CN111165429A - Bird habitat ecological restoration design scheme - Google Patents
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- CN111165429A CN111165429A CN202010015000.4A CN202010015000A CN111165429A CN 111165429 A CN111165429 A CN 111165429A CN 202010015000 A CN202010015000 A CN 202010015000A CN 111165429 A CN111165429 A CN 111165429A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration design scheme of a bird habitat, belonging to the technical field of ecological restoration, and the method comprises the following steps: s1 investigating the species and quantity of birds staying around the selected area; s2 sampling soil quality of the selected land; s3, carrying out environmental monitoring on the surrounding of the selected place; s4, designing a repair scheme according to the results obtained in the steps S2 and S3; s5, carrying out concrete implementation engineering according to the design of the repairing plan in the step S4; s6, carrying out bird inhabitation monitoring and environment monitoring on the repaired selected place; the ecological environment-friendly harmonious with nature can be developed into various habitats after ecological protection and ecological restoration are carried out on forest lands, wetlands, lakes and the like by adopting a three-ring mapping design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration design scheme for a bird or wild animal habitat.
Background
Birds are widely distributed, live in different environmental conditions, naturally form various ecological groups, and have respective characteristics in the aspects of structure, physiology and habit. Every time a person walks into a natural environment, in combination with factors such as the particular region and season, it is generally known which birds inhabit therein, although this is not absolute, since some birds live in two or more environments, such as woodpeckers, which forage in broadleaf forests and have their footprints in conifers.
The choice of wildlife habitat is a basic and important field of zoology research, birds choose habitat based on vegetation type, on different spatial scales, the environmental factors affecting the choice of bird habitat are different, in different seasons and life history stages, the choice of birds on habitat type depends on the seasonal variation of vegetation factor and the different needs of birds on habitat in different life history stages; whereas the choice of breeding habitat for birds depends on the vegetation structure on a small scale.
In the world, people growth, environmental deterioration and urbanization development accelerate the artificial pace of urban environment, which not only gradually loses and degrades the wetland, but also destroys and reduces the habitat of birds, the number and the variety of birds in cities are less and less, and the relationship between human beings and birds and between human beings and the nature tends to be tense. In our earth's home, wetlands have always played an important role, and have the name of "kidneys of the earth". It not only breeds numerous species such as birds, fishes, mammals and the like, but also has tens of thousands of plant resources, and is an indispensable strong ecosystem on the earth, so that it is called 'paradise of birds' and has a good foundation for building bird landscape.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration design scheme for bird habitat, which adopts a three-ring mapping design of lakes, wetlands and soil slopes, can provide habitat for various kinds of birds, can greatly improve local ecological environment, and accords with a sustainable development scheme.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an ecological restoration design scheme for bird habitat, which comprises the following steps:
s1, investigating the types and the number of birds staying around the selected place;
s2, surveying the landform and geological conditions of the selected place;
s3, monitoring the diversity of the habitat and the species around the selected place;
s4, designing a repair scheme according to the results obtained in the steps S2 and S3;
s5, carrying out specific implementation engineering according to the design of the repair plan in the step S4;
s6, carrying out bird inhabitation monitoring and habitat species diversity monitoring and evaluation on the repaired place.
Preferably, the investigation content of the selected place investigated in step S1 includes investigation of the number, species, activity area, behavior habit of the selected place, and investigation of interference factors affecting inhabitation and reproduction of birds, interference factors affecting hatching rate of eggs of birds, survival rate of chicks, and the like.
Preferably, the step S2 surveys the landform and geology, and mainly includes:
firstly, the selected ground height can be selected to be 60 CM-500 CM higher than the water surface or an artificial island according to the sizes of different birds, the slope is 0-90 degrees, the device is suitable for large or ragged birds to inhabit, and the top of the device forms a 20-200 square meter habitat. The habitat is a gentle slope with the temperature of 0-30 ℃, and the material of the habitat at the top is a small pebble, small pebble or gravel land, so that large or prey poultry can conveniently inhabit and breed; according to the size of the repair area of the selected place, other small and medium-sized bird habitats extend downwards from the slope top of the selected place, enter water at the slope of 0-60 degrees, gradually lift the selected place from the place 20-40 CM below the water surface to the bird habitats to expose out of the water surface, and start mudflat repair at the place 0-400 CM higher than the water surface to form the landform characteristics of gradual lifting connection of the mudflat below the water surface, the mudflat above the water surface and the bird repair selected place.
