CN111155223A - 一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111155223A
CN111155223A CN202010025730.2A CN202010025730A CN111155223A CN 111155223 A CN111155223 A CN 111155223A CN 202010025730 A CN202010025730 A CN 202010025730A CN 111155223 A CN111155223 A CN 111155223A
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fabric
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CN111155223B (zh
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张威劲
苏木兰
朱泽征
欧阳西庚
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Taizhou Kaidali Plastic Textile Co ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
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    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
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Abstract

本发明属于纺织面料技术领域，具体涉及一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法。本发明在纺织过程中加入改性纤维，改性纤维通过以氨纶作为基础原料，通过利用混合料对氨纶表面进行改性，一是可以提高其疏水性能，二是可以提高与其他纤维之间的结合度，同时增强了纤维耐火性能，增加阻燃性，随后通过进行纺织后，再放入浸泡液中，进行浸泡，浸泡液通过利用改性剂对聚磷酸铵进行改性，一是提高疏水性，增加与面料的结合，增加阻燃性能，二是可以与渗透剂进行复配更好浸润至面料内部，增加阻燃性，同时通过添加剂进行反应，附着在面料表面增加强度，同时在遇热过程中，可以起到很好的阻燃效果。

Description

一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织面料技术领域，具体涉及一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶面料是日常使用较多的化纤面料，因其抗皱性、保型性、速干性、耐化学性优良，同时不怕霉菌和蛀虫等性能而被广泛用于服饰家纺等领域。但是，涤纶面料遇火易熔、易燃，服饰遇火星马上会形成破洞，若不小心还会引起烫伤；在低温环境下，涤纶也容易老化、劈裂。
目前，一些特殊服务的领域，比如宾馆和饭店采用的面料，往往需要经过多次的搓洗，然而洗涤的次数多了容易破损。
以迷彩服装为例，在作战、训练或危险户外活动过程中，迷彩服装的主要作用是为了防止和降低自然环境、战争对人体的伤害，因而需要实现多种功能的复合，特别是阻燃和高强力(断裂强力)。对于阻燃和高强力功能复合的面料，其成品纱线选用具有阻燃功能的玻璃纤维，玻璃纤维一般采用包芯工艺，其缺点在于玻璃纤维的服用性极差，在长期的使用过程中有纤维渗出，会使服用者浑身发痒；另外玻璃纤维大都较粗，对后期大批量生产不利；或者选用高强力尼龙短纤维与阻燃剂混纺的成品纱线，但测试证明，该成品纱线的阻燃等级不超过C级，难以满足需求。
随着生活水平的提高，人们对于面料的各种功能需要越来越高，传统的带有阻燃织物面料只具备单一的功能；因而，现有的普通面料由于不能更好地服务人们且缺乏立体感，因而往往不能满足人们的实际需要；故需要加以改进。
然而，现在火灾时有发生，有时常见的面料却成了火源；所以人们特需要一种高强度、耐高温、耐低温的阻燃面料来代替原有面料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是目前面料的阻燃效果差的问题，提供一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是：
一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份数计，取80～85份腈纶纤维、20～25份棉纤维、6～9份改性纤维混合均匀，依次进行开松清理、梳棉、梳棉条、并条、粗纱、细纱、络筒、蒸纱、并线、倍捻、蒸纱，得纱线；
(2)将纱线进行整经、穿综穿筘、上机织造、坯布物性检测、修布、验坯处理、水洗及烘干，得基础面料；
(3)将基础面料放入浸泡液中，升温至80～90℃，升压至1.2～1.8MPa，静置，将浸泡后的基础面料取出，烘干，得初步处理面料；
