CN111174915A - Non-contact molten pool temperature measuring system and measuring method for powder-laying type laser additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Non-contact molten pool temperature measuring system and measuring method for powder-laying type laser additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111174915A CN111174915A CN201811329424.7A CN201811329424A CN111174915A CN 111174915 A CN111174915 A CN 111174915A CN 201811329424 A CN201811329424 A CN 201811329424A CN 111174915 A CN111174915 A CN 111174915A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0044—Furnaces, ovens, kilns
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact molten pool temperature measuring system and a non-contact molten pool temperature measuring method for powder-spreading type laser additive manufacturing, and belongs to the technical field of powder-spreading type additive manufacturing. A reflector, a filter and the like are designed in the existing laser powder-spreading type additive manufacturing optical path system, and an infrared thermometer is adopted to capture infrared beams transmitted to the optical path system by thermal radiation beams, so that the temperature of a molten pool is measured. The accuracy of the optical path system and the relative position accuracy of the infrared thermometer in the optical path in the test process have important influence on the accuracy of the test temperature. The testing method and the testing system designed by the patent can be used for quickly testing the temperature change characteristics of the molten pool in a non-contact manner, and the testing response speed is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder-spreading type additive manufacturing, in particular to a non-contact molten pool temperature measuring system and a non-contact molten pool temperature measuring method for powder-spreading type laser additive manufacturing.
Background
The powder-spreading additive manufacturing technology is also called as a selective laser melting/sintering technology, can realize the direct molding of various fine and ultra-fine alloy materials such as aluminum, titanium, nickel, copper, cobalt and the like, has obtained typical application in the aspects of aerospace, biomedicine, automobiles, jewelry and the like, and is developing vigorously at present. The powder-spreading type additive manufacturing process is often long in forming time and complex in forming process, and the forming quality of a local area is likely to be caused to be problematic due to heat accumulation, unstable functional units and the like in the long-time and high-frequency operation process of equipment. The additive-formed monolithic object is constituted by these portions having the molten pool as the minimum unit. The real-time monitoring of the molten pool system is of great significance to mastering the forming thermal history of the complex structure so as to assist in evaluating the performance of the final structure and monitoring the process stability in the forming process in real time.
The measurement mode of the molten pool temperature in the additive manufacturing process at the present stage is mostly focused on powder feeding type additive manufacturing, the temperature measurement system is integrated in the cladding head, the relevant information of the molten pool can be recorded point by point, and the powder spreading type additive manufacturing has the characteristics of large flexibility, small area, large temperature change range along with the processing material, high temperature, severe processing environment and the like because the scanning speed is extremely high, the molten pool is in a high-speed moving process in the forming process. The following type measurement of the temperature of the molten pool is realized with extremely high difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a non-contact molten pool temperature measuring system and a non-contact molten pool temperature measuring method for powder-spread type laser additive manufacturing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a non-contact molten pool temperature measuring system for powder-spreading laser additive manufacturing comprises a spectroscope and an infrared detector, wherein in the powder-spreading laser additive manufacturing process, laser irradiates alloy powder melted on a powder bed to form a molten pool, and a thermal radiation infrared beam released from the molten pool is reflected by the spectroscope and then captured by the infrared thermometer, so that the temperature of the molten pool is measured.
The molten pool temperature measuring system also comprises a laser, a focusing mirror I, a vibrating mirror and a focusing mirror II; wherein: laser is emitted by a laser, then the laser sequentially passes through a focusing mirror I, a spectroscope and a vibrating mirror, alloy powder is focused on a powder bed to melt to form a molten pool, part of thermal radiation infrared light beams released in the molten pool (the alloy powder can release thermal radiation infrared light beams after being irradiated and melted by the laser) are transmitted to the vibrating mirror, are reflected by the vibrating mirror to be transmitted to the spectroscope, are reflected by the spectroscope to be transmitted to a focusing mirror II, the light beams focused by the focusing mirror II are transmitted to an infrared detector, and the temperature of the molten pool is measured according to temperature signals received by the infrared detector.
