CN111132866A - 用于混合动力驱动***的传动机构、混合动力驱动***及运行混合动力驱动***的方法 - Google Patents
用于混合动力驱动***的传动机构、混合动力驱动***及运行混合动力驱动***的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力驱动***的传动机构(100),该传动机构能够与两个驱动机组(7、8)耦联,该传动机构具有:输入轴(10)和输出轴(11);至少一个第一、第二和第三换挡元件(SE1、SE2、SE3)和至少一个行星齿轮传动机构(5)。所述输入轴(10)能够借助于第一换挡元件(SE1)与第一传动机构轴(16)耦联。所述第一传动机构轴(16)能够借助于所述第二换挡元件(SE2)与所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的太阳轮耦联,其中,所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的齿圈与所述第一传动机构轴(16)耦联。所述输入轴(10)能够借助于所述第三换挡元件(SE3)与所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的太阳轮耦联。所述输出轴(11)与所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的行星架耦联。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力驱动***(Hybridantriebsanordnung)的传动机构。此外,本发明涉及一种具有传动机构的混合动力驱动***、一种具有混合动力驱动***的车辆和一种用于运行所述混合动力驱动***的方法以及一种计算机程序和一种机器可读的存储介质。
背景技术
用于混合动力驱动***的传动机构由现有技术已知。例如,WO2010/009943 A1描述了一种双离合器传动机构,所述双离合器传动机构能够以内燃机、电动机的方式并且利用两个驱动机组共同实现混合动力车辆的运行。这种传动机构复杂、沉重且昂贵。需要具有降低的机械复杂性、减少的空间需求和重量的传动机构拓扑结构。
术语“耦联”或“耦接”在下文中用于表示固定连接的含义。与此不同,术语“可耦联”在本说明书的范围内不仅包括固定的连接而且包括可切换的(schaltbar)连接。如果具体是指能切换的连接,则通常明确说明相应的换挡元件、特别是制动器或离合器。相反,如果具体地指的是固定的、刚性的或抗扭转的连接,则通常使用术语“耦联”或“耦接”并且放弃使用术语“可耦联”。因此,在没有说明具体的换挡元件的情况下使用术语“可耦联”意味着有意地包含这两种情况。这种区分仅为了更好的理解并且特别是为了说明在何处强制性地需要设置可切换的连接来代替通常可更容易实现的固定的连接或耦联。因此,术语“耦联”或“耦接”的上述定义不应当被解释为太狭窄,以致于为避免目的而任意***的离合器从其字面上脱离。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力驱动***的传动机构,该传动机构能够与两个驱动机组耦联,该传动机构具有输入轴和输出轴、至少一个第一、第二和第三换挡元件以及至少一个行星齿轮传动机构,其中,输入轴能够借助于第一换挡元件与第一传动机构轴耦联,并且第一传动机构轴能够借助于第二换挡元件与行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮耦联,其中,行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈与第一传动机构轴耦联,并且输入轴能够借助于第三换挡元件与行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮耦联,并且输出轴与行星齿轮传动机构的行星架耦联。
提供了一种用于混合动力驱动***的传动机构。为了运行混合动力驱动***,两个驱动机组可耦接到传动机构上。该传动机构包括输入轴和输出轴、至少一个第一、第二和第三换挡元件以及至少一个行星齿轮传动机构。输入轴可以借助于闭合第一换挡元件与第一传动机构轴耦联。借助于闭合第二换挡元件,第一传动机构轴能够与行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮耦联。行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈固定地与第一传动机构轴耦联。在说明书的范围内,耦联可理解为这样的连接,该连接刚性地、例如一件式地、例如借助于轴或以固定的传动比或传动级实施。此外,输入轴可以借助于第三换挡元件与行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮耦联。