CN111111627B - Garbage deodorant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Garbage deodorant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111111627B CN111111627B CN201911358686.0A CN201911358686A CN111111627B CN 111111627 B CN111111627 B CN 111111627B CN 201911358686 A CN201911358686 A CN 201911358686A CN 111111627 B CN111111627 B CN 111111627B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28047—Gels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/306—Organic sulfur compounds, e.g. mercaptans
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/91—Bacteria; Microorganisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a garbage deodorant, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 15-20 parts of modified hydrogel, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 5-10 parts of malic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium carbonate solution, 1-3 parts of peppermint oil, 1-3 parts of turpentine and 40-50 parts of water; the modified hydrogel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of hermetia illucens dry powder, 20-40 parts of sodium alginate, 10-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20-30 parts of hydroxypropyl chitosan and 100-150 parts of water; the preparation method of the garbage deodorant comprises two steps of preparation of modified hydrogel and preparation of the deodorant. The garbage deodorant disclosed by the invention is safe, nontoxic, quick and effective, can effectively inhibit breeding of pathogenic bacteria and mosquitoes and flies in garbage, and does not cause harm to the environment and human bodies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a garbage deodorant and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous development of cities and the continuous improvement of living standards of people, the yield of domestic garbage is also continuously increased, the increasing garbage causes great difficulty in garbage treatment, and how to rapidly and reasonably treat the garbage and control secondary pollution thereof become one of the environmental management problems commonly faced by countries all over the world. The domestic garbage contains 75-80% of organic matters, which mainly comprise peels, vegetable stalks, leftovers/vegetables, skins, hairs, internal organs, fat, excrement, leftovers/blood water, leaves, waste paper, flowers and plants of poultry, animals and fishes and certain water. The malodorous substances are various in types and wide in sources, can cause toxicity to human breath, digestion, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases and nervous systems to different degrees, and aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, styrene and the like can also cause distortion and canceration of human bodies. Therefore, the primary problem in garbage disposal is how to perform garbage deodorization.
The existing garbage deodorization refers to the removal of gas substances which are unpleasant to people and damage the living environment caused by the stimulation of olfactory organs by a series of methods, and the main methods include a physical deodorization method, a chemical deodorization method and a biological deodorization method. The physical deodorization method is to use the fine structure of the adsorbent and huge specific surface area to adsorb and fix the odor, the deodorant can only be used as a temporary emergency measure, the adsorption capacity can be greatly reduced along with the time extension, and the adsorption deodorization effect is lost when the adsorption saturation is reached; the traditional chemical oxidation method cannot be widely applied due to the problems of short action time, large loss, large medicament dosage and the like by adding various oxidants; the biological deodorization method adopting microbial flora for deodorization can degrade malodorous gas by utilizing active microorganisms so as to control the release of the malodorous gas, however, the biological deodorization technology still has the problems of difficult strain screening, culture and preservation, poor stability of deodorization effect and the like. Therefore, there is still a need to develop a fast and effective garbage deodorant which is safe and nontoxic, does not cause harm to the environment and human bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention discloses a garbage deodorant which is safe, nontoxic, harmless to the environment and human body, quick and effective and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a garbage deodorant comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 15-20 parts of modified hydrogel, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 5-10 parts of malic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium carbonate solution, 1-3 parts of peppermint oil, 1-3 parts of turpentine and 40-50 parts of water; the modified hydrogel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 to 10 parts of black soldier fly dry powder, 20 to 40 parts of sodium alginate, 10 to 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20 to 30 parts of hydroxypropyl chitosan and 100 to 150 parts of water.
Furthermore, the polyvinyl alcohol is medical grade polyvinyl alcohol, is different from chemical grade polyvinyl alcohol, is an extremely safe high-molecular organic matter, is non-toxic to a human body, has no side effect, and has good biocompatibility.
Further, the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 5%.
