CN111158139A - Ultra-high-speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging - Google Patents
Ultra-high-speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
- G01N21/3586—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation by Terahertz time domain spectroscopy [THz-TDS]
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-high-speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging, which is characterized in that the optical path of the delay line is as follows: the laser beam is transmitted to the plane mirror through the polygon prism, is vertically reflected by the plane mirror, is transmitted through the polygon prism, returns from the original path, drives one side edge of the polygon prism through high-pressure airflow, enables the polygon prism to rotate, has different rotating angles, has different total optical paths of round trip reflected on the plane mirror through the prism, enables the delay range of the delay line in one rotating period to be larger than 25 ps, and has the scanning frequency not lower than 13 kHz; the invention completely meets the requirements of terahertz biomedical imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectral imaging, and particularly relates to an ultra-high-speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line in the field of terahertz medical imaging. The terahertz time-domain waveform rapid acquisition method is particularly suitable for the application fields of terahertz biomedical imaging and biochemical reaction process monitoring, and is also suitable for rapid acquisition of terahertz time-domain waveforms in other all-fiber terahertz time-domain spectral imaging systems.
Background
The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (namely THz-TDS) technology can simultaneously detect the amplitude and phase information of THz pulses, and has great application prospect in many fields of biology, material science, medical diagnosis, safety inspection, nondestructive testing, military, physics, chemistry and the like. The optical delay line is a core device of a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology, and realizes scanning detection of terahertz time-domain signals by changing the relative time delay of femtosecond probe light and THz pulses. Different terahertz application fields have different requirements on indexes of the optical delay line, and terahertz biomedical imaging and biochemical reaction process monitoring application have extremely high requirements on the scanning frequency of the delay line, but do not require a large delay range (not less than 20 ps).
The current optical delay line technology mainly comprises oscillating optical delay lines, rotating optical delay lines, asynchronous optical sampling and the like. The oscillating optical delay line generates periodic change of delay based on linear reciprocating motion of the reflector, has a simple structure, is limited by inertia of a moving load, has low scanning frequency (generally less than 40 Hz), and is difficult to meet the requirement of rapid terahertz biomedical imaging; the rotating optical delay line generates delayed periodic change through unidirectional rotation of the reflector, greatly improves scanning frequency (which can exceed 1 kHz at most), can meet the requirements of part of laboratory terahertz biomedical imaging, but is limited by the rotating speed of the driving motor, the scanning frequency is difficult to further improve, and the application requirements of real-time terahertz medical imaging such as clinical in-vivo imaging or intraoperative imaging and rapid biochemical reaction process monitoring cannot be met; asynchronous optical sampling, while achieving very high scanning frequencies, is comparable to a rotating delay line, and the system is complex and expensive.
Patent document (CN104166233B) discloses a multi-reflection-surface rotating optical delay line device based on the involute principle, in which a plurality of plane mirrors, an involute curve reflection surface and an involute curve base circle are provided on a rotating turntable, and the optical delay is obtained by periodic scanning of the plurality of rotating reflection surfaces. However, the rotating optical delay line has limited practical value because the change of light beams can be brought by adopting curved surface reflection, so that the optical coupling efficiency can be obviously changed in the rotating process.
Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of real-time terahertz biomedical imaging and biochemical reaction process monitoring, a novel optical delay line technology with higher scanning speed must be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-high-speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line to meet the requirements of real-time terahertz biomedical imaging and biochemical reaction process monitoring, the highest scanning frequency of the rotating optical fiber delay line can exceed 13 kHz under the condition of 25 ps delay range, and the rotating optical fiber delay line is the rotating optical fiber delay line with the highest scanning speed in the field of terahertz imaging in the world.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ultra-high-speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging is disclosed, wherein the optical path of the delay line is as follows:
the laser beam is transmitted to the plane reflector through the polygon prism, is vertically reflected by the plane reflector, and is transmitted through the polygon prism, so that the laser beam returns from the original path;
one side of the polygonal prism is driven by high-pressure airflow, so that the polygonal prism rotates, the rotating angles of the polygonal prism are different, the round-trip total optical path of a laser beam passing through the prism and reflected on the plane mirror is also different, the delay range of the delay line in one rotating period is larger than 25 ps, and the scanning frequency is not lower than 13 kHz.
In the above technical scheme, the polygon prism is an even number polygon prism, and the number of sides is not less than four sides and not more than eight sides.