输出轴与行星齿轮传动机构的行星架耦联。特别地,输出轴可以与输出装置耦联。输出装置特别是将输出轴的运动传递到车辆的机械动力传动系上、例如传递到差速器上或者传递到驱动轮上的轴或者车轴。有利地,提供一种传动机构,该传动机构在第一、第二和/或第三换挡元件闭合时根据传动机构中的传动比将转速和施加在输入轴上的扭矩传递到输出轴上。在第一和第三换挡元件断开时,输入轴与输出轴脱耦。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,传动机构包括第四换挡元件,该第四换挡元件设置用于制动或释放行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮。
针对传动机构设置有第四换挡元件,其能够实现行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮的释放或制动,特别是实现太阳轮的连接或太阳轮在固定点或在传动机构的壳体上的支撑。太阳轮的制动包括降低太阳轮的转速,尤其直至太阳轮静止。释放太阳轮包括松开制动器,使得太阳轮根据作用到该太阳轮上的力而加速。有利地,利用迄今描述的具有第一至第四换挡元件的传动机构的拓扑结构,除了已经提到的运行模式之外还可以设定其它运行模式。因此,在第一和第四换挡元件闭合并且第二和第三换挡元件断开时,在输入轴和输出轴之间产生能以该传动机构实现的最高传动比。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,第一、第二和/或第三换挡元件包括离合器。
为了将输入轴与行星齿轮传动机构的所提及的组件和第一传动机构轴连接,第一、第二和/或第三换挡元件设计为离合器。这种离合器尤其可以是干式离合器、湿式离合器或爪式离合器。有利地,提供了输入轴与行星齿轮传动机构的组件和第一传动机构轴的可控连接的可行方案。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,第四换挡元件包括制动器。
第四换挡元件设计为制动器、特别是干式制动器或湿式制动器或爪式离合器。有利地,提供一种用于可控地释放和制动行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮的可行方案。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,第一驱动机组、特别是内燃机能够与输入轴耦联,和/或第二驱动机组、特别是电机能够与第一传动机构轴耦联。
在输入轴上,第一驱动机组可在输入侧耦接。第二驱动机组可以与第一传动机构轴耦联。有利地,对于第二驱动机组、例如电机的发电机式运行,例如为了给电池充电,第一驱动机组或内燃机可以借助于闭合第一换挡元件和断开第二、第三和第四换挡元件与电机连接。因为,在此两个驱动机组与输出轴脱耦并且因此没有转矩传递到输出轴上,所以这种充电例如可以在输出轴静止时、即例如在车辆静止期间进行(驻车充电)。例如在输出轴静止时,能够实现将第一驱动机组的旋转能量直接传递到第二驱动机组或者相反地传递,例如用于起动内燃机。
通过闭合第三换挡元件并且断开第一、第二和第四换挡元件使传动机构的功率分支的运行(eCVT模式)成为可能。在此,第一驱动机组作用到行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮上,并且电机作用到行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈上,该行星齿轮传动机构的行星架与输出轴连接。在此,输入轴与输出轴之间的传动比可以在宽的范围上借助于第二驱动机组的转速或转矩的预设来连续地改变。有利地,实现功率分支的运行,或者也称为eCVT-模式,其中,不仅在输出轴上的推进功率,而且用于电机的发电机式运行的充电功率可彼此独立地设定。有利地,可以在驻车或缓慢行驶(>0km/h直至约10km/h)时进行充电,并且可以实现从驻车充电(Standladen)模式平稳舒适地过渡到缓慢行驶充电(Kriechenladen)模式和具有固定传动比或处于固定的档位中的行驶模式。
在第一和第三换挡元件断开时,输入轴以及因此第一驱动机组与输出轴脱耦。在附加地闭合第四或第二换挡元件的情况下,第二驱动机组经由第一或第二传动比与输出轴连接,从而在两个不同的传动比的情况下仅能够借助于第二驱动机组驱动输出轴。借助于特别是计量地闭合第一换挡元件,如果第一驱动机组是内燃机,则可以由行驶借助于第二驱动机组来驱动并且例如起动第一驱动机组。
也存在如下可行方案,即,第一驱动机组例如设计为电机,而第二驱动机组例如设计为内燃机。在这种配置中,借助于传动机构可以得到其他功能和用于组件的相互作用的运行模式,这在本文中不会进一步详述。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,无牵引力中断地实现传动机构的传动比的改变。
