CN111138560A - 一种甜玉米芯多糖scp-80-i及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种甜玉米芯多糖scp-80-i及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111138560A CN111138560A CN201911399890.7A CN201911399890A CN111138560A CN 111138560 A CN111138560 A CN 111138560A CN 201911399890 A CN201911399890 A CN 201911399890A CN 111138560 A CN111138560 A CN 111138560A
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Abstract
一种甜玉米芯多糖SCP‑80‑I及其制备方法与应用,属于天然药物的领域。为了提高甜玉米副产物的附加值,开发出结构明确的、具有一定功能活性的多糖,本发明提供了一种甜玉米芯多糖SCP‑80‑I,所述甜玉米芯多糖SCP‑80‑I分子量为175.453kDa,单糖组成为单一葡萄糖,糖苷键键型包括1‑糖苷键、1,4‑糖苷键、1,6‑糖苷键及1,4,6‑糖苷键。所述多糖是以干燥并粉碎的甜玉米芯为原料,利用热水浸提法获得粗多糖SCP,经分离纯化,冷冻干燥后获得。本发明制备的甜玉米芯多糖SCP‑80‑I可于抗氧化药物、食品、保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然药物技术领域;具体涉及一种甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
玉米是国内广泛种植的农作物,东北三省及内蒙古地区是我国面积最大的玉米种植区域。在玉米的加工生产过程中会产生玉米须、玉米芯等农业废弃物,在现阶段多做焚烧或掩埋处理,污染环境,浪费资源。甜玉米是玉米的特用品种,有研究表明,甜玉米芯中含有多酚、多糖、木聚糖、玉米黄质等多种具有开发潜力的生物活性物质,如通过有效途径充分开发利用,则有利于提高甜玉米副产物的附加值,减少资源浪费。
氧化应激反应是指因产生过量活性氧而导致细胞损伤及凋亡的机体进程,而抗氧化药物是指能够有效抑制或延缓这一进程,并阻止其所造成不利影响的药物。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等通常作为衡量机体抗氧化能力的指标,可用以评价抗氧化防御***能力,过氧化程度及细胞损伤水平等。氧化应激反应与2型糖尿病的产生及发展密切相关,2型糖尿病是由机体代谢失衡所引发的流行代谢疾病。目前常见的口服降糖药物具有不同程度的毒副作用,因而寻求具有降糖效果的天然活性产物成为国内外的研究热点。除此之外,氧化应激反应也与心血管疾病、衰老等进程密切相关,表明抗氧化天然产物在多种领域具有广泛的应用前景。
目前,多种天然来源多糖被证明具有体内抗氧化作用,如丹参多糖、绿茶多糖、青钱柳多糖、灵芝多糖等。天然多糖的生物活性与其结构特性密切相关。多糖的分支结构对其治疗效果必不可少,而多糖作为大分子物质,组成结构复杂,为其功能研究与开发利用造成了一定困难。
发明内容
为了提高甜玉米副产物的附加值,开发出结构明确的、具有一定功能活性的多糖,本发明提供了一种甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I,所述甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I分子量为175.453kDa,单糖组成为单一葡萄糖,糖苷键键型包括1-糖苷键、1,4-糖苷键、1,6-糖苷键及1,4,6-糖苷键。
本发明还提供了上述的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将烘干并过筛的甜玉米芯粉末经有机溶剂脱脂,挥干有机溶剂后得到干燥粉末;
步骤二、将干燥粉末经热水浸提后得到浸提液;
步骤三、将浸提液经旋转蒸发后得到浓缩液;
步骤四、将浓缩液依次经脱蛋白、脱色、醇沉后得到甜玉米芯粗多糖SCP;
步骤五、将甜玉米芯粗多糖SCP经凝胶柱分离纯化;
步骤六、然后,冷冻干燥,得到均一多糖组分SCP-80-I。
进一步地限定,步骤一中所述过筛为过80目筛;所述有机溶剂为正己烷。
进一步地限定,步骤二中所述热水浸提是指将甜玉米芯粉末与蒸馏水按照1g:20mL的料液比混合,90-100℃加热3h。
进一步地限定,步骤三中所述旋转蒸发后的浓缩液占蒸发前体积的1/3。
进一步地限定,步骤四中所述脱蛋白采用Savege法,所使用的Savege试剂为氯仿:正丁醇按照3:1体积比组成的混合液;所述脱色为使用D301R大孔弱碱性阴离子交换树脂脱色,脱色时间2-2.5h,脱色温度35-43℃;所述醇沉为使用乙醇进行沉淀,乙醇体积浓度为80%,醇沉温度20-25℃,时间18-24h。
进一步地限定,步骤五中所述分离纯化为首先采用DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,经蒸馏水洗脱,之后采用SephadexG-200葡聚糖凝胶柱经蒸馏水洗脱。
进一步地限定,步骤六中所述冷冻干燥条件为真空度0.0008-0.08Pa,干燥温度零下55-80℃,干燥时间30-38h。