The preparation method of the garbage deodorant comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of modified hydrogel: at 4 ℃ under the stirring condition, firstly adding sodium alginate into water to dissolve, then adding hermetia illucens dry powder to mix, simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-20 min under the ultrasonic condition, carrying out centrifugal separation for 2 times, 30min each time, collecting supernatant, then sequentially adding polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl chitosan into the supernatant, stirring and mixing for 10-20 min, then heating to 50-60 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-8 h to obtain modified hydrogel;
(2) Preparation of a deodorant: and (2) sequentially adding water, citric acid and malic acid into the modified hydrogel obtained in the step (1), stirring and mixing at 20-40 ℃ for 30-40 min, then sequentially adding peppermint oil and turpentine, stirring and mixing for 30-40 min, and then adding a sodium carbonate solution, stirring and mixing to obtain the garbage deodorant.
Furthermore, the power of the ultrasonic wave in the step (1) is 100-200W. Under the action of ultrasonic waves with the power of 100-200W, the sodium alginate is beneficial to adsorbing antibacterial components such as antibacterial peptide in the hermetia illucens dry powder.
Further, the rotation speed of the centrifugal separation in the step (1) is 12000r/min.
Further, the stirring speed in the step (1) is 100-200 r/min.
Further, the stirring speed in the step (2) is 200-300 r/min.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, sodium alginate is used for adsorbing and extracting antibacterial components such as antibacterial peptide in the hermetia illucens dry powder, and then the antibacterial peptide is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl chitosan for crosslinking to prepare the modified hydrogel, so that the antibacterial peptide components of the hermetia illucens enriched in the modified hydrogel can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria in garbage and inhibit breeding of mosquitoes and flies; meanwhile, the modified hydrogel has good permeability, can promote the active ingredients of the deodorant to quickly permeate into piled garbage, quickly kill or inhibit bacteria from breeding, and delay the generation of stink caused by the decay and deterioration of organic matters in the garbage.
2. According to the invention, modified hydrogel, citric acid, malic acid, peppermint oil and turpentine are reasonably mixed according to a proportion to prepare a garbage deodorant, sulfur-containing malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan and ammonia-flavored gases such as ammonia and organic amine are effectively removed under the combined action of the modified hydrogel, the citric acid and the malic acid, the modified hydrogel can quickly adsorb solid substances to form a physical film which adsorbs odor molecules, and a quick and efficient deodorization effect is achieved under the assistance of the citric acid and the malic acid; the added peppermint oil and turpentine oil increase the sterilization effect of the deodorant.
3. The invention adopts low-toxicity harmless medicaments, does not cause harm to the environment and human bodies, has simple production process, low cost, convenient use and long deodorization duration and is suitable for being applied to garbage transfer stations and garbage disposal plants.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention thereto. The specific experimental conditions and methods not indicated in the following examples are generally conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
a garbage deodorant comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 15 parts of modified hydrogel, 50 parts of citric acid, 8 parts of malic acid, 1 part of sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5%, 2 parts of peppermint oil, 1 part of turpentine and 40 parts of water; the modified hydrogel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of black soldier fly dry powder, 35 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20 parts of hydroxypropyl chitosan and 120 parts of water.
The preparation method of the garbage deodorant disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of modified hydrogel: under the stirring condition of 4 ℃ and the speed of 100r/min, firstly adding sodium alginate into water for dissolving, then adding the dry powder of hermetia illucens for mixing, simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10min under the ultrasonic condition of 100W, carrying out centrifugal separation for 2 times at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, 30min each time, collecting supernatant, then sequentially adding polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl chitosan into the supernatant, stirring and mixing for 15min, heating to 55 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6-8 h to obtain modified hydrogel;
(2) Preparation of a deodorant: and (2) sequentially adding water, citric acid and malic acid into the modified hydrogel obtained in the step (1), mixing for 40min at 20 ℃ under stirring at the speed of 300r/min, then sequentially adding peppermint oil and turpentine, stirring and mixing for 30min, then adding a sodium carbonate solution, and stirring and mixing to obtain the garbage deodorant.
