CN111146810B - Three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter and optical fiber communication control method thereof - Google Patents
Three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter and optical fiber communication control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111146810B CN111146810B CN202010065214.2A CN202010065214A CN111146810B CN 111146810 B CN111146810 B CN 111146810B CN 202010065214 A CN202010065214 A CN 202010065214A CN 111146810 B CN111146810 B CN 111146810B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter and a communication control method thereof, which are characterized by comprising a power unit part and a main controller part, wherein the power unit part is a cascade inversion array consisting of 18 power unit modules (PMUs); the main controller part comprises a main control panel (MU), an analog quantity panel (AU) and a digital quantity panel (DU), and the input end of each PMU is connected with a photovoltaic panel unit body to form a small photovoltaic inverter system. The invention has the advantages of high voltage grade, large power grade, stable performance and the like, and can directly carry out high-voltage grid connection without a transformer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter and an optical fiber communication control method thereof, belonging to the field of optical fiber communication.
Background
Solar power generation is a clean and efficient power generation mode, and solar energy is safe, general, large in quantity, inexhaustible and inexhaustible. Photovoltaic inversion is one of the most important means for obtaining solar energy. The cascade photovoltaic inverter is formed by cascading a plurality of independent photovoltaic inverters, the inverters need to work cooperatively, and a good communication technology is a premise for controlling each photovoltaic inverter unit, so that the control of each unit photovoltaic inverter needs to be strengthened.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to design a three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter system to solve the demand of photovoltaic power generation, and simultaneously, the three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter system has the characteristics of high voltage level, large power level, stable performance and capability of directly carrying out high-voltage grid connection without a transformer.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter which is characterized by comprising a power unit part and a main controller part, wherein the power unit part is a cascade inversion array consisting of 18 power unit modules (PMUs); the main controller part comprises a main control panel (MU), an analog quantity panel (AU) and a digital quantity panel (DU), and the input end of each PMU is connected with a photovoltaic panel unit body to form a small photovoltaic inverter system.
Preferably, the PMU comprises a Boost voltage boosting circuit and an H-bridge inverter circuit; the H-bridge inverter circuit consists of four switching tubes with anti-parallel diodes, the switching tubes and the switching tubes of the Boost circuit are 5 switching tubes in total, each PMU adopts DSP and FPGA as processors to process data and control the 5 switching tubes, the photovoltaic panel unit bodies are connected to the input end of the Boost circuit, and the output end of the Boost circuit is connected to the input end of the H-bridge inverter circuit; output sides of H-bridge inverter circuits of the PMUs are connected in series two by two, 3 groups of inverters connected in series adopt star connection to form a three-phase circuit and are merged into a power grid, and each phase is connected into one phase of the power grid through a reactor.
Preferably, the main controller part comprises a main control board (MU), three analog boards (AU1, AU2 and AU3) and a digital board (DU), wherein the three AU boards measure the grid voltage, the inverter output voltage and the inverter output current respectively.
Preferably, the main control board (MU) adopts DSP and FPGA as a processor to process data, wherein the DSP performs algorithm processing; the FPGA and the outside are subjected to interface control, and all optical fiber communications are connected to the FPGA for processing.
Preferably, the three analog quantity boards (AU1, AU2 and AU3) respectively collect three-phase voltage of a power grid, three-phase voltage output by the whole inverter and three-phase current output by the whole inverter and send signals to the MU through optical fiber communication, the signals are put into the SRAM by the FPGA of the MU, then the signals are read by the DSP, and corresponding operations are executed by DSP software.
Preferably, the digital volume board DU is in fiber communication with the MU, the MU transmits a Digital Output (DO) signal to the DU, and the DU transmits a Digital Input (DI) signal to the MU.
The invention also provides an optical fiber communication control method of the three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter, which is characterized by comprising a main control board (MU), a power unit module (PMU), an analog quantity board (AU) and a digital quantity board (DU), wherein the analog quantity board (AU) collects each analog quantity, analog-digital conversion signals are sent to the main control board (MU) through optical fiber communication, the digital quantity board (DU) is in optical fiber communication with the main control board (MU), receives digital quantity output signals and sends digital quantity input signals to the main control board (MU), each PMU is in optical fiber communication with the main control board (MU), receives main control instructions and sends unit states to a main controller.
Preferably, the PMU collects voltage and current of the unit photovoltaic panel and bus voltage output by the Boost circuit, maximum power point tracking MPPT is achieved by controlling the Boost chopper switch, unit states such as the voltage and the current of the unit photovoltaic panel and the bus voltage output by the Boost circuit are sent to the MU through optical fiber communication, the MU sends sine pulse width comparison values of all phases to the PMUs through optical fiber communication according to corresponding phases, and the PMU performs phase shift carrier control according to the received sine pulse width comparison values and the current PMU in-phase cascade position, so that an H-bridge inverter circuit of the PMU outputs pulse width modulation voltage to achieve cascade grid-connected control.