(4)按重量份数计，取130～150份乙醇溶液、30～50份初步处理面料、11～13份添加剂、5～7份渗透剂、1～3份调理剂，搅拌均匀，使用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0，在50～55℃下静置，调节pH至中性，过滤，烘干，即得高强阻燃面料。所述步骤(1)中改性纤维的制备方法为将二甲基甲酰胺、水与氨纶按质量比9:3:1～3进行混合，放入氨纶质量35～40％的混合料，升温，升压，搅拌，冷却，出料，旋转蒸发，热熔，成丝，即得改性纤维。
所述混合料为二甲基氯硅烷、二甲基硅二醇按等质量比混合而成。
所述步骤(3)中浸泡液为将聚磷酸铵、水及改性剂按质量比9:16:1～3混合均匀，氮气保护，在130～150℃搅拌反应，冷却，即得浸泡液。
所述改性剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷中的任意一种。
所述步骤(4)中渗透剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、快速渗透剂T中的任意一种。
所述步骤(4)中调理剂为壳聚糖。
所述步骤(4)中添加剂为四硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯中的任意一种。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
本发明在纺织过程中加入改性纤维，改性纤维通过以氨纶作为基础原料，通过利用混合料对氨纶表面进行改性，一是可以提高其疏水性能，二是可以提高与其他纤维之间的结合度，同时增强了纤维耐火性能，增加阻燃性，随后通过进行纺织后，再放入浸泡液中，进行浸泡，浸泡液通过利用改性剂对聚磷酸铵进行改性，一是提高疏水性，增加与面料的结合，增加阻燃性能，二是可以与渗透剂进行复配更好浸润至面料内部，增加阻燃性，同时通过添加剂进行反应，附着在面料表面增加强度，同时在遇热过程中，可以起到很好的阻燃效果。
具体实施方式
改性纤维的制备方法为将二甲基甲酰胺、水与氨纶按质量比9:3:1～3进行混合，放入氨纶质量35～40％的混合料，升温至130～135℃，升压0.4MPa，搅拌5h，冷却至室温，出料，旋转蒸发，热熔，成丝，即得改性纤维。
混合料为二甲基氯硅烷、二甲基硅二醇按等质量比混合而成。
浸泡液为将聚磷酸铵、水及改性剂按质量比9:16:1～3混合均匀，氮气保护，在130～150℃搅拌反应，冷却，即得浸泡液。
改性剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷中的任意一种。渗透剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、快速渗透剂T中的任意一种。
调理剂为壳聚糖。
添加剂为四硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯中的任意一种。
一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份数计，取80～85份腈纶纤维、20～25份棉纤维、6～9份改性纤维混合均匀，依次进行开松清理、梳棉、梳棉条、并条、粗纱、细纱、络筒、蒸纱、并线、倍捻、蒸纱，得纱线；
(2)将纱线进行整经、穿综穿筘、上机织造、坯布物性检测、修布、验坯处理、水洗及烘干，得基础面料；
(3)将基础面料放入浸泡液中，升温至80～90℃，升压至1.2～1.8MPa，静置6h，将浸泡后的基础面料取出，烘干，得初步处理面料；
(4)按重量份数计，取130～150份乙醇溶液、30～50份初步处理面料、11～13份添加剂、5～7份渗透剂、1～3份调理剂，搅拌均匀，使用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0，在50～55℃下静置4～6h，调节pH至中性，过滤，烘干，即得高强阻燃面料。
实施例1
改性纤维的制备方法为将二甲基甲酰胺、水与氨纶按质量比9:3:3进行混合，放入氨纶质量40％的混合料，升温至135℃，升压0.4MPa，搅拌5h，冷却至室温，出料，旋转蒸发，热熔，成丝，即得改性纤维。
混合料为二甲基氯硅烷、二甲基硅二醇按等质量比混合而成。
浸泡液为将聚磷酸铵、水及改性剂按质量比9:16:3混合均匀，氮气保护，在150℃搅拌反应，冷却，即得浸泡液。
改性剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷。
渗透剂为快速渗透剂T。
调理剂为壳聚糖。
添加剂为四硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯中的任意一种。
一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份数计，取85份腈纶纤维、25份棉纤维、9份改性纤维混合均匀，依次进行开松清理、梳棉、梳棉条、并条、粗纱、细纱、络筒、蒸纱、并线、倍捻、蒸纱，得纱线；
(2)将纱线进行整经、穿综穿筘、上机织造、坯布物性检测、修布、验坯处理、水洗及烘干，得基础面料；
(3)将基础面料放入浸泡液中，升温至90℃，升压至1.8MPa，静置6h，将浸泡后的基础面料取出，烘干，得初步处理面料；
(4)按重量份数计，取150份乙醇溶液、50份初步处理面料、13份添加剂、7份渗透剂、3份调理剂，搅拌均匀，使用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0，在55℃下静置6h，调节pH至中性，过滤，烘干，即得高强阻燃面料。
