CN111184224A - Preparation method and application of high-activity dietary fiber powder - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of high-activity dietary fiber powder Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of high-activity dietary fiber powder. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that on the premise of protecting hemicellulose to the maximum extent, the contact probability of dietary fiber polysaccharide and enzyme is improved, the enzymolysis performance of the dietary fiber is improved to the maximum extent, the requirements of improving the mouthfeel of fiber products and improving the processing performance of foods are met, and the preparation technology of the dietary fiber is substantially innovated. The preparation method can be applied to the preparation of high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder or high-activity corn dietary fiber powder by taking wheat bran or corn bran as a raw material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dietary fiber processing, in particular to a preparation method and application of high-activity dietary fiber powder.
Background
The dietary fiber mainly refers to polysaccharides which cannot be hydrolyzed by human intestinal enzyme in plant food, mainly exists in plant cell walls, and belongs to non-starch polysaccharide. Due to the restriction of the understanding level of the health mechanism of the dietary fiber, the quality evaluation of the dietary fiber supplement in the past is generally limited to the physical properties such as water solubility, water retention capacity and swelling property, and the problem that the property indexes are related to the health function of the fiber is not concerned. It is now clear that dietary fiber is the basic carbon source supporting the growth of intestinal microbial cells and the fermentation of products, producing a series of fermentation products with short-chain fatty acids as the main component, which are absorbed into the blood and transported to distant organs, and the system participates in the regulation of human physiological metabolism and the functional maintenance of the immune system. Obviously, the fibers which cannot be fermented and utilized by the intestinal microorganisms do not have a series of health functions brought by fiber fermentation products, and the degree of the dietary fibers which can be fermented and utilized by the intestinal microorganisms, namely the fermentability of the dietary fibers, is a reliable index for embodying the health functions of the dietary fibers. The water solubility, the water retention capacity, the swelling property and other physical properties can effectively evaluate the retention capacity of the artificially purified fiber on the freshness of the baked food, but are not really related to the health function of the fiber. In particular, if the fiber is fermentable, it is degraded by microorganisms when entering the intestinal tract, and the original physical properties are lost. Fermentable fibers are those portions of fiber that are capable of being hydrolyzed by extracellular enzymes of microorganisms and produce fermentable sugars, so fiber fermentability (fermentability) can also be characterized as fiber enzymatic digestibility, i.e., the degree to which the fiber can be enzymatically hydrolyzed. The fiber enzymatic digestibility can be quickly and accurately evaluated by an enzymatic method.
Grains are the major food crops of humans, and bran (primarily wheat and corn) is a major by-product of companion grain processing. The consumption of grains, especially wheat and corn, is very high in China, so that the development and application of wheat bran dietary fibers and corn bran dietary fibers are deeply regarded. The bran dietary fiber accounts for about 40-50% of the bran, is the most abundant dietary fiber source in the nature, has high food safety, and is an ideal raw material for preparing dietary fiber supplements. The related researches on the preparation of the bran dietary fiber are numerous, the most common bran fiber purification methods comprise a chemical method, an enzymatic method and an enzyme-chemical method, the purity, the color, the water holding capacity and the swelling ratio of the fiber are also the commonly adopted quality evaluation indexes of the bran fiber product, but people do not pay attention to the health function quality evaluation problem of the bran fiber.
Bran comprises three major components of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein the lignin is not carbohydrate and can not be decomposed by intestinal microorganisms, most of cellulose ingested by human bodies can not be metabolized by the intestinal microorganisms, obviously, the hemicellulose (main component is xylan, xylolan) of the bran is a main substrate for effectively supporting the fermentation of the intestinal microorganisms of human beings, and the development process of bran dietary fiber should follow the following principle: the processing loss of the hemicellulose is reduced as much as possible, and the enzymolysis performance of the hemicellulose is effectively improved, so that the bran dietary fiber supplement with higher health function value can be prepared.