The invention provides a three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter and an optical fiber communication control method thereof, which are used for meeting the requirements of photovoltaic power generation, have the advantages of high voltage level, high power level, stable performance and the like, can be directly used for high-voltage grid connection without a transformer, and save the cost and the space occupation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a connection structure of a photovoltaic panel unit body and a PMU;
FIG. 2 is a cascaded grid-connected graph of cascaded photovoltaic inverters;
FIG. 3 is a communication structure diagram of a cascaded photovoltaic inverter;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of DU and MU communication;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of AU and MU communication;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of MU-PMU communication;
FIG. 7 is a signaling diagram of the MU and the PUM;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of the entire system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the main structure of the three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter includes two parts, namely a power unit and a main controller; the power unit part is a cascade inversion array consisting of 18 power unit modules (PMUs); the main controller part comprises a main control board (MU), three analog boards (AU1, AU2 and AU3) and a digital board (DU). The MU is controlled by DSP (F28M35) and FPGA (EP4CE10F17C 8).
As shown in fig. 1, each power unit module is an individual photovoltaic inverter, and includes a Boost voltage Boost circuit and an H-bridge inverter circuit; the inverter circuit consists of four switching tubes with anti-parallel diodes, and the number of the switching tubes is 5 in total together with the switching tubes of the Boost circuit. Each PMU uses a DSP (TMS320F28035) and an FPGA (EP4CE6F17C8) as processors to perform data processing and control 5 switching tubes. The photovoltaic panel unit body is connected to the input end of the Boost circuit, and the output end of the Boost circuit is connected to the input end of the H-bridge inverter circuit; the voltage obtained by the photovoltaic panel unit bodies is boosted through a Boost circuit and inverted through an H-bridge inverter circuit. As shown in fig. 2, the output sides of the H-bridge inverter circuits of the plural PMUs are connected in series two by two, 3 groups of inverters connected in series are connected in a star-like manner to form a three-phase circuit, and are merged into a power grid, and each phase is connected to one phase of the power grid through a reactor.
The communication structure diagram in the system is shown in figure 3, and comprises AU, DU, PMU and MU optical fiber communication, wherein the optical fiber communication baud rate is set to be 2Mbps, and 8-bit data is transmitted each time. Each 8-bit data is accompanied by a start bit, a parity bit and a stop bit, and 11-bit data is transmitted each time, the transmission time being 5.5 us.
Referring to fig. 4, three AU boards are provided, AU1 measures the voltage of a power grid, AU2 measures the voltage of three phases output by an inverter, AU3 measures the current of three phases output by the inverter, the electric signals are sent to MU through optical fiber communication, an FPGA of the MU board puts the signals into an SRAM, then a DSP reads the signals, and then DSP software executes corresponding operation.
As shown in fig. 5, the DU performs optical fiber communication with the MU board, provides input signals such as start-up and shutdown for the MU board, and outputs operation state information of the MU, such as a normal operation state, a fault state, and an alarm state; digital quantity DI output by a button on the DU board enters the DU and is sent to the MU through an optical fiber, a DI signal is stored in the SRAM by the MU board FPGA, then the DI signal is read by the DSP, and corresponding operation is executed by the DSP software. The MU sends an operation state signal to the DU, the DU sends a digital quantity signal DO to the external indicating lamp, and the corresponding indicating lamp is lightened according to the operation state.
Each PMU carries out independent MPPT control, and the PMU gathers the voltage, the electric current of photovoltaic board unit body and the busbar voltage of Boost circuit output, realizes maximum power point tracking MPPT through controlling Boost chopper switch, sends unit states such as the voltage of photovoltaic board unit body, electric current and the busbar voltage of Boost circuit output for MU through fiber communication simultaneously. The MU board FPGA puts the signals into SRAM, then DSP reads the signals, and DSP software executes corresponding operation.
The MU board DSP calculates the three-phase sine pulse width comparison value and puts it into SRAM; and the MU board FPGA sends the sine pulse width comparison value of each phase to each PMU according to the corresponding phase through optical fiber communication, and the PMU performs phase-shifting carrier control according to the received sine pulse width comparison value and the current PMU in-phase cascade position, so that an H-bridge inverter circuit of the PMU outputs Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) voltage, and cascade grid-connected control is realized.
During grid-connected control, data sent to the PMU by the MU each time is a 16-bit sine pulse width comparison value (the upper 3 bits are 000, the lower 13 bits are effective) and a 16-bit CRC check value, 32 bits of data are sent in 4 times, 8 bits are sent each time, 8 bits of data sent each time are accompanied by a start bit, a parity check bit and a stop bit, the time of sending each time is 5.5us, and the time duration of sending 4 times is 22 us.
As shown in fig. 7, each actual data string is 11 bits, a 12-bit low-level signal of 6us is set as a synchronization header, and after sending the synchronization header, 2us is waited to send a 22us data signal, and one data transmission is completed. The interval between the two transmissions is: 50us (20 kHz). The MU sends a signal to the PMU.
The FPGA on the unit body generates symmetrical PWM waveforms by adopting an up-down counting comparison mode, the period of each PWM is 100us, and the frequency is 10 kHz. The clock frequency of the counts was 10k (3000 x 2) to 60 MHz. Using a carrier phase shifting technique, the modulated waves in the individual photovoltaic inverters of each phase are separated by one sixth of a cycle to reduce harmonics on the phases.