In the technical scheme, the light-transmitting surface of the prism is plated with an antireflection film irrelevant to polarization and angle.
In the technical scheme, a layer of high-reflection film irrelevant to polarization and angle is plated on the light transmission surface of the plane reflector.
In the technical scheme, the central wavelengths of the antireflection film and the high-reflection film are both 1550nm or 800 nm.
In the technical scheme, the air compressor comprises a rotary bearing, an air flow nozzle and an air compressor, wherein the rotary bearing is used for supporting the polygonal prism, the air flow nozzle is arranged on the side face of the edge of the polygonal prism, and the air compressor is connected to the air flow nozzle through an air pipe.
In the above technical scheme, the polygon prism is provided with an encoder, and the encoder is a rotary variable angle encoder.
In the technical scheme, the high-pressure airflow drives the rotating prism, the rotating speed of the rotating prism is not less than 100krpm, and the rotating prism has no electromagnetic interference in the rotating process.
In the above technical solution, the laser beam sequentially includes a polarization maintaining fiber jumper, a circulator, a polarization maintaining fiber, and a fiber collimator from input to output.
The invention also discloses a calibration method for improving the delay resolution precision of the delay line, which comprises the following steps:
rotating the rotating delay line by an angle Dq from a normal incidence position;
moving a delay Dt by using a standard high-precision stepping delay line, and compensating the optical path delay generated by the rotating delay line;
rotating one by taking the angle Dq as an increment until the measurement of the 360-degree rotation angle of the whole prism is completed;
and recording all the obtained delay Dt and the corresponding angle relation to obtain a curve of the delay and the rotation angle, and correctly restoring the actual optical path delay by using the digital pulse train output by the decoding circuit by using the curve.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the traditional rotary delay line, the rotary delay line has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the characteristic that laser beams are transmitted through the quadrangular rotary prism, the laser only can be translated without direction change through the quadrangular prism, and the characteristic of vertical reflection of the plane reflector is combined, so that the light beams can return along the original path to generate light path multiplexing, and the delay effect is doubled.
The invention uses high-pressure airflow to drive the quadrangular prism to enable the prism to rotate at high speed, and can break through the speed limit of motor drive by utilizing the high speed of the high-pressure airflow to realize the ultra-high speed and stable rotation of the prism, thereby increasing the rotating speed from less than 20k rpm to not more than 100k rpm when the motor is driven, and simultaneously eliminating the electromagnetic interference to a signal control and acquisition circuit in a system when the motor moves at high speed.
The invention plates a layer of reflection reducing coating (the central wavelength can be 1550nm, 800 nm or other needed wavelength) irrelevant to polarization and angle on the light transmission surface of the prism to eliminate Fresnel loss of laser beam on the incident surface, and utilizes the characteristic that the film layer is irrelevant to the incident angle and the polarization state to eliminate the problem of transmittance change caused by incident angle change or polarization state rotation in the rotation process of the prism.
The invention realizes the real-time feedback of the prism rotation angle by using the rotary-change angle encoder, realizes the ultrahigh-speed angle continuous coding recording by using the high-speed working characteristic of the rotary-change angle encoder and the high angular resolution, thereby breaking through the limitation of low coding speed when the conventional incremental encoder or absolute encoder is adopted.
The delay line can realize the delay range of 25 ps at the lowest and the maximum scanning frequency can exceed 13 kHz through actual measurement, and completely meets the requirements of terahertz biomedical imaging.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-high speed rotary prism fiber delay line structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rotating prism;
wherein: 1 is a plane reflector, 2 is a rotating prism, 3 is an optical fiber collimator, 4 is a polarization maintaining optical fiber, and 5 is a circulator; 6 and 7 are input and output polarization-maintaining optical fiber patch cords respectively, 8 is an air flow nozzle, 9 is a hose, 10 is an air compressor, 11 is a rotating shaft, 12 is a rotary variable angle encoder, 13 is a cable (comprising an encoder wire and a power wire), and 14 is a decoding circuit.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical path of this embodiment is composed of a structure in which laser light is incident on a rotating prism 2 through an input polarization maintaining optical fiber jumper 6, a circulator 5, a polarization maintaining optical fiber 4, an optical fiber collimator 3, and is transmitted by the rotating prism 2 and then perpendicularly incident on a plane mirror 1, the laser light is perpendicularly reflected by the plane mirror 1 and then transmitted by the rotating prism 2 again, and then returns to the original optical path, and is finally output by an output polarization maintaining optical fiber jumper 7.