The molten pool temperature measuring system can also be provided with a small hole, and the light beam focused by the focusing lens II passes through the small hole and is received by the infrared detector; the small holes are arranged to prevent light in the area near the molten pool from reflecting onto the infrared detector to influence the measurement result.
In the molten pool temperature measuring system, the laser emits 1064nm laser beams, the beam splitter can only transmit the 1064nm laser beams, and beams with other wavelengths are reflected when irradiating the beam splitter.
In the molten pool temperature measuring system, the spectroscope is arranged between the focusing mirror I and the vibrating mirror, and the axial direction of the surface of the spectroscope and the axial direction of the focusing mirror I form an angle of 45 degrees; the focusing mirror II is arranged above the spectroscope, and the axial direction of the spectroscope surface and the axial direction of the focusing mirror II are 45 degrees.
In the molten pool temperature measuring system, the detection wavelength range of the infrared thermometer is different from the emission wavelength of the laser, and an optical filter can be adopted if necessary; the wavelength range of temperature measurement of the infrared thermometer needs to be different from the laser wavelength.
In the molten pool temperature measuring system, the temperature measuring system is arranged in a light path, a position adjusting mechanism is required at the fixed position of the infrared thermometer, the molten pool image is at the center of the calibration point of the infrared thermometer through the position adjusting mechanism, and the accuracy degree of the adjustment of the test point directly reflects the accuracy degree of the infrared temperature measurement.
The non-contact molten pool temperature measuring method for powder-spreading type laser additive manufacturing by using the molten pool temperature measuring system is characterized in that in the process of manufacturing a formed metal structural part by adopting powder-spreading type laser additive manufacturing, an infrared thermometer is adopted to capture an infrared beam transmitted to a light path system by a thermal radiation beam in the process of manufacturing the formed metal structural part by adopting powder-spreading type laser additive manufacturing, so that the temperature of the molten pool is measured.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. by utilizing the testing device and the testing method, the non-contact type rapid measurement of the information of the temperature of the molten pool in the powder laying type additive manufacturing process can be realized.
2. The testing device and the testing method have the advantages of high measuring response speed, capability of realizing follow-up temperature testing and capability of testing the temperature of all moving positions of the molten pool in the region. And the realization light path is relatively simple, and the temperature measurement precision is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a measurement system in the optical path.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the temperature change of the molten pool temperature actually measured.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail by examples below.
The invention provides a non-contact molten pool measuring system and a non-contact molten pool measuring method in a powder-spreading type additive manufacturing process.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the non-contact molten pool temperature measuring system of the present invention, which comprises a spectroscope, an infrared detector, a laser, a focusing mirror I, a vibrating mirror and a focusing mirror II; wherein: laser is emitted by a laser, then the laser sequentially passes through a focusing mirror I, a spectroscope and a vibrating mirror, alloy powder is focused on a powder bed to melt to form a molten pool, the alloy powder is melted by laser irradiation to release a thermal radiation infrared beam, part of the thermal radiation infrared beam released in the molten pool is reversely transmitted to the vibrating mirror along a laser light path, is reflected by the vibrating mirror to be transmitted to the spectroscope, is reflected by the spectroscope to be transmitted to a focusing mirror II, the beam focused by the focusing mirror II passes through a small hole and is received by an infrared detector, and the temperature of the molten pool is measured according to a temperature signal received by the infrared detector and a related algorithm.
Wherein the pinhole can be removed and the pinhole is added in order to avoid that light in the area near the molten pool is reflected onto the infrared detector and affects the measurement result.
The spectroscope is arranged between the focusing mirror I and the vibrating mirror, and the axial direction of the spectroscope surface and the axial direction of the focusing mirror I form an angle of 45 degrees; the focusing mirror II is arranged above the spectroscope, and the axial direction of the spectroscope surface and the axial direction of the focusing mirror II are 45 degrees. The laser emits 1064nm laser beams, the beam splitter can realize the transmission of the 1064nm laser beams, and the infrared radiation beams with other infrared wavelengths are reflected to the infrared thermometer, and the input energy of the laser is slightly reduced due to the addition of the beam splitter.