实施例2
改性纤维的制备方法为将二甲基甲酰胺、水与氨纶按质量比9:3:2进行混合，放入氨纶质量38％的混合料，升温至133℃，升压0.4MPa，搅拌5h，冷却至室温，出料，旋转蒸发，热熔，成丝，即得改性纤维。
混合料为二甲基氯硅烷、二甲基硅二醇按等质量比混合而成。
浸泡液为将聚磷酸铵、水及改性剂按质量比9:16:2混合均匀，氮气保护，在140℃搅拌反应，冷却，即得浸泡液。
改性剂为乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷。
渗透剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
调理剂为壳聚糖。
添加剂为四硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯中的任意一种。
一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份数计，取83份腈纶纤维、23份棉纤维、8份改性纤维混合均匀，依次进行开松清理、梳棉、梳棉条、并条、粗纱、细纱、络筒、蒸纱、并线、倍捻、蒸纱，得纱线；
(2)将纱线进行整经、穿综穿筘、上机织造、坯布物性检测、修布、验坯处理、水洗及烘干，得基础面料；
(3)将基础面料放入浸泡液中，升温至85℃，升压至1.5MPa，静置6h，将浸泡后的基础面料取出，烘干，得初步处理面料；
(4)按重量份数计，取140份乙醇溶液、40份初步处理面料、12份添加剂、6份渗透剂、2份调理剂，搅拌均匀，使用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0，在53℃下静置5h，调节pH至中性，过滤，烘干，即得高强阻燃面料。
实施例3
改性纤维的制备方法为将二甲基甲酰胺、水与氨纶按质量比9:3:1进行混合，放入氨纶质量35％的混合料，升温至130℃，升压0.4MPa，搅拌5h，冷却至室温，出料，旋转蒸发，热熔，成丝，即得改性纤维。
混合料为二甲基氯硅烷、二甲基硅二醇按等质量比混合而成。
浸泡液为将聚磷酸铵、水及改性剂按质量比9:16:1混合均匀，氮气保护，在130℃搅拌反应，冷却，即得浸泡液。
改性剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷。
渗透剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
调理剂为壳聚糖。
添加剂为四硅酸乙酯。
一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份数计，取80份腈纶纤维、20份棉纤维、6份改性纤维混合均匀，依次进行开松清理、梳棉、梳棉条、并条、粗纱、细纱、络筒、蒸纱、并线、倍捻、蒸纱，得纱线；
(2)将纱线进行整经、穿综穿筘、上机织造、坯布物性检测、修布、验坯处理、水洗及烘干，得基础面料；
(3)将基础面料放入浸泡液中，升温至80℃，升压至1.2MPa，静置6h，将浸泡后的基础面料取出，烘干，得初步处理面料；
(4)按重量份数计，取130份乙醇溶液、30份初步处理面料、11份添加剂、5份渗透剂、1份调理剂，搅拌均匀，使用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0，在50℃下静置4h，调节pH至中性，过滤，烘干，即得高强阻燃面料。
对比例1
浸泡液为将聚磷酸铵、水及改性剂按质量比9:16:2混合均匀，氮气保护，在140℃搅拌反应，冷却，即得浸泡液。
改性剂为乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷。
渗透剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
调理剂为壳聚糖。
添加剂为四硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯中的任意一种。
一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份数计，取83份腈纶纤维、23份棉纤维混合均匀，依次进行开松清理、梳棉、梳棉条、并条、粗纱、细纱、络筒、蒸纱、并线、倍捻、蒸纱，得纱线；
(2)将纱线进行整经、穿综穿筘、上机织造、坯布物性检测、修布、验坯处理、水洗及烘干，得基础面料；
(3)将基础面料放入浸泡液中，升温至85℃，升压至1.5MPa，静置6h，将浸泡后的基础面料取出，烘干，得初步处理面料；
(4)按重量份数计，取140份乙醇溶液、40份初步处理面料、12份添加剂、6份渗透剂、2份调理剂，搅拌均匀，使用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0，在53℃下静置5h，调节pH至中性，过滤，烘干，即得高强阻燃面料。
对比例2
改性纤维的制备方法为将二甲基甲酰胺、水与氨纶按质量比9:3:2进行混合，放入氨纶质量38％的混合料，升温至133℃，升压0.4MPa，搅拌5h，冷却至室温，出料，旋转蒸发，热熔，成丝，即得改性纤维。
混合料为二甲基氯硅烷、二甲基硅二醇按等质量比混合而成。
