical control system. The machine coordinates correspond to a line in the G code, which in turn corresponds to a line in the CLS file. And a certain line in the CLS file corresponds to the position of the processing surface of the part, and the position of the processing surface of the corresponding part can be found through the certain line in the CLS file, so that the space-time mapping relation between the collected monitoring signal and the surface processing position of the part is established.
That is to say, by the correspondence relationship between the machine tool coordinate and the monitoring signal in time, the corresponding machine tool coordinate can be determined according to the monitoring signal at a certain time t, then the line of the G code corresponding to the monitoring signal at the certain time t is determined according to the correspondence relationship between the machine tool coordinate and the line of the G code, then the CLS file line corresponding to the monitoring signal at the certain time t is determined according to the correspondence relationship between the line of the G code and the CLS file line, and finally the machining surface position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal at the certain time t is determined according to the correspondence relationship between the CLS file line and the machining surface position of the part.
It should be noted that those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-mentioned machining configuration information includes, but is not limited to, tool path configuration information, and the machining configuration file includes, but is not limited to, CLS file.
Step 103: and when the monitoring signal exceeds a threshold value, determining the surface machining position of the part corresponding to the condition that the monitoring signal exceeds the threshold value according to the mapping relation.
In one embodiment, it may be determined whether machining of the machined surface location of the part corresponding to the monitor signal at a time t is required for optimization by determining whether the monitor signal exceeds a threshold.
When more than one monitoring signal exists, one monitoring signal can be selected as an optimization index. In one embodiment, a threshold corresponding to the monitoring signal may be set, and whether the machining of the machining surface position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal at a certain time is required to be optimized may be determined according to a relationship between the monitoring signal at the certain time and the threshold.
In one embodiment, when the monitoring signal exceeds a threshold value, the surface machining position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal exceeding the threshold value is determined according to the determined mapping relation. In one embodiment, when the monitoring signal at more than one time exceeds a threshold, the surface machining positions of all the parts corresponding to the monitoring signal exceeding the threshold can be determined.
Step 104: and optimizing the machining process at the surface machining position of the part according to the monitoring signal.
In one embodiment, where the monitoring signal exceeds a threshold, the cutting feed rate at the surface machining location of the part may be optimized based on the monitoring signal. Wherein for a monitor signal exceeding a threshold, the cutting feed rate may be adjusted by a percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold.
In one embodiment, when the percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold value is, for example, 110% at a certain time, the machining process at the machined surface position of the part where the percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold value is, for example, 110% can be optimized by reducing the cutting feed speed by the corresponding percentage. When the percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold value at a certain time is, for example, 108%, the machining process at the machined surface position of the part corresponding to the percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold value of, for example, 108% can be optimized by reducing the cutting feed speed by the corresponding percentage.
In one embodiment, the weighted values of the various signals may also be selected as optimization indicators.
It should be noted that the percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold in the examples of the present application, including but not limited to the specific percentage mentioned above, and the percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold in the examples of the present application, including but not limited to the above embodiments, is determined.
According to the part processing method and device provided by the embodiment of the application, the mapping relation between the monitoring signal (usually time domain parameter) and the processing surface position of the part in the part processing process is established, so that the processing surface position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal to be optimized can be visually determined according to the mapping relation, and the processing process can be optimized more easily.
Referring now to fig. 3-5, another method flow diagram for part processing according to an embodiment of the present application will be described. This embodiment, in addition to the embodiment of fig. 1, further adds the display of the part and monitoring signal in graphical form.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cloud of monitoring signals according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 3, for the cutting force signal, the vibration signal, and the spindle power signal mapped to the surface processing position of the part, a color point cloud map mapped by the cutting force signal, the vibration signal, and the spindle power signal at the surface processing position of the part may be displayed by using a time-space mapping data display software specially designed for the milling process. In the color dot cloud chart, the amplitudes of different cutting force signals, vibration signals and spindle power signals can be displayed in different colors. For example, as shown in fig. 3, color point clouds 301 and 302 including two different signals, wherein the signals corresponding to 301 and 302 are different, may be one of cutting force, vibration and spindle power. When the color dot cloud picture displays various monitoring signals, a color table of the monitoring signals corresponding to colors can be set, so that the color corresponding to a certain monitoring signal can be found by looking up the color table.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a part and a cloud of monitoring signals according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, a three-dimensional model 401 of the part is included, and a monitor signal color cloud 402, which may be one of cutting force, vibration, and spindle power.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method of machining a part according to another embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, the method including steps through steps.
Step 501: acquiring monitoring signals and machine tool coordinates in the part machining process, wherein the monitoring signals comprise: cutting force signal, vibration signal, machine tool spindle power signal.
Specifically, the step may refer to the above description of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and is not described herein again.
Step 502: a three-dimensional model of the part is generated.
According to the part to be processed, a three-dimensional model of the part is generated, which can be referred to related technologies, and is not described in detail in this application.
Step 503: and mapping the monitoring signal to the surface machining position of the three-dimensional model of the part by adopting a space-time mapping model according to the machine tool coordinates.
Specifically, refer to the above description of step 102 in the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and the related description in fig. 2, which is not repeated herein.
Step 504: and displaying the three-dimensional model of the part and displaying the color point cloud picture of the monitoring signal.
The method can adopt compiled space-time mapping data display software specially used for the part processing (such as milling) process, firstly load a three-dimensional model of the part, then load mapped monitoring signal data, and respectively display a cutting force, vibration and power point cloud picture in the processing process in a point cloud mode. The magnitude of the cutting force, vibration and spindle power in the dot cloud pattern can be displayed in different colors.
