CN111152441A - 用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的设备 - Google Patents

用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的设备 Download PDF

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CN111152441A
CN111152441A CN202010207492.7A CN202010207492A CN111152441A CN 111152441 A CN111152441 A CN 111152441A CN 202010207492 A CN202010207492 A CN 202010207492A CN 111152441 A CN111152441 A CN 111152441A
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screw
raw material
extrusion
temperature
forming
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汤善国
李立辉
汤瑜
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Zhejiang Huamiao Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/275—Recovery or reuse of energy or materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/355—Conveyors for extruded articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92514—Pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的设备，属于复合橡胶挤出成型领域，包括电机及减速传动装置、加料装置、螺杆、机筒、机头、挤出装置、成型采集及废料回收装置、电控柜、控制柜。本发明机筒采用多段温控区间联动控制，提高温控精度，采用压力反馈式控制，提高压力控制精度，在挤出装置中使原料分成两股，在成型模具中通过两个成型滚筒压制充气颗粒，并回收条状废料用于再次挤出成型。本发明提高了挤出机温度和压力控制精度，降低了石墨烯橡胶材料黏连螺杆概率，实现了一种连续生产石墨烯橡胶充气颗粒的成型模具，有效提高了生产效率。

Description

用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及复合橡胶挤出成型技术，更具体的说，涉及一种用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的设备。
背景技术
螺杆挤出机常用于加工热塑性制品，是一种通过螺杆旋转产生高温高压使塑料颗粒原料熔融，形成粘流态，挤出后在模具中冷却定型的机械，主要由传动机构、加料机构、料筒、螺杆、机头、口模六个部分组成。
物料从加料口进入机筒，在螺杆的转动传动力作用下向前运动，在运动过程中，在螺杆的剪切力、压力以及机筒的加热装置作用下熔融，然后经过具有一定形状的口模，形成横截面与口模形状相仿的连续制品。
石墨烯类橡胶复合材料产品的挤出成型工艺特殊，其熔化温度低、粘度大、对温度和压力较为敏感；温度过高，原料容易塑化，温度过低，原料流动性降低，容易黏连在螺杆上。
因此，石墨烯类橡胶复合材料对挤出机螺杆性能、温压控制***、挤出成型装备都有较高要求。
常规挤出机温度控制精度不高，压力控制通常由用户手动调节螺杆转速实现，难以满足石墨烯类橡胶复合材料加工要求。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供了一种用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的成套设备。
本发明包括电机及减速传动装置、加料装置、螺杆，机筒、机头、挤出装置和成型采集及废料回收装置。
在机筒上设置有加料装置，在机筒内设置有螺杆，螺杆的一端与电机及减速传动装置连接，另一端设置在机头内，机头的下方连接挤出装置，成型采集及废料回收装置设置在挤出装置的下方。
所述的机筒表面均匀分布多个独立的带有测温功能的加热装置，形成多个独立温控区域；所述螺杆内部安装冷却装置，加热装置和冷却装置通过温度控制器控制，某一温控区域温度设定时引入其余温控区域的温度作为参考因素；所述的机筒末端安装有压力传感器，用于反馈石墨烯类橡胶材料在挤出前的压力值，根据当前的压力值来调节螺杆转速。
所述的挤出装置包括原料分流气孔，所述原料分流气孔下设有原料分流孔，用于将熔融物料预处理成两股，所述原料分流孔下设有原料流道，所述原料流道***设有原料保温模块，所述原料流道末端连接导流挡板。
所述的成型采集及废料回收装置包括两个成型滚，所述成型滚并排放置，反向旋转运动。所述成型滚各由一个伺服电机控制，两个伺服电机同步动作。所述成型滚下方安装成型牵引及废料回收滚筒，所述成型牵引及废料回收滚筒下方安装倾斜的成品回收滑道。
进一步说，所述的螺杆表面进行镀铬处理，螺棱宽度为3.4mm，高度为4.3mm，螺距为25mm。
