CN111146472B - Hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents
Hydrogen fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111146472B CN111146472B CN202010020776.5A CN202010020776A CN111146472B CN 111146472 B CN111146472 B CN 111146472B CN 202010020776 A CN202010020776 A CN 202010020776A CN 111146472 B CN111146472 B CN 111146472B
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100491335 Caenorhabditis elegans mat-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
- H01M8/1006—Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrogen fuel cell and an automobile, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a ship applying the hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a plurality of battery units, wherein the battery units comprise a plurality of battery units which are sequentially stacked up and down: the device comprises a conductive corrugated sheet, a sealing rubber pad, upper carbon paper, a membrane electrode and lower carbon paper; the conductive corrugated sheet comprises a plurality of strip-shaped air distribution grooves which are arranged left and right at intervals, the bottom of each air distribution groove is provided with strip-shaped openings which are distributed in the front-back direction, the other end surfaces of each air distribution groove are closed, and the adjacent bottom edges of two adjacent air distribution grooves are connected; the front and rear sides of the sealing rubber pad are provided with air inlet grooves and air outlet grooves, and the inlet of the air inlet grooves and the outlet of the air outlet grooves are respectively positioned at the left and right sides of the sealing rubber pad. The conductive corrugated sheet of the invention directly replaces the combination of the metal corrugated sheet and the metal gas distribution sheet in the prior art, namely, a plurality of flat sheet flow channel metal layers are reduced in the battery unit, so that the internal resistance, the volume and the weight of the hydrogen fuel cell are greatly reduced, and the production and use cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydrogen fuel cell and an automobile, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a ship using the hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
The existing hydrogen fuel cell has large volume, weight and internal resistance, wherein a metal gas distribution sheet and a metal mesh sheet are adopted for uniformly distributing hydrogen.
Therefore, how to reduce the volume and weight of the hydrogen fuel cell is a technical problem in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen fuel cell with small volume and weight, and an automobile, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a ship applying the hydrogen fuel cell.
A hydrogen fuel cell for achieving the object of the present invention includes: a plurality of battery cells stacked up and down, the battery cells including: the device comprises a conductive corrugated sheet, a sealing rubber pad, upper carbon paper, a membrane electrode and lower carbon paper; the conductive corrugated sheet comprises a plurality of strip-shaped air distribution grooves which are arranged left and right alternately, the bottom of each air distribution groove is provided with strip-shaped openings which are distributed in the front-back direction, the other end surfaces of each air distribution groove are closed, and the adjacent bottom edges of two adjacent air distribution grooves are connected; an inlet and an outlet are respectively arranged on the left side edge and the right side edge adjacent to the sealing rubber cushion, and a rectangular hollowed-out part communicated with the inlet and the outlet is arranged in the middle of the sealing rubber cushion; the two ends of the conductive corrugated sheet are provided with a left extending part and a right extending part, and the left extending part and the right extending part are respectively provided with a first through hole and a second through hole which are vertically corresponding to the inlet and the outlet; the width of the upper carbon paper is suitable for enabling two ends of the long-strip-shaped opening of each air distribution groove of the conductive corrugated sheet to be not covered by the upper carbon paper, and the width of the rectangular hollowed-out part is larger than that of the upper carbon paper, so that two long edges of the upper carbon paper are positioned on the inner side of the rectangular hollowed-out part, and two long-strip-shaped gaps are formed; the left end and the right end of the upper carbon paper cover the left end and the right end of the rectangular hollowed-out part.
Hydrogen entering from the first through hole of the conductive corrugated sheet enters each gas distribution groove along the strip-shaped gap through the inlet of the sealing rubber pad, then the hydrogen in each gas distribution groove passes through the upper carbon paper and is uniformly distributed on one side of the membrane electrode, hydrogen ions are generated after the hydrogen reacts with the catalyst on the membrane electrode, and the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode and are combined with oxygen penetrating through the lower carbon paper to generate water; the rest hydrogen is discharged through the outlet and the second through hole in sequence.
The battery units are vertically stacked between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate; an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the upper pressing plate, and sealing rings are respectively arranged on the first through hole and the second through hole of the battery unit; the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively communicated with the first through hole and the second through hole in the battery unit on the top layer in a sealing way through the sealing rings; the left and right ends of the membrane electrode are respectively provided with a first and a second air passing holes which are vertically corresponding to the first and the second through holes; the membrane electrode comprises a membrane electrode body and a wrapping edge which is molded around the membrane electrode body, and the first air passing hole and the second air passing hole are arranged on the wrapping edge; the external dimensions of the upper carbon paper and the lower carbon paper are suitable for covering the membrane electrode body; the two sealing rings on the first through hole and the second through hole are respectively matched with the lower ends of the first air passing hole and the second air passing hole in the other battery unit above in a sealing way, and the through holes on the same side of each battery unit are coaxially distributed to form an air passing channel.
