CN111194926A - Corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with bowel relaxing function and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with bowel relaxing function and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111194926A CN111194926A CN202010152140.6A CN202010152140A CN111194926A CN 111194926 A CN111194926 A CN 111194926A CN 202010152140 A CN202010152140 A CN 202010152140A CN 111194926 A CN111194926 A CN 111194926A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with the function of relaxing bowel and a preparation method thereof. The corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder has excellent water holding capacity and swelling property, and has the function of relaxing bowels by increasing the volume of excrement and softening the excrement so that the excrement is easy to discharge. The preparation method comprises the steps of heating and degassing corn husks subjected to starch and protein removal by steam, soaking in cold alkali liquor to enable the alkali liquor to be absorbed into the corn husks at one time, hydrolyzing xylan in the corn husks under a steam condition and storing the xylan in the corn husks, fully protecting the hemicellulose of the corn husks, effectively reducing the dissolution loss, improving the yield of total fibers of products, and simultaneously, properly depolymerizing lignin components under the steam condition to increase the content of water-retaining colloidal lignin in the products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional fiber processing, in particular to corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with the function of relaxing bowel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Constipation means that the stool frequency of the patient is reduced, and the stool is dry and hard to be discharged. The incidence of constipation is common, and besides directly causing discomfort or pain to patients, the feces are retained in the intestinal tract for a long time, and harmful substances are absorbed, so that other diseases are induced. The constipation relieving medicine is an important means for treating constipation at present, and the medicines for treating constipation at present comprise purgative, prokinetic medicines, secretion promoting agents and the like, such as glycerol, magnesium sulfate, paraffin and the like, however, the use of the medicines can change the nervous irritability of the intestinal tract, and the medicines can form dependence on the medicines after long-term use, and even the intestinal tract can lose the functions of normal digestion and defecation and the like.
Although too low fiber intake is considered to be an important cause of induction of constipation, and increasing fiber intake level is considered to be a feasible means for improving constipation, the results of evidence-based analysis suggest that: an adult ingests more than 25 g/day dietary fiber from food to significantly relieve constipation. However, the intake of dietary fiber in the polished rice and white flour dietary pattern is difficult to reach the standard, and even if two natural fibers, namely wheat bran and psyllium seed husk, which are generally recognized to have the best constipation relieving effect, are supplemented, the actual constipation relieving effect still has no practical value. How to improve the laxative effect of natural fibers becomes a research direction of general attention. Because the dietary fiber has a series of health benefits such as improving the intestinal flora besides the potential laxative effect, which is incomparable with any other laxative drugs.
The dietary fiber is mainly derived from plant cell walls which are not digestible in food and mainly comprises three major components of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The purified cellulose does not have a laxative function, and double-blind experimental studies on the laxative effect of the dietary fibers also prove that the laxative effect of the microbial fermentable dietary fibers is not different from that of placebo, and the hemicellulose in visible cell walls cannot have a remarkable laxative effect. Therefore, the laxative function of high dietary fiber foods can only come from lignin which cannot be utilized by intestinal microorganisms. Obviously, lignin, which is difficult to be utilized by microorganisms, is the only component, other than cellulose, which can be continuously present in feces, has a feces volume filling function, and exerts a bowel relaxing function.
Cereal bran is the material with the highest degree of lignification, i.e. the highest lignin content, in human food. Corn is one of three major food crops in China, the planting area and the total yield of the corn are the second place, and the corn processing industry occupies a large proportion in national economy. The corn bran, which accounts for 15 percent of the weight of the dry corn kernel, is the cereal bran with the highest lignin content, and has no feed value for non-herbivores except the application as feed for ruminants. Human intestinal microorganisms almost completely cannot utilize natural corn husks, and some animal experiments prove that the corn husks have a certain excrement volume filling effect, but no reports related to development and utilization of the corn husks as laxative fibers are found. Some research works on the development and utilization of corn dietary fiber do not specify whether corn bran has the function of improving constipation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with the function of relaxing bowel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method fully protects the hemicellulose of the corn bran, effectively reduces the dissolution loss, improves the yield of the total fiber of the product, and increases the content of the water-retaining colloidal lignin in the product.