The laser scanning galvanometer is required to meet the reflection of 800-1064nm, and the thermal radiation infrared beam generated by a molten pool can be reflected after passing through the galvanometer.
An infrared thermometer: the infrared thermometer adopted by the invention can adopt an optical filter if necessary to avoid the detection wavelength being close to the laser wavelength. The infrared thermometer of the invention needs different wavelength range of temperature measurement from the laser wavelength.
Because the temperature measuring system is arranged in the light path, and a position adjusting mechanism is required at the fixed position of the infrared thermometer, the molten pool image is at the center of the calibration point of the infrared thermometer, and the accuracy degree of the adjustment of the test point directly reflects the accuracy degree of the infrared temperature measurement.
In the powder-spreading type laser additive manufacturing process by adopting the device, laser irradiates the powder bed to melt alloy powder to form a molten pool, and a thermal radiation infrared beam released from the molten pool is captured by the infrared thermometer after being reflected by the beam splitter, so that the temperature of the molten pool is measured. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the laser is emitted by a laser device, then sequentially passes through a focusing lens and a vibrating lens system and is focused on a powder bed to melt alloy powder, and the alloy powder is melted by laser irradiation to release heat radiation infrared beams. The invention is designed based on the existing laser powder-laying type optical path system, and an infrared thermometer is adopted to capture the infrared beam transmitted to the optical path system by the thermal radiation beam, so as to realize the measurement of the temperature of the molten pool.
Example 1:
the infrared thermometer adopted in the embodiment is a Rayteck infrared bicolor thermometer, and the testing process adopts a monochromatic mode to work. The emissivity of the infrared temperature measurement in the test process is calibrated as follows: 0.9.
the infrared thermometer is connected with the R485 communication module and then connected to the host computer to collect test data. In the specific implementation process, no small hole is formed in the front end of the infrared thermometer.
The temperature information of a molten pool in the powder-laying additive manufacturing process of 316L stainless steel material which is formed in a powder-laying mode and spherical powder with the granularity less than 325 mu m is measured. The bath temperature measurements were carried out under the following process parameter conditions, respectively. The additive process parameters are as follows: laser power (170/180/190/200W), scanning speed (200, 300, 400 mm/s).
The measurement of the temperature of the molten pool is realized by adopting an optical path arrangement infrared temperature measurement mode, the measured value of the temperature of the molten pool is 2200-2400 ℃ under most measurement conditions, and a small part of the measured value is 2400-2800 ℃. The test data is shown in FIG. 2, wherein FIG. 2 is the test data of the temperature information of the molten pool under the scanning power of 170W and the scanning speed of 200mm/s, and the data of the initial segment has a temperature rising interval. The frequency of data collected by an infrared thermometer used in the experiment is 40 ms/point.
Claims (8)
1. A non-contact molten pool temperature measurement system for powder laying type laser additive manufacturing is characterized in that: the molten pool temperature measuring system comprises a spectroscope and an infrared detector, wherein in the powder-spreading type laser additive manufacturing process, laser irradiates molten alloy powder on a powder bed to form a molten pool, and a heat radiation infrared beam released from the molten pool is reflected by the spectroscope and then captured by the infrared detector, so that the temperature of the molten pool is measured.
2. The non-contact weld puddle temperature measurement system for laser powder-laying additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the molten pool temperature measuring system also comprises a laser, a focusing mirror I, a vibrating mirror and a focusing mirror II; wherein: laser is emitted by a laser, then the laser sequentially passes through a focusing mirror I, a spectroscope and a vibrating mirror, alloy powder is focused on a powder bed to melt to form a molten pool, part of thermal radiation infrared light beams released in the molten pool (the alloy powder can release thermal radiation infrared light beams after being irradiated and melted by the laser) are transmitted to the vibrating mirror, are reflected by the vibrating mirror to be transmitted to the spectroscope, are reflected by the spectroscope to be transmitted to a focusing mirror II, the light beams focused by the focusing mirror II are transmitted to an infrared detector, and the temperature of the molten pool is measured according to temperature signals received by the infrared detector.