Another hydrogen fuel cell for achieving the object of the present invention includes: a plurality of battery cells stacked up and down, the battery cells including: the device comprises a conductive corrugated sheet, a sealing rubber pad, upper carbon paper, a membrane electrode and lower carbon paper; the conductive corrugated sheet comprises a plurality of strip-shaped air distribution grooves which are arranged left and right alternately, the bottom of each air distribution groove is provided with strip-shaped openings which are distributed in the front-back direction, the other end surfaces of each air distribution groove are closed, and the adjacent bottom edges of two adjacent air distribution grooves are connected; the front side and the rear side adjacent to the sealing rubber pad are provided with air inlet grooves and air outlet grooves, and the inlet of the air inlet grooves and the outlet of the air outlet grooves are respectively positioned adjacent to the left side and the right side of the sealing rubber pad; a rectangular hollowed-out part is arranged at the inner side of the air inlet and outlet groove in the middle of the sealing rubber pad; the two ends of the conductive corrugated sheet are provided with a left extending part and a right extending part, and the left extending part and the right extending part are respectively provided with a first through hole and a second through hole which are vertically corresponding to the inlet and the outlet; the two ends of the strip-shaped opening of each air distribution groove of the conductive corrugated sheet are respectively vertically corresponding to the air inlet groove and the air outlet groove, hydrogen enters the inlet through the first through hole, then sequentially enters each air distribution groove of the conductive corrugated sheet through the air inlet groove, then hydrogen and a catalyst on the membrane electrode react to generate hydrogen ions, the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode to combine with oxygen from the outside and penetrating through the lower carbon paper to generate water, and the rest of the hydrogen is discharged to the outlet through the air outlet groove and is discharged from the second through hole; the upper carbon paper is suitable for covering the rectangular hollowed-out part.
The battery units are vertically stacked between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate; the upper pressing plate is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are respectively communicated with the first through hole and the second through hole in the battery unit on the top layer.
The left and right ends of the membrane electrode are respectively provided with a first air passing hole and a second air passing hole which are vertically corresponding to the inlet and the outlet of the sealing rubber pad.
The membrane electrode comprises a membrane electrode body and a wrapping edge which is molded around the membrane electrode body, and the first air passing hole and the second air passing hole are arranged on the wrapping edge; the lower carbon paper is suitable for covering the membrane electrode body.
Sealing rings are respectively arranged on the first through hole and the second through hole of the battery unit; the two sealing rings are respectively matched with the lower ends of the first and second air passing holes in the other battery unit above in a sealing way, and the through holes on the same side of each battery unit are coaxially distributed to form an air passing channel; and two sealing rings on the battery unit on the top layer are respectively matched with the air inlet and the bottom end opening of the air outlet on the upper pressing plate in a sealing way so as to form an air passage.
The hydrogen circulation process is as follows: hydrogen enters from the air inlet, enters the air inlet through the sealing ring, the first through hole and the inlet, then passes through the carbon paper through each air distribution groove in sequence, reacts with the catalyst to generate hydrogen ions, the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode to combine with oxygen to generate water, and the rest hydrogen is discharged to the outlet through the air outlet groove; the catalyst may be distributed on the upper carbon paper and/or membrane electrode.
The air inlet and the air outlet are respectively arranged on opposite angles adjacent to the upper pressing plate, and the air inlet is arranged above when in use; the peripheral edges of the upper and lower pressing plates are fixed with each other by bolts.
The working method of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises the following steps:
A. when the hydrogen fuel cell is installed, an air outlet of the oxygen feeding device is arranged at one side of each conductive corrugated sheet; or, the conductive corrugated sheets are arranged in a vertical distribution basically, and spaces are arranged above and below the hydrogen fuel cell and are communicated with the outside air;
B. connecting the two electrodes of the load with an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate respectively;
C. the air inlet is communicated with a hydrogen gas source, and then voltage is generated between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate and drives a load; after oxygen in the gaps of adjacent gas distribution grooves of the conductive corrugated sheet passes through the carbon paper, the oxygen is combined with hydrogen ions passing through the membrane electrode to generate water, generate current and drive load, and heat the hydrogen fuel cell to generate hot air so that the hot air flows upwards in the gaps of the gas distribution grooves to update air.