However, previous bran dietary fiber development and research generally deviates from these principles, and especially, the bran (starch and protein) is purified by using alkali liquor with higher concentration, so that a great amount of hemicellulose is lost along with the alkali liquor. For example: the alkaline hydrolysis is carried out by using 5 percent sodium hydroxide in the preparation of the wheat bran dietary fiber, the loss of wheat bran hemicellulose (the main component is araboxylan) reaches up to 90 percent, and the main component of the obtained product is cellulose. The bran dietary fiber supplement which contains little hemicellulose has no fermentability although the bran dietary fiber supplement shows higher fiber purity, and loses the health function which can be exerted by the hemicellulose. Reducing the concentration of lye is a way to reduce the loss of bran fiber from the lye. However, the purpose of such low concentration alkaline leaching conditions in the prior art is to reduce bran fiber loss, and does not consider the issue of improving the enzymatic digestibility of bran fibers.
High temperature and alkali cooking can improve the physical and chemical properties of the corn fiber product, for example, CN 200910218155.1 adopts 0.6% NaOH, and corn bran is treated at 120 ℃ to obviously improve the expansibility and water holding capacity of the corn fiber. However, the loss condition of corn bran hemicellulose and the enzymolysis problem of a final fiber product are not observed, and the high-temperature alkaline treatment condition inevitably increases energy consumption, generates a large amount of reaction byproducts and increases the burden of environmental management. The preparation process of the wheat bran dietary fiber also commonly adopts hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite for oxidation bleaching, for example, in patent CN 2017111758238 and patent CN200910218155, hydrogen peroxide bleaching measures are adopted to improve the color of the wheat bran fiber. However, the conventional oxidation bleaching treatment is generally limited to the improvement degree of the appearance color and luster and the physicochemical property of the bran product by the investigation and evaluation, and the problems of loss of hemicellulose of the bran and improvement of the enzymolysis property of the fiber product are not investigated.
Physical pulverization techniques are also commonly used in bran dietary fiber preparation to improve mouthfeel and expand the field of food application, and common techniques include micronization, homogenization, and the like. For example: the research of Wang' an Jian et al finds that the superfine grinding does not change the content of water-insoluble dietary fiber in the corn bran dietary fiber, but can improve the water absorption, oil absorption and cation exchange capacity of the corn bran dietary fiber, the grinding fineness is not as fine as possible, and the improvement effect is most obvious when the fineness is controlled to be 160-200 meshes. Research by Wangzuan and the like finds that the superfine grinding can improve the water holding capacity and the expansion force of the wheat bran, and the percentage content of soluble fiber is also improved to a greater extent compared with the original powder. The study of Liqinglong shows that the taste of the dried wheat bran dietary fiber can be improved by superfine grinding. However, the purpose of micronizing bran dietary fiber in the past is to improve the taste or physical properties of the product, and the problem of improving the fermentability of the bran dietary fiber is not considered.
It can be seen that, due to the restriction of the understanding level of the health mechanism of the dietary fiber, the quality evaluation of the dietary fiber supplement in the prior art is generally limited to the physical properties of water solubility, water holding capacity, swelling capacity and the like, and the fermentability of the dietary fiber is not concerned, so that the existing dietary fiber does not have a series of health functions brought by the fiber fermentation product, or has low health functions. Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a dietary fiber with high fermentability and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of high-activity dietary fiber powder, and the preparation method improves the contact probability of dietary fiber polysaccharide and enzyme on the premise of protecting hemicellulose to the maximum extent, improves the enzymolysis property of the dietary fiber to the maximum extent, simultaneously considers the requirements of improving the mouth feel of fiber products and improving the food processing performance, and substantially innovates the preparation technology of the dietary fiber. The preparation method can be applied to the preparation of high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder or high-activity corn dietary fiber powder by taking wheat bran or corn bran as a raw material.
A preparation method of high-activity dietary fiber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) heavy impurity removal: taking fresh, mildew-free and dry raw materials, adding clear water with the weight of 10-15 times, slowly stirring and floating to remove heavy impurities precipitated to the bottom of a container, and centrifugally dewatering to obtain a fiber material with the water content of less than 60%.