A superfine corn bran dietary fiber powder with the function of relaxing bowels is prepared from corn bran as a raw material through the steps of starch and protein removal, degassing and alkali immersion, vapor depolymerization, washing, superfine refining and drying, has excellent water holding capacity and swelling property, and has the function of relaxing bowels by increasing the volume of excrement and softening the excrement to be easily discharged.
A preparation method of corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with the function of relaxing bowel comprises the following steps:
(1) starch and protein removal: adding fresh and mildew-free corn bran into 5-7 times of clear water, adding neutral protease, performing enzymolysis at 48-52 deg.C for 0.5-3 hr, filtering, centrifuging to remove starch and protein, washing solid residue with clear water twice, filtering, centrifuging to remove free water, and oven drying to obtain dried purified corn bran.
(2) Degassing and alkali leaching: heating the dried purified corn bran to the temperature of 100-; taking out the corn bran after the pressure is reduced, putting the corn bran into cold alkali liquor with the volume which is 3-4 times of the weight of the dry materials while the corn bran is hot, stirring the mixture evenly, and standing the mixture for 10-20 min.
(3) And (3) vapor depolymerization: the corn husks which absorb enough alkali liquor are immediately heated to 110-120 ℃ by steam, and the temperature is kept for depolymerization for 10-60 min.
(4) Washing: taking out the material after the vapor depolymerization, adding dilute acid to neutralize the material to be neutral, and then fully rinsing the material by clear water.
(5) Ultra-refining: milling the cleaned material with colloid mill, homogenizing under 30-100MPa, and micronizing to obtain stable suspension.
(6) And (3) drying: dehydrating and drying the superfine particle suspension to obtain the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder.
The dosage of the neutral protease in the step (1) is 0.5-3.0% of the weight of the dried corn bran.
And (3) the cold alkali liquor in the step (2) is a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.2-5%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
while natural lignin in plant cell walls is a water-insoluble polymer, ether bonds and ester bonds present in lignin are easily hydrolyzed by alkali to be depolymerized. In the traditional research of preparing dietary fiber by treating corn bran with liquid alkali, excessive alkali liquor is added to soak corn bran to hydrolyze the corn bran from outside to inside, but people do not notice that the alkali liquor soaked into the corn bran material is the effective alkali participating in the reaction, and as long as the effective alkali entering the material is enough, the alkali is not required to be continuously supplemented by free alkali in the liquid. According to the invention, the corn bran subjected to starch and protein removal is subjected to steam heating and degassing, then the softened corn bran is put into cold alkali liquor while the corn bran is hot, the interior of corn bran material particles is heated to form negative pressure, peripheral alkali liquor is quickly absorbed into the material, and the uniform balance is achieved, so that the corn bran can absorb enough alkali liquor at one time, and the free alkali liquor can be cancelled when the effective alkali entering the material is enough, therefore, after the alkali leaching is finished, the exterior of the corn bran particles basically has no redundant free alkali, the consumption of the alkali liquor and the heating energy consumption are greatly saved, and the burden of environmental protection treatment is lightened.
Lignin with a suitable degree of depolymerization forms aggregates in aqueous solution, on the surface of which abundant hydrophilic groups are distributed, exhibiting typical colloidal properties, so-called colloidal lignin. The colloidal lignin has strong water-holding property, effectively improves the content of the colloidal lignin in the dietary fiber, and is obviously a reliable means for improving the water content of the excrement and softening the excrement. In the preparation method of the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder, firstly, corn bran subjected to starch and protein removal is heated and degassed by steam, then, the corn bran is soaked in cold alkali liquor to enable the alkali liquor to be absorbed into the corn bran, the corn bran absorbing the alkali liquor is immediately heated to 110-120 ℃ by the steam, under the alkaline heating condition, xylan molecules in the corn bran are subjected to acetyl-removing branched chain reaction, ester bonds connected with lignin are hydrolyzed, and free xylan (hemicellulose) soluble in the alkali liquor is formed and is retained in corn bran particle cells. The free xylan (hemicellulose) is retained in the corn bran granular cells, so that the loss in the subsequent processing process can be reduced, and the enzymolysis rate of the dietary fiber is improved. At the same time, alkaline hydrolysis of ether bonds and ester bonds occurs in the lignin molecule, and depolymerization to alkali-soluble lignin of low molecular weight occurs. Before the materials are washed by clear water after the reaction is finished, most of the alkali in the reaction is consumed, the alkali-soluble lignin is completely converted into colloidal lignin along with the addition of diluted acid for neutralization to neutrality, and then in the process of washing by non-alkali water, because target products are all insoluble, the dissolution loss is effectively reduced, the yield of the total fiber of the products is improved, and the content of the water-retaining colloidal lignin in the products is also increased.