进一步说，当压力高于6.2Mpa时，降低螺杆转速，同时提高加热温度，当压力低于5.8Mpa时，提高螺杆转速，同时降低加热温度。
进一步说，原料流道***的所述原料保温模块用于将原料保持在100℃。
进一步说，所述的成型牵引及废料回收滚筒用于回收条状挤出原料去除成型部分后剩余的条状带圆孔废料，该废料可再次投入喂料装置。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明通过在机筒表面安装有数据交互的独立温控单元，可以实现前馈反馈温度控制，有效提高机筒温度控制精度。
本发明在机筒末端安装压力传感器，通过反馈控制，实现石墨烯类橡胶材料在挤出前压力稳定，提高产品质量。
本发明通过螺杆表面处理，提高螺杆硬度，可减少低温、高粘石墨烯类橡胶材料对螺杆的磨损，通过设计合适的棱宽、棱高、螺距，可减少黏连，降低螺杆养护成本。
本发明挤出装置通过原料分流气孔可以提高分流效率，通过流道以及保温装置，可以使原料挤出时保持理想状态。
本发明成型采集及废料回收装置通过两个同步伺服电机控制成型滚以相对方向同步运动，保证成型腔始终对齐。
本发明成型采集及废料回收装置可以回收条状挤出原料去除成型部分后剩余的条状带圆孔废料，用于再次投入喂料装置，提高利用率。
附图说明
图1为用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的成套设备结构示意图；
图2为机筒与螺杆的结构示意图；
图3为挤出装置结构示意图；
图4为成型采集及废料回收装置正视图；
图5为成型采集及废料回收装置左视图；
图6为成型采集及废料回收装置俯视图；
图中标号说明：
1-电机及减速传动装置，2-加料装置，3-螺杆，301-冷却管，302-螺棱，4-机筒，401-加热器，402-压力传感器，5-机头，6-挤出装置，601-原料分流气孔，602-原料分流孔，603-分流保温模块，604-原料流道，605-导流挡板，7-成型采集及废料回收装置，701-成型滚1,702-成型滚2,703-成型模具2驱动电机，704-成型模具1驱动电机，705-成型牵引电机，706-成型牵引及废料回收滚筒，707-成品收集滑道，708-成品收集电机，8-电机、温度、压力控制柜，9设备供电控制柜。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明包括电机及减速传动装置、加料装置、螺杆，机筒、机头、挤出装置和成型采集及废料回收装置。
本发明在机筒表面均匀分布四个独立测温、加热装置，同时在螺杆内部安装冷却装置，加热装置和冷却装置通过温度控制器控制，某一温控区域计算执行机构动作时引入其余温控区域的温度作为计算变量。
本发明在机筒末端安装压力传感器，通过压力反馈控制调节螺杆转速。当压力高于6.2Mpa时，降低螺杆转速，同时提高加热温度，当压力低于5.8Mpa时，提高螺杆转速，同时降低加热温度。
本发明挤出装置包括原料分流气孔，所述原料分流气孔下设有原料分流孔，所述原料分流孔下设有原料流道，所述原料流道***设有原料保温模块，所述原料流道末端连接导流挡板。
本发明成型采集及废料回收装置包括两个成型滚，所述成型滚并排放置，反向旋转运动。所述成型滚各由一个伺服电机控制，所述伺服电机同步动作。所述成型滚下方安装成型牵引及废料回收滚筒，所述成型牵引及废料回收滚筒由一个伺服电机控制。所述成型牵引及废料回收滚筒下方安装倾斜的成品回收滑道。所述成品回收滑道末端安装成品收集电机。
实施例为基于一种石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型设备的加工流程：
如图1和图2所示，物料放入加料装置2中，运行电机及减速传动装置1，螺杆3转动，推动物料在机筒4中向前运动，整体由设备供电控制柜9供电，其中本实施例中的螺杆表面进行镀铬处理，螺棱302的宽度为3.4mm，高度为4.3mm，螺距为25mm。
加热器401（即加热装置），检测机筒温度，电机、温度、压力控制柜8计算加热和冷却管301（即冷却装置）期望状态并控制相应的执行机构动作，使得物料的最小压力不低于5Mpa，温度控制在90~120℃。
机筒末端的压力传感器402检测物料压力，电机、温度、压力控制柜8计算电机及减速传动装置期望动作并控制电机转速。
如图3所示，熔融物料进入挤出装置6后，通过原料分流气孔601，原料分流气孔601将熔融物料预处理成两股，然后通过原料分流孔602，形成两股物料。物料在原料流道604中降温冷却，通过分流保温模块603保持一定温度，优选100℃，使其维持在期望状态。
如图4、图5和图6所示，两股物料离开原料流道后，沿着导流挡板605进入成型采集及废料回收装置7。成型采集及废料回收装置7中的两个伺服驱动电机703、704带动成型滚701、702转动。两股物料落在成型滚701、702交点90°范围内，由两个成型滚701、702挤压形成小球，并在成型滚内的成型腔完成颗粒的充气。
生成的小球颗粒从两股物料条上掉落，沿着成品收集滑道707，滚动到成品收集电机708下方，完成产品采集。
去掉小球的两股物料落在成型牵引及废料回收滚筒706上，成型牵引及废料回收滚筒由成型牵引电机705控制，实现废料收集；收集的废料切断后可重新投放到加料装置中。
综上，本实施例筒采用多段温控区间联动控制，提高温控精度；采用压力反馈式控制，提高压力控制精度，在挤出装置中使原料分成两股，在成型模具中通过两个成型滚筒压制充气颗粒，并回收条状废料用于再次挤出成型。提高了挤出机温度和压力控制精度，降低了石墨烯橡胶材料黏连螺杆概率，实现了一种连续生产石墨烯橡胶充气颗粒的成型模具。