3. The non-contact weld puddle temperature measurement system for laser powder-laying additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: the molten pool temperature measuring system also comprises a small hole, and the light beam focused by the focusing lens II passes through the small hole and is received by the infrared detector; the small holes are arranged to prevent light in the area near the molten pool from reflecting onto the infrared detector to influence the measurement result.
4. The non-contact weld puddle temperature measurement system for laser powder-laying additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: the laser emits 1064nm laser beams, the beam splitter can only transmit the 1064nm laser beams, and beams with other wavelengths are reflected when irradiating the beam splitter.
5. The non-contact weld puddle temperature measurement system for laser powder-laying additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: the spectroscope is arranged between the focusing mirror I and the vibrating mirror, and the axial direction of the spectroscope surface and the axial direction of the focusing mirror I form an angle of 45 degrees; the focusing mirror II is arranged above the spectroscope, and the axial direction of the spectroscope surface and the axial direction of the focusing mirror II are 45 degrees.
6. The non-contact weld puddle temperature measurement system for laser powder-laying additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: the detection wavelength range of the infrared thermometer is different from the emission wavelength of the laser, and an optical filter can be adopted if necessary; the wavelength range of temperature measurement of the infrared thermometer needs to be different from the laser wavelength.
7. The non-contact weld puddle temperature measurement system for laser powder-laying additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: because the temperature measuring system is arranged in the light path, a position adjusting mechanism is required at the fixed position of the infrared thermometer, the molten pool image is at the center of the calibration point of the infrared thermometer through the position adjusting mechanism, and the accuracy degree of the adjustment of the test point directly reflects the accuracy degree of the infrared temperature measurement.
8. A non-contact molten pool temperature measurement method for powder-laid laser additive manufacturing by using the molten pool temperature measurement system of claim 2, wherein: the method is characterized in that in the process of manufacturing a formed metal structural part by adopting powder-spreading type laser additive, an infrared thermometer is adopted to capture an infrared beam transmitted to a light path system by a thermal radiation beam, so that the temperature of a molten pool is measured.
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| CN201811329424.7A CN111174915A (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2018-11-09 | Non-contact molten pool temperature measuring system and measuring method for powder-laying type laser additive manufacturing |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113441834A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-09-28 | 苏州长光华芯光电技术股份有限公司 | Laser processing detection device |
| CN113566958A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-29 | 上海汉邦联航激光科技有限公司 | Multi-signal multi-band monitoring system and method based on selective laser melting technology |
| CN113588091A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-02 | 沈阳理工大学 | System and method for measuring temperature of metal molten pool in laser selected area in real time by utilizing hyperspectrum |
| CN115178756A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-10-14 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | High-resolution imaging device and method for transient molten pool characteristic during selective laser melting |
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| CN1603031A (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2005-04-06 | 华南理工大学 | Selected zone laser melting and rapid forming method for metal parts and apparatus thereof |
| CN203807559U (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-09-03 | 武汉新瑞达激光工程有限责任公司 | Laser additive manufacturing equipment of metal components |
| CN107655831A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-02-02 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing process molten bath monitoring device and method based on multiband coupling |
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2018
- 2018-11-09 CN CN201811329424.7A patent/CN111174915A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1603031A (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2005-04-06 | 华南理工大学 | Selected zone laser melting and rapid forming method for metal parts and apparatus thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113588091A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-02 | 沈阳理工大学 | System and method for measuring temperature of metal molten pool in laser selected area in real time by utilizing hyperspectrum |
| CN113441834A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-09-28 | 苏州长光华芯光电技术股份有限公司 | Laser processing detection device |
| CN113441834B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-02-17 | 苏州长光华芯光电技术股份有限公司 | Laser processing detection device |
| CN113566958A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-29 | 上海汉邦联航激光科技有限公司 | Multi-signal multi-band monitoring system and method based on selective laser melting technology |
| CN115178756A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-10-14 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | High-resolution imaging device and method for transient molten pool characteristic during selective laser melting |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |