CN111102932A - Automatic inspection method and system for foundation pit safety - Google Patents
Automatic inspection method and system for foundation pit safety Download PDFInfo
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- CN111102932A CN111102932A CN201911284282.1A CN201911284282A CN111102932A CN 111102932 A CN111102932 A CN 111102932A CN 201911284282 A CN201911284282 A CN 201911284282A CN 111102932 A CN111102932 A CN 111102932A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for automatically inspecting the safety of a foundation pit, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a supporting table, a track system, a telescopic mechanism and a strain measurement system; the supporting platform sets up at treating monitoring a supporting beam top, and rail system slidable sets up on the supporting platform, and the measurement of strain system is connected with rail system through telescopic machanism for move along treating monitoring a supporting beam under rail system's drive, with shoot the crack image on treating monitoring a supporting beam and handle it. The full-process automatic monitoring device for the supporting beam crack is simple in structure and high in mechanization degree, can realize automatic monitoring of the full process of the supporting beam crack, enables the crack monitoring process to be more convenient, improves the monitoring efficiency and reliability, and provides equipment support for subsequent monitoring personnel to analyze the structural safety of the supporting beam; monitoring personnel do not need to walk on a supporting beam to monitor the crack of the supporting beam, so that the operation safety of the monitoring personnel is ensured, and the monitoring workload of constructors is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foundation pit monitoring, in particular to a method and a system for automatically patrolling foundation pit safety.
Background
In large-scale building engineering, due to various load effects in the design, construction and use processes, cracks can be generated in a building structure, the attractiveness, use and durability of the structure are seriously affected, and when the width of the crack reaches a certain value, the safety of the structure can be endangered. For a long time, data are acquired by a steel ruler or a crack instrument in deformation observation, the steel ruler is embedded in a crack position along the horizontal direction, only one end of the steel ruler needs to be fixed when the steel ruler is embedded, and the intersection points of the embedded steel ruler and the two edges of the crack are used as two monitoring points of the crack. When measuring the crack width, will surpass the station appearance and erect suitable position leaving crack position the place ahead, aim at the crack monitoring point of steel chi stiff end earlier, through position and height that the adjustment surpassed the station appearance and erect to ensure that the crack monitoring point reading of steel chi stiff end is the same with first reading in the error allowance range, then read the steel chi reading of the crack monitoring point department of the steel chi other end, the reading difference of 2 monitoring point departments steel chi of crack is for measuring cracked width promptly. However, the method is labor-consuming and time-consuming, has high subjectivity for observers, and makes observation of dangerous parts which are difficult to reach by certain large buildings difficult or even impossible.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a system for automatically inspecting the safety of a foundation pit, and aims to solve the problems that the structural crack monitoring operation efficiency is low and the accuracy of the monitoring result is difficult to guarantee in the existing building construction field.
In one aspect, the present invention provides an automatic inspection system for foundation pit safety, comprising: the device comprises a supporting table, a track system, a telescopic mechanism and a strain measurement system; the supporting platform is arranged at the top of the supporting beam to be monitored, the track system is slidably arranged on the supporting platform, and the strain measurement system is connected with the track system through the telescopic mechanism and is used for moving along the supporting beam to be monitored under the driving of the track system so as to shoot a crack image on the supporting beam to be monitored and process the crack image.
Further, in the above-mentioned automatic system of patrolling of foundation ditch safety, rail system includes: a guide rail and a plurality of hubs; the guide rail is a square shell with openings at two ends, and a notch is formed in the bottom surface of the guide rail and penetrates through the length direction of the shell; the wheel hubs are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side inside the guide rail; the hub contacts the top of the support table to slide along the support table.
Further, in the automatic safety inspection system for the foundation pit, the strain measurement system is a three-dimensional DIC strain measurement system.
The automatic foundation pit safety inspection system is simple in structure, the images of the cracks on the supporting beam to be monitored are extracted through the three-dimensional strain measurement system, the degree of mechanization is high, the whole process of the supporting beam cracks can be automatically monitored, the crack monitoring process is more convenient, the monitoring result is not influenced by artificial subjective factors, the monitoring efficiency and reliability are improved, and equipment support is provided for subsequent monitoring personnel to analyze the structural safety of the supporting beam; monitoring personnel do not need to walk on a supporting beam and can monitor the crack of the supporting beam, so that the operation safety of the monitoring personnel is ensured, and the monitoring workload of constructors is greatly reduced.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a safe and automatic inspection method for the foundation pit, which comprises the following steps: step 1, installing a foundation pit safety automatic inspection system on a supporting beam to be monitored, and ensuring that the width direction of the supporting beam to be monitored is within the shooting range of a camera in a strain measurement system; step 2, uploading the image collected in the step S1 to a computer for digital image processing to obtain the length and width of the crack in each image and the image acquisition time; and 3, acquiring a crack change-time curve according to the length and the width of the crack in each image and the image acquisition time.
Further, in the above method for automatically patrolling the foundation pit safety, in step 1, the moving speed of the track system in the system for automatically patrolling the foundation pit safety is the same as the acquisition frequency of the camera.
Further, in the automatic foundation pit safety inspection method, the step 2 further includes:
cutting out a supporting beam area to be monitored in the picture; setting a gray threshold value by utilizing the difference between the gray values of the concrete and the cracks, and carrying out binarization processing on the image; and searching areas with the continuous gray value of 255 in the image, determining the length and the width of the image crack, and recording and summarizing the image acquisition time, the length and the width data of the image crack.
Further, in the automatic foundation pit safety inspection method, the determining the image crack length and the image crack width further includes: reading the coordinate data of each pixel point in the area with the gray value of 255, calculating the coordinate distance between the pixel points, and determining the maximum distance as the image crack length; and respectively taking the two pixel points with the maximum distance as crack end points, calculating the coordinate distance between the pixel points in the direction vertical to the length direction of the crack, and taking the maximum distance as the width of the crack of the image.
Further, in the automatic foundation pit safety inspection method, step 3 further includes: summarizing the data of the same area monitored every day to obtain the time data of the monitored image of the area and the corresponding data of the length and the width of the image crack; calculating the change value of the length and the width of the crack based on the first image;
and correspondingly interpolating the crack length and the crack width change value, and drawing a crack length change value-time curve, a crack width change value-time change curve and a crack length-crack width change value curve.
Further, in the automatic foundation pit safety inspection method, the calculating of the change value of the length and the width of the crack specifically includes: subtracting the crack length of the first image from the crack length of the subsequent image, and dividing the crack length of the first image by the crack length of the subsequent image to obtain a crack length change value; and subtracting the crack width of the first image from the crack width of the subsequent image, and dividing the crack width of the first image by the crack width of the subsequent image to obtain a crack width change value.
According to the automatic foundation pit safety inspection method provided by the invention, the images of the surface of the supporting beam to be monitored are acquired through the three-dimensional DIC strain measurement system, the length and the width of the crack of each image and the image acquisition time are obtained, and the crack change-time curve can be obtained according to the length and the width of the crack in each image and the image acquisition time, so that a constructor can analyze the structural safety of the supporting beam to be monitored.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic foundation pit safety inspection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an automatic foundation pit safety inspection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an interface after an image is read using an imread function of MATLAB according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an image of a support beam area to be monitored cut using an imcrop function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an image of a support beam area to be monitored after binarization processing in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an image of a support beam area to be monitored after reverse color processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of fracture length variation versus time obtained in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of fracture width variation versus time obtained in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the automatic foundation pit safety inspection system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a supporting table 1, a track system 2, a telescopic mechanism 3 and a strain measurement system 4; the supporting platform 1 is arranged at the top of the supporting beam 5 to be monitored, the track system 2 is slidably arranged on the supporting platform 1, and the strain measurement system 4 is connected with the track system 2 through the telescopic mechanism 3 and is used for moving along the supporting beam 5 to be monitored under the driving of the track system 2 so as to shoot a crack image on the supporting beam 5 to be monitored and process the crack image.
Specifically, the supporting platform 1 may be an i-beam, and in practice, a flange at the bottom of the i-beam may be fixed on the supporting beam 5 to be monitored by the fixing bolt 6.
The rail system 2 includes: a guide rail 21 and a plurality of hubs 22; the guide rail 21 is a square shell with openings at two ends, and a notch is formed in the bottom surface of the square shell and penetrates through the length direction of the shell; the wheel hubs 22 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side inside the guide rail 21; the hub 22 is in contact with the top of the support table 1 to slide along the support table 1. More specifically, two hubs 22 are disposed on the upper side wall inside the guide rail 21, and two hubs 22 are correspondingly disposed on the lower side wall inside the guide rail 21. The width of the guide rail 21 may be slightly larger than the width of the top of the supporting table 1 to facilitate the installation of the guide rail 21 on the supporting table 1.
The strain gauge system 4 may be a three-dimensional DIC strain gauge system in which a camera is arranged, the frequency at which images are acquired of which may be determined on a case-by-case basis, for example 0.25 hz. In order to ensure the reliability of the measuring process, the moving speed of the guide rail is the same as the acquisition frequency of a camera in the strain measuring system.
The telescopic mechanism 3 can be a telescopic rod-shaped structure, and the three-dimensional DIC strain measurement system is arranged at the top of the telescopic rod. In practice, the length of the telescopic mechanism can be set according to the width of the supporting beam to be monitored, and the supporting beam to be monitored is ensured to be within the shooting range of the camera. The materials selected in the embodiment of the invention have low cost and can be recycled, and the materials such as the I-steel, the track system, the telescopic mechanism and the like can be detached for recycling after the monitoring is completed.
Of course, the embodiment of the present invention may further include: and a controller for controlling the moving speed of the guide rail 21. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the shooting result, the moving speed of the guide rail 21 may be 0.25 m/s.
During practical use, firstly, a walking route of the strain measurement system 4 is set, and the I-steel is installed on the supporting beam 5 to be monitored through the fixing bolt 6. Then, installing the track system 2 on an upper flange plate of the I-shaped steel, and setting the moving speed; and a three-dimensional DIC strain measurement system 4 is arranged on the track system, so that the camera is aligned to the supporting beam of the crack to be monitored, and the lens of the camera is kept parallel to the supporting beam surface to be monitored.
The automatic foundation pit safety inspection system provided by the embodiment is simple in structure, the three-dimensional strain measurement system is used for extracting the crack image on the supporting beam to be monitored, the mechanization degree is high, the automatic monitoring of the whole process of the supporting beam crack can be realized, the crack monitoring process is more convenient, the monitoring result is not influenced by artificial subjective factors, the monitoring efficiency and reliability are improved, and equipment support is provided for subsequent monitoring personnel to analyze the structural safety of the supporting beam; monitoring personnel do not need to walk on a supporting beam and can monitor the crack of the supporting beam, so that the operation safety of the monitoring personnel is ensured, and the monitoring workload of constructors is greatly reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, the invention also provides a method for automatically inspecting the safety of the foundation pit, which comprises the following steps:
and step S1, mounting the automatic foundation pit safety inspection system on the support beam to be monitored, and ensuring that the width direction of the support beam to be monitored is within the shooting range of a camera in the strain measurement system.
Specifically, during installation, the three-dimensional DIC strain measurement system is installed on a track system, so that a camera is aligned to a supporting beam to be monitored, and a camera lens is parallel to the supporting beam surface to be monitored. The length of the telescopic mechanism can be adjusted, so that the width direction of the supporting beam to be monitored is within the shooting range of the camera.
In this embodiment, the collection frequency of the camera is related to the shooting range and the moving speed of the track system, and the ratio of the moving speed of the track system to the shooting range may be used as the collection frequency of the camera. For example, the shooting range is 1m, the speed of the trolley is 5m/s, 5 cameras should shoot every second, namely, the acquisition frequency of the camera is 5 Hz.
In this embodiment, reference may be made to the above system embodiment for a specific structure of the automatic foundation pit safety inspection system, which is not described herein again.
And step S2, uploading the image acquired in the step S1 to a computer terminal for digital image processing, and obtaining the length and width of the crack in each image and the image acquisition time.
Referring to fig. 3, the image may be processed after being read using the imread function of MATLAB.
Step S2 further includes:
and a substep S21, cutting out the supporting beam region to be monitored in the picture. Referring to fig. 4, the range can be manually framed by using the imcrop function to cut the picture, and the area of the support beam to be monitored in the picture is cut out to eliminate other interference factors.
And a substep S22 of setting a gray threshold value by using the difference between the gray values of the concrete and the crack, and performing binarization processing on the image.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, since the concrete gray value is generally higher than the crack, the image after binarization may be further processed by inverse color, and the image may be binarized by using im2bw function.
And a substep S23, searching a region with 255 continuous gray-scale values in the image, determining the length and width of the image crack, and recording and summarizing image acquisition time, image crack length and width data.
Specifically, pixel points on the picture are located in the same coordinate system, each pixel point has its own coordinate according to the position, and the distance between two pixel points is equal to the square of the difference value of the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the two points and then is root-opened.
The determining an image fracture length and an image fracture width further comprises:
reading the coordinate data of each pixel point in the area with the gray value of 255, calculating the coordinate distance between the pixel points, and determining the maximum distance as the image crack length; and respectively taking the two pixel points with the maximum distance as crack end points, calculating the coordinate distance between the pixel points in the direction vertical to the length direction of the crack, and taking the maximum distance as the width of the crack of the image. That is, after determining the crack length direction, the crack width direction is perpendicular to the length direction. And in the direction vertical to the length direction of the crack, the distance between the two farthest pixels is the width of the crack.
And step S3, acquiring a crack change-time curve according to the length and the width of the crack in each image and the image acquisition time.
Specifically, the step further comprises:
and a substep S31 of summarizing the same region data monitored daily to obtain the time data of the region monitoring image and the corresponding image crack length and width data.
In sub-step S32, the variation values of the length and width of the crack are calculated based on the first image.
Specifically, the crack length of the first image is subtracted from the crack length of the subsequent image, and then the crack length of the first image is divided by the crack length of the subsequent image to obtain a crack length change value; and subtracting the crack width of the first image from the crack width of the subsequent image, and dividing the crack width of the first image by the crack width of the subsequent image to obtain a crack width change value.
And a substep S33 of interpolating the fracture length and the fracture width variation value correspondingly, and drawing a fracture length variation value-time curve, a fracture width variation value-time variation curve and a fracture length-fracture width variation value curve.
In particular, linear interpolation may be used for the fracture length and fracture width variation values to ensure that the fracture length and width remain consistent on a time scale. The relation between the crack length and the width change of the support beam is researched through the obtained curve.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, a crack length change value-time curve and a crack width change value-time curve are respectively shown, and finally, the curves are derived and analyzed to obtain a curve graph, the using state of the supporting beam to be monitored is judged according to the change of the length and the width of the crack, the safety of the foundation pit is further analyzed, and meanwhile, the relation between the length and the width of the crack can be researched.
According to the automatic foundation pit safety inspection method provided by the invention, the images of the surface of the supporting beam to be monitored are acquired through the three-dimensional DIC strain measurement system, the length and the width of the crack of each image and the image acquisition time are obtained, and the crack change-time curve can be obtained according to the length and the width of the crack in each image and the image acquisition time, so that a constructor can analyze the structural safety of the supporting beam to be monitored.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an automatic system of patrolling of foundation ditch safety which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a supporting table, a track system, a telescopic mechanism and a strain measurement system; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the supporting platform is arranged at the top of the supporting beam to be monitored, the track system is slidably arranged on the supporting platform, and the strain measurement system is connected with the track system through the telescopic mechanism and is used for moving along the supporting beam to be monitored under the driving of the track system so as to shoot a crack image on the supporting beam to be monitored and process the crack image.
2. The automated pit safety inspection system of claim 1, wherein the rail system comprises: a guide rail and a plurality of hubs; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the guide rail is a square shell with openings at two ends, and a notch is arranged on the bottom surface of the guide rail and penetrates through the length direction of the shell;
the wheel hubs are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side inside the guide rail; the hub contacts the top of the support table to slide along the support table.
3. The automatic foundation pit safety inspection system according to claim 1, wherein the strain measurement system is a three-dimensional DIC strain measurement system.
4. A safe and automatic inspection method for a foundation pit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, installing a foundation pit safety automatic inspection system on a supporting beam to be monitored, and ensuring that the width direction of the supporting beam to be monitored is within the shooting range of a camera in a strain measurement system;
step 2, uploading the image collected in the step S1 to a computer for digital image processing to obtain the length and width of the crack in each image and the image acquisition time;
and 3, acquiring a crack change-time curve according to the length and the width of the crack in each image and the image acquisition time.
5. The automatic pit safety inspection method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1, the moving speed of the track system in the automatic pit safety inspection system is the same as the acquisition frequency of the camera.
6. The automatic pit safety inspection method according to claim 4, wherein the step 2 further comprises:
cutting out a supporting beam area to be monitored in the picture;
setting a gray threshold value by utilizing the difference between the gray values of the concrete and the cracks, and carrying out binarization processing on the image;
and searching areas with the continuous gray value of 255 in the image, determining the length and the width of the image crack, and recording and summarizing the image acquisition time, the length and the width data of the image crack.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the determining the image crack length and the image crack width further comprises:
reading the coordinate data of each pixel point in the area with the gray value of 255, calculating the coordinate distance between the pixel points, and determining the maximum distance as the image crack length;
and respectively taking the two pixel points with the maximum distance as crack end points, calculating the coordinate distance between the pixel points in the direction vertical to the length direction of the crack, and taking the maximum distance as the width of the crack of the image.
8. The automatic pit safety inspection method according to claim 4, wherein the step 3 further comprises:
summarizing the data of the same area monitored every day to obtain the time data of the monitored image of the area and the corresponding data of the length and the width of the image crack;
calculating the change value of the length and the width of the crack based on the first image;
and correspondingly interpolating the crack length and the crack width change value, and drawing a crack length change value-time curve, a crack width change value-time change curve and a crack length-crack width change value curve.
9. The automatic foundation pit safety inspection method according to claim 8, wherein the calculating of the change values of the length and the width of the crack is specifically as follows:
subtracting the crack length of the first image from the crack length of the subsequent image, and dividing the crack length of the first image by the crack length of the subsequent image to obtain a crack length change value;
and subtracting the crack width of the first image from the crack width of the subsequent image, and dividing the crack width of the first image by the crack width of the subsequent image to obtain a crack width change value.
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Application publication date: 20200505 |