CN111194258B - 接触焊接加热组件和自动焊接机 - Google Patents

接触焊接加热组件和自动焊接机 Download PDF

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CN111194258B
CN111194258B CN201880065057.6A CN201880065057A CN111194258B CN 111194258 B CN111194258 B CN 111194258B CN 201880065057 A CN201880065057 A CN 201880065057A CN 111194258 B CN111194258 B CN 111194258B
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welding
heating assembly
roughening
contact
contact welding
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CN111194258A (zh
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保罗·罗斯林
罗杰·比格勒
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Leister Technologies AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02245—Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/103—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined direct heating both surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/342—Preventing air-inclusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7373—Joining soiled or oxidised materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167—Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/865—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels
    • B29C66/8652—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D15/00—Apparatus or tools for roof working
    • E04D15/04—Apparatus or tools for roof working for roof coverings comprising slabs, sheets or flexible material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B29C66/81435—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于使至少部分重叠布置的热可熔合/可熔化的材料幅材边缘侧塑化的接触焊接加热组件和自动焊接机。用于材料幅材的粗糙化装置(7，7')从加热组件上侧(13)和/或加热组件下侧(13')突出，该粗糙化装置(7，7')在接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上布置在加热组件材料导出缘(8)前方，其中，粗糙化装置(7，7')与加热组件材料导出缘(8)邻接地横向于接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向延伸，并且具有多个在接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上伸展的锐缘构成的凸起的粗糙化元件(9)，粗糙化元件(9)优选地在接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上具有变化的高度。自动焊接机具有如此构成的接触焊接加热组件。

Description

接触焊接加热组件和自动焊接机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种接触焊接加热组件，其用于使至少部分重叠布置的热可熔合/可熔化的材料幅材边缘侧塑化，所述接触焊接加热组件可导入在重叠的下部材料幅材和重叠的上部材料幅材之间并可沿着所述下部材料幅材和所述上部材料幅材移动，其具有：用于接触所述上部材料幅材的加热组件上侧和用于接触所述下部材料幅材的加热组件下侧；在焊接过程中在所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上的用于所述材料幅材的前部加热组件材料导入侧和后部加热组件材料导出缘，所述材料幅材通过所述加热组件上侧和所述加热组件下侧在形成楔形轮廓的情况下彼此连接；以及至少一个通过所述加热组件上侧和/或所述加热组件下侧突出的用于所述材料幅材的粗糙化装置，所述粗糙化装置在所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上布置在所述加热组件材料导出缘前方并且与所述加热组件材料导出缘邻接地横向于所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向延伸并且具有多个在焊接过程中在所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上伸展的锐缘构成的凸起的粗糙化元件。