The unmanned aerial vehicle adopts the hydrogen fuel cell as a power source or a power source, and meanwhile, the unmanned aerial vehicle or the automobile or the ship is also provided with a lithium battery as the power source or the power source.
The aircraft adopts the hydrogen fuel cell as a power supply, the aircraft needs manual driving, an electric engine is adopted, and meanwhile, the aircraft is also provided with a lithium battery as a power source.
The hydrogen fuel cell of the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) The structure of the conductive corrugated sheet directly replaces the combination of the metal corrugated sheet and the metal gas distribution sheet in the prior art, and simultaneously omits a metal mesh sheet, namely, a plurality of metal layers are reduced in a battery unit, so that the internal resistance, the volume and the weight of the hydrogen fuel cell are greatly reduced, and the production and use cost is reduced; the gaps between the adjacent air distribution grooves are used for forming strip-shaped grooves, discharging water generated during operation, and flowing air to provide oxygen and dissipate heat. The inner cavity of each gas distribution groove forms a channel for hydrogen to travel and is matched with the upper carbon paper. (2) The conducting corrugated sheet, the sealing rubber pad and the membrane electrode share a channel at the same side, a sealing ring is arranged between adjacent battery units, and the gas passing channels of the adjacent battery units are in sealing fit up and down by pressure, so that the gas passing channels are formed in series. (3) The invention greatly reduces the volume and weight of the hydrogen fuel cell and reduces the production and use costs. The volume and weight of the hydrogen fuel cell are greatly reduced, and the production and use cost is reduced (taking a 500W hydrogen fuel cell as an example, compared with the existing hydrogen fuel cell, the invention has the advantages of 15-30% lighter weight, 15-30% smaller volume, 20-40% lower internal resistance and 30-40% lower cost).
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an exploded structure of a battery cell in a hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an assembled structure of the hydrogen fuel cell;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a stack of a plurality of battery cells of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a further assembly structure of the above-described hydrogen fuel cell;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of the conductive corrugated sheet of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an exploded structure of a battery cell in a second hydrogen fuel cell of the invention;
in the figure: the battery unit 100, the conductive corrugated sheet 1, the first through hole 11, the second through hole 12, the sealing ring 13, the sealing rubber pad 2, the air inlet groove 22, the air outlet groove 23, the upper carbon paper 4, the membrane electrode 5, the membrane electrode body 50, the edge 51, the lower carbon paper 6, the upper pressing plate 8, the air inlet 80, the air outlet 81 and the lower pressing plate 15.
Description of the embodiments
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-6, a hydrogen fuel cell comprising: a plurality of battery cells 100 stacked up and down, characterized in that: the battery cell 100 includes a stack of layers disposed one above the other: the device comprises a conductive corrugated sheet 1, a sealing rubber mat 2, upper carbon paper 4, a membrane electrode 5 and lower carbon paper 6;
the conductive corrugated sheet 1 comprises a plurality of strip-shaped air distribution grooves 10 which are arranged left and right alternately, the bottom of each air distribution groove 10 is provided with strip-shaped openings which are distributed in the front-back direction, the other end surfaces of each air distribution groove 10 are closed, and the adjacent bottom edges of two adjacent air distribution grooves 10 are connected;
an inlet 21 and an outlet 25 are respectively arranged adjacent to the left side edge and the right side edge of the sealing rubber cushion 2, and a rectangular hollowed-out part 24 communicated with the inlet 21 and the outlet 25 is arranged in the middle of the sealing rubber cushion 2;
the two ends of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 are provided with left and right extending parts, and the left and right extending parts are respectively provided with a first through hole 11 and a second through hole 12 which are vertically corresponding to the inlet 21 and the outlet 25;
the width of the upper carbon paper 4 is suitable for making the two ends of the long strip-shaped opening of each air distribution groove 10 of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 not covered by the upper carbon paper 4, and the width of the rectangular hollowed-out part 24 is larger than the width of the upper carbon paper 4, so that the two long edges of the upper carbon paper 4 are positioned at the inner side of the rectangular hollowed-out part 24, and two long strip-shaped gaps are formed;
the left and right ends of the upper carbon paper 4 cover the left and right ends of the rectangular hollowed-out portion 24.