Secondly, large birds (such as wild beans, common cormorant and the like) in geological changes are mainly reef stones, pebbles and the like with different sizes, medium and small birds (such as common swallow gulls, spotted-mouth ducks, black-backed wing long-foot snipes, reversed-mouth snipes and the like) are mainly made of harder muddy soil and hard soil, when rain water is discharged downwards rapidly, vegetation selected by the birds above the lake bank at the edge of the selected place requires zero coverage, namely vegetation does not exist, and a completely naked ground is formed for the birds.
And thirdly, selecting a part of the area near water of the ground to reserve part of the protogenic aquatic plants, and protecting the bird habitat from erosion and collapse of wind waves, lake water and the like.
Preferably, the monitoring contents of the diversity of the habitat and the species in the step S3 include investigation of precipitation, the number and the area of the mudflat and the marsh, the depth of the large water level of the lake, the surge degree, the difference between the ecological water level and the landscape water level, water level control, the type and the number of other birds around, and other interference to the target bird swarm in the restoration site.
Preferably, the step S4 of designing the repair plan further includes the following steps: according to the control design of operation and management activities such as fishing, operation, fishing, landscape greening, lake water replenishing and the like of a selected place, the negative influence of leisure occupation due to fishing and the adverse effect of close-range bird watching on fishing are reduced as much as possible, the adverse transformation of the landscape greening such as planting trees, grass and the like on original ecological restoration is reduced, the problem that the lake water replenishing is difficult to control due to the large water surface of a single lake is reduced, and the water level of the selected place for restoration is influenced to be subjected to autonomous control;
preferably, the implementation engineering in step S5 according to the scheme in step S4 is:
firstly, different islands are built or stacked according to the body size and the habitat requirements of the birds selected for repair. The method is characterized in that an island reef can be constructed in an area which is 60-500 CM higher than the water surface for large (such as wild goose, common cormorant and swan) or bird migratory birds, the island reef is mainly composed of reefs and pebbles with different sizes, the island is completely exposed, no vegetation is reserved, and a habitat of 20-200 square meters is formed at the top of the island. The habitat is a gentle slope with the temperature of 0-30 ℃, and the material of the habitat at the top is a small pebble, small pebble or gravel land, so that large or prey poultry can conveniently inhabit and breed; small and medium-sized birds (such as spotted duck, red sheldrake, black wing long-foot snipe, common swallow gull and the like) clear silt from the periphery in the lake, selectively pile the silt into an artificial island towards the restoration, and the artificial island extends from the top of the slope to the water surface, has the slope of 0-60 degrees, and can be large or small in area;
and secondly, self-repairing the selected artificial island edge underwater 30-120 CM to form a 0-60-degree water-out mud flat, and gradually lifting and slowly lifting landforms with the repair selected places outside the water surface.
Thirdly, the edges of the island in the selected land are repaired, local and local vegetation such as reeds and the like can be introduced, and the large water surface influence of wind waves, tides and the like can be buffered. In addition, continuous discharging perch columns which are 150CM higher than the water surface can be planted on the periphery of the device, so that birds in the selected area can be conveniently repaired to stop.
Fourthly, the land for repairing the artificial island can be hoed by manpower, compacted mechanically or manually, forms hard muddy soil at 0-60 degrees, has the main structure of hard soil, can drain water rapidly and does not retain the characteristics of any vegetation.
And fifthly, carrying out ecological restoration on the restoration selected land according to bird inhabitation, wind wave erosion, vegetation growth, water accumulation condition, the number of rodents, cleaning control condition and protection management requirements every year so as to meet the requirements of multiplication or migration of more birds.
Preferably, the building habitat of the large-scale bird repairing selected place can be mainly built by natural reefs and pebbles or artificially built by a main body, and small pebbles and broken stones can be selected on and around the main body for paving, so that good conditions are created for bird nests. The small and medium bird habitat and the artificial islands are piled up according to requirements by combining activities such as artificial dredging of lake wetlands, sludge clearing and the like.