如果特别是为了从传动机构的一种运行模式变换到换挡元件之一的另一种运行模式中而保持其状态,换挡元件中的第二个换挡元件从闭合状态转换到断开状态并且换挡元件中的第三个换挡元件从断开状态转换到闭合状态,则无牵引力中断地进行传动机构的传动比的改变,特别是切换到另一个档位中或传动机构的另一种运行模式中。有利地,提供一种传动机构,对于该传动机构而言在不中断牵引力的情况下实现档位级变换。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,传动机构包括用于根据预设的运行预设信号来操控换挡元件中的至少一个换挡元件的操控部。
设置有一个操控部,该操控部根据预设的运行预设信号、例如所要求的转矩、预设的转速或驱动机组的特定的运行点来操控换挡元件中的至少一个换挡元件。运行预设信号的所提及的参数可以涉及传动机构的输出轴、输入轴或有待与驱动机组连接的轴。有利地,能够实现对传动机构的控制。
本发明还涉及一种具有传动机构的混合动力驱动***,其中,混合动力驱动***包括第二驱动机组和/或脉冲逆变器、电能源或第一驱动机组。
提供了一种具有迄今为止所描述的传动机构的混合动力驱动***。混合动力驱动***包括第二驱动机组。混合动力驱动***尤其包括脉冲逆变器、电能源和/或第一驱动机组。第二驱动机组尤其与第一传动机构轴耦联或连接。脉冲逆变器尤其设置用于供给第二驱动机组、特别是电机。为此,该脉冲逆变器尤其转换电能源、例如电池和/或燃料电池的电能。第一驱动机组尤其与输入轴耦联或连接。有利地,提供一种设置用于在车辆中使用的混合动力驱动***。
此外,本发明包括一种具有所描述的混合动力驱动***的车辆。有利地,提供一种包括混合动力驱动***的车辆。
此外,本发明包括一种用于运行具有传动机构的混合动力驱动***的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:
求取运行预设信号;
根据所述运行预设信号(BV)来操控换挡元件中的至少一个换挡元件以用于设定所述传动机构的功能。
提供了一种用于运行具有传动机构的混合动力驱动***的方法。在此,求取运行预设信号。为了根据运行预设信号设定传动机构的功能或相应的运行模式,闭合或断开换挡元件中的至少一个换挡元件。运行预设信号根据运行策略、驾驶员愿望或加速踏板、电池管理***或其它例如在车辆中可用的***来预设。根据该运行预设信号操控换挡元件以用于设定传动机构的相应的功能或运行模式,特别是闭合或断开离合器或制动器。传动机构的功能或运行模式特别是不同的档位级的不同的传动比,或者不同的模式或运行模式,例如在输出轴静止时第二驱动机组的发电机式运行或eCVT-模式。有利地,提供一种用于运行混合动力驱动***的方法。
此外,本发明涉及一种计算机程序,该计算机程序被设置用于实施所描述的方法。
此外,本发明涉及一种机器可读的存储介质,在所述存储介质上存储有所描述的计算机程序。
应当理解的是,传动机构的特征、特性和优点相应地适用于或能够用于混合动力驱动***、车辆或方法,反之亦然。本发明的实施方式的其他特征和优点从以下参照附图的描述中得出。
附图说明
下面借助于附图详细解释本发明,对此示出:
图1示出了具有传动机构的混合动力传动系***(Hybridantriebstranganordnung)的示意图;
图2示出了传动机构的换档矩阵;
图3示出了具有混合动力传动系***的示意性示出的车辆;
图4示出了用于运行混合动力传动系***的示意性示出的方法。
具体实施方式
图1示出了混合动力传动系***200,其具有第一驱动机组7、特别是内燃机和第二驱动机组8、特别是电机和传动机构100。特别地,混合动力传动系***包括用于为第二驱动机组8供应电能的脉冲逆变器60。此外,混合动力传动系***200尤其包括电能源70,其与脉冲逆变器60相连接。传动机构100包括输入轴10和输出轴11。此外,传动机构100包括行星齿轮传动机构5。此外,传动机构100包括第一、第二和第三换挡元件SE1、SE2、SE3。第一换挡元件SE1、特别是离合器被设置用于将输入轴10与第一传动机构轴16连接或分离。第一传动机构轴与行星齿轮传动机构5的齿圈连接。第二换挡元件SE2、特别是离合器设置用于使第一传动机构轴16与行星齿轮传动机构5的太阳轮连接或分离。第三换挡元件SE3、特别是离合器设置用于,使输入轴10与行星齿轮传动机构5的太阳轮连接或分离。此外,传动机构100可以包括第四换挡元件SE4。第四换挡元件SE4、特别是制动器设置用于释放或制动行星齿轮传动机构5的太阳轮,特别是其中制动器将齿圈与固定点连接或者例如支撑在传动机构100的壳体(未示出)上。第一传动机构轴16与行星齿轮传动机构5的齿圈耦联。传动机构还被设置用于,为了运行而与第一驱动机组通过输入轴10耦联或连接。为此,在图1中示出,驱动机组7的轴直接与输入轴10连接。第二驱动机组8、特别是电机为了传动机构100的运行如在图1中所示那样与第一传动机构轴16连接。为了优化传动比,输出轴11例如通过输出装置12、特别是正齿轮组例如与差速器14连接,通过差速器将运动传递到车轮310上。为了操控换挡元件设置有如下操控部50,该操控部实施用于运行带有传动机构的混合动力驱动***的方法。在操控部50和各个换挡元件SE1..SE4之间的控制线路出于清楚原因仅作为箭头示出并且未完全示出。在换挡元件SE1..SE4和装置之间的通信可以借助于控制线路以及借助于总线***或无线地进行。