The hydrogen entering from the first through hole 11 of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 enters each gas distribution groove 10 along the strip-shaped gap through the inlet 21 of the sealing rubber pad 2, then the hydrogen in each gas distribution groove 10 passes through the upper carbon paper 4 and is uniformly distributed on one side of the membrane electrode 5, hydrogen ions are generated after the hydrogen reacts with the catalyst on the membrane electrode 5, and the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode and are combined with oxygen penetrating through the lower carbon paper 6 to generate water; the remaining hydrogen is discharged through the outlet 25 and the second through hole 12 in this order.
The plurality of battery units 100 are vertically stacked between the upper and lower pressing plates 8, 15; an air inlet 80 and an air outlet 81 are arranged on the upper pressing plate 8, and sealing rings 13 are respectively arranged on the first through holes 11 and the second through holes 12 on the battery unit 100; the air inlet and outlet ports 80 and 81 are respectively communicated with the first through holes 11 and the second through holes 12 in the top-layer battery unit 100 in a sealing way through the sealing ring 13;
the membrane electrode 5 has first and second air passing holes 52 and 53 respectively corresponding to the first and second through holes 11 and 12 vertically at the left and right ends thereof;
the membrane electrode 5 comprises a membrane electrode body 50 and a wrapping edge 51 which is molded around the membrane electrode body 50, and the first and second air passing holes 52 and 53 are arranged on the wrapping edge 51;
the external dimensions of the upper carbon paper 4 and the lower carbon paper 6 are suitable for covering the membrane electrode body 50; the two sealing rings 13 on the first and second through holes 11, 12 respectively seal the lower ends of the first and second air passing holes 52, 53 in the other battery unit 100 above, and coaxially distribute the through holes on the same side of each battery unit to form an air passing channel.
The working method of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises the following steps:
A. when the hydrogen fuel cell is installed, an air outlet of an oxygen feeding device (generally a fresh air device with an exhaust fan) is arranged at one side of each conductive corrugated sheet 1; or, the conductive corrugated sheet 1 is arranged in a substantially vertical distribution, and spaces are provided above and below the hydrogen fuel cell, and are communicated with the outside air;
B. connecting the two electrodes of the load with an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate respectively;
C. the air inlet 80 is communicated with a hydrogen gas source, and then voltage is generated between the upper pressing plate 8 and the lower pressing plate 15 and drives a load; after the oxygen in the gaps between the adjacent gas distribution grooves 10 of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 passes through the lower carbon paper 6, the oxygen is combined with the hydrogen ions passing through the membrane electrode 5 to generate water, generate current and drive load, and heat the hydrogen fuel cell to generate hot air, so that the hot air flows upwards in the gaps between the gas distribution grooves 10, and the air is updated.
The hydrogen circulation process is as follows: hydrogen enters from the air inlet 80, enters the conductive corrugated sheet 1 and the membrane electrode 5 through the sealing ring and the first through hole 11, enters each air distribution groove (10) along the side edge of the upper carbon paper (4), then passes through the upper carbon paper, is uniformly distributed on one side of the membrane electrode (5), generates hydrogen ions after the hydrogen reacts with the catalyst on the membrane electrode (5), and generates water after the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode and combine with oxygen penetrating through the lower carbon paper 6; the remaining hydrogen is discharged through the second through hole (12).
The hydrogen in the air inlet groove 22 sequentially passes through the carbon paper 4 through the air distribution grooves 10 to react with the catalyst to generate hydrogen ions, the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode 5 to combine with oxygen to generate water, and the rest of the hydrogen is discharged to the outlet 25 through the air outlet groove 23. The catalyst may be distributed on the upper carbon paper 4 and/or the membrane electrode 5.
In order to increase the air flow rate and the power of the hydrogen fuel cell, a fan or a high-pressure air flow nozzle is arranged at one side of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 and at the end part of each air distribution groove 10, and the high-pressure air flow nozzle is connected with a compressed air source. The air output from the fan or the high-pressure air flow nozzle is filtered to remove elements harmful to the membrane electrode 5, such as fuel vehicle exhaust, acid gas and the like.
Examples
On the basis of the embodiment, the present embodiment has the following modifications:
as shown in fig. 7, the hydrogen fuel cell includes: a plurality of battery cells arranged between an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate (generally made of aluminum), wherein the battery cells comprise a plurality of battery cells which are sequentially stacked: the device comprises a conductive corrugated sheet 1, a sealing rubber cushion 2, upper carbon paper 4, a membrane electrode 5 and lower carbon paper 6.