Therefore, the invention depolymerizes the macromolecular lignin into the colloidal lignin in a proper way while protecting the hemicellulose in the natural bran to obtain the corn bran dietary fiber submicron powder with excellent laxative effect, and the corn bran dietary fiber submicron powder can achieve double health functions of improving the intestinal flora structure and improving the laxative effect. In the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder prepared by the invention, more than 70 percent of corn bran dietary fiber part in weight can be subjected to enzymolysis and saccharification, the fermentation and utilization of intestinal microbial flora can be effectively supported, the non-enzymolysis part (enzymolysis residues) shows excellent swelling property and extremely high water holding capacity, and the human trial and animal experiments show strong excrement water retention function and defecation effect, which cannot be realized by the corn dietary fiber obtained by the traditional liquid alkali treatment method.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an HPLC chromatogram of a mixed standard, with the peak numbers corresponding to the standards: 1-mannose, 2-glucuronic acid, 3-galacturonic acid, 4-glucose, 5-galactose, 6-xylose, 7-arabinose;
FIG. 2 is an HPLC chromatogram of the corn bran dietary fiber ultra-fine powder, wherein the peak numbers and corresponding components in the chromatogram are as follows: 1-galacturonic acid, 2-glucose, 3-galactose, 4-xylose, 5-arabinose;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the water content of rat rectal feces with non-beta bran and corn bran dietary fiber ultra-fine powder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A superfine corn bran dietary fiber powder with the function of relaxing bowels is prepared from corn bran as a raw material through the steps of starch and protein removal, degassing and alkali immersion, vapor depolymerization, washing, superfine refining and drying, has excellent water holding capacity and swelling property, and has the function of relaxing bowels by increasing the volume of excrement and softening the excrement to be easily discharged.
A preparation method of corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with the function of relaxing bowel comprises the following steps:
(1) starch and protein removal: adding fresh and mildew-free corn bran into 5 times of clear water, adding neutral protease, performing enzymolysis at 52 deg.C for 0.5h, filtering, centrifuging to remove starch and protein, washing solid residue with clear water twice, filtering, centrifuging to remove free water, and oven drying to obtain dried purified corn bran.
(2) Degassing and alkali leaching: heating the dried purified corn bran to 120 ℃ by using steam, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 8min to soften the tissue structure and remove the air in the material; taking out the corn husks after the pressure is reduced, putting the corn husks into cold alkali liquor with the volume equivalent to 3 times of the weight of the dry materials while the corn husks are hot, stirring the mixture evenly, and standing the mixture for 10 min.
(3) And (3) vapor depolymerization: the corn bran absorbed with alkali liquor is immediately heated to 120 ℃ by steam, and the temperature is kept for depolymerization for 10 min.
(4) Washing: taking out the material after the vapor depolymerization, adding dilute acid to neutralize the material to be neutral, and then fully rinsing the material by clear water.
(5) Ultra-refining: milling the washed material by a colloid mill, and carrying out ultrahigh pressure homogenization and ultramicro-refinement treatment under the pressure of 100MPa to obtain stable ultrafine particle suspension, wherein the particle size of the ultrafine particles is between 100-1000 meshes.
(6) And (3) drying: dehydrating and drying the superfine particle suspension to obtain the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder.
The amount of the neutral protease in the step (1) is 3.0 percent of the weight of the dried corn bran.
And (3) the cold alkali liquor in the step (2) is a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5%.
Example 2
A superfine corn bran dietary fiber powder with the function of relaxing bowels is prepared from corn bran as a raw material through the steps of starch and protein removal, degassing and alkali immersion, vapor depolymerization, washing, superfine refining and drying, has excellent water holding capacity and swelling property, and has the function of relaxing bowels by increasing the volume of excrement and softening the excrement to be easily discharged.