(2) Purifying: adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.1-0.3% into the fiber material after removing the heavy impurities until the weight ratio of the fiber material to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 8-15, heating to 50-60 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-2 h; after the reaction is finished, solid-liquid separation is carried out, reaction liquid and solid are recovered, the solid is washed for 4-6 times by water to remove non-dietary fiber components, and finally, a centrifugal machine is used for removing free liquid to obtain the purified fiber material.
(3) Deep delignification: putting the purified fiber material into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, injecting alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass of 8-10 times, stirring and mixing uniformly, heating to 50-60 ℃, introducing compressed air, keeping the reaction pressure at more than 0.1MPa, and reacting for 4-6 h; and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the delignified fiber, recovering the solid part, and repeatedly washing the solid part with clear water to obtain the soft delignified dietary fiber.
(4) Ultra-refining: grinding the delignified dietary fiber into pulp by using a colloid mill, and carrying out ultrahigh pressure homogenization and ultramicro refinement treatment under the pressure of 30-100MPa to obtain a stable delignified dietary fiber suspension.
(5) And (3) drying: dehydrating and drying the lignified dietary fiber suspension to obtain the high-activity dietary fiber powder.
The purification of the step (2) can also be carried out by an enzymolysis method, and the specific steps are as follows:
adding the heavily-mixed fiber material into 5-7 times of clear water by weight, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-6.5, adding α -amylase at a high temperature in a weight ratio of 1: 1000 of the enzyme to the fiber material, heating to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature, slowly stirring and hydrolyzing for 1-1.5 hours, cooling to 52 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.0, adding neutral protease in a weight ratio of 1-2: 1000 of the enzyme to the fiber material, performing enzymolysis for 1 hour at a constant temperature of 48-52 ℃, dehydrating the fiber material, stirring and washing with clear water twice, and finally removing free liquid by using a centrifugal machine to obtain the purified fiber material.
The reaction liquid recovered in the step (2) can be precipitated and recovered with protein and starch by adjusting the pH value to 3-5, thereby reducing the discharge of waste to the maximum extent and lightening the burden of environmental management.
And (3) the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.1-1%, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.3-3%.
The enzymolysis rate of the obtained high-activity dietary fiber powder reaches 60-85%.
The preparation method of the high-activity dietary fiber powder can be applied to the preparation of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder by taking wheat bran as a raw material; can also be applied to the preparation of high-activity corn dietary fiber powder by taking corn bran as a raw material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method of the invention firstly removes heavy impurities through water washing and flotation, and starch and protein are removed by an alkaline method or an enzymatic method, so that lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are exposed, and the purified fiber material is obtained. Then the purified fiber material is pressurized by alkaline hydrogen peroxide, so that bran lignin is removed by deep oxidation, and the shielding effect of lignin on fiber bundles is fully removed. The invention carries out deep delignification treatment by pressurizing alkaline hydrogen peroxide, so that sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide can be immersed into fiber raw materials, chemical bonds between lignin and hemicellulose are effectively destroyed, the lignin is selectively removed, the hemicellulose is effectively protected from being lost by alkali immersion, and the obtained dietary fiber product has low lignin content and high hemicellulose content. Finally, the lignified dietary fiber is effectively further refined by ultra-high pressure homogenization treatment, the specific surface area of the dietary fiber is greatly increased, the contact probability of extracellular enzymes of microorganisms and the dietary fiber capable of being subjected to enzymolysis is greatly improved, and the enzymolysis performance of the dietary fiber product is fully improved.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that on the premise of protecting hemicellulose to the maximum extent, the contact probability of the dietary fiber polysaccharide and enzyme is improved, the enzymolysis performance of the dietary fiber is improved to the maximum extent, the enzymolysis rate is up to 60% -85%, meanwhile, the requirements of improving the mouthfeel of fiber products and improving the processing performance of foods are met, and the preparation technology of the dietary fiber is substantially innovated. The preparation method can be applied to the preparation of high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder or high-activity corn dietary fiber powder by taking wheat bran or corn bran as a raw material, and the prepared high-activity dietary fiber powder has the characteristics of high hemicellulose content and good enzymolysis property, has good rehydration and suspension properties, strong water retention and swelling properties, prominent excrement water retention property and soft and fine taste, thoroughly changes the public image of rough dietary fiber and difficult swallowing, and can meet the requirements of different processed food industries and medical industries on high-quality dietary fiber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of wheat bran;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of high activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of water holding capacity of enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat bran, non-specific bran and high activity bran dietary fiber powder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation method of high-activity dietary fiber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) heavy impurity removal: taking fresh, mildew-free and dry raw materials, adding clear water with the weight of 10 times of that of the raw materials, slowly stirring and floating for 10 minutes, removing heavy impurities precipitated to the bottom of a container, and centrifugally dewatering to obtain a fiber material with the water content of less than 60%.