The conductive corrugated sheet 1 comprises a plurality of strip-shaped air distribution grooves 10 which are arranged left and right alternately, the bottom of each air distribution groove 10 is provided with strip-shaped openings which are distributed in the front-back direction, the other end surfaces of each air distribution groove 10 are closed, and the adjacent bottom edges of two adjacent air distribution grooves 10 are connected; the outer sides of the two air distribution grooves 10 at the left and right ends are respectively provided with a left extending part and a right extending part which extend outwards, namely the left extending part and the right extending part at the two ends of the conductive corrugated sheet 1, and the left extending part and the right extending part are respectively provided with a first through hole 11 and a second through hole 12.
An air inlet groove 22 and an air outlet groove 23 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the sealing rubber cushion 2, and an inlet 21 of the air inlet groove 22 and an outlet 25 of the air outlet groove 23 are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the sealing rubber cushion 2; a rectangular hollowed-out part 24 is arranged at the inner sides of the air inlet groove 22 and the air outlet groove 23 in the middle of the sealing rubber cushion 2. The upper carbon paper 4 is adapted to cover the rectangular hollowed-out portion 24.
The first and second through holes 11 and 12 at both ends of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 are vertically corresponding to the inlet 21 and the outlet 25, respectively.
The two ends of the strip-shaped opening at the bottom of each air distribution groove 10 of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 are respectively vertically corresponding to the air inlet groove 22 and the air outlet groove 23, hydrogen enters the inlet 21 from the first through hole 11, then sequentially enters each air distribution groove 10 through the air inlet groove 22, then hydrogen and a catalyst on the membrane electrode 5 react to generate hydrogen ions, the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode 5 to combine with oxygen penetrating through the lower carbon paper 6 to generate water, and the rest of the hydrogen is discharged to the outlet 25 through the air outlet groove 23 and is discharged from the second through hole 12.
The plurality of battery units 100 are vertically stacked between the upper and lower pressing plates 8, 15; sealing rings 13 are respectively arranged on the first through holes 11 and the second through holes 12 on the battery unit 100; the two sealing rings 13 respectively seal the lower ends of the first and second air passing holes 52 and 53 in the other battery unit 100 above, and the through holes on the same side of each battery unit are coaxially distributed to form an air passing channel; the two sealing rings 13 on the top battery unit 100 are respectively in sealing fit with the bottom end openings of the air inlet 80 and the air outlet 81 on the upper pressing plate 8 to form an air passage.
The air inlet 80 and the air outlet 81 on the upper pressing plate 8 are preferably diagonally distributed.
The membrane electrode 5 has first and second air passing holes 52 and 53 at its left and right ends, respectively, which correspond up and down to the inlet 21 and outlet 25 of the sealing rubber pad 2.
The membrane electrode 5 comprises a membrane electrode body 50 and a wrapping edge 51 which is molded around the membrane electrode body 50, and the first and second air passing holes 52 and 53 are arranged on the wrapping edge 51;
the lower carbon paper 6 is adapted to cover the membrane electrode body 50.
The air inlet and the air outlet are respectively arranged on the opposite angles adjacent to the upper pressing plate, and the air inlet 80 is arranged above when in use; the exhaust port 81 is located below to facilitate drainage.
The peripheral edges of the upper and lower press plates 8, 15 are fixed to each other by bolts.
The working method of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises the following steps:
A. when the hydrogen fuel cell is installed, an air outlet of the oxygen feeding device is arranged at one side of each conductive corrugated sheet 1; or, the conductive corrugated sheet 1 is arranged in a substantially vertical distribution, and spaces are provided above and below the hydrogen fuel cell, and are communicated with the outside air;
B. connecting the two electrodes of the load with an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate respectively;
C. the air inlet 80 is communicated with a hydrogen gas source, and then voltage is generated between the upper pressing plate 8 and the lower pressing plate 15 and drives a load; after the oxygen in the gaps between the adjacent gas distribution grooves 10 of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 passes through the lower carbon paper 6, the oxygen is combined with the hydrogen ions passing through the membrane electrode 5 to generate water, generate current and drive load, and heat the hydrogen fuel cell to generate hot air, so that the hot air flows upwards in the gaps between the gas distribution grooves 10, and the air is updated. The hydrogen circulation process is as follows: hydrogen enters from the air inlet 80, enters the air inlet 22 through the sealing ring, the first through hole 11 and the inlet 21, then passes through the upper carbon paper 4 through each air distribution groove 10 in sequence, reacts with the catalyst to generate hydrogen ions, the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode 5 to combine with oxygen to generate water, the rest of the hydrogen is discharged to the outlet 25 through the air outlet groove 23, and then is discharged from the air outlet 81 through the second through hole 12. The catalyst is distributed on the membrane electrode 5.