本发明还涉及一种自动焊接机，其用于将至少部分重叠布置的热可熔合/可熔化的材料幅材边缘侧连接，其具有接触焊接加热组件，所述接触焊接加热组件可导入在重叠的下部材料幅材和重叠的上部材料幅材之间并可沿着所述下部材料幅材和所述上部材料幅材移动以使所述材料幅材塑化。
背景技术
这种接触焊接加热组件是众所周知的，其或是构成为用于热空气焊接设备的热空气槽焊接喷嘴，或是构成为用于所谓的电加热楔形件焊接设备的具有电加热器的加热楔形元件，并且构成为它们的加热元件组合。在热空气焊接设备中，例如通过电加热元件或气体火焰加热空气流，并且以这种方式产生的热空气借助特别设计的焊接喷嘴被引导到待焊接材料上，其中，焊接喷嘴通常构成为楔形槽缝接喷嘴。在电加热楔形件焊接设备中，进行电加热楔形元件的加热以电焊接材料，其中，加热楔形件直接通电，由所***的电加热筒被加热或间接借助感应被加热。在这两种类型的接触焊接加热组件中，接触焊接加热组件被加热，其中，其加热组件上侧和加热组件下侧在焊接过程中接触上部材料幅材或下部材料幅材以加热材料幅材。实际的焊接过程不仅在热空气焊接设备中而且在电加热楔形件焊接设备中在边缘侧熔合/熔化即材料幅材的塑化之后通过对材料幅材的压实来进行。
在焊接塑料幅材和薄膜时，相应加热的接触焊接加热组件在两个待焊接薄膜之间沿其边缘侧移动，其中，该材料在电加热焊接楔形件的情况下，仅通过与加热组件上侧和加热组件下侧接触并且在热空气槽焊接喷嘴的情况下还通过从喷嘴流出的热空气被加热。在其中加热元件被引导的材料的重叠区域中，上部材料和下部材料首先在表面上塑化以进行焊接过程，然后借助后续的按压辊或按压滚子来材料配合地连接或焊接。
当焊接污染的或涂覆的材料幅材时，所产生的接缝质量经常不能令人满意。对此，已知当材料幅材和薄膜在焊接前***糙时，可以实现更好焊接。为此，例如参照出版物EP1254759B1、EP0914935B1和EP1358993B1。
EP1254759B1公开了一种用于借助热空气焊接设备焊接塑料幅材或薄膜的热空气槽焊接喷嘴，其具有：用于使待彼此焊接的上部或下部塑料幅材或薄膜接触的上侧和下侧，以及从上侧和下侧的表面突出的磨削装置，和在至少一个表面中的空气孔，其中，从表面突出的磨削装置具有横向于焊接方向布置的凸起部，这些凸起部布置在空气孔的边缘以及沿焊接方向在空气孔前方。在这里，上侧和/或下侧构成为楔形，其中，在上侧和下侧之间优选地附加布置有电加热器。
EP0914935B1提出了一种用于焊接塑料幅材的热空气焊接装置，其具有：为排出热空气而设置的具有槽状开口的喷嘴，该喷嘴设置成在两个待焊接材料幅材之间吹入热空气，其中，在槽状开口的上游或者沿加工方向在该槽状开口的下游设置有至少一个滚子状或辊状的磨削装置，以便将材料幅材的待焊接表面在压实之前进行磨削或粗糙化。磨削装置可拆卸地布置在从槽状喷嘴侧向突出的保持构件上。磨削装置的远离喷嘴的前缘与从上方看时的喷嘴开口轮廓平行地伸展，其中，在喷嘴开口的区域中布置有向上和/或向下突出的引导板或磨削板，待焊接的幅材沿该引导板或该磨削板在焊接之前被顺沿引导或被顺沿磨削。此外，存在弹簧状的薄片，这些弹簧状的薄片从槽状的喷嘴开口向下或向上突出，并且这些弹簧状的薄片如此并置，使得它们适配于待磨削表面的每个轮廓。
EP1358993B1教导了一种用于焊接塑料幅材的热空气焊接装置，热空气焊接装置具有为排出热空气而设置的具有槽状开口的喷嘴，以便在两个待焊接的材料幅材之间吹入热空气，其中，在槽状开口的上游或者沿加工方向在该槽状开口的下游设置有至少一个滚子状或辊状的磨削装置，该磨削装置构成为锥形或者锥形渐缩。磨削装置可拆卸地布置在从槽状喷嘴侧向突出的保持构件上。磨削装置的远离喷嘴的前缘与从上方看时的喷嘴开口轮廓大体平行或略成角度地伸展。
从EP1884347A1和EP1254759A2已知一种用于焊接塑料幅材的装置，该装置包括喷嘴附件，该喷嘴附件具有磨削体。喷嘴附件保持可移动状态，从而在待消耗的下部幅材上始终存在确定的力并且产生恒定良好的接缝质量。
WO2006/117397A1还描述了一种用于塑料幅材的热气体焊接的装置用的喷嘴附件，该喷嘴附件具有形成磨削体的多个磨削体元件。磨削体元件保持在轴承轴线上，其中，各个磨削体元件元件可相对于彼此径向错开。
CN201175996Y公开了一种在上侧具有开口的热空气喷嘴，其中，具有***部的板可以与开口齐平地被施加，以使材料粗糙化。
在EP1254758A1中公开了一种热空气喷嘴，该热空气喷嘴构成为三角形，并且不仅在上侧而且在下侧具有突起部，这些突起部优选是锐缘的，以实现材料在重叠的区域内的粗糙化。
DE8808693U1描述了一种具有加热楔形件的焊接装置，该加热楔形件具有在焊接方向上伸展的轮廓槽，这些轮廓槽在横截面中是圆形或倒圆的。
从DE9317104U1中描述了一种用于焊接薄膜边缘的装置，该装置公开了引言中所述类型的接触焊接加热组件。
已经表明，对于上面列出的现有技术，对于可焊接性差的材料幅材，例如在将旧的与新的密封幅材或具有不可焊接涂层的密封幅材接合时，无法实现最佳焊接，因为待连接材料幅材在焊接前仅少量细微粗糙化。
发明内容
以此为出发点，本发明的目的是提出一种可行方案，该可行方案即使对于可焊接性差的材料幅材也能实现焊接质量的改善，并因此保证材料幅材之间的耐用的、耐久的、优选持久的材料配合连接，即实现其可靠的均质接合。