Example 2:
a garbage deodorant comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 18 parts of modified hydrogel, 8 parts of citric acid, 7 parts of malic acid, 2 parts of sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5%, 1 part of peppermint oil, 2 parts of turpentine and 45 parts of water; the modified hydrogel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of black soldier fly dry powder, 20 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 25 parts of hydroxypropyl chitosan and 150 parts of water.
The preparation method of the garbage deodorant disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of modified hydrogel: under the stirring condition of 4 ℃ and the speed of 150r/min, firstly adding sodium alginate into water for dissolving, then adding the dry powder of hermetia illucens for mixing, simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 12min under the ultrasonic condition of 150W, carrying out centrifugal separation for 2 times at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, 30min each time, collecting supernatant, then sequentially adding polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl chitosan into the supernatant, stirring and mixing for 15min, heating to 50 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5h to obtain modified hydrogel;
(2) Preparation of a deodorant: and (2) sequentially adding water, citric acid and malic acid into the modified hydrogel obtained in the step (1), mixing for 35min at 25 ℃ under the stirring speed of 250r/min, then sequentially adding peppermint oil and turpentine, stirring and mixing for 40min, then adding a sodium carbonate solution, and stirring and mixing to obtain the garbage deodorant.
Example 3:
a garbage deodorant comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 16 parts of modified hydrogel, 9 parts of citric acid, 10 parts of malic acid, 3 parts of sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5%, 1 part of peppermint oil, 2 parts of turpentine and 45 parts of water; the modified hydrogel comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8 parts of black soldier fly dry powder, 25 parts of sodium alginate, 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 25 parts of hydroxypropyl chitosan and 100 parts of water.
The preparation method of the garbage deodorant disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of modified hydrogel: under the stirring condition of 4 ℃ and the speed of 150r/min, firstly adding sodium alginate into water for dissolving, then adding the dry powder of hermetia illucens for mixing, simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15min under the ultrasonic condition of 150W, carrying out centrifugal separation for 2 times at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, 30min each time, collecting supernatant, then sequentially adding polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl chitosan into the supernatant, stirring and mixing for 10min, heating to 56 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 8h to obtain modified hydrogel;
(2) Preparation of a deodorant: and (2) sequentially adding water, citric acid and malic acid into the modified hydrogel obtained in the step (1), mixing for 30min at 40 ℃ and at a speed of 200r/min under stirring, then sequentially adding peppermint oil and turpentine, stirring and mixing for 35min, then adding a sodium carbonate solution, and stirring and mixing to obtain the garbage deodorant.
Example 4:
a garbage deodorant comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 20 parts of modified hydrogel, 10 parts of citric acid, 5 parts of malic acid, 2 parts of sodium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 5%, 3 parts of peppermint oil, 3 parts of turpentine and 50 parts of water; the modified hydrogel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of hermetia illucens dry powder, 40 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 30 parts of hydroxypropyl chitosan and 110 parts of water.
The preparation method of the garbage deodorant disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of modified hydrogel: under the stirring condition of 4 ℃ and the speed of 200r/min, firstly adding sodium alginate into water for dissolving, then adding hermetia illucens dry powder for mixing, simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min under the ultrasonic condition of 200W, carrying out centrifugal separation for 2 times at the rotating speed of 12000r/min, 30min each time, collecting supernatant, then sequentially adding polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl chitosan into the supernatant, stirring and mixing for 20min, heating to 60 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 7h to obtain modified hydrogel;
(2) Preparation of the deodorant: and (2) sequentially adding water, citric acid and malic acid into the modified hydrogel obtained in the step (1), mixing for 30min at 35 ℃ under stirring at the speed of 200r/min, then sequentially adding peppermint oil and turpentine, stirring and mixing for 35min, then adding a sodium carbonate solution, and stirring and mixing to obtain the garbage deodorant.