The rotation driving structure for the rotating prism 2 in this embodiment includes: an air compressor 10, an air pipe 9 and an air flow nozzle 8, which support a rotating shaft 11 of the rotating prism 2, wherein the rotating shaft 11 is supported to the central position of the rotating prism 2, and the rotating prism 2 rotates at the central point of the plane; the rotary prism 2 is provided with a rotary variable angle encoder 12, and the rotary variable angle encoder 12 is connected to a decoding circuit through a cable including an encoder wire and a power supply wire.
In the embodiment, the rotating prism 2 is made of a glass material (such as K9 glass) with a low thermal expansion coefficient and a low dispersion coefficient, and the low thermal expansion coefficient glass can reduce the prism deformation and delay variation caused by the environmental temperature change, and on the other hand, the low dispersion coefficient glass is adopted, so that the broadening effect on the femtosecond laser pulse is reduced, and the narrow pulse property of the terahertz signal is ensured.
In this embodiment, the surface of the plane mirror 1 is coated with a highly reflective film, the central wavelength of which can be 1550nm, 800 nm or other desired wavelengths, so as to return the incident laser beam along the original path with high reflectivity.
In this embodiment, the transmission surface of the rotating prism 2 is coated with a high transmission film, the central wavelength of the coating film can be 1550nm, 800 nm or other desired wavelengths, the rotating prism 2 is an even-numbered prism, the minimum is 4 sides, and the maximum is 8 sides, as shown in fig. 1, the example is 4 sides, which is rotated to generate the continuous periodic variation of the optical path delay.
The optical fiber collimator 3 in this embodiment is a long-focus optical fiber collimator for realizing the collimated emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected beam; the polarization maintaining fiber 4 is a section of polarization maintaining fiber, is used for realizing the transmission of incident laser beams and reflected laser beams between the fiber collimator 3 and the circulator 5, and can work in a single shaft or in a double shaft; the circulator 5 is a low-insertion-loss three-port optical fiber circulator used for realizing the separation of an incident laser beam and a reflected laser beam and is connected with the optical fiber collimator 3 through a polarization maintaining optical fiber 4; the polarization maintaining fiber pigtails are respectively provided with an input end 6 and an output end 7, wherein the input end 6 is used for inputting an external laser beam into the circulator 5, the output end 7 is used for leading out a reflected laser beam output from the circulator 5, and the heads of the two fiber pigtails are respectively provided with FC/APC adapters.
In this embodiment, the air compressor 10 sucks in the surrounding air and then compresses the air to generate high-pressure airflow, the compressed air generated by the air compressor 10 is transmitted to the airflow nozzle 8 through the hose 9, the airflow nozzle 8 is arranged at an edge of the rotating prism 2, and the high-pressure airflow ejected from the airflow nozzle 8 is used for impacting the edge of the rotating prism 2. The rotating prism 2 is supported by a rotating shaft 11, the rotating shaft 11 being a metal shaft, and the prism rotates around the rotating shaft 11 when a high-pressure air stream impinges on the rotating prism.
In this embodiment, in order to collect the rotation angle of the rotating prism, a rotary variable angle encoder 12 is disposed on the rotating prism, and the encoder is a high-speed angle encoder capable of encoding the rotation angle of the prism in real time; the encoder signal is transmitted to a decoding circuit 14 through a cable 13 containing an encoder wire and a power line, and the decoding circuit 14 converts the encoded signal into a digital pulse train corresponding to the resolution of the encoder, so as to provide the digital pulse train for a real-time terahertz medical imaging system to perform subsequent terahertz signal sampling and processing.
The above components constitute the fiber delay line system of the present embodiment, and when the whole system is in operation:
an externally input laser signal enters the circulator 5 through the polarization maintaining optical fiber 6, is collimated by the optical fiber collimator 3 through the polarization maintaining optical fiber 4 and then is emitted into a free space, a space light beam passes through the rotating prism 2 and is vertically incident on the plane mirror 1, a reflected light beam passes through the rotating prism 2 again along the original path, is received by the optical fiber collimator 3, passes through the polarization maintaining optical fiber 4 and the circulator 5, and is output by the polarization maintaining optical fiber 7.