根据本发明，该目的通过具有独立权利要求1的特征的接触焊接加热组件以及具有并列独立权利要求14的特征的自动焊接机来实现。其他有利的实施方式可以从引用的权利要求中得知。
本发明的核心思想是为接触焊接加热组件的用于接触上部材料幅材的加热组件上侧和/或用于接触下部材料幅材的加热组件下侧设置靠近用于材料幅材的后部加热组件材料幅材导出缘的槽状表面区域。在这里，槽状表面区域应类似于螺纹表面，即形成具有轮廓开槽部和锐缘切口状实施的凸起部的表面，这些轮廓开槽部或凸起部在接触焊接加热组件或自动焊接机的运动方向上直线对准地伸展。在焊接材料幅材时，材料幅材的两个边缘侧加热的连接区域在材料幅材的边缘压实之前通过切割优选地在侧向上彼此偏移地多次开槽，由此一方面扩大了连接区域的接触表面，另一方面从材料幅材的表面转移到材料幅材的内部。因此在这里，通过焊接产生了用于材料配合连接过程的齿状接触表面，这些齿状接触表大于原始的平坦接触表面。在通过按压辊或按压滚子接合材料幅材的连接区域时，形成的不是二维连接缝，而是三维连接缝。通过齿状接合可以使两种材料幅材在从外部可见的焊缝宽度相同的情况下在内部通过明显较宽的内部连接缝彼此牢固连接，由此同时也显著改善了表面可焊性差的材料幅材的焊接质量。材料幅材的有效内部连接表面依赖于所实施的开槽部的深度和数量。与平坦的连接表面相比，该齿状连接表面可以容易地增加多达50％以上。
在根据本发明的接触焊接加热组件中，其设置用于使至少部分重叠布置的热可熔合/可熔化的材料幅材边缘侧塑化，粗糙化装置与加热组件材料导出缘邻接地横向于所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向延伸并且具有多个在焊接过程中在所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上伸展的锐缘构成的凸起的即增高的粗糙化元件。所述粗糙化元件不必是锋利的。重要的是，将所述粗糙化元件如此确定尺寸，使得所述粗糙化元件可以在施加压力下穿透到材料中，也就是说，例如其宽度与所述接触焊接加热组件的宽度相比较小。在这里，所述粗糙化元件可以平行于运动方向或者也可以相对于运动方向倾斜大约30度的小角度。
所述接触焊接加热组件具有主体，所述主体构成为楔形，其中，优选地，在所述主体上，所述加热组件上侧具有至少一个下降区域，所述上部材料幅材通过所述下降区域接触地移动。理想地，所述加热组件上侧在所述主体上还具有上升区域，所述上升区域在所述接触焊接加热组件的通常运动方向上布置在所述下降区域的上游。由此，所述上部材料幅材尤其是在与后续的按压辊或后续的按压滚子连接时被显著张紧。由此，引起材料幅材在下侧上的粗糙化增强，尤其是只有通过所述粗糙化装置的在接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上伸展的锐缘构成的凸起的所述粗糙化元件才能实现深开槽。已经证明特别有利的是，类似于所述加热组件上侧来构成所述下部材料幅材接触移动所沿的所述加热组件下侧，以便在那里实现相应的优点。所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件突出超过所述接触焊接加热组件的所述主体。
所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件在所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上具有变化的高度，即所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件处在与所述加热组件上侧和/或所述加热组件下侧截然不同的高度处。在这里，所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件有利地也实施是楔形，即所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件包括上升区域和下降区域，其中，所述上升区域在所述接触焊接加热组件的通常运动方向上布置在所述下降区域前方。这使得材料幅材沿锐缘铃形的粗糙化元件滑动地被引导而没有磨削作用，并且由于材料幅材的张力增加而引起的材料幅材的粗糙化大致限于表面的刻痕和开槽。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中，所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件在所述加热组件材料导出缘的方向上具有最大高度。这意味着它们的上升区域明显长于其下降区域。因此，所述粗糙化元件通过所述粗糙化装置的大区域对各自相关联的材料幅材的塑化边缘施加期望的刻痕或开槽作用。在根据本发明的接触焊接加热组件一个有利的实施方式中，所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件在所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上具有弧形的走向。
在本发明的一个有利的实施方式中，所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件构成为在所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上中断。因此，在给定的方向上看，所述粗糙化装置不仅具有多个横向于接触焊接加热组件的运动方向并置的锐缘的粗糙化元件，而且还具有多个在接触焊接加热组件的运动方向上串置的粗糙化元件。并置和/或串置构成的粗糙化元件可以至少部分地彼此对齐或彼此横向偏移地布置。