Preferably, the step S6 is performed by regular monitoring, wherein the specific time is 3 times in a first two months and one time in a subsequent two months.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprises the following steps of carrying out advanced investigation on a selected ground, wherein investigation contents comprise investigation on the quantity, the type, the activity area and the behavior habit of birds in the selected ground, investigation on the human or animal interference condition and the food source, the quantity and the type of wild animals in a habitat, and environment detection, and the specific contents comprise soil quality monitoring and environment monitoring, wherein the soil quality monitoring comprises the foundation settlement condition of soil quality, the stratum composition, the permeability coefficient, the underground water level and the pore water pressure, so that the content of trace elements in the soil quality is investigated, and the environment monitoring comprises the investigation on precipitation, the distribution of the content of atmospheric air and the investigation on the pollution degree; the comprehensive investigation and monitoring are beneficial to the subsequent repair and culture of bird habitats, and meanwhile, the complete repair scheme can be conveniently and pertinently made, and the design efficiency of the repair scheme is greatly improved.
2. The main restoration scheme adopts the three-ring mapping design of lakes, wetlands and soil slopes, can provide habitat for various birds, simultaneously considers the improvement of living environment of various plants and animals, further can greatly improve the local ecological environment, and accords with the sustainable development scheme.
3. And after the repairing is finished, the subsequent environment observation is periodically carried out, the inhabitation and reproduction conditions of the birds are closely monitored in the observation process, the growth states of various wild animals and plants are monitored, and the regular monitoring, observation and recording are carried out, so that the habitat can be better managed, and a better repairing scheme is continuously provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of an avian habitat ecological restoration design provided by the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the following describes in detail the ecological restoration design scheme of bird habitat according to the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the ecological restoration design scheme of the bird habitat comprises the following steps:
s1, investigating the types and the number of birds staying around the selected place;
s2, sampling soil quality of the selected land;
s3, carrying out environmental monitoring around the selected place;
s4, designing a repair scheme according to the results obtained in the steps S2 and S3;
s5, carrying out specific implementation engineering according to the design of the repair plan in the step S4;
and S6, carrying out bird inhabitation monitoring and environmental monitoring on the repaired selected place.
Specifically, the survey contents of the selected area surveyed in step S1 include the quantity, species, activity area, behavior habit survey of birds surveying the selected area, and survey of vegetation status and vegetation species.
Specifically, the sampling and detecting in step S2 includes detecting the foundation settlement condition, the formation composition, the permeability coefficient, the groundwater level, and the pore water pressure of the soil texture, and further investigating the content of the trace elements in the soil texture.
Specifically, the soil sampling method comprises the steps of dividing small areas within 100 square meters of a selected place, wherein each small area is 10-20 square meters, punching holes in each small area with the punching depth of 1-2 meters, injecting water to the bottoms of the holes during detection, wetting the inner walls of the holes, and respectively intercepting and detecting multiple sections of soil on the inner walls of the holes.
Specifically, the environmental monitoring content in step S3 includes the investigation of precipitation, distribution of atmospheric air content, and pollution level, and the amount of precipitation is investigated to design a plant-growing scheme, and the pollution level can be used as a necessary condition for selecting or not.
Specifically, the repairing scheme design in step S4 mainly includes the following contents: carrying out three-ring mapping design on lakes, wetlands and soil slopes according to soil survey results and environment monitoring results of selected places, adopting a three-ring design, attracting various birds including -shaped climbing birds, conifer birds, broadleaf forest birds, bush birds, grassland birds, inland river lakes, marsh birds and the like for inhabitation, and mainly designing specific implementation positions of the three rings of the lakes, the wetlands and the soil slopes; specifically, the implementation engineering in step S5 according to the scheme in step S4 is as follows: and (3) adopting dredging engineering measures to pile up the sludge which is 0.8-6.8 meters higher than the water surface and is in a conical shape. After the sludge is naturally drained, artificial or natural measures are taken to form a certain bare ground to attract birds to inhabit and breed. Aiming at the islands in the lake wetland water area, because the islands cover native vegetation, the bare ground is not much, part of birds inhabit, the quantity of bird resources is small, and the following measures are taken in engineering:
firstly, the accumulated sludge is adopted to cover, partially cover or completely cover the islands, and the thickness is about 10 to 160 CM;
and secondly, cleaning ecological island reeds, bushes and the like, and finishing the soil after cleaning to form a bare hard ground which can be kept for a long time, or covering 5-10 CM of quicklime below the 5-10 CM of island soil to corrode grass roots.