Experimental example:
selecting 5 closable spaces, wherein each space is (5 m multiplied by 3 m), 3 barrels of malodorous domestic garbage are placed in each space, the weight of each barrel of garbage is 50kg, the indoor temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, 4 spaces are selected for the deodorizing test of the garbage deodorant prepared in the embodiment 1-4, the garbage deodorant is diluted by 50 times with water in each space and then sprayed on the domestic garbage, and the rest space does not use the deodorant as a reference; after the garbage deodorant is sprayed, detecting the ammonia content, the hydrogen sulfide concentration and the odor concentration of a room every 10 days, respectively calculating the removal rates of the ammonia concentration, the hydrogen sulfide concentration and the odor concentration by taking a blank room as a reference, and monitoring for 30 days, wherein the specific results are shown in table 1; the detection method comprises the steps of measuring the ammonia content by using sodium hypochlorite-salicylic acid spectrophotometry for measuring ammonia in environmental air (HJ 534-2009), measuring the hydrogen sulfide concentration by using ammonium polyvinyl alcohol phosphate absorption-methylene blue colorimetry, and measuring the odor concentration by using three-point comparison type odor bag method for measuring air quality and odor (GB/T14675).
TABLE 1 results of the simulated garbage deodorization test of this experimental example
According to the results, the waste deodorant disclosed by the invention can effectively remove ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor in the waste, and the removal rate can still reach more than 85% in 30 days, so that the deodorant disclosed by the invention is a safe, nontoxic, rapid and effective waste deodorant.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a garbage deodorant is characterized by comprising the following steps: the garbage deodorant comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 15-20 parts of modified hydrogel, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 5-10 parts of malic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium carbonate solution, 1-3 parts of peppermint oil, 1-3 parts of turpentine and 40-50 parts of water; the modified hydrogel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of hermetia illucens dry powder, 20-40 parts of sodium alginate, 10-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20-30 parts of hydroxypropyl chitosan and 100-150 parts of water;
the preparation method of the garbage deodorant comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of modified hydrogel: at 4 ℃ under the stirring condition, firstly adding sodium alginate into water to dissolve, then adding hermetia illucens dry powder to mix, simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-20 min under the ultrasonic condition, carrying out centrifugal separation for 2 times, 30min each time, collecting supernatant, then sequentially adding polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl chitosan into the supernatant, stirring and mixing for 10-20 min, then heating to 50-60 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-8 h to obtain modified hydrogel;
(2) Preparation of the deodorant: and (2) sequentially adding water, citric acid and malic acid into the modified hydrogel obtained in the step (1), stirring and mixing at 20-40 ℃ for 30-40 min, then sequentially adding peppermint oil and turpentine, stirring and mixing for 30-40 min, and then adding a sodium carbonate solution, stirring and mixing to obtain the garbage deodorant.
2. The method for preparing a garbage deodorant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 5%.
3. The method for producing a trash deodorant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power of the ultrasonic wave in the step (1) is 100-200W.
4. The method for producing a trash deodorant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotation speed of the centrifugal separation in the step (1) is 12000r/min.
5. The method for producing a trash deodorant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring speed in the step (1) is 100-200 r/min.
6. The method for producing a trash deodorant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring speed in the step (2) is 200-300 r/min.
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| CN110420552A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-08 | 北京泷涛环境修复有限公司 | A kind of plant deodorant and preparation method for the processing of solid waste waste odor |
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| CN104307019A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-01-28 | 上海今拓环保设备工程有限公司 | Plant extract deodorizer for removing harmful gases |
| CN108408851A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-17 | 东莞市顶盛环保科技有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency antimicrobial deodorant |
| CN110169949A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-08-27 | 潍坊医学院 | A kind of hydrogel of the antibacterial peptide containing NP10 and its preparation method and application |
| CN110420552A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-08 | 北京泷涛环境修复有限公司 | A kind of plant deodorant and preparation method for the processing of solid waste waste odor |
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