本发明还提供了上述的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I在制备糖尿病治疗药物、食品或保健品中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I在制备抗氧化药物、食品、保健品或化妆品中的应用。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1.本发明首次解明甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的分子结构,该多糖分子量为175.453kDa,单糖组成为单一葡萄糖,糖苷键主要键型为1-糖苷键1,4-糖苷键、1,6-糖苷键及1,4,6-糖苷键,为解明其构效关系及市场应用提供基础参考。通过对2型糖尿病模型大鼠进行甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I灌胃试验,表明该多糖能够显著降低其血糖水平,并使试验动物血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)升高,丙二醛(MDA)降低,证明其具有抗氧化活性。
2.本发明所使用原料价格低廉,产量可观,本发明为甜玉米芯的高值利用提供可能途径,减少可利用资源的浪费,增加甜玉米副产物的附加值。
3.本发明所提取的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I来源于天然作物,无毒副作用,具有安全性,适用于药品、食品、保健品的开发。
附图说明
图1为甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I分子量色谱图,横坐标为出峰时间,纵坐标为出峰强度;
图2为甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I单糖组成色谱图:其中a为标准品出峰图,其中Rha为鼠李糖,Fuc为果糖,Ara为***糖,Xly为木糖,Man为甘露糖,Glu为葡萄糖,Gal为半乳糖,b为样品出峰图,横坐标为出峰时间,纵坐标为出峰强度;
图3为甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的分子结构;
图4为甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I对T2DM大鼠的降血糖作用(第0天即给药前不灌胃任何药品,以及给药后第7天,第14天,第21天采血检测结果);
图5为甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I对T2DM大鼠SOD水平影响(第21天采血检测结果);
图6为甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I对T2DM大鼠GSH-Px水平影响(第21天采血检测结果);
图7为甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I对T2DM大鼠CAT水平影响(第21天采血检测结果);
图8为甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I对T2DM大鼠MDA水平影响(第21天采血检测结果);
其中,A与a分别表示与NC组具有极显著差异(P<0.01)或显著差异(P<0.05),B与b分别表示与DC组具有极显著差异(P<0.01)或显著差异(P<0.05),c表示与PC组具有极显著差异(P<0.01)或显著差异(P<0.05)(分组见表2)。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
本发明所述的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I:是指从甜玉米芯中提取出的非淀粉水溶性多糖,其中“SCP”指英文SweetcornCobPolysaccharide的缩写,“80”是指使用80%的乙醇溶液进行醇沉,“Ⅰ”是指醇沉后的多糖SCP-80在纤维素柱层析进行梯度洗脱后得到的第一个组分,因此命名为SCP-80-I。
实施例1.甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的制备,按以下步骤操作:
步骤一、取甜玉米芯于烘箱中于50℃,烘干24h后,粉碎,过80目筛;然后将甜玉米芯粉末按照料液比3g:25mL的比例加入正己烷脱脂1h后,挥干甜玉米芯中的溶液,晾至干燥;
步骤二、将步骤一干燥后的甜玉米芯粉末按照料液比1g:20mL的比例加入蒸馏水,于100℃浸提3小时,中间每隔20-45min搅拌1次,以30min为佳,得到浸提液;
步骤三、将浸提液过滤得到上清液,上清液经旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/3,即为甜玉米芯多糖粗提取液;
步骤四、将步骤三的提取液用Sevag法脱除蛋白,提取液与Sevag试剂(氯仿:正丁醇3:1体积比)按照4:1体积比例混合,震荡后去除变性蛋白及有机溶剂,重复进行三次;
然后将提取液用D301R大孔弱碱性阴离子交换树脂脱色,脱色温度为43℃,脱色时间为2h,过滤取上清液,然后加入3倍80%乙醇,于20℃醇沉24h,沉淀物减压干燥即得到甜玉米芯粗多糖SCP;
步骤五、将步骤四的甜玉米芯粗多糖SCP溶于蒸馏水,使用DEAE-52纤维素柱分离,经蒸馏水洗脱,收集并合并对称峰面积下的多糖溶液,再使用SephadexG-200葡聚糖凝胶柱分离纯化,以蒸馏水洗脱,收集并合并对称峰面积下的多糖溶液;
步骤六、将糖液冷冻干燥,真空度0.0008Pa,干燥温度零下80℃,干燥时间30h,得到均一组分甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I。