A preparation method of corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with the function of relaxing bowel comprises the following steps:
(1) starch and protein removal: adding fresh and mildew-free corn bran into clear water with the weight 6 times that of the fresh and mildew-free corn bran, adding neutral protease, performing enzymolysis for 3 hours at 50 ℃, filtering, centrifuging to remove starch and protein, washing solid residues twice with clear water, filtering, centrifuging to remove free water, and drying to obtain the dried purified corn bran.
(2) Degassing and alkali leaching: heating the dried purified corn bran to 110 ℃ by using steam, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 10min to soften the tissue structure and remove the air in the material; taking out the corn husks after the pressure is reduced, putting the corn husks into cold alkali liquor with the volume equivalent to 3.5 times of the weight of the dry materials while the corn husks are hot, stirring uniformly, and standing for 15 min.
(3) And (3) vapor depolymerization: the corn bran absorbed with alkali liquor is immediately heated to 115 ℃ by steam, and is depolymerized for 35min under the condition of heat preservation.
(4) Washing: taking out the material after the vapor depolymerization, adding dilute acid to neutralize the material to be neutral, and then fully rinsing the material by clear water.
(5) Ultra-refining: milling the washed material by a colloid mill, and carrying out ultrahigh pressure homogenization and ultramicro-refinement treatment under the pressure of 65MPa to obtain stable ultrafine particle suspension, wherein the particle size of the ultrafine particles is between 100-1000 meshes.
(6) And (3) drying: dehydrating and drying the superfine particle suspension to obtain the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder.
The amount of the neutral protease in the step (1) is 2% of the weight of the dried corn bran.
And (3) the cold alkali liquor in the step (2) is a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2.6%.
Example 3
A superfine corn bran dietary fiber powder with the function of relaxing bowels is prepared from corn bran as a raw material through the steps of starch and protein removal, degassing and alkali immersion, vapor depolymerization, washing, superfine refining and drying, has excellent water holding capacity and swelling property, and has the function of relaxing bowels by increasing the volume of excrement and softening the excrement to be easily discharged.
A preparation method of corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with the function of relaxing bowel comprises the following steps:
(1) starch and protein removal: adding fresh and mildew-free corn bran into clear water with the weight 7 times that of the fresh and mildew-free corn bran, adding neutral protease, performing enzymolysis for 2 hours at 48 ℃, filtering, centrifuging to remove starch and protein, washing solid residues twice with clear water, filtering, centrifuging to remove free water, and drying to obtain the dried purified corn bran.
(2) Degassing and alkali leaching: heating the dried purified corn bran to 100 ℃ by using steam, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 12min to soften the tissue structure and remove the air in the material; taking out the corn husks after the pressure is reduced, putting the corn husks into cold alkali liquor with the volume being 4 times of the weight of the dry materials while the corn husks are hot, stirring the mixture evenly, and standing the mixture for 20 min.
(3) And (3) vapor depolymerization: the corn bran absorbed with the alkali liquor is immediately heated to 110 ℃ by steam, and the temperature is kept for depolymerization for 60 min.
(4) Washing: taking out the material after the vapor depolymerization, adding dilute acid to neutralize the material to be neutral, and then fully rinsing the material by clear water.
(5) Ultra-refining: milling the washed material by a colloid mill, and carrying out homogenization and ultramicro-refinement treatment under the pressure of 30MPa to obtain stable ultrafine particle suspension, wherein the particle size of the ultrafine particles is between 100-1000 meshes.
(6) And (3) drying: dehydrating and drying the superfine particle suspension to obtain the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder.
The amount of the neutral protease in the step (1) is 0.5 percent of the weight of the dried corn bran.
And (3) the cold alkali liquor in the step (2) is a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.2%.
In order to verify the function of the corn bran dietary fiber ultrafine powder with the effect of relaxing bowel, the applicant performs the following tests by taking the corn bran dietary fiber ultrafine powder prepared in example 2 as a sample:
1. the hemicellulose chemical component composition of the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder is detected by the following method:
performing superfine powder acid hydrolysis on the corn bran dietary fibers: accurately weighing 1.000g of corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder, putting into a triangular flask, and adding 10mL of 1% H2SO4(w/w), mixing, putting into an autoclave, hydrolyzing at 121 ℃ for 1h, taking out, cooling, centrifuging at 4000rpm, taking supernatant, and pouring into a 500mL volumetric flask. After washing the precipitate with pure water, the precipitate was centrifuged at 4000rpm, and the supernatant was taken and put into a 500mL volumetric flask. The washing of the pellet was repeated three times. And adding 10% NaOH solution into the volumetric flask to neutralize to be neutral, and then using pure water to fix the volume to be 500mL to obtain diluted sample hydrolysate.