When the rotating prism 2 rotates at a high speed under the action of the high-pressure air flow ejected from the air flow nozzle 8, the total optical path of the laser beam output and received from the optical fiber collimator 3 changes continuously and periodically with the rotation anglefIn order to be the prism rotation frequency,Nthe number of prism edges, the actual scan frequency of the rotating delay line would be 2NfSuppose thatf10000 rpm, for a quadrangular prism: (NAnd = 4), the delay line scanning frequency is 13 kHz, so that the requirement of real-time terahertz medical imaging on high-speed sampling of terahertz time-domain waveforms is met.
In addition, although the optical path delay amount of the delay line has a definite mathematical relationship with the rotation angle, in order to obtain higher delay resolution precision, a standard high-precision stepping delay line is needed to calibrate the relationship between the delay amount and the angle. By rotating the rotary delay line by a small angle D from the normal incidence positionqThen use the standard heightThe precision step delay line is moved by a small delay DtCompensating back the path length delay generated by the rotating delay line, thus making the angle DqAll the small retardation amounts D obtained are rotated one by one for increments until the measurement of the 360 DEG rotation angle of the whole prism is completedtAnd the corresponding angle relation is recorded, so that a delay-rotation angle curve is obtained, and the actual optical path delay can be correctly restored by the digital pulse train output by the decoding circuit 14 by using the curve, so that accurate terahertz time-domain waveform sampling is realized.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-high-speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging is characterized in that the optical path of the delay line is as follows:
the laser beam is transmitted to the plane reflector through the polygon prism, is vertically reflected by the plane reflector, and is transmitted through the polygon prism, so that the laser beam returns from the original path;
one side edge of the polygonal prism is driven by high-pressure airflow to rotate the polygonal prism, the rotation angles of the polygonal prism are different, the round-trip total optical path of a laser beam passing through the prism and reflected on the plane mirror is also different, the delay range of the delay line in one rotation period is larger than 25 ps, and the scanning frequency is not lower than 13 kHz.
2. The ultra-high speed spinning prism fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging according to claim 1, wherein the polygonal prism is an even number of polygonal prisms, the number of sides is not less than four sides, and not more than eight sides.
3. The ultra-high speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transparent surface of the prism is coated with an anti-reflection film independent of polarization and angle.
4. The ultra-high speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface of the plane mirror is coated with a high reflection film independent of polarization and angle.
5. The ultra-high speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the central wavelength of the antireflection film and the central wavelength of the high reflection film are both 1550nm or 800 nm.
6. The ultra-high-speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging is characterized by comprising a rotating bearing, an air flow nozzle and an air compressor, wherein the rotating bearing is used for supporting a polygonal prism, the air flow nozzle is arranged on the side of the edge of the polygonal prism, and the air compressor is connected to the air flow nozzle through an air pipe.
7. The ultra-high speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging according to claim 1 or 6, wherein an encoder is arranged on the polygonal prism, and the encoder is a rotary variable angle encoder.
8. The ultra-high speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the high pressure gas flow drives the rotating prism, the rotating speed of the rotating prism is not less than 100k rpm, and the rotating prism has no electromagnetic interference during the rotation process.
9. The ultra-high speed rotating prism optical fiber delay line for real-time terahertz medical imaging according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam comprises a polarization maintaining optical fiber jumper, a circulator, a polarization maintaining optical fiber and a fiber collimator in sequence from input to output.
10. A calibration method for improving the delay resolution accuracy of the delay line of claim 1, wherein:
rotating the rotating delay line by an angle D from the normal incidence positionq；
By shifting by a delay D using a standard high-precision stepped delay linet，Compensating the optical path delay generated by the rotating delay line;
at an angle DqRotating the prisms one by one for increment until the measurement of the 360-degree rotation angle of the whole prism is completed;
all obtained delay amounts DtAnd recording the corresponding angle relation to obtain a curve of the delay amount and the rotation angle, and correctly restoring the actual optical path delay by using the digital pulse train output by the decoding circuit by using the curve.
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112051236A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-08 | 首都师范大学 | Optical delay module and terahertz detection system |
| CN113419339A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-09-21 | 电子科技大学 | Optical delay structure |
| CN114152412A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-08 | 佛山市灵觉科技有限公司 | Optical delay line device and ophthalmic biological multi-parameter measuring instrument |
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Application publication date: 20200515 |