在根据本发明的接触焊接加热组件的一个特别有利的变型例中，所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件构成为与所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向正交地中断并且优选地与所述接触焊接加热组件的运动方向正交地具有变化的高度。特别有利的一个实施方式是，所述粗糙化装置和所述粗糙化元件的高度与所述接触焊接加热组件从外向内的运动方向正交地减小。
在本发明的一个设计方案中，所述接触焊接加热组件由金属制成，并且完全或部分地借助3D金属打印工艺来制造。在本发明的另一实施方式中，所述接触焊接加热组件全部或部分地借助激光烧结和/或激光熔化工艺来制造。优选地，所述接触焊接加热组件在所述加热组件上侧和所述加热组件下侧之间的内部具有支撑加固件，以提高抗压强度。所述接触焊接加热组件在本发明的一个实施方式中是热空气槽焊接喷嘴，在另一个实施方式中是电加热焊接楔形件。
当然，根据本发明的由金属制成的接触焊接加热组件通常还可以借助例如铣削和磨削的分离生产工艺、例如弯曲和压入的成形生产工艺和/或例如焊接的接合生产工艺来制造。3D打印工艺与成形工艺相比具有的优势是，自动化程度更高，精度或重复性更好，并且可以实现更复杂的几何形状，例如在内部也具有加固件。此外，3D打印也部分地具有成本优势。
根据本发明的热空气槽焊接喷嘴具有：热空气入口孔，至少一个槽形焊接空气出口孔，以及在焊接过程中在热空气槽焊接喷嘴的运动方向上位于所述热空气出口孔上游的用于热空气喷射的至少一个预热空气出口孔，其中，所述粗糙化装置与所述焊接空气出口孔邻接地横向于所述热空气槽焊接喷嘴的运动方向延伸。理想地，在本发明的推荐的设计方案中，所述粗糙化元件从所述至少一个预热空气出口孔一直延伸到所述焊接空气出口孔。所述至少一个焊接空气出口孔可以具有一个或多个并置和/或叠置的开口或通道。
根据本发明的电加热焊接楔形件直接或间接被电加热，其中，所述粗糙化装置与所述加热组件材料导出缘邻接地横向于所述电加热焊接楔形件的运动方向延伸。
根据本发明的自动焊接机，其用于将至少部分重叠布置的可熔合/可熔化的材料幅材边缘侧连接，其具有接触焊接加热组件，所述接触焊接加热组件可导入在重叠的下部材料幅材和重叠的上部材料幅材之间并可沿所述下部材料幅材和所述上部材料幅材移动以使所述材料幅材塑化，所述自动焊接机具有如上所述的接触焊接加热组件。
简而言之，本发明的优点在于：
－与以前可能实现的情况相比，待连接材料幅材的焊接复合面积要大得多；
－通过粗糙化自动去除或消除氧化层；
－可省去接缝准备；
－在加热湿度较高的材料幅材时，水蒸气会更好地逸出，因此在焊接表面不会形成或仅很少形成气泡；
－对于带涂层的PVC和TPO材料幅材，将涂层粗糙化或去除；
－最大焊接速度提高10％－15％；
－实现了焊接温度的降低；
－使用3D金属打印工艺可以容易制造接触焊接加热组件；
－通过材料幅材的较宽的焊接复合表面实现了更高的安全性和在焊接质量方面的更高的公差；
－保证接缝的持久密封性；
－不需要用于接缝预处理的溶剂；
－实现了工作时间的缩短；以及
－实现了人工成本和材料成本的降低。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中示出的实施例更详细地说明本发明。通过以下结合权利要求书和附图对本发明的实施例的描述，本发明的其他特征将变得显而易见。本发明的各个特征可以在本发明的不同实施方式中单独地或成组地实现。在附图中：
图1以立体图示出了根据本发明的自动焊接机，该自动焊接机实施为热空气自动焊接机并具有以热空气槽焊接喷嘴形式的根据本发明的接触焊接加热组件；
图2示出了在热空气槽焊接喷嘴的区域中的图1的剖视放大图；
图3以俯视立体图示出了图2的热空气槽焊接喷嘴；
图4以仰视立体图示出了图2的热空气槽焊接喷嘴；
图5以侧视立体图示出了图2的热空气槽焊接喷嘴；
图6以俯视立体图示出了根据本发明的以电加热焊接楔形件形式的接触焊接加热组件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的自动焊接机1，其用于使至少部分重叠布置的热可熔合/可熔化的未图示的材料幅材边缘侧连接，该自动焊接机1具有根据本发明的接触焊接加热组件2，该接触焊接加热组件2可导入在重叠的下部材料幅材和重叠的上部材料幅材之间并可沿该下部材料幅材和该上部材料幅材移动以使材料幅材塑化。在所示的实施例中涉及自走式热空气自动焊接机1，该自走式热空气自动焊接机1具有可调节的热空气鼓风机3，在在其空气出口管4的端侧布置有接触焊接加热组件2，其中，接触焊接加热组件2构成为热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'。自动焊接机1由走行滚子5和按压辊6承载。
图2示出了在热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'的区域中的图1的剖视放大图。热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'设置用于使未示出的部分重叠布置的可熔合/可熔化的材料幅材的边缘侧塑化，并且在上部和下部具有用于材料幅材的突出的粗糙化装置7和7'，粗糙化装置7和7'，该突出的粗糙化装置7和7'在接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向上布置在加热组件材料导出缘8前方。粗糙化装置7、7'直接与加热组件材料导出缘8邻接布置并横向于接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向延伸。粗糙化装置7、7'各自具有多个在接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向上伸展的锐缘构成的凸起的粗糙化元件9，这些粗糙化元件9在材料幅材的塑化时作用在这些材料幅材上。