Biological fence: the Chinese violet drunk fish, the red willow, the nitraria tangutorum, the honeysuckle, the pyrus betulaefolia and the like are closely planted to isolate the distance between people and wild animals and maintain the environment of birds.
The method is characterized in that timber pile fences are designed around the bird habitat or the bird habitat, the timber pile units are 2-4 meters, 3 vertical piles and 1 transverse pile, the vertical piles are inserted into water and exposed to the water surface for 50-3.2 meters, the timber pile fences are mainly combined by the timber pile units, and the timber pile fences can be combined continuously and combined independently in different quantities.
Particularly, the planting species of the protection trees are reeds and the like, the internal water and soil loss can be protected, the windproof effect is good, and the protection trees attract birds to perch and breed more attractively.
Specifically, the step S6 adopts regular monitoring, specifically for 3 times a month in the first two months and once in the subsequent two months, by closely monitoring the inhabitation and reproduction of birds and monitoring the growth states of various plants, regular monitoring, observation and recording are facilitated to better manage the habitat and continuously provide better repair schemes.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: firstly, surveying in advance on a selected ground, wherein the survey content comprises the survey of bird quantity, variety, activity area and behavior habit of the selected ground, the survey of vegetation condition and vegetation variety, and the detection of environment, the concrete content comprises soil quality monitoring and environment monitoring, the soil quality monitoring comprises soil foundation settlement, stratum composition, permeability coefficient, underground water level and pore water pressure, and then the content of trace elements in the soil quality is surveyed, and the environment monitoring comprises the survey of precipitation, atmospheric air content distribution and pollution degree; after investigation and monitoring are finished, targeted restoration scheme design is carried out according to the monitoring data, and the specific implementation positions of the three rings of the lake, the wetland and the soil slope are mainly designed by adopting the three-ring mapping design of the lake, the wetland and the soil slope; the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking habitat restoration measures, specifically carrying out engineering implementation through the scheme, adopting reeds as edge protection trees for planting, adopting dredging engineering measures, accumulating a part of sludge to be 0.8-6.8 meters higher than the top of an annular channel, and forming a conical shape, wherein the specific accumulation position is the middle position of a selected ground or the position close to the center position, and after the sludge is naturally drained, adopting manual or natural measures to form a certain bare ground; cleaning reeds, bushes and the like, and finishing the soil after cleaning to form a hard bare ground; and after the repairing is finished, monitoring the specific condition of the survival of the birds in the habitat, and continuously improving the follow-up condition.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. An ecological restoration design scheme for bird habitats, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, investigating the types and the number of birds staying around the selected place;
s2, sampling soil quality of the selected land;
s3, carrying out environmental monitoring around the selected place;
s4, designing a repair scheme according to the results obtained in the steps S2 and S3;
s5, carrying out specific implementation engineering according to the design of the repair plan in the step S4;
and S6, carrying out bird inhabitation monitoring and environmental monitoring on the repaired selected place.
2. The ecological restoration design scheme for bird habitats according to claim 1, wherein the investigation content of the selected area investigated in step S1 comprises investigation of bird number, bird species, activity area, behavior habit investigation, and investigation of vegetation status and vegetation species.
3. The ecological restoration design scheme for bird habitats according to claim 1, wherein the sampling and detection in step S2 comprises detecting the foundation settlement, stratum composition, permeability coefficient, groundwater level and pore water pressure of the soil texture, and further investigating the content of trace elements in the soil texture.
4. The ecological restoration design scheme for the bird habitat according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the soil sampling method comprises dividing small areas within 100 square meters of the selected area, each small area is 10-20 square meters, punching holes in each small area, the punching depth is 1-2 meters, injecting water into the bottom of each hole while detecting, wetting the inner wall of each hole, and respectively intercepting and detecting multiple sections of soil on the inner wall of each hole.