(2) Purifying: adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.1% into the fiber material after removing the heavy impurities until the weight ratio of the fiber material to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 15, heating to 60 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 0.5 h; after the reaction is finished, solid-liquid separation is carried out, reaction liquid and solid are recovered, the solid is washed for 5 times by water to remove non-dietary fiber components, and finally, a centrifugal machine is used for removing free liquid to obtain the purified fiber material.
(3) Deep delignification: putting the purified fiber material into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, injecting 8 times of alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution by mass, stirring and mixing uniformly, heating to 50 ℃, introducing compressed air, maintaining the reaction pressure at 0.2Mpa, and reacting for 5 hours; and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the delignified fiber, recovering the solid part, and repeatedly washing the solid part with clear water to obtain the soft delignified dietary fiber.
(4) Ultra-refining: grinding the delignified dietary fiber into pulp by using a colloid mill, wherein the particle size of fiber particles is less than or equal to 80 meshes, and then circulating for 2 times by using a homogenizer under the pressure of 50MPa to obtain stable delignified dietary fiber suspension.
(5) And (3) drying: and filtering and dehydrating the lignified dietary fiber suspension, and drying by a spray dryer to obtain the high-activity dietary fiber powder.
And (3) precipitating and recovering the protein and the starch from the reaction liquid recovered in the step (2) by adjusting the pH value to 3-5.
And (3) the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.4%, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.3%.
The preparation method of the high-activity dietary fiber powder can be applied to the preparation of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder by taking wheat bran as a raw material; can also be applied to the preparation of high-activity corn dietary fiber powder by taking corn bran as a raw material.
The enzymolysis rate of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder prepared by the preparation method of the high-activity dietary fiber powder is 75%, and the enzymolysis rate of the high-activity corn dietary fiber powder is 60%.
Example 2
A preparation method of high-activity dietary fiber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) heavy impurity removal: taking fresh, mildew-free and dry raw materials, adding clean water with the weight being 12 times that of the raw materials, slowly stirring and floating for 10 minutes, removing heavy impurities precipitated to the bottom of a container, and centrifugally dewatering to obtain a fiber material with the water content being less than 60%.
(2) Purifying: adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.2% into the fiber material after removing the heavy impurities until the weight ratio of the fiber material to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 12, heating to 55 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.2 h; after the reaction is finished, solid-liquid separation is carried out, reaction liquid and solid are recovered, the solid is washed for 5 times by water to remove non-dietary fiber components, and finally, a centrifugal machine is used for removing free liquid to obtain the purified fiber material.
(3) Deep delignification: putting the purified fiber material into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, injecting 9 times of alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution by mass, stirring and mixing uniformly, heating to 55 ℃, introducing compressed air, maintaining the reaction pressure at 1Mpa, and reacting for 5 hours; and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the delignified fiber, recovering the solid part, and repeatedly washing the solid part with clear water to obtain the soft delignified dietary fiber.
(4) Ultra-refining: grinding the delignified dietary fiber into pulp by using a colloid mill, wherein the particle size of fiber particles is less than or equal to 150 meshes, and then circulating for 2 times by using a homogenizer under the pressure of 80MPa to obtain stable delignified dietary fiber suspension.
(5) And (3) drying: dehydrating the lignified dietary fiber suspension by a centrifugal machine, and drying by a roller dryer to obtain the high-activity dietary fiber powder.
And (3) precipitating and recovering the protein and the starch from the reaction liquid recovered in the step (2) by adjusting the pH value to 3-5.
And (3) the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.6 percent, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.8 percent.
The preparation method of the high-activity dietary fiber powder can be applied to the preparation of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder by taking wheat bran as a raw material; can also be applied to the preparation of high-activity corn dietary fiber powder by taking corn bran as a raw material.
The enzymolysis rate of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder prepared by the preparation method of the high-activity dietary fiber powder is 85%, and the enzymolysis rate of the high-activity corn dietary fiber powder is 82%.
Example 3
A preparation method of high-activity dietary fiber powder comprises the following steps:
(1) heavy impurity removal: taking fresh, mildew-free and dry raw materials, adding clean water with the weight being 12 times that of the raw materials, slowly stirring and floating for 10 minutes, removing heavy impurities precipitated to the bottom of a container, and centrifugally dewatering to obtain a fiber material with the water content being less than 60%.
(2) Purifying, namely putting the heavily-mixed fiber material into clear water with the weight of 8 times, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-6.5, adding high-temperature α -amylase into the fiber material with the weight ratio of 1: 1000, heating the mixture to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature, slowly stirring the mixture for hydrolysis for 1.2 hours, cooling the mixture to 52 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.0, adding neutral protease into the mixture with the weight ratio of 1.5: 1000 of the enzyme to the fiber material, performing enzymolysis for 1 hour at the constant temperature of 50 ℃, dehydrating the fiber material, stirring and washing the fiber material twice with the clear water, and finally removing free liquid by using a centrifuge to obtain the purified fiber material.
(3) Deep delignification: putting the purified fiber material into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, injecting 9 times of alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution by mass, stirring and mixing uniformly, heating to 55 ℃, introducing compressed air, maintaining the reaction pressure at 1Mpa, and reacting for 5 hours; and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the delignified fiber, recovering the solid part, and repeatedly washing the solid part with clear water to obtain the soft delignified dietary fiber.
(4) Ultra-refining: grinding the delignified dietary fiber into pulp by using a colloid mill, wherein the particle size of fiber particles is less than or equal to 150 meshes, and then circulating for 2 times by using a homogenizer under the pressure of 80MPa to obtain stable delignified dietary fiber suspension.
(5) And (3) drying: dehydrating the lignified dietary fiber suspension by a centrifugal machine, and drying by a roller dryer to obtain the high-activity dietary fiber powder.
And (3) the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.6 percent, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.8 percent.
The preparation method of the high-activity dietary fiber powder can be applied to the preparation of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder by taking wheat bran as a raw material; can also be applied to the preparation of high-activity corn dietary fiber powder by taking corn bran as a raw material.
The enzymolysis rate of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder prepared by the preparation method of the high-activity dietary fiber powder is 84 percent, and the enzymolysis rate of the high-activity corn dietary fiber powder is 80 percent; the enzymolysis rate of the purified wheat fiber obtained after the treatment of the steps (1) and (2) is 25%, and the enzymolysis rate of the corn fiber is 21%.
The method for determining the enzymolysis rate comprises the following steps:
accurately weighing 2g of a sample, adding 100ml of 0.1mol/L citric acid-trisodium citrate buffer solution (pH 4.8-5.0), adding 1ml of cellulase (containing high-activity hemicellulase), shaking uniformly, placing in a 50 ℃ water bath for enzymolysis for 24h, taking out, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, placing in a triangular flask for preservation, adding 50ml of buffer solution and 1ml of cellulase to the lower-layer precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 24h in the 50 ℃ water bath, performing centrifugal separation again, washing the centrifugal precipitate for 5 times by using pure water, transferring into a glass surface dish with the weighed mass of M1, drying in an oven at 85 ℃ to constant weight, taking out, and weighing the weight of the centrifugal precipitate as M2. The weight of the enzymolysis residue W = M2-M1.
The enzymolysis rate calculation formula is as follows: a =1-W/2
In the formula: a-the enzymolysis rate of the sample, the unit is gram per hundred grams (g/100 g); w represents the weight of the enzymolysis residue in grams.
The preparation method of the invention can destroy the original physical structure of the wheat bran or the corn bran, form a new fluffy structure, increase the specific surface area, further improve the enzymolysis rate of the wheat bran or the corn bran and obtain better taste. The scanning electron microscope picture of the wheat bran is shown in figure 1, the scanning electron microscope picture of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder is shown in figure 2, and the scanning electron microscope picture shows that the flaky structure of the wheat bran is obvious and the structure is compact, and after the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder is prepared by the preparation method, the original flaky structure of the wheat bran is obviously destroyed, and the novel irregular flaky fiber grains with fine fluffy structures are formed.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the preparation method of the invention, the applicant also carried out the following tests and comparisons on the wheat bran subjected to the heavy impurity removal in the step (1) and the starch and protein removal in the step (2) of the preparation method of the invention and the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder of the example 1:
1. and (3) detecting the content of lignin:
(1) sample preparation: wheat bran and high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder.
(2) The detection method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing 10g of sample, placing the sample into a conical flask with a plug, adding 30mL of 75% sulfuric acid, reacting for 2h at 25 ℃, hydrolyzing fiber components into polysaccharide or monosaccharide, then adding water to dilute until the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 3%, boiling and refluxing for 4h, further hydrolyzing the polysaccharide into monosaccharide, standing and filtering, washing to neutrality, then moving the filter paper and residues into a drying oven, drying at 105 ℃ to constant weight, and weighing lignin independently to obtain the weight of the lignin as w. Lignin content = w/10 (10 is sample mass).
(3) And (3) detection results: the lignin content of the wheat bran is 15.6 percent through detection, and the lignin content of the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder is 5.3 percent. Therefore, the preparation method can effectively remove the lignin component in the wheat bran.
2. And (3) determining the water holding capacity of the enzymolysis residues:
(1) sample preparation: constipation relieving prescription medicine of nonpyristate bran, wheat bran and high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder
(2) The determination method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing 5g of sample, adding 100ml of 0.1mol/L citric acid-trisodium citrate buffer solution (pH 4.8-5.0), adding 1ml of cellulase (containing high-activity hemicellulase), shaking uniformly, placing in a 48 ℃ water bath for enzymolysis for 24h, taking out, centrifuging, taking the supernatant, placing in a triangular flask for preservation, adding 50ml of buffer solution and 1ml of cellulase to the lower-layer precipitate, performing enzymolysis for 24h in the 48 ℃ water bath, performing centrifugal separation again, washing the centrifugal precipitate with pure water for 5 times, uniformly mixing the last time with water, pouring residues and water into a filter paper funnel for filtration, transferring all dietary fiber residues combined with water into a weighed surface dish after water is dripped to dryness, weighing the weighed surface dish as W1, wherein the weight of the surface dish is W. After weighing, the dish was placed in an oven at 80 ℃ and dried to constant weight, and the dried dish was weighed with a weight of W2. The water holding capacity of the enzymatic hydrolysis residue A = (W1-W2)/(W2-W).
(3) And (3) measuring results: as shown in figure 3, the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder enzymolysis residues belong to non-fermentable fiber residues, have excellent water holding capacity of 20-25g (water)/g, and are more than 3 times higher than wheat bran. Compared with the laxative prescription, the nonpareil bran has better laxative effect.
3. Rat fecal water retention test:
(1) the basal diet was prepared according to the composition of the adult rodent maintenance diet AIN-93M, and the original fiber in AIN-93M was replaced with the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder of the present invention and commercially available wheat bran (about 80% in the content of the commercially available wheat bran fiber, so the amount of wheat bran was 6.25%, while the amount of corn starch was correspondingly reduced by 1.25%, so that the group of diet fiber was maintained at 5% and the energy balance between groups was maintained) in an amount of 5% (w/w), as shown in Table 1.