Claims (5)

1.用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的成套设备，包括电机及减速传动装置、加料装置、螺杆，机筒、机头、挤出装置和成型采集及废料回收装置；
在机筒上设置有加料装置，在机筒内设置有螺杆，螺杆的一端与电机及减速传动装置连接，另一端设置在机头内，机头的下方连接挤出装置，成型采集及废料回收装置设置在挤出装置的下方，其特征在于，
所述的机筒表面均匀分布多个独立的带有测温功能的加热装置，形成多个独立温控区域；所述螺杆内部安装冷却装置，加热装置和冷却装置通过温度控制器控制，某一温控区域温度设定时引入其余温控区域的温度作为参考因素；所述的机筒末端安装有压力传感器，用于反馈石墨烯类橡胶材料在挤出前的压力值，根据当前的压力值来调节螺杆转速；
所述的挤出装置包括原料分流气孔，所述原料分流气孔下设有原料分流孔，用于将熔融物料预处理成两股，所述原料分流孔下设有原料流道，所述原料流道***设有原料保温模块，所述原料流道末端连接导流挡板；
所述的成型采集及废料回收装置包括两个成型滚，所述成型滚并排放置，反向旋转运动；所述成型滚各由一个伺服电机控制，两个伺服电机同步动作，所述成型滚下方安装成型牵引及废料回收滚筒，所述成型牵引及废料回收滚筒下方安装倾斜的成品回收滑道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的成套设备，其特征在于：所述的螺杆表面进行镀铬处理，螺棱宽度为3.4mm，高度为4.3mm，螺距为25mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的成套设备，其特征在于：当压力高于6.2Mpa时，降低螺杆转速，同时提高加热温度，当压力低于5.8Mpa时，提高螺杆转速，同时降低加热温度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的成套设备，其特征在于：原料流道***的所述原料保温模块用于将原料保持在100℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于石墨烯类橡胶充气颗粒挤出成型的成套设备，其特征在于：所述的成型牵引及废料回收滚筒用于回收条状挤出原料去除成型部分后剩余的条状带圆孔废料，该废料可再次投入喂料装置。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117521430A (zh) * 2024-01-08 2024-02-06 武汉理工大学 一种空心型材挤压模具分流孔快速优化方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117521430A (zh) * 2024-01-08 2024-02-06 武汉理工大学 一种空心型材挤压模具分流孔快速优化方法
CN117521430B (zh) * 2024-01-08 2024-03-26 武汉理工大学 一种空心型材挤压模具分流孔快速优化方法

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