Alternatively, in order to increase the air flow rate and the power of the hydrogen fuel cell, a fan or a high-pressure air flow nozzle is arranged at one side of the conductive corrugated sheet 1 and at the end of each air distribution groove 10, and the high-pressure air flow nozzle is connected with a compressed air source. The air output from the fan or the high-pressure air flow nozzle is filtered to remove elements harmful to the membrane electrode 5, such as fuel vehicle exhaust, acid gas and the like.
Examples
The unmanned aerial vehicle adopts the hydrogen fuel cell of the embodiment 1 or 2 as a power source, and meanwhile, the unmanned aerial vehicle is also provided with a lithium battery as a power source.
Examples
An automobile adopts the hydrogen fuel cell of the embodiment 1 or 2 as a power source, and a lithium battery is also arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle as the power source.
The vehicle may also be a hybrid vehicle or a dual mode vehicle.
Examples
A ship employing the hydrogen fuel cell of the above embodiment 1 or 2 as a power source.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (1)
1. A hydrogen fuel cell comprising: a plurality of battery cells (100) stacked up and down, characterized in that: the battery unit (100) comprises a plurality of stacked layers arranged in sequence: the device comprises a conductive corrugated sheet (1), a sealing rubber pad (2), upper carbon paper (4), a membrane electrode (5) and lower carbon paper (6);
the conductive corrugated sheet (1) comprises a plurality of strip-shaped air distribution grooves (10) which are arranged left and right alternately, the bottom of each air distribution groove (10) is provided with strip-shaped openings which are distributed in the front-back direction, the other end surfaces of each air distribution groove (10) are closed, and the adjacent bottom edges of two adjacent air distribution grooves (10) are connected;
inlet and outlet grooves (22, 23) are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the sealing rubber pad (2), and an inlet (21) of the inlet groove (22) and an outlet (25) of the outlet groove (23) are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the sealing rubber pad (2); a rectangular hollowed-out part (24) is arranged at the inner sides of the air inlet grooves (22) and the air outlet grooves (23) at the middle part of the sealing rubber gasket (2);
the two ends of the conductive corrugated sheet (1) are provided with left and right extending parts, and the left and right extending parts are respectively provided with first and second through holes (11, 12) which are vertically corresponding to the inlet (21) and the outlet (25);
two ends of the strip-shaped opening of each air distribution groove (10) of the conductive corrugated sheet (1) are respectively corresponding to the air inlet grooves (22) and the air outlet grooves (23) up and down;
hydrogen enters the inlet (21) from the first through hole (11), then enters each gas distribution groove (10) of the conductive corrugated sheet (1) through the gas inlet groove (22) in sequence, then hydrogen and a catalyst on the membrane electrode (5) react to generate hydrogen ions, the hydrogen ions pass through the membrane electrode (5) to combine with oxygen penetrating through the lower carbon paper (6) to generate water, and the rest of the hydrogen is discharged to the outlet (25) through the gas outlet groove (23) and is discharged from the second through hole (12);
gaps between adjacent air distribution grooves are used for forming strip-shaped grooves, discharging water generated during working and flowing air;
the left and right ends of the membrane electrode (5) are respectively provided with a first air passing hole (52) and a second air passing hole (53) which are vertically corresponding to the inlet (21) and the outlet (25) of the sealing rubber pad (2); the membrane electrode (5) comprises a membrane electrode body (50) and a wrapping edge (51) which is molded around the membrane electrode body (50), and the first and second air passing holes (52, 53) are arranged on the wrapping edge (51);
the upper carbon paper (4) is suitable for covering the rectangular hollowed-out part (24);
the lower carbon paper (6) is adapted to cover the membrane electrode body (50).
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| CN202010020776.5A CN111146472B (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2020-01-09 | Hydrogen fuel cell |
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| CN202010020776.5A CN111146472B (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2020-01-09 | Hydrogen fuel cell |
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| CN111146472B true CN111146472B (en) | 2023-09-22 |
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| CN112615022B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-02-01 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 | Gas distribution base of integrated anode of SOFC power generation module |
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| CN111146472A (en) | 2020-05-12 |
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