See the description related to fig. 3 and 4, which will not be repeated herein.
Step 505: on the monitoring signal color point cloud picture, selecting a certain monitoring signal as an optimization index, and setting a threshold value of the optimization target. Wherein the threshold may be an upper threshold.
Specifically, refer to the description related to fig. 3 and fig. 4, which is not repeated herein.
Step 506: and determining the positions of the processing surfaces of the parts corresponding to all the optimization indexes exceeding the threshold value according to the time when all the optimization indexes on the color point cloud picture exceed the threshold value.
In one embodiment, for a certain processing procedure, according to the color point cloud chart of the monitoring signal, a certain monitoring signal can be selected as an optimization index, and an upper limit threshold value is set. And for the whole color point cloud picture, finding out the position of the processing surface of the part with the signal amplitude larger than the upper limit threshold value, and reducing the cutting feed speed according to the percentage of the signal amplitude larger than the upper limit threshold value to realize the optimization of the processing process.
Specifically, refer to the above description about step 103 in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and will not be described again here.
Step 507: and optimizing the machining process at the position of the machining surface of the corresponding part when all the indexes exceed the threshold value according to the optimization target.
According to the embodiment of the application, the machine tool coordinate in the part machining process is read through the data interface in the numerical control system, the space-time corresponding relation between the time-domain signals such as the cutting force, the vibration and the main shaft power and the part surface machining position monitored in the part machining process (such as the milling process) is realized, the amplitude of the monitoring signal is displayed in a color point cloud picture mode, the problems that the signal data size monitored in the part machining process is large and the visibility is poor are solved, the change conditions of the cutting force, the vibration and the main shaft power signal in the whole part machining process are visually displayed, the part milling process is optimized according to the relation between the monitoring signal result and the threshold value, and therefore the difficulty in optimizing the machining process is reduced.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a part processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 6, the part processing apparatus 600 includes a processor 601 and a memory 602, and the processor 601 and the memory 602 may be connected by a bus (as shown by a thick solid line in fig. 6). The memory 602 stores instructions, which can be executed by the processor 601 to perform the steps in the embodiment of the part processing method shown in fig. 1 or fig. 5, and the implementation principle and the technical effect are similar, and are not described herein again.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or a portion of the steps of implementing the above-described method embodiments may be performed by hardware associated with program instructions. The program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs steps comprising the method embodiments described above; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
The present application also supports a computer program product comprising computer executable code or computer executable instructions that when executed cause at least one computer to perform the operations and computing steps described herein, in particular the steps of the above-described method. Such a computer program product may include a readable non-transitory storage medium on which program code is stored for use by a computer. The program code may perform the processing and computational steps described herein, in particular the methods described above.
While a particular feature or aspect of the disclosure may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature or aspect may be combined with one or more other features or aspects of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," having, "or other variations thereof, are used in either the detailed description or the claims, and are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term" comprising. Moreover, the terms "exemplary," "e.g.," and "like" merely mean examples, and are not the best or optimal. The terms "coupled" and "connected," along with derivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms may be used to indicate that two elements co-operate or interact with each other, whether or not they are in direct physical or electrical contact, or they are not in direct contact with each other.
Although specific aspects have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific aspects shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific aspects discussed herein.
Although elements in the following claims are recited in a particular order with corresponding labeling, unless a particular sequence of some or all of the elements is expressed in the claims, the elements are not necessarily intended to be limited to being performed in that particular sequence.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of machining a part, comprising:
acquiring a monitoring signal in the part processing process;
establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part;
when the monitoring signal exceeds a threshold value, determining the surface machining position of the part corresponding to the monitoring signal exceeding the threshold value according to the mapping relation; and
and optimizing the machining process at the surface machining position of the part according to the monitoring signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping the monitoring signal to a surface machining location of the part comprises:
obtaining the machine tool coordinates in the part machining process; and
and establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part according to the machine tool coordinate.
3. The method of machining a part of claim 2, wherein said mapping the monitor signal to a surface machining location of the part based on the machine coordinates comprises:
and establishing a mapping relation between the monitoring signal and the surface machining position of the part according to the time corresponding relation between the machine tool coordinate and the monitoring signal, the corresponding relation between the machine tool coordinate and the machining configuration file in the part machining process and the corresponding relation between the machining configuration file and the surface machining position of the part.
4. The method of part processing of claim 3, wherein the process configuration file is a tool path source file.
5. The method of machining a part of claim 1, wherein the monitoring signal includes at least one of: a cutting force signal, a vibration signal, and a machine tool spindle power signal.
6. The method of machining a part of claim 5, wherein the cutting force signal, the vibration signal, and the machine tool spindle power signal are sampled at a rate consistent with one another.
7. The method of machining a part of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying a three-dimensional model of the part; and
and displaying a color point cloud picture of the monitoring signal.
8. The method of machining a part according to claim 1, wherein optimizing a machining process at a surface machining location of the part based on the monitoring signal comprises:
and optimizing the cutting feed speed at the surface machining position of the part according to the monitoring signal.
9. The method of machining a part of claim 8, wherein optimizing a cutting feed rate at a surface machining location of the part based on the monitoring signal comprises:
adjusting the cutting feed rate as a percentage of the monitor signal to the threshold value.
10. A parts machining apparatus, comprising:
a processor, and
a memory for storing program instructions readable by the processor;
the part machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is performed when the program instructions are executed by the processor.
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| CN114273976A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-05 | 南通云迁淼网络科技有限公司 | Online monitoring, intelligent regulation and control management cloud system of numerical control machining center |
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