(2) Experimental rats weighing 270.5 + -14.9 g initially were divided evenly into two groups of 10 rats each. Two groups of rats are respectively fed with AIN-93M feed containing high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder and AIN-93M feed containing commercially available wheat bran, and after feeding for 10 days, feces are taken out to detect the water content.
(3) And (3) test results: the average moisture content of the feces of rats fed with the AIN-93M feed group containing the commercially available wheat bran (58.05 +/-5.32)%, and the average moisture content of the feces of rats fed with the AIN-93M feed group containing the highly active wheat bran dietary fiber powder (70.52 +/-6.13)%. Therefore, the high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder can improve the water retention rate of excrement and has an obvious constipation relieving effect.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of high-activity dietary fiber powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) heavy impurity removal: taking fresh, mildew-free and dry raw materials, adding clear water with the weight of 10-15 times, slowly stirring, floating and removing heavy impurities precipitated to the bottom of a container, and centrifugally dewatering to obtain a fiber material with the water content of less than 60%;
(2) purifying: adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.1-0.3% into the fiber material after removing the heavy impurities until the weight ratio of the fiber material to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 8-15, heating to 50-60 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-2 h; after the reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, recovering reaction liquid and solid, washing the solid for 4-6 times by using water to remove non-dietary fiber components, and finally removing free liquid by using a centrifugal machine to obtain a purified fiber material;
(3) deep delignification: putting the purified fiber material into a reaction kettle with a stirring device, injecting alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass of 8-10 times, stirring and mixing uniformly, heating to 50-60 ℃, introducing compressed air, keeping the reaction pressure at more than 0.1MPa, and reacting for 4-6 h; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the delignified fibers, recovering the solid part, and repeatedly washing the solid part with clear water to obtain soft delignified dietary fibers;
(4) ultra-refining: grinding the delignified dietary fiber into pulp by using a colloid mill, and carrying out ultrahigh pressure homogenization and ultramicro refinement treatment under the pressure of 30-100MPa to obtain stable delignified dietary fiber suspension;
(5) and (3) drying: dehydrating and drying the lignified dietary fiber suspension to obtain the high-activity dietary fiber powder.
2. The method for preparing high-activity dietary fiber powder according to claim 1, wherein the purification in step (2) can be performed by an enzymatic hydrolysis method, and the specific steps are as follows:
adding the heavily-mixed fiber material into 5-7 times of clear water by weight, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-6.5, adding α -amylase at a high temperature in a weight ratio of 1: 1000 of the enzyme to the fiber material, heating to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature, slowly stirring and hydrolyzing for 1-1.5 hours, cooling to 52 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.0, adding neutral protease in a weight ratio of 1-2: 1000 of the enzyme to the fiber material, performing enzymolysis for 1 hour at a constant temperature of 48-52 ℃, dehydrating the fiber material, stirring and washing with clear water twice, and finally removing free liquid by using a centrifugal machine to obtain the purified fiber material.
3. The method for preparing a highly active dietary fiber powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction liquid recovered in step (2) is subjected to precipitation recovery of protein and starch by adjusting pH to 3 to 5.
4. The method for preparing a highly active dietary fiber powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution of step (3) is 0.1-1% and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.3-3%.
5. The method for preparing high-activity dietary fiber powder according to claim 1, wherein the enzymolysis rate of the obtained high-activity dietary fiber powder is 60-85%.
6. The method for preparing high-activity dietary fiber powder according to claims 1, 2, 4 and 5, which is applied to the preparation of high-activity wheat bran dietary fiber powder by using wheat bran as a raw material.
7. The method for preparing high-activity dietary fiber powder according to claims 1, 2, 4 and 5, which is applied to preparing high-activity corn dietary fiber powder by using corn bran as a raw material.
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