图2示出了传动机构的换档矩阵。各个换挡元件SE1..SE4在列中示出并且在最后一列中示例性地示出在驱动机组之一和输出轴之间得到的大致的传动比。在行中,示出了传动机构的不同的档位级、档位或运行模式。借助于交叉在换档矩阵中示出,必须激活换挡元件中的哪个,由此形成相应的档位或运行模式。在此,换挡元件的激活特别是指,闭合离合器或操纵制动器,使得力能够经由离合器从一个轴传递到另一个轴上,或者能够借助于制动器将力传递到固定点、特别是传动机构壳体上。由换档矩阵可见,根据四个换挡元件的组合可形成四个档位G1…..G4,其中,第一档位G1具有最高的传动比并且第四档位G4具有最低的传动比。在档位G1..G4中,优选分别在第一驱动机组7和输出轴11之间施加相应于在最后一列中给出的传动比的固定的转速关系。输出轴在档位G1..G4中或者由第一驱动机组7单独驱动或者利用第二驱动机组8共同驱动。特别地,这为内燃机式或混合动力式的档位,例如当第一驱动机组7是内燃机并且第二驱动机组8是电机时。这些档位也能够实现内燃机的负荷点提升,从而电机可以发电机式地运行并且电池的充电可以在运行期间、特别是车辆的行驶运行期间进行。在矩阵的随后几行中,接着是档位E1..E2或运行模式,在所述运行模式中,仅第二驱动机组8与输出轴11连接。为此,特别是必须断开第一和第三换挡元件SE1、SE3,以便不存在与第一驱动机组7的连接。这特别是电动机式的档位,例如当第二驱动机组是电机时。有利地,在这些档位中,车辆可以局部无排放地运行。根据行星齿轮传动机构5的太阳轮是否借助于第四换挡元件SE4来闭锁或者行星齿轮传动机构5的齿圈是否借助于第二换挡元件SE2来闭锁,示例性地在第二驱动机组8与输出轴11之间得到在换档矩阵中给出的传动比。
借助于闭合第三换挡元件和断开另外的换挡元件(SE1..SE4)产生功率分支的运行、eCVT1-模式,其实现了在输出轴11上的彼此独立的推进功率和第二驱动机组8的充电功率。该运行模式尤其适合于在低的电池充电状态的情况下的混合式起动,因为在第二驱动机组8同时发电机式运行的情况下能够无级地改变传动比,进而尤其无级地加速。
当第一换挡元件SE1闭合并且所有另外的换挡元件断开时,产生另外的模式CH1,或者也称为驻车充电。驱动机组7和8在此相互耦联,其中,不存在与输出轴11的连接。在该运行模式中,在特别是车辆的输出轴的静止期间,可以借助于第一驱动机组7驱动第二驱动机组8,例如以发电机的方式用于给电能源70、特别是电池充电。替代地,如果第一驱动机组7是内燃机并且第二驱动机组8是电机,则也可以借助于第二驱动机组8驱动第一驱动机组7并且例如执行内燃机起动或内燃机的诊断。
图3示出了具有车轮310的车辆300,其中车辆包括如上所述的混合动力驱动***200。
图4示出了用于运行具有传动机构100的混合动力驱动***200的方法400的流程图。以步骤405开始该方法。在步骤410中求取运行预设信号BV并且在步骤420中根据运行预设信号BV操控换挡元件SE1..SE4中的至少一个换挡元件以用于设定传动机构100的功能。以步骤425结束该方法。在此,运行预设信号BV或者是用于传动机构100中的物理参量的参数,像比如转矩或转速或有待传递的功率,该功率应在传动机构100的组件上施加或传递。这些组件特别是输入轴10、输出轴11,但也可以是驱动机组7、8或换挡元件SE1..SE4上的参数。此外,运行预设信号BV也能够表示特定的运行模式,如四个档位G1…..G4或仅利用第二驱动机组运行的两个档位E1..E2中的一个,或也能够表示特殊的功能eCVT1或驻车充电CH1。根据该运行预设信号BV根据换挡矩阵来操控换挡元件SE1至SE4,以便将传动机构100切换到相应的档位或运行模式中。对于在各个档位或运行模式之间的无牵引力中断的切换必要的是,换挡元件SE1….SE4中的一个在换挡之前和之后保持其状态,其中,另一换挡元件在换挡期间从断开的状态过渡到闭合的状态中,而另一换挡元件从闭合的状态过渡到断开的状态中。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于混合动力驱动***的传动机构(100),该传动机构能够与两个驱动机组(7、8)耦联,该传动机构具有
输入轴(10)和输出轴(11),
至少一个第一、第二和第三换挡元件(SE1、SE2、SE3),
至少一个行星齿轮传动机构(5),其中
所述输入轴(10)能够借助于所述第一换挡元件(SE1)与第一传动机构轴(16)耦联,