Preparing a mixed standard solution: accurately weighing 0.020g of each standard substance of mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose which are dried to constant weight respectively into the same volumetric flask, and fixing the volume to 100mL by using pure water to obtain mixed standard substance solutions with the concentration of each standard substance being 0.20g/L respectively.
Derivatization: respectively taking 200 mu L of the mixed standard solution and diluted sample hydrolysate into a glass tube with a plug, adding 200 mu L of 0.5mol/L PMP (1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone) methanol solution and 200 mu L of 0.3 mol/L NaOH solution, uniformly mixing, and placing in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 70 ℃ for reaction for 70 min. Taking out, cooling to room temperature, adding 200 mu L of 0.3 mol/L HCl solution to neutralize until the pH value is 7, adding pure water until the volume is 1mL, adding 2mL of trichloromethane, carrying out vortex mixing, removing an organic phase, and repeatedly extracting for 3 times. The obtained aqueous phase was passed through a 0.22 μm microfiltration membrane and subjected to HPLC analysis.
HPLC chromatographic conditions: shimadzu liquid LC-2030C 3D, chromatographic column ZORBAX SB C-18 column 4.6 × 250 mm; the column temperature is 30 ℃; the flow rate is 0.7 mL/min; the mobile phase A is 0.1mol/L K2HPO4-KH2PO4Buffer (pH = 6.7), mobile phase B acetonitrile, gradient elution, time gradient 0min →28min → 38min → 60min, corresponding concentration gradient 15% → 15% → 19% → 19% (mobile phase B); the ultraviolet detection wavelength is 250nm, and the sample injection volume is 10 muL.
HPLC analysis results:
the HPLC chromatogram of the mixed standard substance and the corn bran dietary fiber ultra-fine powder detection sample is shown in the figure 1-2.
The detection result shows that: the ratio of xylose to arabinose in the corn bran dietary fiber superfine hemicellulose powder is 1.63: 1, the hemicellulose is fully retained in the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder, and the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder has high fermentability.
2. The enzymolysis rates of cellulose and xylan in the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder and the water holding capacity and swelling capacity of enzymolysis residues are detected, and the corn bran dietary fiber prepared by using laxative medicaments (wheat fiber particles) purchased from drugstores and corn bran treated by traditional liquid alkali is used as a reference.
The corn bran dietary fiber is prepared by the following method: adding fresh and mildew-free corn bran into clear water with the weight 6 times that of the corn bran, adding neutral protease with the weight 2% of that of the corn bran, carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at 50 ℃, filtering, centrifuging to remove starch and protein, washing solid residues twice with clear water, filtering, centrifuging to remove free water, drying, adding NaOH solution with the weight 50 times that of the corn bran and the pH value of 10, treating for 2 hours at 90 ℃, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, discarding supernatant, washing precipitates to be neutral (the pH value is 7) with pure water, carrying out vacuum drying, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the corn bran dietary fiber.
The cellulose enzymolysis rate is as follows: accurately weighing 2g of a sample, adding 100mL of 0.1mol/L citric acid-trisodium citrate buffer solution (pH 4.6), adding 1mL of cellulase solution, shaking uniformly, placing in a 50 ℃ water bath kettle, shaking for 24h, taking out, centrifuging at 4000rpm, placing a supernatant in a 250mL volumetric flask, adding 50mL of pure water into enzymolysis residues, washing, centrifuging at 4000rpm, pouring the supernatant into the volumetric flask, repeatedly washing twice, and finally fixing the volume by using the pure water in the volumetric flask. The enzymolysis residue is frozen and dried to remain the swelling property and the water holding capacity for measurement.