Claims (6)
1. A three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter is characterized by comprising a power unit part and a main controller part, wherein the power unit part is a cascade inversion array consisting of 18 power unit modules (PMUs); the main controller part comprises a main control panel MU, an analog quantity panel AU and a digital quantity panel DU, wherein the input end of each power unit module PMU is connected with a photovoltaic panel unit body to form a small photovoltaic inverter system;
the power unit module PMU comprises a Boost voltage boosting circuit and an H-bridge inverter circuit; the H-bridge inverter circuit consists of four switching tubes with anti-parallel diodes, the switching tubes and the switching tubes of the Boost circuit are 5 switching tubes in total, each power unit module PMU adopts DSP and FPGA as processors to process data and control the 5 switching tubes, the photovoltaic panel unit bodies are connected to the input end of the Boost circuit, and the output end of the Boost circuit is connected to the input end of the H-bridge inverter circuit; the output sides of H-bridge inverter circuits of a plurality of power unit module PMUs are connected in series two by two, 3 groups of inverters connected in series adopt star connection to form a three-phase circuit and are merged into a power grid, and each phase is connected into one phase of the power grid through a reactor;
the main controller part comprises a main control board MU, three analog quantity boards AU and a digital quantity board DU, wherein the three analog quantity boards AU are used for respectively measuring the grid voltage, the inverter output voltage and the inverter output current;
the DSP of the main control board MU calculates a three-phase sine pulse width comparison value and puts the three-phase sine pulse width comparison value into the SRAM; the FPGA of the main control panel MU sends the sine pulse width comparison value of each phase to each power unit module PMU through optical fiber communication according to the corresponding phase, and the power unit module PMU performs phase-shift carrier control according to the received sine pulse width comparison value and the current in-phase cascade position of the power unit module PMU, so that an H-bridge inverter circuit of the power unit module PMU outputs Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) voltage to realize cascade grid-connected control;
during grid-connected control, data sent to a power unit module PMU by a main control board MU each time is a 16-bit sine pulse width comparison value and a 16-bit CRC check value, the high 3-bit is 000, the low 13-bit is effective, the data is totally 32-bit data and is sent in 4 times, 8-bit data is sent each time, the 8-bit data sent each time is accompanied by a start bit, a parity check bit and a stop bit, the fiber communication baud rate is set to be 2Mbps, the time for sending the data each time is 5.5us, and the time for sending the data 4 times is totally 22 us;
actually, each string of data is 11 bits, a 12-bit 6us low level signal is set as a synchronization header, 2us data signals of 22us are transmitted after the synchronization header is transmitted, one data transmission is completed, and the interval between two transmissions of the signals transmitted by the main control board MU to the power unit module PMU is 50us (20 kHz).
2. The three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main control board MU adopts DSP and FPGA as processors for data processing, wherein the DSP performs algorithm processing; the FPGA and the outside are subjected to interface control, and all optical fiber communications are connected to the FPGA for processing.
3. The three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three analog quantity boards AU collect three-phase voltage of a power grid, the whole inverter outputs three-phase voltage, and the whole inverter outputs three-phase current respectively, and the signals are transmitted to the main control board MU through optical fiber communication, the signals are put into the SRAM by the FPGA of the main control board MU, then the signals are read by the DSP, and then the corresponding operation is executed by the DSP software.
4. The three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the digital quantity board DU is in optical fiber communication with the main control board MU, the main control board MU sends a digital quantity output DO signal to the digital quantity board DU, and the digital quantity board DU sends a digital quantity input DI signal to the main control board MU.
5. An optical fiber communication control method of a three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized by comprising a main control board MU, a power unit module PMU, an analog quantity board AU and a digital quantity board DU, wherein the analog quantity board AU collects each analog quantity, analog-to-digital conversion signals are sent to the main control board MU through optical fiber communication, the digital quantity board DU is in optical fiber communication with the main control board MU, receives digital quantity output signals and sends digital quantity input signals to the main control board MU, each power unit module PMU is in optical fiber communication with the main control board MU, receives main control instructions and sends unit states to a main controller.
6. The optical fiber communication control method of the three-phase grid-connected cascade photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the power unit module PMU collects the voltage and the current of the photovoltaic plate unit body and the bus voltage output by the Boost voltage boosting circuit, the maximum power point tracking MPPT is realized by controlling the Boost chopper switch, simultaneously, the voltage and the current of the photovoltaic panel unit bodies, the bus voltage output by a Boost circuit and the unit state are sent to a main control panel MU through optical fiber communication, the main control panel MU sends the sine pulse width comparison value of each phase to each power unit module PMU through optical fiber communication according to the corresponding phase, the power unit module PMU carries out phase-shift carrier control according to the received sine pulse width comparison value and the current in-phase cascade position of the power unit module PMU, and the H-bridge inverter circuit of the power unit module PMU outputs Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) voltage to realize cascade grid-connected control.
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