并且所述第一传动机构轴(16)能够借助于所述第二换挡元件(SE2)与所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的太阳轮耦联,其中,所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的齿圈与所述第一传动机构轴(16)耦联,
并且所述输入轴(10)能够借助于所述第三换挡元件(SE3)与所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的太阳轮耦联,
并且所述输出轴(11)与所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的行星架耦联。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传动机构,
具有第四换挡元件(SE4),该第四换挡元件被设置用于制动或释放所述行星齿轮传动机构(5)的太阳轮。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传动机构,
其中,所述第一、第二和/或第三换挡元件(SE1、SE2、SE3)包括离合器。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的传动机构,
其中,所述第四换挡元件(SE4)包括制动器。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传动机构,
其中,第一驱动机组(7)、特别是内燃机能够与所述输入轴(10)耦联,和/或第二驱动机组(8)、特别是电机能够与所述第一传动机构轴(16)耦联。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传动机构,
其中,无牵引力中断地改变所述传动机构(100)的传动比。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传动机构,
具有根据预设的运行预设信号(BV)来操控所述换挡元件(SE1..SE4)中的至少一个换挡元件的操控部(50)。
8.一种混合动力驱动***(200),其具有根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的传动机构(100),其中,所述混合动力驱动***包括第二驱动机组(8)和/或脉冲逆变器(60)、电能源(70)或第一驱动机组(7)。
9.一种车辆(300),其具有根据权利要求8所述的混合动力驱动***(200)。
10.一种用于运行混合动力驱动***(200)的方法(400),所述混合动力驱动***具有根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的传动机构(100),所述方法具有以下步骤:
求取(410)运行预设信号(BV),
根据运行预设信号(BV)来操控(420)换挡元件(SE1..SE4)中的至少一个换挡元件,以便设定所述传动机构(100)的功能。
11.一种计算机程序,其被设置用于实施根据权利要求10所述的方法(400)。
12.一种能够机读的存储介质,在所述存储介质上存储有根据权利要求11所述的计算机程序。
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PCT/EP2018/070681 WO2019025413A1 (de) | 2017-08-02 | 2018-07-31 | Getriebe für eine hybridantriebsanordnung, hybridantriebsanordnung, fahrzeug, verfahren zum betrieb der hybridantriebsanordnung, computerprogramm und speichermedium |
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CN112519560A (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-19 | 格特拉克(江西)传动***有限公司 | 一种变速器、增程式混合动力***及车辆 |
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DE102019207501B4 (de) * | 2019-05-22 | 2024-05-16 | Audi Ag | Getriebeanordnung für ein Hybridfahrzeug sowie Hybridfahrzeug |
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