改性剂为乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷。
渗透剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。
调理剂为壳聚糖。
添加剂为四硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯中的任意一种。
一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份数计，取83份腈纶纤维、23份棉纤维、8份改性纤维混合均匀，依次进行开松清理、梳棉、梳棉条、并条、粗纱、细纱、络筒、蒸纱、并线、倍捻、蒸纱，得纱线；
(2)将纱线进行整经、穿综穿筘、上机织造、坯布物性检测、修布、验坯处理、水洗及烘干，得基础面料；
(3)将基础面料放入水中，升温至85℃，升压至1.5MPa，静置6h，将浸泡后的基础面料取出，烘干，得初步处理面料；
(4)按重量份数计，取140份乙醇溶液、40份初步处理面料、12份添加剂、6份渗透剂、2份调理剂，搅拌均匀，使用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0，在53℃下静置5h，调节pH至中性，过滤，烘干，即得高强阻燃面料。
将对比例和实施例进行检测，检测结果如下表：
拉伸断裂强度/N 续燃时间/s 阴燃时间/s
实施例1 832 1.6 1.8
实施例2 841 1.3 1.6
实施例3 835 1.7 1.9
对比例1 762 2.6 2.8
对比例2 723 3.1 2.9
综上所述，本发明制备的高强阻燃面料具有较好的性能。

Claims (8)

1.一种高强阻燃面料的制备方法，其特征在于，该制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份数计，取80～85份腈纶纤维、20～25份棉纤维、6～9份改性纤维混合均匀，依次进行开松清理、梳棉、梳棉条、并条、粗纱、细纱、络筒、蒸纱、并线、倍捻、蒸纱，得纱线；
(2)将纱线进行整经、穿综穿筘、上机织造、坯布物性检测、修布、验坯处理、水洗及烘干，得基础面料；
(3)将基础面料放入浸泡液中，升温至80～90℃，升压至1.2～1.8MPa，静置，将浸泡后的基础面料取出，烘干，得初步处理面料；
(4)按重量份数计，取130～150份乙醇溶液、30～50份初步处理面料、11～13份添加剂、5～7份渗透剂、1～3份调理剂，搅拌均匀，使用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0，在50～55℃下静置，调节pH至中性，过滤，烘干，即得高强阻燃面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强阻燃面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中改性纤维的制备方法为将二甲基甲酰胺、水与氨纶按质量比9:3:1～3进行混合，放入氨纶质量35～40％的混合料，升温，升压，搅拌，冷却，出料，旋转蒸发，热熔，成丝，即得改性纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高强阻燃面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述混合料为二甲基氯硅烷、二甲基硅二醇按等质量比混合而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强阻燃面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中浸泡液为将聚磷酸铵、水及改性剂按质量比9:16:1～3混合均匀，氮气保护，在130～150℃搅拌反应，冷却，即得浸泡液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高强阻燃面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述改性剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高强阻燃面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中渗透剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、快速渗透剂T中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高强阻燃面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中调理剂为壳聚糖。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高强阻燃面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中添加剂为四硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯中的任意一种。
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