实施例2.重复实施例1,与实施例1的不同在于,本实施例中步骤二为:将步骤一干燥后的甜玉米芯粉末按照料液比1g:20mL的比例加入蒸馏水,于90℃浸提3小时,中间每隔20min搅拌1次,得到浸提液。
实施例3.重复实施例1,与实施例1的不同在于,本实施例中步骤四中脱色温度为35℃,脱色时间为2.5h;醇沉的温度为25℃,时间为18h。
实施例4.重复实施例1,与实施例1的不同在于,本实施例中步骤六中冷冻干燥条件为真空度0.08Pa,干燥温度零下55℃,干燥时间38h。
甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的结构分析:
下面以实施例1为例,对制备的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I作进一步的结构分析,具体为如下所示:
(1)用高效液相色谱测定多糖分子量,采用日本岛津高效液相色谱***(TSK-g300pwxl柱(7.8×300mm)和蒸发光散射检测器,采用Agilent11100高效凝胶渗透色谱***(HPGPC)测定SCP-80-I的均匀性和分子量。注入样品溶液(2mg/mL,20μL),以20mM乙酸铵(CH3COONH4)为流动相,流速为1mL/min。柱用一套葡聚糖标准(MW1300、6000、12000、22000、50000、110000、400000、800000)进行校准。
(2)使用气质联用色谱法测定单糖组成,用TFA(2M,1mL)在120℃下水解甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I90分钟,用蒸馏水完全除去多余酸液。水解产物用NaBH4(25mg)还原,随后使用乙酸酸化。用甲醇共蒸馏,除去过量硼酸。将醋酸酐酰化(100℃,1小时)重复4至5次以除去多余的醋酸酐。使用的标准物是鼠李糖、岩藻糖、***糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,每个单糖标准品的处理方式与样品一致,将甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I测定结果与标准品测定结果比对。
(3)使用甲基化分析糖苷键,甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I于DMSO中溶解,加入100mgNaH及DMSO,在N2条件下油浴反应,以水终止反应。将SCP-80-I甲基化3次,用氯仿提取甲基化产物,红外光谱中-OH带3400cm-1消失,表明完全甲基化。甲基化产物用甲酸和2MTFA水解,多余的酸用蒸馏水共蒸馏蒸发。水解产物用NaBH4还原,最后用1:1乙酸酐吡啶乙酰化。甲基化糖的样品通过GC-MS分析糖苷键连接方式,结果表明甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I中含有1-糖苷键、1,4-糖苷键、1,6-糖苷键及1,4,6-糖苷键。
表1 SCP-80-Ⅰ的甲基化分析结果
(4)核磁共振波谱测定结构,将甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I(50mL)溶解于500mL重水中,最终浓度为10%(w/v)。核磁共振波谱使用25℃600兆赫的的安捷伦仪器。测量的光谱包括1H、13C、DEPT-135、1H/1H相关谱(COSY)、1H/1H核超限效应谱(NOESY)、1H/1H全相关谱(TOCSY)、异核单量子相干(HSQC)和异核多键相关(HMBC),化学位移以百万分之几(ppm)表示,测定得到甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的详细结构,包括单糖组成、连接模式、糖单元序列和取代位置,结果表明,甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的键型中含有→4-Glc-1→4-Glc-1→,Glc-1→4-Glc-1→及→6-Glc-1→6-Glc-1→6,4-Glc-1。
根据图1可知甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的分子量为175.453kDa。
根据图2可知甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的单糖组成为单一葡萄糖。
根据图3可知甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的分子结构。
实施例5.甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I对糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化活性测定,具体为如下所示:
(1)试验性糖尿病动物模型建立:长春市益西实验动物中心的雄性Wistar雄性大鼠80只,体重170±5g,分笼饲养,以含基础饲料78.8%,蛋黄粉10%,猪油10%,胆酸0.2%,胆固醇1%的高脂饲料喂养,喂养1w后,禁食16h,用pH4.2-4.5的柠檬酸缓冲溶液配制链脲佐菌素,以55-60mg/kg体重的计量腹腔注射,同时饲以高脂饲料。测定注射组大鼠的空腹血糖水平,选用血糖值在25-15mM的大鼠作为2型糖尿病模型大鼠。试验动物共分为6组,按下表所示进行灌胃治疗。
表2动物试验分组设计
每隔7日以尾部取血方式,测定各组大鼠空腹血糖。在饲养21天后,将试验动物禁食一晚,于眼底取血后颈椎脱位,血液以4000rmp离心10分钟,取得血清样本。