5. The ecological restoration design scheme for bird habitat according to claim 1, wherein the environment monitoring content in the step S3 comprises the investigation of precipitation, atmospheric air content distribution and pollution level.
6. The ecological restoration design for bird habitat according to claim 1, wherein said S4 restoration design mainly comprises the following contents: performing three-ring mapping design on lakes, wetlands and soil slopes according to the selected places; selecting the variety, the number, the migration or the habitat propagation condition, the artificial condition and the other animal interference condition of the target bird repaired by the habitat; selection of bird habitat and habitat other wild animal survey protocols.
7. The ecological restoration design scheme for bird habitat according to claim 6, wherein the specific implementation engineering in step S5 is as follows according to the scheme in step S4:
firstly, different islands are constructed or stacked, and island reefs can be constructed in areas 60-500 CM higher than the water surface for large-scale (such as wild gooses, common cormorant and swans) or bird preys, wherein the island reefs mainly comprise reefs, pebbles and the like with different sizes, the island is completely exposed, and no vegetation is reserved; for small and medium-sized birds (such as spotted-mouth ducks, red sheldrakes, black-wing long-foot snipes, reversed-mouth snipes, common-energy gullets and gullets), sludge is cleared from the periphery of the lake, the lake is selectively accumulated into an artificial island in a repairing mode, the artificial island extends from the top of the lake to the water surface, the slope is 0-60 degrees, and the area can be large or small;
secondly, self-repairing selected artificial island underwater 30-120 CM to form 0-60 degree water-out mudflats, and gradually lifting and slowly lifting landforms with the repair selected places outside the water surface;
thirdly, the edges of the island of the selected land can be restored, local vegetation such as reeds and the like can be introduced, the large water surface influence of wind waves, tides and the like can be buffered, and in addition, continuous drainage perching columns which are 150CM higher than the water surface can be planted on the periphery, so that the birds of the selected land can be conveniently restored and stopped;
fourthly, the artificial island restoration land can form a gentle slope of 0-60 degrees from bottom to top by artificial weeding, mechanical or artificial compaction, forms hard muddy soil and hard soil structure as main parts, inhabits until no vegetation or few vegetation is formed, and has the characteristic of rapid drainage and convenience for landing of the waterfall bird;
and fifthly, carrying out ecological restoration on a restoration selection place according to bird inhabitation, wind wave erosion, vegetation growth, water accumulation condition, the number of rodents, cleaning control condition and protection management requirements every year so as to meet the requirements of multiplication or migration of more birds, such as maintaining a completely exposed ground without interference or collapse and draining water.
8. The avian habitat ecological restoration design according to claim 7, wherein the protective tree planting species is reed or shrub.
9. The ecological restoration design scheme for bird habitat according to claim 1, wherein said step S6 adopts regular monitoring, and the specific time is 3 times a month in the first two months, and then once in the next two months.
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| CN202010015000.4A CN111165429A (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2020-01-07 | Bird habitat ecological restoration design scheme |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112144467A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-29 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Repairing and maintaining method for common gull breeding habitat islands |
| CN112243624A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for restoring common gull breeding habitat in saline-alkali wetland |
| CN113506183A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-10-15 | 广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所 | Agricultural landscape bird species field investigation recording client system |
| CN113597911A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-05 | 苏州润泽生态环境建设有限公司 | Degraded wetland vegetation recovery method |
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| CN112144467A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-29 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Repairing and maintaining method for common gull breeding habitat islands |
| CN112243624A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for restoring common gull breeding habitat in saline-alkali wetland |
| CN113506183A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-10-15 | 广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所 | Agricultural landscape bird species field investigation recording client system |
| CN113597911A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-05 | 苏州润泽生态环境建设有限公司 | Degraded wetland vegetation recovery method |
| CN115146947A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-10-04 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for ecological restoration of waterfowl breeding habitat |
| CN115517197A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-12-27 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Ecological device for building birds inhabitation |
| CN115517197B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-10-31 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Ecological device for constructing bird perch |
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