图3以俯视立体图示出了图1、图2的热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'，图4以仰视立体图示出了图1、图2的热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'，与热空气鼓风机3分开放大示出。热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'可以可拆卸地紧固在热空气鼓风机3的空气出口管4上并且具有：热空气入口孔10，槽状焊接空气出口孔11，以及多个在焊接过程中在热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'的运动方向上位于焊接空气出口孔11上游的用于热空气喷射的预热空气出口孔12，其中，相应的粗糙化装置7、7'与焊接空气出口孔11邻接地横向于热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'的运动方向延伸。热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'具有用于接触上部材料幅材的加热组件上侧13和用于接触下部材料幅材的加热组件下侧13'，以及在焊接过程中沿接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向的前部加热组件材料导入侧14，与该前部加热组件材料导入侧14隔开相对地布置有用于材料幅材的后部加热组件材料导出缘8。加热组件材料导入侧14和加热组件材料导出缘8通过加热组件上侧13和加热组件下侧13'在形成楔形轮廓的情况下彼此连接。
图5以侧视立体图示出了热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'，再次示出了用于接触焊接加热组件2的材料幅材的粗糙化装置7、7'通过加热组件上侧13和加热组件下侧13'清楚地突出，该粗糙化装置7、7'在热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'的运动方向上布置在加热组件材料导出缘8前方。
根据图3至图5，粗糙化装置7、7'与加热组件材料导出缘8邻接地横向于接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向延伸，并且各自具有在接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向上延伸的多个锐缘构成的凸起的粗糙化元件9。在这里，粗糙化装置7、7'和粗糙化元件9在接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向上具有变化的高度，并且在加热组件材料导出缘8的方向上具有最大高度。因此，粗糙化元件9的高度在热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'的空气出口孔11附近最大。尤其地，在所示的实施例中，粗糙化装置7、7'和粗糙化元件9在接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向上具有弧形的走向。
图6以俯视立体图示出了根据本发明的以电加热焊接楔形件2”形式的接触焊接加热组件2。电加热焊接楔形件2”设置用于使未示出的部分重叠布置的可熔合/可熔化材料幅材边缘侧塑化，并且在上部具有用于材料幅材的突出的粗糙化装置7，该突出的粗糙化装置7在接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向上布置在接触焊接加热组件2的加热组件材料导出缘8前方。粗糙化装置7直接与电加热焊接楔形件2”的加热组件材料导出缘8邻接布置并横向于接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向延伸。粗糙化装置7分别具有多个在接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向上伸展的锐缘构成的凸起的粗糙化元件9，这些粗糙化元件9在材料幅材的塑化时作用在这些材料幅材上。
电加热焊接楔形件2”可以直接通过一体构成的加热电阻器或者间接通过收纳在其中的加热筒来调温。电加热焊接楔形件2”具有用于紧固在手动焊接设备或自动焊接机上的紧固装置15。电加热焊接楔形件2”具有用于接触上部材料幅材的加热组件上侧13和用于接触下部材料幅材的加热组件下侧13'，以及在焊接过程中沿接触焊接加热组件2的运动方向的前部加热组件材料导入侧14，与该前部加热组件材料导入侧14隔开相对地布置有用于材料幅材的后部加热组件材料导出缘8。加热组件材料导入侧14和加热组件材料导出缘8通过加热组件上侧13和加热组件下侧13'在形成楔形轮廓的情况下彼此连接。此外，粗糙化装置7和粗糙化元件9如上所述针对热空气槽焊接喷嘴2'所述来构成。

Claims (14)

1.一种接触焊接加热组件(2)，其用于使至少部分重叠布置的热可熔合/可熔化的材料幅材边缘侧塑化，所述接触焊接加热组件(2)可导入在重叠的下部材料幅材和重叠的上部材料幅材之间并可沿所述下部材料幅材和所述上部材料幅材移动，其具有：用于接触所述上部材料幅材的加热组件上侧(13)和用于接触所述下部材料幅材的加热组件下侧(13')；在焊接过程中在所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上用于所述材料幅材的前部加热组件材料导入侧(14)和后部加热组件材料导出缘(8)，所述材料幅材通过所述加热组件上侧(13)和所述加热组件下侧(13')在形成楔形轮廓的情况下彼此连接；以及至少一个通过所述加热组件上侧(13)和/或所述加热组件下侧(13')突出的用于所述材料幅材的粗糙化装置(7，7')，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')在所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上布置在所述加热组件材料导出缘(8)前方并且与所述加热组件材料导出缘(8)邻接地横向于所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向延伸，并具有多个在所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上伸展的锐缘构成的凸起的粗糙化元件(9)，其特征在于，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')和所述粗糙化元件(9)在所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上具有变化的高度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')和所述粗糙化元件(9)在所述加热组件材料导出缘(8)的方向上具有最大高度。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')和所述粗糙化元件(9)在所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上具有弧形的走向。
4.根据权利要求1所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')和所述粗糙化元件(9)构成为在所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向上中断。
5.根据权利要求1所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')和所述粗糙化元件(9)构成为与所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向正交地中断。
6.根据权利要求1所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')和所述粗糙化元件(9)与所述接触焊接加热组件(2)的运动方向正交地具有变化的高度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')和所述粗糙化元件(9)的高度与所述接触焊接加热组件(2)从外向内的运动方向正交地减小。
8.根据权利要求1所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述接触焊接加热组件(2)由金属制成，并且完全或部分地借助3D金属打印工艺来制造，或者全部或部分地借助激光烧结和/或激光熔化工艺来制造。
9.根据权利要求1所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述接触焊接加热组件(2)在所述加热组件上侧(13)和所述加热组件下侧(13')之间的内部具有支撑加固件，以提高抗压强度。
10.根据权利要求1所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述接触焊接加热组件(2)是热空气槽焊接喷嘴(2')或电加热焊接楔形件(2”)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述热空气槽焊接喷嘴(2')具有：热空气入口孔(10)，至少一个槽形焊接空气出口孔(11)，以及在焊接过程中在热空气槽焊接喷嘴(2')的运动方向上位于所述焊接空气出口孔(11)上游的用于热空气喷射的至少一个预热空气出口孔(12)，其中，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')与所述焊接空气出口孔(11)邻接地横向于所述热空气槽焊接喷嘴(2')的运动方向延伸。
12.根据权利要求11所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述粗糙化元件(9)从所述预热空气出口孔(12)一直延伸到所述焊接空气出口孔(11)。
13.根据权利要求10所述的接触焊接加热组件，其特征在于，所述电加热焊接楔形件(2”)直接或间接被电加热，其中，所述粗糙化装置(7，7')与所述加热组件材料导出缘(8)邻接地横向于所述电加热焊接楔形件(2”)的运动方向延伸。
14.一种自动焊接机(1)，其用于将至少部分重叠布置的热可熔合/可熔化的材料幅材边缘侧连接，其具有接触焊接加热组件(2)，所述接触焊接加热组件(2)可导入在重叠的下部材料幅材和重叠的上部材料幅材之间并可沿着所述下部材料幅材和所述上部材料幅材移动以使所述材料幅材塑化，其特征在于根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的接触焊接加热组件(2)。
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