And (3) xylan enzymolysis rate: accurately weighing 2.000g of sample, adding 100mL of 0.1mol/L citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution (pH 4.8), adding 1mL of xylanase solution, uniformly mixing, placing in a 48 ℃ water bath, shaking for 24h, taking out, centrifuging at 4000rpm, taking supernatant, adding 50mL of buffer solution and 1mL of xylanase solution into enzymolysis residues, uniformly mixing, placing in a 48 ℃ water bath, shaking for 24h, taking out, centrifuging at 4000rpm, taking supernatant, and placing supernatant obtained by twice centrifuging in a 250mL volumetric flask. Adding 30mL of pure water into the enzymolysis residues for cleaning, centrifuging at 4000rpm, pouring the supernatant into a volumetric flask, repeatedly cleaning twice, and finally fixing the volume of the volumetric flask by using the pure water. The enzymolysis residue is frozen and dried to remain the swelling property and the water holding capacity for measurement.
And (3) detecting reducing sugar in the enzymatic hydrolysate by using a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method (DNS method). The enzymolysis rate is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: e-enzymatic hydrolysis (%); m is1-the amount of reducing sugars, in grams (g); m is2-sample oven dry weight in grams (g) alone; 0.9-conversion factor of monosaccharide to glycan.
And (3) detection results:
the enzymolysis rates of hemicellulose and cellulose of the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder prepared by the process are obviously higher than those of nonpyrisic bran and corn bran dietary fiber, the enzymolysis rates of hemicellulose (xylan) are respectively 1.4 times of nonpyrisic bran and 1.2 times of corn bran dietary fiber, and the enzymolysis rates of cellulose are respectively 5.3 times of nonpyrisic bran and 3.7 times of corn bran dietary fiber, so that the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder prepared by the method well keeps physiological functional parts of the hemicellulose and the cellulose in the raw materials, and the cellulase enzymolysis rate of the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder is higher than that of xylan, so that part of the cellulose in the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder can be subjected to enzymolysis and can be fermented by intestinal microorganisms, which is not possessed by the nonpyrisic bran and the corn bran dietary fiber prepared by the traditional method.
The water retention capacity of the enzymolysis residues: accurately weighing 1.000g of the freeze-dried enzymolysis residues, placing the weighed residues in a centrifuge tube, adding 50mL of pure water, fully and uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature at 37 ℃, standing for 24h, taking out the mixture, centrifuging the mixture at 500rpm for 3min, discarding the supernatant, inverting the centrifuge tube for 5min, sucking residual water on the wall of the centrifuge tube by using filter paper, weighing, and calculating the water holding capacity according to the following formula.
In the formula: c-water holding capacity (g/g); m is1-sample wet weight in grams (g); m is2Sample oven dry weight in grams (g).
Swelling property of enzymolysis residue: accurately weighing 2.000g of the enzymolysis residues after freeze drying, placing the enzymolysis residues in a 100mL measuring cylinder, reading the volume, adding 80mL of pure water, uniformly mixing the mixture by oscillation, keeping the temperature at 37 ℃, standing the mixture for 24 hours, taking the mixture out, reading the volume of a sample in the liquid, and calculating the swelling property according to the following formula.
In the formula: r-swellability (mL/g); v1-post-swelling volume in milliliters (mL); v2Pre-swelling volume, in milliliters (mL) alone; m-sample oven dry weight in grams (g).
The experimental result shows that the water holding capacity of the cellulose enzymolysis residues and the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder is 1.6 times of that of non-specific bran and 2.5 times of that of the corn bran dietary fiber respectively, and the corresponding swelling properties are 13.9 times and 4.6 times respectively; the water holding capacity of the xylan enzymolysis residues and the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder is 1.4 times of that of nonpareil bran and 1.9 times of that of corn bran dietary fiber respectively, and the corresponding swelling property is 10.0 times and 3.0 times; the superfine corn bran dietary fiber powder has high swelling property, can increase the volume of excrement, has high water holding capacity, can keep moisture in the excrement so as to soften the excrement and facilitate discharge, and has better constipation improving effect than nonparable bran and corn bran dietary fiber.
3. In order to prove the effect of the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder on treating constipation, the following rat experiments are carried out:
(1) basal diet was formulated to maintain the composition of feed AIN-93M for adult rodents, replacing the original fiber in AIN-93M with the ultra-fine corn bran dietary fiber powder of the present invention and non-specific bran at 5% addition (w/w), respectively, as shown in table 5.
(2) Experimental rats with an initial body weight of 200.5 + -10.2 g were evenly divided into two groups of 10 rats each. Feeding AIN-93M feed containing corn bran dietary fiber ultra-fine powder and AIN-93M feed containing non-specific bran to two groups of rats respectively, freely taking and feeding for 7 days, taking rectal feces, drying to constant weight, and calculating water content according to the following formula:
the water content of the excrement is calculated by the formula: t = (M-M)/M × 100%
In the formula: t-moisture content (%) of feces; m is the dry weight of feces in grams (g); m-wet stool weight in grams (g).