(2)SCP-80-I对SOD的影响测定:
采用南京建成生物工程公司SOD测定试剂盒(A001-1)测定,测定方法为黄嘌呤氧化酶法,严格按照所规定的操作步骤操作,并计算测定结果。
(3)SCP-80-I对GSH-Px的影响测定:
采用南京建成生物工程公司GSH-Px测定试剂盒(A005-1)测定,测定方法为比色法,严格按照所规定的操作步骤操作,并计算测定结果。
(4)SCP-80-I对CAT的影响测定:
采用南京建成生物工程公司CAT测定试剂盒(A007-2-1)测定,测定方法为紫外法,严格按照所规定的操作步骤操作,并计算测定结果。
(5)SCP-80-I对MDA的影响测定:
采用南京建成生物工程公司MDA测定试剂盒(A003-1)测定,测定方法为TBA法,严格按照所规定的操作步骤操作,并计算测定结果。
根据图4可知,甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I能够显著降低T2DM大鼠空腹血糖。
根据图5可知,甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I能够显著提高T2DM大鼠血清SOD水平。
根据图6可知,甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I能够显著提高T2DM大鼠血清GSH-Px水平。
根据图7可知,甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I能够显著提高T2DM大鼠血清CAT水平。
根据图8可知,甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I能够显著降低T2DM大鼠血清MDA水平。
经过动物试验证明,本发明得到的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-Ⅰ具有显著的降血糖效果,可用于制备糖尿病治疗药物、食品或保健品,且高剂量组效果最佳,表明其作用呈现剂量依赖性。
经过动物试验证明,本发明得到的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-Ⅰ具有显著的抗氧化效果,可用于制备抗氧化药物、食品、保健品或化妆品,且高剂量组效果最佳,表明其作用呈现剂量依赖性。
以上为本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出的是上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制,本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰液应该视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I,其特征在于,所述甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I分子量为175.453kDa,单糖组成为单一葡萄糖,糖苷键键型包括1-糖苷键、1,4-糖苷键、1,6-糖苷键及1,4,6-糖苷键。
2.权利要求1所述的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将烘干并过筛的甜玉米芯粉末经有机溶剂脱脂,挥干有机溶剂后得到干燥粉末;
步骤二、将干燥粉末经热水浸提后得到浸提液;
步骤三、将浸提液经旋转蒸发后得到浓缩液;
步骤四、将浓缩液依次经脱蛋白、脱色、醇沉后得到甜玉米芯粗多糖SCP;
步骤五、将甜玉米芯粗多糖SCP经凝胶柱分离纯化;
步骤六、然后,冷冻干燥,得到均一多糖组分SCP-80-I。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述过筛为过80目筛;所述有机溶剂为正己烷。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中所述热水浸提是指将甜玉米芯粉末与蒸馏水按照1g:20mL的料液比混合,90-100℃加热3h。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三中所述旋转蒸发后的浓缩液占蒸发前体积的1/3。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤四中所述脱蛋白采用Savege法,所使用的Savege试剂为氯仿:正丁醇按照3:1体积比组成的混合液;所述脱色为使用D301R大孔弱碱性阴离子交换树脂脱色,脱色时间2-2.5h,脱色温度35-43℃;所述醇沉为使用乙醇进行沉淀,乙醇体积浓度为80%,醇沉温度20-25℃,时间18-24h。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤五中所述分离纯化为首先采用DEAE-52纤维素柱层析,经蒸馏水洗脱,之后采用Sephadex G-200葡聚糖凝胶柱经蒸馏水洗脱。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤六中所述冷冻干燥条件为真空度0.0008-0.08Pa,干燥温度零下55-80℃,干燥时间30-38h。
9.权利要求1所述的甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I在制备糖尿病治疗药物、食品或保健品中的应用。
10.权利要求1所述甜玉米芯多糖SCP-80-I在制备抗氧化药物、食品、保健品或化妆品中的应用。
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