(3) And (3) test results: the moisture content of the rat excrement fed with the AIN-93M feed containing the corn bran dietary fiber ultra-fine powder reaches over 67 percent, and is obviously higher than that of the AIN-93M feed containing the abiotic bran (see figure 3), and the improvement of the moisture content of the excrement is the primary mechanism for improving constipation, so that the effect of improving the constipation by the corn bran dietary fiber ultra-fine powder is better than that of the abiotic bran.
4. In order to verify the function of the corn bran dietary fiber ultrafine powder on the human body for relaxing bowels, the applicant also finds some volunteers for testing, wherein two typical cases are as follows:
case 1
If a certain plum is male and the male is 64 years old, constipation can be caused by long-term dependence on the medicament for defecation, and the patient can not automatically defecate without taking the medicament for defecation, so the patient is seriously constipated. After 11 and 12 months in 2019, the patient takes the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder prepared by the invention 10g per day by mixing with boiled water twice in the morning/evening. After the medicine is taken for two days, namely 48 hours, the patient can independently defecate, and the defecate is strip-shaped, does not dry and is large in size and smooth. After the patients continuously take the corn bran dietary fiber submicron powder for 20 days, the patients can still independently defecate after stopping taking the corn bran dietary fiber submicron powder, and the defecation state is the same as that during taking the corn bran dietary fiber submicron powder. Obviously, the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder has quick response and good effect persistence on constipation improvement.
Case 2
Some Zhao, women, age 53, constipation, defecation dependent on enema, and inability to defecate autonomously is a severe constipation patient. After 11 and 20 months in 2019, the patient takes the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder prepared by the invention 10g per day by twice in the morning/evening with boiled water. After the medicine is taken for two days, namely 48 hours, the patient can independently defecate, and the defecate is strip-shaped, does not dry and is large in size and smooth. The corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder has a remarkable effect of improving constipation.
Claims (4)
1. The corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder is prepared by taking corn bran as a raw material and performing steps of starch and protein removal, degassing and alkali leaching, vapor depolymerization, washing, superfine refining and drying, has excellent water holding capacity and swelling property, and has the function of relaxing the bowels by increasing the volume of excrement and softening the excrement so that the excrement is easy to discharge.
2. A preparation method of corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder with the function of relaxing bowel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) starch and protein removal: adding fresh and mildew-free corn bran into 5-7 times of clear water, adding neutral protease, performing enzymolysis at 48-52 deg.C for 0.5-3 hr, filtering, centrifuging to remove starch and protein, washing solid residue with clear water twice, filtering, centrifuging to remove free water, and oven drying to obtain dried purified corn bran;
(2) degassing and alkali leaching: heating the dried purified corn bran to the temperature of 100-; taking out corn bran after the pressure is reduced, putting the corn bran into cold alkali liquor with the volume which is 3-4 times of the weight of the dry materials while the corn bran is hot, uniformly stirring, and standing for 10-20 min;
(3) and (3) vapor depolymerization: the corn husks which absorb enough alkali liquor are immediately heated to 110-120 ℃ by steam, and the temperature is kept for depolymerization for 10-60 min;
(4) washing: taking out the material subjected to the vaporous depolymerization, adding dilute acid to neutralize the material to be neutral, and then fully rinsing the material by using clean water;
(5) ultra-refining: milling the cleaned material with a colloid mill, and homogenizing and micronizing under 30-100MPa to obtain stable superfine suspension;
(6) and (3) drying: dehydrating and drying the superfine particle suspension to obtain the corn bran dietary fiber superfine powder.
3. The preparation method of the submicron powder of the corn bran dietary fiber with the function of relaxing bowel according to claim 2, characterized in that the dosage of the neutral protease in the step (1) is 0.5-3.0% of the weight of the dried corn bran.
4. The preparation method of the corn bran dietary fiber submicron powder with the function of relaxing bowel according to claim 2, characterized in that the cold alkali solution in the step (2) is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 0.2-5%.
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| CN111194926B (en) | 2023-04-07 |
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